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OBJECTIVE: This study examined the experiential factors and interacting vulnerabilities that contribute to the development of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in children and adolescents. METHOD: Of 100 consecutive referrals to an inner-city child and adolescent psychiatry clinic, 59 had experienced a trauma that qualified as a precipitant of PTSD. For those with trauma, ages ranged from 3 to 18 years (mean=9.9, SD=4.10); 39 (66%) were males. The authors used a series of multiple regression analyses to examine the contribution of demographic characteristics, the nature of the stressor(s), and the role of preexisting clinical signs in the development of PTSD. RESULTS: Twenty-two percent of the 59 children who had been traumatized met full criteria for PTSD, 32% had some symptoms of PTSD but did not meet full criteria, and 46% had no symptoms of PTSD. Witnessing domestic violence or being physically abused predicted severity of PTSD. Children with preexisting aggressive behavior were more likely to be victims of physical abuse. CONCLUSIONS: Traumatic experience interacts with factors in the child and family to contribute to the development of PTSD. Trauma that threatens family integrity appears to make a strong contribution to the development of PTSD. Increased understanding of the factors contributing to PTSD may provide additional opportunities for developing effective interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Question: What is the predictive validity of the revised Conners' Teacher Rating Scale (CTRS-R) for identifying children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in a clinical sample compared with the Telephone Teacher Interview (T TI-IV)? Patients: 1038 children aged 6 -- 12 years referred for assessment of attention, learning and behavioural problems to a pae-diatric clinic (mean age 8.8 years, 75.5% male). Children on psychotropic medications other than stimulants, attending full time treatment programmes, with premature birth, history of serious head trauma, a chronic medical condition, recent history of abuse or who were adopted were excluded. Setting: Outpatient paediatric clinic, Toronto, Canada; May 1996 -- February 2006. Test: The CTRS-R, a 59 item teacher report form used to identify children with ADHD and associated behavioural difficulties. This was given to teachers by parents and completed before clinical assessment. Three subscales (L, M and N) were used to identify DSM-IV subtypes (inattentive, hyperactive/impulsive and combined, respectively). Scores were converted to T scores, scaled for age and gender, and a score of 50 taken as the mean score for the population. A cut-off T score of >60 was used to detect the presence of ADHD subtypes; the effects of varying this cut-off were investigated. Diagnostic standard: The TTI for DSM-IV or final clinical diagnosis. The TTI-IV is a semi-structured telephone interview used to obtain a teacher's description of child behaviour in the classroom and schoolyard. The TTI-IV was measured before clinical assessment, and all interviewers and assessors had no knowledge of either test or diagnostic standard scores until all diagnostic measures and interviews were complete. Outcomes: Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative likelihood ratios, positive and negative post-test probabilities. Methods Design: Cross-sectional study. Main results Using the teacher reported diagnostic standard, 53.7% of children were classified as meeting DSM-IV criteria for ADHD, 13.9% for oppositional defiant disorder and 4% for conduct disorder. T scores of 60 or more (1 SD above the population mean) on all CTRS-R subscales showed good sensitivity but low specificity for detecting TTI-IV assessed inattentive symptoms (sensitivity 93%, specificity 39%), hyperactive-impulsive symptoms (sensitivity 91%, specificity 53%) and combined symptoms (sensitivity 94%, specificity 32%). For detecting clinical ADHD, sensitivities were also high for the inattentive subtype (sensitivity 85%, specificity 46%) and combined subtype (sensitivity 82%, specificity 48%) but lower for hyperactive-impulsive subtype (sensitivity 69%, specificity 60%). Increasing the cutoff value for the T score resulted in increased specificity for diagnosing ADHD subtypes with a maximum of 95% for a clinical diagnosis of the hyperactive-impulsive subtype but reduced sensitivity (18% for the hyperactive-impulsive subtype). Across subtypes, the highest post-test probabilities were achieved with a T score cut-off on the CTRS-R of >80 but all values were below 90%. Conclusions The ability of the CTRS-R is limited for predicting whether schoolchildren who are clinically referred will reach DSM-IV criteria for ADHD. A T score of less than 60 on the CTRS-R for the hyperactive-impulsive or combined subscales can be used to rule out ADHD but additional information about their behaviour will be needed to make DSM-IV diagnoses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Untargeted metabolomics is often used in studies that aim to trace the metabolic profile in a broad context, with the data-dependent acquisition (DDA) mode being the most commonly used method. However, this approach has the limitation that not all detected ions are fragmented in the data acquisition process, in addition to the lack of specificity regarding the process of fragmentation of biological signals. The present work aims to extend the detection of biological signals and contribute to overcoming the fragmentation limits of the DDA mode with a dynamic procedure that combines experimental and in silico approaches., Methods: Metabolomic analysis was performed on three different species of actinomycetes using liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. The data obtained were preprocessed by the MZmine software and processed by the custom package RegFilter., Results and Discussion: RegFilter allowed the coverage of the entire chromatographic run and the selection of precursor ions for fragmentation that were previously missed in DDA mode. Most of the ions selected by the tool could be annotated through three levels of annotation, presenting biologically relevant candidates. In addition, the tool offers the possibility of creating local spectral libraries curated according to the user's interests. Thus, the adoption of a dynamic analysis flow using RegFilter allowed for detection optimization and curation of potential biological signals, previously absent in the DDA mode, being a good complementary approach to the current mode of data acquisition. In addition, this workflow enables the creation and search of in-house tailored custom libraries., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. The author(s) declared that they were an editorial board member of Frontiers, at the time of submission. This had no impact on the peer review process and the final decision., (Copyright © 2024 Arini, Mencucini, de Felício, Feitosa, Rezende-Teixeira, de Oliveira Tsuji, Pilon, Pinho, Costa Lotufo, Lopes, Trivella and da Silva.)

