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1,607 results on '"Silva JC"'

1. Current Challenges in the Management of Chronic Pelvic Pain in Women: From Bench to Bedside

Author

Siqueira-Campos VM, de Deus MSC, Poli-Neto OB, Rosa-e-Silva JC, de Deus JM, and Conde DM

Subjects
central sensitization, chronic pain, neuropathic pain, nociplastic pain, pain neuroscience education., Gynecology and obstetrics, RG1-991
Abstract

Vânia Meira Siqueira-Campos,1 Mariana Siqueira Campos de Deus,1 Omero Benedicto Poli-Neto,2,3 Julio Cesar Rosa-e-Silva,3 José Miguel de Deus,1 Délio Marques Conde1 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil; 2Laboratory for Translational Data Science, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil; 3Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, BrazilCorrespondence: Délio Marques Conde, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Goiás, Rua 235 S/N, Setor Leste Universitário, Goiânia, 74605-050, Goiás, Brazil, Tel +55 62 3209 6151, Email delioconde@gmail.comAbstract: Chronic pelvic pain (CPP) affects a significant proportion of women worldwide And has a negative impact on several aspects of these women’s lives including mental health, work, relationships and sexual function, among others. This set of factors ultimately reflects negatively on quality Of life. The physiopathology of CPP is complex and remains to be fully clarified; however, recent advances have increased understanding of the mechanisms involved in chronic pain in general, and more specifically, CPP. Nonetheless, even when a detailed clinical history is obtained, meticulous physical examination is performed and imaging resources are appropriately used, the organic cause of the pain may still fail to be identified in a substantial number of women with CPP. Management of CPP may therefore be challenging. This narrative review was aimed at adding to the available literature on the subject, presenting and discussing the principal characteristics of CPP in women. The paper highlights gaps in the literature while providing the most up-to-date evidence associated with the physiopathology and classification of pain, its diagnosis and treatment. In addition, current challenges in the management of women with CPP are discussed.Keywords: central sensitization, chronic pain, neuropathic pain, nociplastic pain, pain neuroscience education

Published
2022

8. Prevalence and causes of vision loss in sub-Saharan Africa in 2015: magnitude, temporal trends and projections

Author

Naidoo, Kovin, Kempen, John H, Gichuhi, Stephen, Braithwaite, Tasanee, Casson, Robert J, Cicinelli, Maria Vittoria, Das, Aditi, Flaxman, Seth R, Jonas, Jost B, Keeffe, Jill Elizabeth, Leasher, Janet, Limburg, Hans, Pesudovs, Konrad, Resnikoff, Serge, Silvester, Alexander J, Tahhan, Nina, Taylor, Hugh R, Wong, Tien Y, Bourne, Rupert R A, Vision Loss Expert Group of the Global Burden of Disease Study. Collaborators (Bourne R, Ackland P, Arditi A, Barkana Y, Bozkurt B, Tasanee B, Bron A, Budenz D, Cai F, Casson R, Chakravarthy U, Choi J, Cicinelli MV, Congdon N, Dana R, Dandona R, Dandona L, Das A, Dekaris I, Monte Del Monte MD, Deva J, Dirani M, Dreer L, Ellwein L, Frazier M, Frick K, Friedman D, Furtado J, Gao H, Gazzard A, George R, Gichuhi S, Gonzalez V, Hammond B, Hartnett ME, He M, Hejtmancik J, Hirai F, Huang J, Ingram A, Javitt J, Jonas J, Joslin C, Keeffe J, Kempen J, Khairallah M, Khanna R, Kim J, Lambrou G, Lansingh VC, Lanzetta P, Leasher J, Lim J, Hans L, Mansouri K, Mathew A, Morse A, Munoz B, Musch D, Naidoo K, Nangia V, Maria P, Battaglia Parodi M, Pena FY, Pesudovs K, Peto T, Quigley H, Raju M, Ramulu P, Resnikoff S, Reza D, Robin A, Rossetti L, Saaddine J, Sandar M, Serle J, Shen T, Shetty R, Sieving P, Silva JC, Silvester A, Sitorus RS, Stambolian D, Stevens G, Taylor H, Tejedor J, Tielsch J, Topouzis F, Tsilimbaris M, Meurs JV, Varma R, Virgili G, Volmink J, Wang YX, Ning-Li Wang SW, Wiedemann P, Wong T, Wormald R, Zheng Y, Flaxman S)., Naidoo, Kovin, Kempen, John H, Gichuhi, Stephen, Braithwaite, Tasanee, Casson, Robert J, Cicinelli, Maria Vittoria, Das, Aditi, Flaxman, Seth R, Jonas, Jost B, Keeffe, Jill Elizabeth, Leasher, Janet, Limburg, Han, Pesudovs, Konrad, Resnikoff, Serge, Silvester, Alexander J, Tahhan, Nina, Taylor, Hugh R, Wong, Tien Y, Bourne, Rupert R A, Vision Loss Expert Group of the Global Burden of Disease Study., Collaborators (Bourne R, Ackland, P, Arditi, A, Barkana, Y, Bozkurt, B, Tasanee, B, Bron, A, Budenz, D, Cai, F, Casson, R, Chakravarthy, U, Choi, J, Cicinelli, Mv, Congdon, N, Dana, R, Dandona, R, Dandona, L, Das, A, Dekaris, I, Monte Del Monte, Md, Deva, J, Dirani, M, Dreer, L, Ellwein, L, Frazier, M, Frick, K, Friedman, D, Furtado, J, Gao, H, Gazzard, A, George, R, Gichuhi, S, Gonzalez, V, Hammond, B, Hartnett, Me, He, M, Hejtmancik, J, Hirai, F, Huang, J, Ingram, A, Javitt, J, Jonas, J, Joslin, C, Keeffe, J, Kempen, J, Khairallah, M, Khanna, R, Kim, J, Lambrou, G, Lansingh, Vc, Lanzetta, P, Leasher, J, Lim, J, Hans, L, Mansouri, K, Mathew, A, Morse, A, Munoz, B, Musch, D, Naidoo, K, Nangia, V, Maria, P, Battaglia Parodi, M, Pena, Fy, Pesudovs, K, Peto, T, Quigley, H, Raju, M, Ramulu, P, Resnikoff, S, Reza, D, Robin, A, Rossetti, L, Saaddine, J, Sandar, M, Serle, J, Shen, T, Shetty, R, Sieving, P, Silva, Jc, Silvester, A, Sitorus, R, Stambolian, D, Stevens, G, Taylor, H, Tejedor, J, Tielsch, J, Topouzis, F, Tsilimbaris, M, Meurs, Jv, Varma, R, Virgili, G, Volmink, J, Wang, Yx, Ning-Li Wang, Sw, Wiedemann, P, Wong, T, Wormald, R, Zheng, Y, and Flaxman, S).