Background: •Since its inception in the 1980s, endoscopic ultrasound has increased relevance and usefulness in clinical practice., Background: •Endoscopic ultrasound has evolved from solely diagnostic imaging to a valuable method for tissue sampling and therapeutic procedures, such as drainage of pancreatic fluid collections and creating gastrointestinal anastomoses under EUS guidance., Background: •Given the rapid advancements in EUS and new devices, an update to the last Consensus must include recent developments., Background: •Experts evaluated and discussed the best evidence on EUS-guided procedures and devices for tissue sampling, pancreatic and liver disease management, and biliary drainage., Background: In the past decades, endoscopic ultrasound has developed from a diagnostic tool to a platform for many therapeutic interventions. Various technological advancements have emerged since the last Brazilian Consensus, demanding a review and update of the recommendations based on the best scientific evidence., Methods: A group of 32 renowned echoendoscopists selected eight relevant topics to be discussed to generate clinical questions. After that, a literature review was conducted to answer these questions based on the most updated evidence., Results: Thirty-three statements were formulated and voted on by the experts to reach a consensus. The Oxford System was used to grade the level of evidence., Conclusion: There is mo-derate evidence to support that the needle shape, gauge, or aspiration technique does not influence the yield of endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided tissue sampling of pancreatic solid lesions. There is moderate evidence to support using EUS-TTNB of the cyst wall to differentiate between mucinous and non-mucinous cystic neoplasms. There is little evidence to support the EUS-guided treatment of gastric varices. There is a high level of evidence to support that EUS-guided biliary drainage and ERCP present similar outcomes in patients with distal malignant biliary obstruction. There is a high level of evidence for using EUS to diagnose neoplastic pancreatic cysts and detect necrosis before indicating drainage. There is moderate evidence to support EUS-GE over duodenal stent for malignant gastric outlet obstruction in patients with a life expectancy higher than 2 months. There is a high level of evidence to support the use of RFA in treating both functioning and non-functioning types of NET.

Purpose: The objective of this article is to report a case of silicone oil migration into intraocular packing in cases of retinal detachment, while reviewing the existing literature on the various mechanisms and locations of this migration. However, it is important to highlight that the use of this material is not free from complications., Method: This article is a case report with a literature review. The information was obtained through a review of the medical record, interview and photographic record of the patient's diagnostic methods. PubMed was used as a database to perform the search for selected articles and literature review, selecting articles published from the year 2016., Results/discussion: The exact mechanism of migration of intraocular silicone oil to the central nervous system is still unclear, being a rare complication that may be related to several factors. We report a case in which the patient underwent vitrectomy surgery and, after several years, presented a complication related to the migration of intraocular silicone oil to the right frontal horn and third ventricle, causing headache. Conclusion: Knowledge about migration of intraocular silicone oil into the central nervous system (CNS) is extremely important, since it manifests itself in several clinical and radiological findings, which can lead to incorrect diagnoses. Thus, it is suggested the follow- up of the patient after introduction of silicone oil to avoid complications that threaten results.

EMC1 is part of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane protein complex, whose functions include the insertion of transmembrane proteins into the ER membrane, ER-mitochondria contact, and lipid exchange. Here, we show that the Drosophila melanogaster EMC1 gene is expressed in the somatic musculature and the protein localizes to the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) network. Muscle-specific EMC1 RNAi led to severe motility defects and partial late pupae/early adulthood lethality, phenotypes that are rescued by co-expression with an EMC1 transgene. Motility impairment in EMC1-depleted flies was associated with aberrations in muscle morphology in embryos, larvae, and adults, including tortuous and misaligned fibers with reduced size and weakness. They were also associated with an altered SR network, cytosolic calcium overload, and mitochondrial dysfunction and dysmorphology that impaired membrane potential and oxidative phosphorylation capacity. Genes coding for ER stress sensors, mitochondrial biogenesis/dynamics, and other EMC components showed altered expression and were mostly rescued by the EMC1 transgene expression. In conclusion, EMC1 is required for the SR network's mitochondrial integrity and influences underlying programs involved in the regulation of muscle mass and shape. We believe our data can contribute to the biology of human diseases caused by EMC1 mutations.

Purpose: To analyze clinical and endoscopic aspects of dyspeptic patients submitted to upper endoscopy in a reference center in the interior of Maranhão, Brazil., Methods: Observational, descriptive, and analytical research through interviews and endoscopic reports of 80 patients with dyspeptic complaints submitted to upper endoscopy., Results: Among the respondents, 66.25% were women, most were aged ≥ 40 years old and had epigastric pain as their main symptom, and 29.75% had no appropriate indication to perform upper endoscopy. Mild enanthematous gastritis of the antrum was the most frequent finding, and 92.5% had non-significant findings. Rapid urease test was positive in 25%. The following findings showed a statistically significant correlation (p < 0.05): age < 40 years old, female gender, and gastric lesion with positive urease test; smoking with gastric lesion and age less than 40 years old with normal examination. Patients with significant findings had appropriate indications for upper endoscopy., Conclusions: The correct indication of upper endoscopy is essential for satisfactory endoscopic yields and accurate diagnosis.

Surfactants can be used as nanoparticle stabilizing agents. However, since synthetic surfactants are not economically viable and environmentally friendly, biosurfactants are emerging as a green alternative for the synthesis and stabilization of nanoparticles. Nanoparticles have been applied in several areas of industry, such as the production of biomedical and therapeutic components, packaging coating, solar energy generation and transmission and distribution of electrical energy, among others. The aim of this study was to synthesize, in a simple and green way, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using the biosurfactant produced by Candida lipolytica UCP 0899 as a stabilizer. AgNPs were examined and morphologically characterized using the techniques of ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-visible), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), zeta potential and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Newly formed silver nanoparticles showed a maximum UV-visible absorption peak at 400 nm, while a shift to 410 nm was observed in those stored for 120 days. SEM micrograph confirmed the formation of nanoparticles with an average size of 20 nm and with a predominant spherical structure, while a zeta potential of -60 mV suggested that the use of the biosurfactant promoted their stability. Stabilized nanoparticles were tested for their antimicrobial activity against bacterial isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Staphylococcus aureus , Escherichia coli and Enterobacter sp., as well as fungal isolates of Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger . At a concentration of 16.50 µg/mL, AgNPs inhibited the growth of all target microorganisms according to the following decreasing order: E. coli (95%), S. aureus , C. albicans (90%), A. niger (85%), Enterobacter sp. (75%) and P. aeruginosa (71%). These results suggest the potential use of the biosurfactant as a stabilizer of silver nanoparticles as an antimicrobial agent in different industrial sectors. Furthermore, the in vivo toxicity potential of biosurfactants was evaluated using the Tenebrio molitor model. The larvae were treated with concentrations in the range of 2.5, 5.0 and 10 g/L, and no mortality was observed within the 24 to 72 h period, demonstrating non-toxicity within the tested concentration range. These findings support the safety, efficacy and non-toxicity of biosurfactant-stabilized nanoparticles.

Chitinases are promising enzymes for a multitude of applications, including chitooligosaccharide (COS) synthesis for food and pharmaceutical uses and marine waste management. Owing to fungal diversity, fungal chitinases may offer alternatives for chitin degradation and industrial applications. The rapid reproduction cycle, inexpensive growth media, and ease of handling of fungi may also contribute to reducing enzyme production costs. Thus, this study aimed to identify fungal species with chitinolytic potential and optimize chitinase production by submerged culture and enzyme characterization using shrimp chitin. Three fungal species, Coriolopsis byrsina, Trichoderma reesei, and Trichoderma harzianum, were selected for chitinase production. The highest endochitinase production was achieved in C. byrsina after 168 h cultivation (0.3 U mL - 1 ). The optimal temperature for enzyme activity was similar for the three fungal species (up to 45 and 55 ºC for endochitinases and exochitinases, respectively). The effect of pH on activity indicated maximum hydrolysis in acidic pH (4-7). In addition, the crude T. reesei extract showed promising properties for removing Candida albicans biofilms. This study showed the possibility of using shrimp chitin to induce chitinase production and enzymes that can be applied in different industrial sectors., (© 2024. The Author(s) under exclusive licence to Sociedade Brasileira de Microbiologia.)