Subjects
Refractive error, medicine.medical_specialty, Sub saharan, Visual acuity, Visual Acuity, Glaucoma, Blindness, Cataract, Macular Degeneration, 03 medical and health sciences, Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, 0302 clinical medicine, Epidemiology, Prevalence, Humans, Medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, Africa South of the Sahara, business.industry, public health, Presbyopia, Macular degeneration, Refractive Errors, medicine.disease, Sensory Systems, Ophthalmology, 030221 ophthalmology & optometry, epidemiology, medicine.symptom, business, Visually Impaired Persons, Forecasting, Demography
Abstract

BackgroundThis study aimed to assess the prevalence and causes of vision loss in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) in 2015, compared with prior years, and to estimate expected values for 2020.MethodsA systematic review and meta-analysis assessed the prevalence of blindness (presenting distance visual acuity In SSA, age-standardised prevalence of blindness, MSVI and MVI in 2015 were 1.03% (80% uncertainty interval (UI) 0.39–1.81), 3.64% (80% UI 1.71–5.94) and 2.94% (80% UI 1.05–5.34), respectively, for male and 1.08% (80% UI 0.40–1.93), 3.84% (80% UI 1.72–6.37) and 3.06% (80% UI 1.07–5.61) for females, constituting a significant decrease since 2010 for both genders. There were an estimated 4.28 million blind individuals and 17.36 million individuals with MSVI; 101.08 million individuals were estimated to have near vision loss due to presbyopia. Cataract was the most common cause of blindness (40.1%), whereas undercorrected refractive error (URE) (48.5%) was the most common cause of MSVI. Sub-Saharan West Africa had the highest proportion of blindness compared with the other SSA subregions.ConclusionsCataract and URE, two of the major causes of blindness and vision impairment, are reversible with treatment and thus promising targets to alleviate vision impairment in SSA.

Published
2020
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9. Grand Challenges in global eye health: a global prioritisation process using Delphi method

Author

Ramke, J, Evans, JR, Habtamu, E, Mwangi, N, Silva, JC, Swenor, BK, Congdon, N, Faal, HB, Foster, A, Friedman, DS, Gichuhi, S, Jonas, JB, Khaw, P, Kyari, F, Murthy, GVS, Wang, N, Wong, TY, Wormald, R, Yusufu, M, Taylor, H, Resnikoff, S, West, SK, Burton, MJ, Ramke, J, Evans, JR, Habtamu, E, Mwangi, N, Silva, JC, Swenor, BK, Congdon, N, Faal, HB, Foster, A, Friedman, DS, Gichuhi, S, Jonas, JB, Khaw, P, Kyari, F, Murthy, GVS, Wang, N, Wong, TY, Wormald, R, Yusufu, M, Taylor, H, Resnikoff, S, West, SK, and Burton, MJ

Abstract

BACKGROUND: We undertook a Grand Challenges in Global Eye Health prioritisation exercise to identify the key issues that must be addressed to improve eye health in the context of an ageing population, to eliminate persistent inequities in health-care access, and to mitigate widespread resource limitations. METHODS: Drawing on methods used in previous Grand Challenges studies, we used a multi-step recruitment strategy to assemble a diverse panel of individuals from a range of disciplines relevant to global eye health from all regions globally to participate in a three-round, online, Delphi-like, prioritisation process to nominate and rank challenges in global eye health. Through this process, we developed both global and regional priority lists. FINDINGS: Between Sept 1 and Dec 12, 2019, 470 individuals complete round 1 of the process, of whom 336 completed all three rounds (round 2 between Feb 26 and March 18, 2020, and round 3 between April 2 and April 25, 2020) 156 (46%) of 336 were women, 180 (54%) were men. The proportion of participants who worked in each region ranged from 104 (31%) in sub-Saharan Africa to 21 (6%) in central Europe, eastern Europe, and in central Asia. Of 85 unique challenges identified after round 1, 16 challenges were prioritised at the global level; six focused on detection and treatment of conditions (cataract, refractive error, glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, services for children and screening for early detection), two focused on addressing shortages in human resource capacity, five on other health service and policy factors (including strengthening policies, integration, health information systems, and budget allocation), and three on improving access to care and promoting equity. INTERPRETATION: This list of Grand Challenges serves as a starting point for immediate action by funders to guide investment in research and innovation in eye health. It challenges researchers, clinicians, and policy makers to build collaborations to address

Published
2022

10. Eye health indicators for universal health coverage: results of a global expert prioritisation process

Author

McCormick, I, Mactaggart, I, Resnikoff, S, Muirhead, D, Murthy, G, Silva, JC, Bastawrous, A, Stern, J, Blanchet, K, Wang, N, Yusufu, M, Cooper, A, Gichangi, M, Burton, MJ, Ramke, J, McCormick, I, Mactaggart, I, Resnikoff, S, Muirhead, D, Murthy, G, Silva, JC, Bastawrous, A, Stern, J, Blanchet, K, Wang, N, Yusufu, M, Cooper, A, Gichangi, M, Burton, MJ, and Ramke, J

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: In its recent World Report on Vision, the WHO called for an updated approach to monitor eye health as part of universal health coverage (UHC). This project sought to develop a consensus among eye health experts from all world regions to produce a menu of indicators for countries to monitor eye health within UHC. METHODS: We reviewed the literature to create a long-list of indicators aligned to the conceptual framework for monitoring outlined in WHO's World Report on Vision. We recruited a panel of 72 global eye health experts (40% women) to participate in a two-round, online prioritisation exercise. Two-hundred indicators were presented in Round 1 and participants prioritised each on a 4-point Likert scale. The highest-ranked 95 were presented in Round 2 and were (1) scored against four criteria (feasible, actionable, reliable and internationally comparable) and (2) ranked according to their suitability as a 'core' indicator for collection by all countries. The top 30 indicators ranked by these two parameters were then used as the basis for the steering group to develop a final menu. RESULTS: The menu consists of 22 indicators, including 7 core indicators, that represent important concepts in eye health for 2020 and beyond, and are considered feasible, actionable, reliable and internationally comparable. CONCLUSION: We believe this list can inform the development of new national eye health monitoring frameworks, monitor progress on key challenges to eye health and be considered in broader UHC monitoring indices at national and international levels.

Published
2022

12. 12380 US Evaluation of Endometrial Thickness in Postmenopausal Patients as a Predictor of Endometrial Cancer: Systematic Review & Meta-Analysis.

Author

Peixoto, BG, Garcia, RH, Sanches, TF, Fins, RJP, Costa, FS, Reis, FJC, Herren, H, Poli-Neto, OB, and Rosa-e-Silva, JC

Abstract

Systematic review of the literature in order to obtain the most appropriate endometrial thickness cut-off point for uterine invasive investigation. Systematic review and meta-analysis. Databases evaluation (PUBMED, SCOPUS and EMBASE), with inclusion criteria articles with symptomatic or asymptomatic patients with amenorrhea for more than 12 months, without tamoxifen use, with transvaginal ultrasound evaluation of endometrial thickness and its correlation with the anatomopathological findings of endometrial neoplasm. Methodological quality assessed using the Score of Newcastle – Ottawa tool. The meta-analysis was performed by dividing the groups into symptomatic and asymptomatic patients and the analysis of sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and endometrial thickness cut-off points of endometrial atrophy findings, benign findings or malignant findings was performed. Eligibility criteria were clinical trials and observational studies that contemplated transvaginal ultrasound assessment of endometrial thickness in asymptomatic menopausal patients or postmenopausal vaginal bleeding and correlation with benign or malignant findings identified in invasive procedures of the uterine cavity Not applicable. Thirty one studies eligible for analysis were obtained. Twenty one studies with symptomatic patients, four with asymptomatic patients, three with both and three with patients using hormonal therapy. The results indicate that the endometrial thickness in symptomatic menopausal patients with greater evidence of correlation with neoplastic findings is 5mm, with the sensitivity of 92,9%, specificity 57,5%, positive predictive value 43,0% and negative predictive value 96,0%. No value of endometrial thickness was conclusive for asymptomatic patients or for those using hormone replacement therapy. Further studies are needed to identify an ideal cut-off point for endometrial thickness on transvaginal ultrasound examination to validate endometrial investigation looking for intrauterine neoplasia. In the case of menopausal patients with vaginal bleeding, an endometrial thickness of 5 mm appears to be adequate in identifying patients eligible for invasive uterine investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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13. Causes of blindness and vision impairment in 2020 and trends over 30 years, and prevalence of avoidable blindness in relation to VISION 2020: the Right to Sight: an analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study