The study aimed to evaluate the effects of three supplementation strategies on intake, apparent digestibility, feeding behavior, performance, carcass traits, proximate composition, and the fatty acid profile of meat from steers on tropical pasture during the post-weaning and finishing stages. The experiment involved 33 1/2 Holstein × 1/2 castrated Zebu steers weighing 335 ± 42.90 kg, aged 22 ± 2 m. The animals were managed on Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu using an intermittent grazing system with continuous stocking and variable stocking rates for 310 days. The supplementation strategies were as follows: MS/US (mineral salt/urea supplementation): mineral salt in the rainy season and mineral salt with urea in the dry season; US/PS1 (urea supplementation/protein supplementation): mineral salt with urea in the rainy season and protein supplement at 1 g/kg body weight (BW) in the dry season; and PS1/PS2 (protein supplementation 1/protein supplementation 2): protein supplement at 1 g/kg BW in the rainy season and 2 g/kg BW in the dry season. The dry matter intake did not differ significantly ( p > 0.05) between strategies. However, the post-weaning PS1/PS2 strategy resulted in higher ( p < 0.05) crude protein intake. The final body weight did not differ ( p > 0.05) between the strategies, but the average daily gain in post-weaning and finishing was higher ( p < 0.05) for MS/US (restricted) animals. Carcass weight, subcutaneous fat thickness, and lipid content in meat were significantly higher ( p < 0.05) for steers in the PS1/PS2 group. Steers finished on MS/US produced meat with a higher content of polyunsaturated fatty acids and ω-3 fatty acids ( p < 0.05). Concentrate supplementation at 1 g/kg BW during the rainy season and 2 g/kg BW during the dry season is recommended for post-weaning and finishing steers on tropical pasture.

The rapid expansion of Uber Technologies, Inc.'s ride-sharing, courier service, and food delivery system and e-hailing applications has been transforming the logistics network and urban mobility around the world. We aimed to evaluate the impact of the Uber system on traffic injury (TI) mortality during its implementation in Brazilian capital cities. A quasiexperimental design of interrupted time series was used. The monthly mortality rates for TI standardized by age were analyzed. The date of availability of the Uber app, specific to each capital, was considered the start date. Data from the Brazilian Mortality Information System and the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics were used. For the data analysis, from an interrupted time-series design, autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) models with a transfer function were fitted. In 92.6% (n = 25) of Brazilian capitals, there was no impact of Uber system implementation, 12 months after the start of its activities, on TI mortality. A reduction in mortality from this cause was observed after the system was implemented in Belo Horizonte and Rio de Janeiro. The impact on TI mortality was progressive and continuous in both. More studies are needed to establish the factors associated with the inequalities observed in the impact of Uber system implementation between different locations and the heterogeneity of effects., (© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.)

Introduction: The integration of remote work into higher education institutions has led to increased administrative activities and has affected quality of life, especially at work., Objectives: To verify the influence of income on the quality of life and quality of work life of administrative personnel of a higher education institution who worked remotely during the COVID-19 pandemic., Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study included 18 employees who worked via home office in the teaching, research, and/or extension sectors of a public university in Bahia, Brazil. Data were collected through an online questionnaires regarding sociodemographic data, quality of life (36-item Short-Form Health Survey), and quality of work life (Total Quality of Work Life)., Results: Older employees had higher income. Higher income was associated with higher quality of life scores for physical, emotional, and mental health, while lower income was associated with better scores for interpersonal relationships and work hours. There was a high prevalence of COVID-19 infection. Quality of life and quality of work life were considered worse than in the pre-pandemic period., Conclusions: Income influenced several aspects of quality of life and quality of work life (physical, emotional, and mental health, as well as interpersonal relationships and work hours) among university administrative personnel who worked remotely working during the COVID-19 pandemic., Competing Interests: Conflict of interest: None

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of swimming in the brain and behavior of young and aged mice. Forty-eight male C57BL/6 J mice were randomly distributed into 4 groups (n = 12 per group, 3 and 18 months old). The subdivision of the groups was: 3 months-SED, 18 months-SED, 3 months-EXE, and 18 months-EXE. SED mice did not swim, while EXE mice performed the physical exercise protocol. Training was initiated 48 h after the adaptation week. Swimming sessions consisted of 30 min, with no overload, 5 days per week, for 4 weeks. After the exercise protocol, it was revealed working and spatial memory were impaired in the 18 months-SED group. Pre- and post-synaptic proteins were enhanced in the groups that swam when compared to the 3- and 8 months-SED groups. Lipid peroxidation was greater in the aged mice that did not perform the physical exercise protocol and might have contributed to the cognitive impairment in this group. In conclusion, an aerobic physical exercise protocol, performed through regular swimming sessions, inhibited cognitive impairment, memory loss and lipid peroxidation in the aged mice, while pre- and post-synaptic proteins were enhanced in the hippocampus of young and aged mice., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)

Rocky Mountain or Brazilian spotted fever, caused by Rickettsia rickettsii , is a fulminant, seasonal, and neglected disease that occurs in focal points of North America and South America. Its rapid detection is essential for the better prognosis and survival rate of infected individuals. However, disease diagnosis still faces challenges as the accuracy of many of the available laboratory tests fluctuates. This review aimed to analyze methods for antibody or antigen detection, their gaps, and their evolution over time. A search was conducted to find all studies in the Pubmed database that described the antibody or antigen detection of R. rickettsii infections. Initially, a total of 403 articles were screened. Of these articles, only 17 fulfilled the pre-established inclusion criteria and were selected. Among the different methods applied, the IFA technique was the one most frequently found in the studies. However, it presented varied results such as a low specificity when using the indirect method. Other techniques, such as ELISA and immunohistochemistry, were also found, although in smaller numbers and with their own limitations. Although some studies showed promising results, there is a pressing need to find new techniques to develop a rapid and effective diagnosis of R. rickettssi infection.

Background: Visceral leishmaniasis results from complex interactions among humans, dogs and environment. Brazil accounts for 97% of cases in the Americas., Methods: Twenty years (2001-2020) of the endemic disease in the state of Rio de Janeiro were studied. Incidence, lethality, sociodemographic and clinical characteristics were investigated, complemented with spatial methodologies (kernel and clusters)., Results: Ninety-seven human cases and 625 dogs were reported. Of the 92 cities, 22 were human endemic areas. The state had a low incidence level (0.6 per 100 000). Lethality was higher compared with the Brazilian average. More than 90% of infections occurred in urban areas. Most cases (66%) occurred in men. The predominant age groups were 0-4 y (28.7%) and 20-39 y (32.9%). Fever (89.5%), splenomegaly (83.2%) and hepatomegaly (76.8%) were the main clinical manifestations. Spatial analysis showed a displacement of the human endemic: in the first decade (2001-2010), cases were concentrated in the Metropolitan region, and in the second decade (2011-2020) in the Médio Paraíba region of the state. Most of the endemic area (56.4%) had canine infections without reported human cases., Conclusions: Disorderly urbanisation and precarious living conditions favour the transmission of the disease. Changes in the environment and migratory processes contribute to its expansion., (© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.)

Objective: To analyze the factors associated with low functional mobility in older adults residing in Alcobaça, BA., Methods: This is an epidemiological survey with a cross-sectional design, conducted in 2015 with 473 older adults (62.4% women; mean age 70.2 ± 8.2 years) from Alcobaça, BA. The interview script addressed sociodemographic characteristics, health, and behavioral aspects. Functional mobility was assessed using the Short Physical Performance Battery (≤6 points). Inferential analyses were conducted using the Mann-Whitney U test and Poisson regression (with robust variance and estimation of prevalence ratios and their respective 95.0% confidence intervals)., Results: The prevalence of low functional mobility was 9.6%, with associated factors including the use of alcoholic beverages (PR = 1.7, 95% CI: 1.01-1.13) and the number of repetitions in elbow flexion (PR = 1.01, 95% CI: 1.01-1.05). Additionally, older adults with low mobility had lower height, thigh circumference, and lower performance in handgrip strength tests, elbow flexion, and flexibility. They also spent more time in sedentary behavior and less time in physical activity compared to older adults with preserved mobility ( p  < 0.05)., Conclusion: Older adults with low mobility exhibit poorer values in anthropometric parameters, lower performance in motor tests, spend less time engaged in physical activities, and more time in sedentary behavior., Competing Interests: The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest., (© 2024 The Author(s). Aging Medicine published by Beijing Hospital and John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd.)

A systematic review with meta-analysis following Joanna Briggs Institute recommendations. It aimed to determine the effectiveness of mindfulness for the management of anxiety symptoms in the nursing staff and stress as a secondary outcome. The databases searched were MEDLINE, Embase, LILACS, CINAHL, Web of Science, Scopus and Psycinfo. Search was conducted in October 2022. Independent reviewers used standardized methods to research, track, and code the included studies. Data meta-analysis was performed using random effects models. The Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) was used as an approach to assess the quality and certainty of evidence in research studies. The review examined the effectiveness of mindfulness on nursing staff in 13 studies. The meta-analysis revealed a statistically significant decrease in anxiety and stress after treatment, with an average reduction of 0.36 in anxiety and 0.48 in stress. The results emphasizes the possibility of mindfulness being an effective intervention to the management of anxiety and stress in nursing staff. However, the studies analyzed presented limitations in the design and sampling in the development of the intervention, which impact the conclusive statements about the effectiveness of mindfulness and the generalization of the results. The implications to the nursing field involve adopting evidence-based research and practices to improve the well-being and quality of life of nursing professionals, as well as strengthening the evidence base surrounding mindfulness interventions in nursing practice. This may lead to changes in healthcare policies, care practices, and recognition of the importance of nurses' well-being for effective healthcare delivery., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest I, Karen de Oliveira Santana, the primary author of the manuscript titled “The Effectiveness of Mindfulness for the Management of Anxiety in the Nursing Staff: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis,” declare that neither I nor any of my co-authors, Caroline Figueira Pereira, Manuela Silva Ramos, Roni Robson da Silva, Divane de Vargas, Maria Neyrian de Fátima Fernandes, and Edilaine Cristina da Silva Gherard-Donato, have any conflicts of interest related to the research presented in this manuscript. The authors declare that the Research Project was financed by the São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP, Brazil) granted number 2021/08765-2. There has been no receipt of financial support or other benefits that could be perceived as influencing the conduct or reporting of our research. Moreover, I confirm the originality of the work described in the manuscript, stating that it has not been published elsewhere and is not currently under consideration for publication in any other journal. Any potential conflicts of interest or financial associations that might be perceived as influencing the research are fully disclosed. I assert the accuracy of this declaration and affirm the integrity of the research presented in the manuscript., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