Author

Steinmetz, JD, Bourne, RRA, Briant, PS, Flaxman, S, Taylor, HR, Jonas, JB, Abdoli, A, Abrha, WA, Abualhasan, A, Abu-Gharbieh, E, Adal, TG, Afshin, A, Ahmadieh, H, Alemayehu, W, Alemzadeh, SA, Alfaar, AS, Alipour, V, Androudi, S, Arabloo, J, Arditi, A, Aregawi, BB, Arrigo, A, Ashbaugh, C, Ashrafi, E, Atnafu, DD, Bagli, E, Baig, AA, Barnighausen, TW, Parodi, MB, Beheshti, M, Bhagavathula, AS, Bhardwaj, N, Bhardwaj, P, Bhattacharyya, K, Bijani, A, Bikbov, M, Bottone, M, Braithwaite, T, Bron, AM, Nagaraja, SB, Butt, ZA, dos Santos, FLC, Carneiro, VLA, Casson, RJ, Cheng, C-Y, Choi, J-YJ, Chu, D-T, Cicinelli, MV, Coelho, JM, Congdon, NG, Couto, RAS, Cromwell, EA, Dahlawi, SMA, Dai, X, Dana, R, Dandona, L, Dandona, R, Del Monte, MA, Molla, MD, Dervenis, N, Desta, AA, Deva, JP, Diaz, D, Djalalinia, S, Ehrlich, JR, Elayedath, R, Elhabashy, HR, Ellwein, LB, Emamian, MH, Eskandarieh, S, Farzadfar, F, Fernandes, AG, Fischer, F, Friedman, DS, Furtado, JM, Gaidhane, S, Gazzard, G, Gebremichael, B, George, R, Ghashghaee, A, Gilani, SA, Golechha, M, Hamidi, S, Hammond, BR, Hartnett, MER, Hartono, RK, Hashi, A, Hay, S, Hayat, K, Heidari, G, Ho, HC, Holla, R, Househ, M, Huang, JJ, Ibitoye, SE, Ilic, IM, Ilic, MD, Ingram, AD, Irvani, SSN, Islam, SMS, Itumalla, R, Jayaram, S, Jha, RP, Kahloun, R, Kalhor, R, Kandel, H, Kasa, AS, Kavetskyy, T, Kayode, GA, Kempen, JH, Khairallah, M, Khalilov, R, Khan, EA, Khanna, RC, Khatib, MN, Khoja, TAM, Kim, GR, Kim, JE, Kim, YJ, Kisa, A, Kisa, S, Kosen, S, Koyanagi, A, Bicer, BK, Kulkarni, V, Kurmi, OP, Landires, I, Lansingh, VC, Leasher, JL, LeGrand, KE, Leveziel, N, Limburg, H, Liu, X, Kunjathur, SM, Maleki, S, Manafi, N, Mansouri, K, McAlinden, C, Meles, GG, Mersha, AM, Michalek, IM, Miller, TR, Misra, S, Mohammad, Y, Mohammadi, SF, Mohammed, JA, Mokdad, AH, Moni, MA, Al Montasir, A, Morse, AR, Mulaw, GF, Naderi, M, Naderifar, H, Naidoo, KS, Naimzada, MD, Nangia, V, Swamy, SN, Naveed, M, Negash, H, Huong, LTN, Nunez-Samudio, V, Ogbo, FA, Ogundimu, K, Olagunju, AT, Onwujekwe, OE, Otstavnov, N, Owolabi, MO, Pakshir, K, Panda-Jonas, S, Parekh, U, Park, E-C, Pasovic, M, Pawar, S, Pesudovs, K, Peto, T, Pham, HQ, Pinheiro, M, Podder, V, Rahimi-Movaghar, V, Rahman, MHU, Ramulu, PY, Rathi, P, Rawaf, DL, Rawaf, S, Rawal, L, Reinig, N, Renzaho, AMN, Rezapour, A, Robin, AL, Rossetti, L, Sabour, S, Safi, S, Sahebkar, A, Sahraian, MA, Samy, AM, Sathian, B, Saya, GK, Saylan, M, Shaheen, AA, Shaikh, MA, Shen, TT, Shibuya, K, Shiferaw, WS, Shigematsu, M, Shin, JI, Silva, JC, Silvester, A, Singh, JA, Singhal, D, Sitorus, RS, Skiadaresi, E, Skryabin, VY, Skryabina, AA, Soheili, A, Sorrie, MB, Sousa, RARC, Sreeramareddy, CT, Stambolian, D, Tadesse, EG, Tahhan, N, Tareque, MI, Topouzis, F, Bach, XT, Tsegaye, GW, Tsilimbaris, MK, Varma, R, Virgili, G, Vongpradith, A, Vu, GT, Wang, YX, Wang, N, Weldemariam, AH, West, SK, Wondmeneh, TG, Wong, TY, Yaseri, M, Yonemoto, N, Yu, C, Zastrozhin, MS, Zastrozhina, A, Zhang, Z-J, Zimsen, SRM, Resnikoff, S, Vos, T, Steinmetz, JD, Bourne, RRA, Briant, PS, Flaxman, S, Taylor, HR, Jonas, JB, Abdoli, A, Abrha, WA, Abualhasan, A, Abu-Gharbieh, E, Adal, TG, Afshin, A, Ahmadieh, H, Alemayehu, W, Alemzadeh, SA, Alfaar, AS, Alipour, V, Androudi, S, Arabloo, J, Arditi, A, Aregawi, BB, Arrigo, A, Ashbaugh, C, Ashrafi, E, Atnafu, DD, Bagli, E, Baig, AA, Barnighausen, TW, Parodi, MB, Beheshti, M, Bhagavathula, AS, Bhardwaj, N, Bhardwaj, P, Bhattacharyya, K, Bijani, A, Bikbov, M, Bottone, M, Braithwaite, T, Bron, AM, Nagaraja, SB, Butt, ZA, dos Santos, FLC, Carneiro, VLA, Casson, RJ, Cheng, C-Y, Choi, J-YJ, Chu, D-T, Cicinelli, MV, Coelho, JM, Congdon, NG, Couto, RAS, Cromwell, EA, Dahlawi, SMA, Dai, X, Dana, R, Dandona, L, Dandona, R, Del Monte, MA, Molla, MD, Dervenis, N, Desta, AA, Deva, JP, Diaz, D, Djalalinia, S, Ehrlich, JR, Elayedath, R, Elhabashy, HR, Ellwein, LB, Emamian, MH, Eskandarieh, S, Farzadfar, F, Fernandes, AG, Fischer, F, Friedman, DS, Furtado, JM, Gaidhane, S, Gazzard, G, Gebremichael, B, George, R, Ghashghaee, A, Gilani, SA, Golechha, M, Hamidi, S, Hammond, BR, Hartnett, MER, Hartono, RK, Hashi, A, Hay, S, Hayat, K, Heidari, G, Ho, HC, Holla, R, Househ, M, Huang, JJ, Ibitoye, SE, Ilic, IM, Ilic, MD, Ingram, AD, Irvani, SSN, Islam, SMS, Itumalla, R, Jayaram, S, Jha, RP, Kahloun, R, Kalhor, R, Kandel, H, Kasa, AS, Kavetskyy, T, Kayode, GA, Kempen, JH, Khairallah, M, Khalilov, R, Khan, EA, Khanna, RC, Khatib, MN, Khoja, TAM, Kim, GR, Kim, JE, Kim, YJ, Kisa, A, Kisa, S, Kosen, S, Koyanagi, A, Bicer, BK, Kulkarni, V, Kurmi, OP, Landires, I, Lansingh, VC, Leasher, JL, LeGrand, KE, Leveziel, N, Limburg, H, Liu, X, Kunjathur, SM, Maleki, S, Manafi, N, Mansouri, K, McAlinden, C, Meles, GG, Mersha, AM, Michalek, IM, Miller, TR, Misra, S, Mohammad, Y, Mohammadi, SF, Mohammed, JA, Mokdad, AH, Moni, MA, Al Montasir, A, Morse, AR, Mulaw, GF, Naderi, M, Naderifar, H, Naidoo, KS, Naimzada, MD, Nangia, V, Swamy, SN, Naveed, M, Negash, H, Huong, LTN, Nunez-Samudio, V, Ogbo, FA, Ogundimu, K, Olagunju, AT, Onwujekwe, OE, Otstavnov, N, Owolabi, MO, Pakshir, K, Panda-Jonas, S, Parekh, U, Park, E-C, Pasovic, M, Pawar, S, Pesudovs, K, Peto, T, Pham, HQ, Pinheiro, M, Podder, V, Rahimi-Movaghar, V, Rahman, MHU, Ramulu, PY, Rathi, P, Rawaf, DL, Rawaf, S, Rawal, L, Reinig, N, Renzaho, AMN, Rezapour, A, Robin, AL, Rossetti, L, Sabour, S, Safi, S, Sahebkar, A, Sahraian, MA, Samy, AM, Sathian, B, Saya, GK, Saylan, M, Shaheen, AA, Shaikh, MA, Shen, TT, Shibuya, K, Shiferaw, WS, Shigematsu, M, Shin, JI, Silva, JC, Silvester, A, Singh, JA, Singhal, D, Sitorus, RS, Skiadaresi, E, Skryabin, VY, Skryabina, AA, Soheili, A, Sorrie, MB, Sousa, RARC, Sreeramareddy, CT, Stambolian, D, Tadesse, EG, Tahhan, N, Tareque, MI, Topouzis, F, Bach, XT, Tsegaye, GW, Tsilimbaris, MK, Varma, R, Virgili, G, Vongpradith, A, Vu, GT, Wang, YX, Wang, N, Weldemariam, AH, West, SK, Wondmeneh, TG, Wong, TY, Yaseri, M, Yonemoto, N, Yu, C, Zastrozhin, MS, Zastrozhina, A, Zhang, Z-J, Zimsen, SRM, Resnikoff, S, and Vos, T