The evapotranspiration tank (TEvap) is a 'zero-discharge' ecotechnology for toilet water disposal. This work refers to a preliminary study to evaluate the influence of forages and the addition of a vertical soil strip on evapotranspiration (ET), electrical conductivity (EC) and pH in TEvap receiving fresh water. The factors studied were the forages and the soil strip, resulting in four treatments with three replications. Two plant growing seasons, cycle 1 and cycle 2, were monitored, during which the variables were measured every three and seven days, respectively. Weather variables were used to estimate the reference evapotranspiration and determine the TEvap coefficient (K TEvap ). The accumulated ET for TEvap with Capiaçu was 27.93% and 45.89% greater than for TEvap cultivated with Tifton-85 during the first and second cycles, respectively. There were no significant differences in ET for TEvap with and without the soil strip. BRS Capiaçu also showed lower values for EC and pH. High values were obtained for K TEvap : 2.37 and 1.76 for TEvap cultivated with BRS Capiaçu and Tifton-85 grass, respectively. Considering the period of this study, the minimum area for 'zero-discharge' would be 5.70 m 2 inhab -1 and 7.77 m 2 inhab -1 by TEvap planted with BRS Capiaçu and Tifton-85 grass, respectively. Due to its greater capacity for evapotranspiration, it can be concluded that the BRS Capiaçu forage is suitable for a 'zero-discharge' constructed wetland systems. It is suggested that further, more-thorough studies be carried out to design a 'zero-discharge' TEvap, considering different weather conditions, crops and inlet toilet water. HIGHLIGHTSEvapotranspiration tank (TEvap) is a 'zero discharge' ecotechnology for disposing toilet water;A preliminary study was conducted to simulate the evapotranspiration in TEvap receiving fresh water;Two forages - Cynodon spp. (Tifton-85 grass) and Pennisetum spp. (BRS Capiaçu) - were cultivated in the tanks;5.70 m 2 inhab -1 were estimated for evapotranspiration with BRS Capiaçu and 7.77 m 2 inhab -1 with Tifton-85 grass.

To assess the prevalence of mental health symptoms in nursing professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic on the American continent. A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies that estimated the prevalence of mental health symptoms in nursing professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic was performed through bibliographic database searches. A three-level meta-analysis model was used with the inverse variance method, tau was estimated via restricted maximum likelihood and logistic transformation, and heterogeneity was presented as tau 2 and I 2 . Of the 7467 studies obtained, 62 were included in the meta-analysis, which involved 52 270 nursing professionals. The overall prevalence for at least one mental health symptom was 56.3% (50.4%, 62.1%; I 2  = 98.6%, p < 0.001). Eight mental health symptoms were found; among them, the most prevalent were burnout (52.1%, 37.1%, 88.8%; I 2  = 98.5%, p < 0.001) and fear (52.1%, 30.1%, 73.3%; I 2  = 98.1%, p < 0.001). The prevalence of mental health symptoms in nursing professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic on the American continent was high, and strategies should be developed and implemented by managers and government agencies to promote the well-being, physical and mental health of nursing professionals. Studies like this one are necessary to highlight the need for efforts in the implementation of promotion and prevention actions to be developed by health organisations, managers and leaders with a view to improving the quality of life of nursing workers., (© 2023 John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd.)

Objectives: To assess the growth of a multispecies biofilm on root canal dentin under different radiotherapy regimens., Materials and Methods: Sixty-three human root dentin cylinders were distributed into six groups. In three groups, no biofilm was formed (n = 3): NoRT) non-irradiated dentin; RT55) 55 Gy; and RT70) 70 Gy. In the other three groups (n = 18), a 21-day multispecies biofilm (Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus mutans, and Candida albicans) was formed in the canal: NoRT + Bio) non-irradiated + biofilm; RT55 + Bio) 55 Gy + biofilm; and RT70 + Bio) 70 Gy + biofilm. The biofilm was quantified (CFUs/mL). Biofilm microstructure was assessed under SEM. Microbial penetration into dentinal tubules was assessed under CLSM. For the biofilm biomass and dentin microhardness pre- and after biofilm growth assessments, 45 bovine dentin specimens were distributed into three groups (n = 15): NoRT) non-irradiated + biofilm; RT55 + Bio) 55 Gy + biofilm; and RT70 + Bio) 70 Gy + biofilm., Results: Irradiated specimens (70 Gy) had higher quantity of microorganisms than non-irradiated (p = .010). There was gradual increase in biofilm biomass from non-irradiated to 55 Gy and 70 Gy (p < .001). Irradiated specimens had greater reduction in microhardness after biofilm growth. Irradiated dentin led to the growth of a more complex and irregular biofilm. There was microbial penetration into the dentinal tubules, regardless of the radiation regimen., Conclusion: Radiotherapy increased the number of microorganisms and biofilm biomass and reduced dentin microhardness. Microbial penetration into dentinal tubules was noticeable., Clinical Relevance: Cumulative and potentially irreversible side effects of radiotherapy affect biofilm growth on root dentin. These changes could compromise the success of endodontic treatment in oncological patients undergoing head and neck radiotherapy., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

The use of lignocellulosic residues, originating from sawdust, in composting sewage sludge for organic fertilizer production, is a practice of growing interest. However, few studies have explored the effect of the proportion of sawdust and sewage sludge raw materials on composting performance in the humification process. This study assessed the addition of sawdust in the sewage sludge composting process, regarding carbon content, presence of heavy metals, and humification of the organic compost. The experimental design employed was a randomized complete block design with five treatments featuring different proportions of organic residues to achieve C/N ratios between 30-1 (T1: 100% sewage sludge and 0% sawdust, T2: 86% sewage sludge and 14.0% sawdust, T3: 67% sewage sludge and 33% sawdust, T4: 55% sewage sludge and 45% sawdust, and T5: 46.5% sewage sludge and 53.5% sawdust) and five replications, totaling 25 experimental units. The addition of lignocellulosic residue in sewage sludge composting increased the levels of TOC and the C/N ratio, reduced the levels of pH, P, N, Na, Ba, and Cr, and did not interfere with the levels of K, Ca, Mg, S, CEC, labile carbon, and metals Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn, Ni, and Pb. The increase in the proportion of sawdust residue favored the degradation of aliphatic groups, increasing the presence of aromatic structures and reducing humification at the end of composting. The use of sawdust as a lignocellulosic residue in sewage sludge composting is a viable and efficient alternative to produce high-quality organomineral fertilizers., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

Purpose: The aim of this multi-center, retrospective/prospective cohort observational study was to evaluate outcomes in routine clinical practice of first-line chemo-immunotherapy with cis/carboplatin, pemetrexed and pembrolizumab in patients with advanced non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in 33 Italian centers., Methods: The outcome measure was to evaluate overall survival (OS) in a real-world patient population. Secondary endpoints were: progression-free survival (PFS), objective response rate (ORR), duration of response (DoR) and incidence of treatment-related adverse events (AEs)., Results: 1068 patients were enrolled at the time of data cut-off (January 31st, 2023), and 812 (76.0%) belonged to the retrospective cohort. Median age was 66 years (27-85), ECOG PS was ≥ 2 in 91 (8.6%) patients; 254 (23.8%) patients had brain metastases at baseline; 38 (3.6%) patients had tumor with PD-L1 expression ≥ 50%. After a median follow-up of 17.0 months (95% CI, 16.1-17.9), median OS was 16.1 months (95% CI, 14.4-18.8) and PFS was 9.9 months (95% CI, 8.8-11.2). Median DoR (n = 493) was 14.7 months (95% CI, 13.6-17.1). ORR was 43.4% (95% CI, 40.4-46.4). Any-grade AEs occurred in 636 (59.6%) patients and grade ≥ 3 in 253 (23.7%) patients. Most common grade ≥ 3 AEs were neutropenia (6.3%) and anemia (6.3%)., Conclusions: First-line chemo-immunotherapy was effective and tolerable in this large, real-world Italian study of patients with advanced non-squamous NSCLC. Our results were in line with the KEYNOTE-189 registration study, also considering the low number of PD-L1 ≥ 50% patients included in our study., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: Lorenzo Belluomini received speakers' fee from Astra-Zeneca, MSD, Roche, BMS, Amgen, Takeda. Emilio Bria has received grants or contracts from Astra-Zeneca, Roche and honoraria for lectures from Merck-Sharp & Dome, Astra-Zeneca, Pfizer, Eli-Lilly, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Novartis, Takeda and Roche. Emilio Bria has been member of Data Safety Monitoring Board or Advisory Board of Merck-Sharp & Dome, Pfizer, Novartis, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Astra-Zeneca, and Roche. Fabrizio Citarella received speakers’ fee from Astra-Zeneca and Novartis. Fabrizio Citarella has received writing support fee from BMS. Alessio Cortellini declares grants for consultancies/advisory boards from MSD, OncoC4, IQVIA, AstraZeneca, Access Infinity, Ardelis Health, Alpha Sight; speaker fees from Astra Zeneca, Eisai, Pierre-Fabre, MSD, Sanofi/REGENERON; writing/editorial activity from BMS and MSD; travel support from Sanofi and MSD. Alain Gelibter has been on advisory board for Astra-Zeneca, MSD, Roche, BMS, Takeda. Alessandro Leonetti received speakers’ fee from Astra-Zeneca, MSD, Roche, Takeda and Sanofi. Alessandro Leonetti has been on advisory board for BeiGene, Sanofi and Novartis. Alessandro Leonetti attended editorial activities sponsored by Roche and Eli Lilly. Alessandro Leonetti received travel support from MSD and Novartis. Francesca Mazzoni has been on advisory board for Roche, MSD, BMS, Astra Zeneca, Takeda, Sanofi and Novartis. Marcello Tiseo received speakers’ and consultants’ fee from Astra-Zeneca, Pfizer, Eli-Lilly, BMS, Novartis, Roche, MSD, Boehringer Ingelheim, Otsuka, Takeda, Pierre Fabre, Amgen, Merck, Sanofi. Marcello Tiseo received institutional research grants from Astra-Zeneca and Boehringer Ingelheim. All remaining authors have declared no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