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Many causes of vision impairment can be prevented or treated. With an ageing global population, the demands for eye health services are increasing. We estimated the prevalence and relative contribution of avoidable causes of blindness and vision impairment globally from 1990 to 2020. We aimed to compare the results with the World Health Assembly Global Action Plan (WHA GAP) target of a 25% global reduction from 2010 to 2019 in avoidable vision impairment, defined as cataract and undercorrected refractive error. METHODS: We did a systematic review and meta-analysis of population-based surveys of eye disease from January, 1980, to October, 2018. We fitted hierarchical models to estimate prevalence (with 95% uncertainty intervals [UIs]) of moderate and severe vision impairment (MSVI; presenting visual acuity from <6/18 to 3/60) and blindness (<3/60 or less than 10° visual field around central fixation) by cause, age, region, and year. Because of data sparsity at younger ages, our analysis focused on adults aged 50 years and older. FINDINGS: Global crude prevalence of avoidable vision impairment and blindness in adults aged 50 years and older did not change between 2010 and 2019 (percentage change -0·2% [95% UI -1·5 to 1·0]; 2019 prevalence 9·58 cases per 1000 people [95% IU 8·51 to 10·8], 2010 prevalence 96·0 cases per 1000 people [86·0 to 107·0]). Age-standardised prevalence of avoidable blindness decreased by -15·4% [-16·8 to -14·3], while avoidable MSVI showed no change (0·5% [-0·8 to 1·6]). However, the number of cases increased for both avoidable blindness (10·8% [8·9 to 12·4]) and MSVI (31·5% [30·0 to 33·1]). The leading global causes of blindness in those aged 50 years and older in 2020 were cataract (15·2 million cases [9% IU 12·7-18·0]), followed by glaucoma (3·6 million cases [2·8-4·4]), undercorrected refractive error (2·3 million cases [1·8-2·8]), age-related macular degeneration (1·8 million cases [1·3-2·4]), and diabetic retinopathy (0·86 mill

Published
2021

14. Keeping an eye on eye care: monitoring progress towards effective coverage

Author

Keel, S, Mueller, A, Block, S, Bourne, R, Burton, MJ, Chatterji, S, He, M, Lansingh, VC, Mathenge, W, Mariotti, S, Muirhead, D, Rabiu, MM, Ravilla, TD, Resnikoff, S, Silva, JC, Tapply, I, Vos, T, Wang, N, Cieza, A, Keel, S, Mueller, A, Block, S, Bourne, R, Burton, MJ, Chatterji, S, He, M, Lansingh, VC, Mathenge, W, Mariotti, S, Muirhead, D, Rabiu, MM, Ravilla, TD, Resnikoff, S, Silva, JC, Tapply, I, Vos, T, Wang, N, and Cieza, A

Abstract

The eye care sector is well positioned to contribute to the advancement of universal health coverage within countries. Given the large unmet need for care associated with cataract and refractive error, coupled with the fact that highly cost-effective interventions exist, we propose that effective cataract surgery coverage (eCSC) and effective refractive error coverage (eREC) serve as ideal indicators to track progress in the uptake and quality of eye care services at the global level, and to monitor progress towards universal health coverage in general. Global targets for 2030 for these two indicators were endorsed by WHO Member States at the 74th World Health Assembly in May, 2021. To develop consensus on the data requirements and methods of calculating eCSC and eREC, WHO convened a series of expert consultations to make recommendations for standardising the definitions and measurement approaches for eCSC and eREC and to identify areas in which future work is required.

Published
2021

16. Trends in prevalence of blindness and distance and near vision impairment over 30 years: an analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study

Author

Bourne, RRA, Steinmetz, JD, Flaxman, S, Briant, PS, Taylor, HR, Resnikoff, S, Casson, RJ, Abdoli, A, Abu-Gharbieh, E, Afshin, A, Ahmadieh, H, Akalu, Y, Alamneh, AA, Alemayehu, W, Alfaar, AS, Alipour, V, Anbesu, EW, Androudi, S, Arabloo, J, Arditi, A, Asaad, M, Bagli, E, Baig, AA, Barnighausen, TW, Parodi, MB, Bhagavathula, AS, Bhardwaj, N, Bhardwaj, P, Bhattacharyya, K, Bijani, A, Bikbov, M, Bottone, M, Braithwaite, T, Bron, AM, Butt, ZA, Cheng, C-Y, Chu, D-T, Cicinelli, MV, Coelho, JM, Dagnew, B, Dai, X, Dana, R, Dandona, L, Dandona, R, Del Monte, MA, Deva, JP, Diaz, D, Djalalinia, S, Dreer, LE, Ehrlich, JR, Ellwein, LB, Emamian, MH, Fernandes, AG, Fischer, F, Friedman, DS, Furtado, JM, Gaidhane, AM, Gaidhane, S, Gazzard, G, Gebremichael, B, George, R, Ghashghaee, A, Golechha, M, Hamidi, S, Hammond, BR, Hartnett, MER, Hartono, RK, Hay, S, Heidari, G, Ho, HC, Chi, LH, Househ, M, Ibitoye, SE, Ilic, IM, Ilic, MD, Ingram, AD, Irvani, SSN, Jha, RP, Kahloun, R, Kandel, H, Kasa, AS, Kempen, JH, Keramati, M, Khairallah, M, Khan, EA, Khanna, RC, Khatib, MN, Kim, JE, Kim, YJ, Kisa, A, Kisa, S, Koyanagi, A, Kurmi, OP, Lansingh, VC, Leasher, JL, Leveziel, N, Limburg, H, Majdan, M, Manafi, N, Mansouri, K, McAlinden, C, Mohammadi, SF, Mohammadian-Hafshejani, A, Mohammadpourhodki, R, Mokdad, AH, Moosavi, D, Morse, AR, Naderi, M, Naidoo, KS, Nangia, V, Cuong, TN, Huong, LTN, Ogundimu, K, Olagunju, AT, Ostroff, SM, Panda-Jonas, S, Pesudovs, K, Peto, T, Syed, ZQ, Rahman, MHU, Ramulu, PY, Rawaf, DL, Rawaf, S, Reinig, N, Robin, AL, Rossetti, L, Safi, S, Sahebkar, A, Samy, AM, Saxena, D, Serle, JB, Shaikh, MA, Shen, TT, Shibuya, K, Shin, JI, Silva, JC, Silvester, A, Singh, JA, Singhal, D, Sitorus, RS, Skiadaresi, E, Skirbekk, V, Soheili, A, Sousa, RARC, Spurlock, EE, Stambolian, D, Taddele, BW, Tadesse, EG, Tahhan, N, Tareque, MI, Topouzis, F, Bach, XT, Travillian, RS, Tsilimbaris, MK, Varma, R, Virgili, G, Wang, N, Wang, YX, West, SK, Wong, TY, Zaidi, Z, Zewdie, KA, Jonas, JB, Vos, T, Bourne, RRA, Steinmetz, JD, Flaxman, S, Briant, PS, Taylor, HR, Resnikoff, S, Casson, RJ, Abdoli, A, Abu-Gharbieh, E, Afshin, A, Ahmadieh, H, Akalu, Y, Alamneh, AA, Alemayehu, W, Alfaar, AS, Alipour, V, Anbesu, EW, Androudi, S, Arabloo, J, Arditi, A, Asaad, M, Bagli, E, Baig, AA, Barnighausen, TW, Parodi, MB, Bhagavathula, AS, Bhardwaj, N, Bhardwaj, P, Bhattacharyya, K, Bijani, A, Bikbov, M, Bottone, M, Braithwaite, T, Bron, AM, Butt, ZA, Cheng, C-Y, Chu, D-T, Cicinelli, MV, Coelho, JM, Dagnew, B, Dai, X, Dana, R, Dandona, L, Dandona, R, Del Monte, MA, Deva, JP, Diaz, D, Djalalinia, S, Dreer, LE, Ehrlich, JR, Ellwein, LB, Emamian, MH, Fernandes, AG, Fischer, F, Friedman, DS, Furtado, JM, Gaidhane, AM, Gaidhane, S, Gazzard, G, Gebremichael, B, George, R, Ghashghaee, A, Golechha, M, Hamidi, S, Hammond, BR, Hartnett, MER, Hartono, RK, Hay, S, Heidari, G, Ho, HC, Chi, LH, Househ, M, Ibitoye, SE, Ilic, IM, Ilic, MD, Ingram, AD, Irvani, SSN, Jha, RP, Kahloun, R, Kandel, H, Kasa, AS, Kempen, JH, Keramati, M, Khairallah, M, Khan, EA, Khanna, RC, Khatib, MN, Kim, JE, Kim, YJ, Kisa, A, Kisa, S, Koyanagi, A, Kurmi, OP, Lansingh, VC, Leasher, JL, Leveziel, N, Limburg, H, Majdan, M, Manafi, N, Mansouri, K, McAlinden, C, Mohammadi, SF, Mohammadian-Hafshejani, A, Mohammadpourhodki, R, Mokdad, AH, Moosavi, D, Morse, AR, Naderi, M, Naidoo, KS, Nangia, V, Cuong, TN, Huong, LTN, Ogundimu, K, Olagunju, AT, Ostroff, SM, Panda-Jonas, S, Pesudovs, K, Peto, T, Syed, ZQ, Rahman, MHU, Ramulu, PY, Rawaf, DL, Rawaf, S, Reinig, N, Robin, AL, Rossetti, L, Safi, S, Sahebkar, A, Samy, AM, Saxena, D, Serle, JB, Shaikh, MA, Shen, TT, Shibuya, K, Shin, JI, Silva, JC, Silvester, A, Singh, JA, Singhal, D, Sitorus, RS, Skiadaresi, E, Skirbekk, V, Soheili, A, Sousa, RARC, Spurlock, EE, Stambolian, D, Taddele, BW, Tadesse, EG, Tahhan, N, Tareque, MI, Topouzis, F, Bach, XT, Travillian, RS, Tsilimbaris, MK, Varma, R, Virgili, G, Wang, N, Wang, YX, West, SK, Wong, TY, Zaidi, Z, Zewdie, KA, Jonas, JB, and Vos, T