The objective is to present a clinical case of dental autotransplantation managed with surgery, orthodontics, endodontics, periodontics, and aesthetic rehabilitation. A 10-year-old boy sought treatment after avulsion of the maxillary left central incisor, which was not reimplanted. Based on anamnesis, clinical examination, and complementary examinations, agenesis of the maxillary and mandibular second premolars except the mandibular right second premolar was observed. After a multidisciplinary planning, the space in the maxillary left central incisor region was opened to receive the transplanted mandibular right second premolar. The receptor site was created in a single surgical procedure. Pulp necrosis was noted in the transplanted tooth, which was treated endodontically, and the agenesis spaces were closed using fixed orthodontic appliances. After removing the appliance, gingivectomy with osteotomy was performed in the maxillary right central incisor and the transplanted tooth regions to harmonize the height and shape of the gingival contour. Next, aesthetic readjustment was performed with tooth whitening, using office and home techniques, followed by microabrasion of the vestibular surface of the maxillary right central incisor. Direct composite resin restorations were placed in the maxillary incisors, and the teeth were rehabilitated using incisal and palatal guides. A multidisciplinary approach is essential for reestablishing the function and aesthetics of complex cases involving dental autotransplantation., Competing Interests: None declared., (The Author(s). This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, permitting unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction so long as the original work is properly cited. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).)

Background: Ministerial Decrete 77 (DM 77) promotes dehospitalization for chronic patients and defines out-of-hospital health facilities at this purpose. It has never been investigated how much patients with cancer know and judge this decree law., Material and Methods: The Collegio italiano dei primari oncologi medici ospedalieri (Cipomo) carried out a survey with a dedicated questionnaire on oncological patients attending public hospital to investigate the liking of DM 77., Results: Anonymous responses were obtained from 1.443 patients. Median age 64ys, 42% males, 21% live alone, 70% have a companion. 19% thinks that oral chemotherapy could be managed outside the hospital, 26.68% carried out follow-up (FU),19.15% parenteral therapy, 32.16% basic examinations. Home is preferred by 21.8%, a health facility close to home by 36.3%, hospital by 37.54%. 59.67% would like FU in hospital by their personal oncologist, 5.47% by GP, 35.41% by both together and 9.45% by oncologist outside the hospital. Asked what they might feel about being followed out of the hospital, 29.94% say of not being treated at its best, 12.68% of not being able to be visited in hospital anymore, 5.27% of being abandoned, 30.7% of being freer and 10.88% of feeling less sick. Regarding the use of new technical tools to favor dehospitalisation, 44.15% answered yes, 15.88% no and 30.07% did not know. About the distance or traveling time from home to the therapy administration side, 20.26% answered this should be no more than 15 km or 30 mins, 9.91% no more than 30 km or 45 mins, 5.47% no more than 50 km or 60 mins but 39.5% say that the distance does not matter to them but only the continuity of care. The question related to the inconveniences with going to hospital for therapy: 40.81% waiting time, 20.47% lack of parking, 17.02% rotation of doctors,12.76% travel time and 5.62% bureaucracy., Conclusions: The patients' answers suggest that dehospitalization could improve their quality of life, but at the condition of being able to maintain a close relationship with the personal oncologist.