Abstract

BACKGROUND: To contribute to the WHO initiative, VISION 2020: The Right to Sight, an assessment of global vision impairment in 2020 and temporal change is needed. We aimed to extensively update estimates of global vision loss burden, presenting estimates for 2020, temporal change over three decades between 1990-2020, and forecasts for 2050. METHODS: We did a systematic review and meta-analysis of population-based surveys of eye disease from January, 1980, to October, 2018. Only studies with samples representative of the population and with clearly defined visual acuity testing protocols were included. We fitted hierarchical models to estimate 2020 prevalence (with 95% uncertainty intervals [UIs]) of mild vision impairment (presenting visual acuity ≥6/18 and <6/12), moderate and severe vision impairment (<6/18 to 3/60), and blindness (<3/60 or less than 10° visual field around central fixation); and vision impairment from uncorrected presbyopia (presenting near vision

Published
2021

17. The Lancet Global Health Commission on Global Eye Health: vision beyond 2020

Author

Burton, MJ, Ramke, J, Marques, AP, Bourne, RRA, Congdon, N, Jones, I, Tong, BAMA, Arunga, S, Bachani, D, Bascaran, C, Bastawrous, A, Blanchet, K, Braithwaite, T, Buchan, JC, Cairns, J, Cama, A, Chagunda, M, Chuluunkhuu, C, Cooper, A, Crofts-Lawrence, J, Dean, WH, Denniston, AK, Ehrlich, JR, Emerson, PM, Evans, JR, Frick, KD, Friedman, DS, Furtado, JM, Gichangi, MM, Gichuhi, S, Gilbert, SS, Gurung, R, Habtamu, E, Holland, P, Jonas, JB, Keane, PA, Keay, L, Khanna, RC, Khaw, PT, Kuper, H, Kyari, F, Lansingh, VC, Mactaggart, I, Mafwiri, MM, Mathenge, W, McCormick, I, Morjaria, P, Mowatt, L, Muirhead, D, Murthy, GVS, Mwangi, N, Patel, DB, Peto, T, Qureshi, BM, Salomao, SR, Sarah, V, Shilio, BR, Solomon, AW, Swenor, BK, Taylor, HR, Wang, N, Webson, A, West, SK, Wong, TY, Wormald, R, Yasmin, S, Yusufu, M, Silva, JC, Resnikoff, S, Ravilla, T, Gilbert, CE, Foster, A, Faal, HB, Burton, MJ, Ramke, J, Marques, AP, Bourne, RRA, Congdon, N, Jones, I, Tong, BAMA, Arunga, S, Bachani, D, Bascaran, C, Bastawrous, A, Blanchet, K, Braithwaite, T, Buchan, JC, Cairns, J, Cama, A, Chagunda, M, Chuluunkhuu, C, Cooper, A, Crofts-Lawrence, J, Dean, WH, Denniston, AK, Ehrlich, JR, Emerson, PM, Evans, JR, Frick, KD, Friedman, DS, Furtado, JM, Gichangi, MM, Gichuhi, S, Gilbert, SS, Gurung, R, Habtamu, E, Holland, P, Jonas, JB, Keane, PA, Keay, L, Khanna, RC, Khaw, PT, Kuper, H, Kyari, F, Lansingh, VC, Mactaggart, I, Mafwiri, MM, Mathenge, W, McCormick, I, Morjaria, P, Mowatt, L, Muirhead, D, Murthy, GVS, Mwangi, N, Patel, DB, Peto, T, Qureshi, BM, Salomao, SR, Sarah, V, Shilio, BR, Solomon, AW, Swenor, BK, Taylor, HR, Wang, N, Webson, A, West, SK, Wong, TY, Wormald, R, Yasmin, S, Yusufu, M, Silva, JC, Resnikoff, S, Ravilla, T, Gilbert, CE, Foster, A, and Faal, HB

Published
2021

18. Whole-genome analysis of Malawian Plasmodium falciparum isolates identifies possible targets of allele-specific immunity to clinical malaria

Author

Clark, TG, Shah, Z, Naung, MT, Moser, KA, Adams, M, Buchwald, AG, Dwivedi, A, Ouattara, A, Seydel, KB, Mathanga, DP, Barry, AE, Serre, D, Laufer, MK, Silva, JC, Takala-Harrison, S, Clark, TG, Shah, Z, Naung, MT, Moser, KA, Adams, M, Buchwald, AG, Dwivedi, A, Ouattara, A, Seydel, KB, Mathanga, DP, Barry, AE, Serre, D, Laufer, MK, Silva, JC, and Takala-Harrison, S

Abstract

Individuals acquire immunity to clinical malaria after repeated Plasmodium falciparum infections. Immunity to disease is thought to reflect the acquisition of a repertoire of responses to multiple alleles in diverse parasite antigens. In previous studies, we identified polymorphic sites within individual antigens that are associated with parasite immune evasion by examining antigen allele dynamics in individuals followed longitudinally. Here we expand this approach by analyzing genome-wide polymorphisms using whole genome sequence data from 140 parasite isolates representing malaria cases from a longitudinal study in Malawi and identify 25 genes that encode possible targets of naturally acquired immunity that should be validated immunologically and further characterized for their potential as vaccine candidates.

Published
2021

19. Conduction disturbances after TAVR - a 1-year follow-up

Author

Alves Pinto, R, primary, Proenca, T, additional, Martins Carvalho, M, additional, Torres, S, additional, Grilo, PD, additional, Resende, CX, additional, Amador, AF, additional, Calvao, J, additional, Costa, C, additional, Oliveira, S, additional, Pestana, G, additional, Lebreiro, A, additional, Silva, JC, additional, Adao, L, additional, and Macedo, F, additional

Published
2021
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21. Evaluation Of Colorectal Polypectomy Practices In Portugal – A Nationwide Survey From A Western Europe Country

Author

Dantas, E, additional, Coelho, M, additional, Sequeira, C, additional, Santos, I, additional, Simões, G, additional, Currais, P, additional, Félix, C, additional, Laranjo, A, additional, Gago, T, additional, Roseira, J, additional, Gouveia, C, additional, Reis, D, additional, Alexandrino, G, additional, Leal, C, additional, Morais, R, additional, Flor de Lima, M, additional, Pereira, F, additional, Guedes, T, additional, Magno Pereira, V, additional, Silva, JC, additional, Taveira, F, additional, Bento-Miranda, M, additional, Libânio, D, additional, Brito, M, additional, Antunes, P, additional, Pires, F, additional, Cardoso, C, additional, Cremers, I, additional, and Oliveira, AP, additional

Published
2021
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32. Inequality in the distribution of ear, nose and throat specialists in 15 Latin American countries: an ecological study

Author

Bright, T, Mujica, OJ, Ramke, J, Moreno, CM, Der, C, Melendez, A, Ovares, EL, Sandoval Domingues, EI, Hernandez, DJS, Chadha, S, Silva, JC, Penaranda, A, Bright, T, Mujica, OJ, Ramke, J, Moreno, CM, Der, C, Melendez, A, Ovares, EL, Sandoval Domingues, EI, Hernandez, DJS, Chadha, S, Silva, JC, and Penaranda, A

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To explore sociogeographical inequalities in the availability and distribution of ear, nose and throat specialists (ENTs) in 15 Latin American (LA) countries. DESIGN: Ecological. SETTING: Spanish and Portuguese-speaking countries of LA.The number of registered ENTs in 2017 was obtained from the National ENT Society in each country. OUTCOME MEASURES: The ENT rate/million population was calculated at the national and subnational (eg, state) level. Three measures were calculated to assess subnational distributive inequality of ENTs: (1) absolute and (2) relative index of dissimilarity; and (3) concentration index (using the Human Development Index as the equity stratifier). Finally, the ratio of ENTs/million population in the capital area compared with the rest of the country was calculated. RESULTS: There was more than a 30-fold difference in the number of ENTs/million population across the included countries-from 61.0 in Argentina (95% CI 58.7 to 63.4) to 2.8 in Guatemala (95% CI 2.1 to 3.8). In all countries, ENTs were more prevalent in advantaged areas and in capital areas. To attain distributive equality, Paraguay would need to redistribute the greatest proportion of its ENT workforce (67.3%; 95% CI 57.8% to 75.6%) and Brazil the least (18.5%; 95% CI 17.6% to 19.5%). CONCLUSIONS: There is high inequality in the number and distribution of ENTs between and within the 15 studied countries in LA. This evidence can be used to inform policies that improve access to ear and hearing services in the region, such as scale-up of training of ENTs and incentives to distribute specialists equally. These actions to reduce inequities, alongside addressing the social determinants of ear and hearing health, are essential to realise Universal Health Coverage.

Published
2019

41. Optical fiber bragg grating instrumentation applied to horse gait detection

Author

Galvao, JR, Biffe Di Renzo, A, Esber Schaphauser, P, Dutra, G, Dreyer, UJ, Kalinowski, A, Canning, J, Zamarreno, CR, Cardozo Da Silva, JC, Martelli, C, Galvao, JR, Biffe Di Renzo, A, Esber Schaphauser, P, Dutra, G, Dreyer, UJ, Kalinowski, A, Canning, J, Zamarreno, CR, Cardozo Da Silva, JC, and Martelli, C

Abstract

© 2001-2012 IEEE. This paper presents two in vivo instrumentation techniques to study the different types of gait of horses performing athletics using fiber Bragg gratings (FBG). These techniques can be used as an auxiliary tool in the early diagnosis of injuries related to the horse's locomotor system, mainly in the distal portion of the digit, one of the most common causes of retirement when they are athletes. Therefore, the first technique presented consists of the fixation of FBGs without encapsulation, directly on the dorsal wall of the hoof in each of the limbs. In the second technique presented, the FBG sensor is encapsulated in a prototype developed using a composite material reinforced with carbon fiber in a horseshoe shape. The second technique is associated with digital image processing (DIP) for better visualization of the deformation and compression forces that act upon the limbs. The first method showed sensitivity to detection of the digit compression against the ground, being able to identify walking patterns. The second technique, with the encapsulated sensor elements, also allows the capture of characteristic signals of gait, such as step walk, trot, and gallop under training conditions. Both, FBG sensor interrogation and DIP, analysis techniques have proven good performance and promising results for the clinical and biomechanical study and medical evaluations of horses even during dynamic training and competitions.

Published
2018

42. Reprogramming human cells to naïve pluripotency: how close are we?

Author

Rebelo Da Silva, JC, Bates, L, Rebelo Da Silva, Jose [0000-0001-5487-1117], Bates, Lawrence [0000-0002-2675-309X], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository

Subjects
StemCellInstitute
Abstract

Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) have the potential to revolutionize biomedical science; however, while it is simple to reproducibly obtain comparable, stable cell lines in mouse, those produced from human material typically show significant variability both within and between cell lines. This is likely due to differences in the cell identity of conventional mouse and human PSCs. It is hoped that recently identified conditions to reprogram human cells to a naïve-like state will produce better PSCs resulting in reproducible experimental outcomes and more consistent differentiation protocols. In this review we discuss the latest literature on the discovery of human naïve-like stem cells and examine how similar they are to both mouse naïve cells and the preimplantation human epiblast.

Published
2017

46. WHAT IMPROVED AND WHAT REMAINS TO BE ACHIEVED IN ORDER TO COMPLY WITH THE NEW RECOMMENDATIONS OF POLYPECTOMY BY THE EUROPEAN SOCIETY OF GASTROINTESTINAL ENDOSCOPY

Author

Pereira Rodrigues, J, additional, Pinho, R, additional, Alberto, L, additional, Rodrigues, A, additional, Proença, L, additional, Freitas, T, additional, Silva, AP, additional, Fernandes, S, additional, Leite, S, additional, Silva, J, additional, Ponte, A, additional, Sousa, M, additional, Silva, JC, additional, and Carvalho, J, additional

Published
2018
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49. Magnitude, temporal trends, and projections of the global prevalence of blindness and distance and near vision impairment: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Author

Bourne, RRA, Flaxman, SR, Braithwaite, T, Cicinelli, MV, Das, A, Jonas, JB, Keeffe, J, Kempen, JH, Leasher, J, Limburg, H, Naidoo, K, Pesudovs, K, Resnikoff, S, Silvester, A, Stevens, GA, Tahhan, N, Wong, TY, Taylor, HR, Ackland, P, Arditi, A, Barkana, Y, Bozkurt, B, Wormald, R, Bron, A, Budenz, D, Cai, F, Casson, R, Chakravarthy, U, Congdon, N, Peto, T, Choi, J, Dana, R, Palaiou, M, Dandona, R, Dandona, L, Shen, T, Dekaris, I, Del Monte, M, Deva, J, Dreer, L, Frazier, M, Ellwein, L, Hejtmancik, J, Frick, K, Friedman, D, Javitt, J, Munoz, B, Quigley, H, Ramulu, P, Robin, A, Tielsch, J, West, S, Furtado, J, Gao, H, Gazzard, G, George, R, Gichuhi, S, Gonzalez, V, Hammond, B, Hartnett, ME, He, M, Hirai, F, Huang, J, Ingram, A, Joslin, C, Khanna, R, Stambolian, D, Khairallah, M, Kim, J, Lambrou, G, Lansingh, VC, Lanzetta, P, Lim, J, Mansouri, K, Mathew, A, Morse, A, Musch, D, Nangia, V, Battaglia, M, Yaacov, F, Raju, M, Rossetti, L, Saaddine, J, Sandar, M, Serle, J, Shetty, R, Sieving, P, Silva, JC, Sitorus, RS, Tejedor, J, Tsilimbaris, M, Bourne, RRA, Flaxman, SR, Braithwaite, T, Cicinelli, MV, Das, A, Jonas, JB, Keeffe, J, Kempen, JH, Leasher, J, Limburg, H, Naidoo, K, Pesudovs, K, Resnikoff, S, Silvester, A, Stevens, GA, Tahhan, N, Wong, TY, Taylor, HR, Ackland, P, Arditi, A, Barkana, Y, Bozkurt, B, Wormald, R, Bron, A, Budenz, D, Cai, F, Casson, R, Chakravarthy, U, Congdon, N, Peto, T, Choi, J, Dana, R, Palaiou, M, Dandona, R, Dandona, L, Shen, T, Dekaris, I, Del Monte, M, Deva, J, Dreer, L, Frazier, M, Ellwein, L, Hejtmancik, J, Frick, K, Friedman, D, Javitt, J, Munoz, B, Quigley, H, Ramulu, P, Robin, A, Tielsch, J, West, S, Furtado, J, Gao, H, Gazzard, G, George, R, Gichuhi, S, Gonzalez, V, Hammond, B, Hartnett, ME, He, M, Hirai, F, Huang, J, Ingram, A, Joslin, C, Khanna, R, Stambolian, D, Khairallah, M, Kim, J, Lambrou, G, Lansingh, VC, Lanzetta, P, Lim, J, Mansouri, K, Mathew, A, Morse, A, Musch, D, Nangia, V, Battaglia, M, Yaacov, F, Raju, M, Rossetti, L, Saaddine, J, Sandar, M, Serle, J, Shetty, R, Sieving, P, Silva, JC, Sitorus, RS, Tejedor, J, and Tsilimbaris, M

Abstract

© 2017 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license Background Global and regional prevalence estimates for blindness and vision impairment are important for the development of public health policies. We aimed to provide global estimates, trends, and projections of global blindness and vision impairment. Methods We did a systematic review and meta-analysis of population-based datasets relevant to global vision impairment and blindness that were published between 1980 and 2015. We fitted hierarchical models to estimate the prevalence (by age, country, and sex), in 2015, of mild visual impairment (presenting visual acuity worse than 6/12 to 6/18 inclusive), moderate to severe visual impairment (presenting visual acuity worse than 6/18 to 3/60 inclusive), blindness (presenting visual acuity worse than 3/60), and functional presbyopia (defined as presenting near vision worse than N6 or N8 at 40 cm when best-corrected distance visual acuity was better than 6/12). Findings Globally, of the 7·33 billion people alive in 2015, an estimated 36·0 million (80% uncertainty interval [UI] 12·9–65·4) were blind (crude prevalence 0·48%; 80% UI 0·17–0·87; 56% female), 216·6 million (80% UI 98·5–359·1) people had moderate to severe visual impairment (2·95%, 80% UI 1·34–4·89; 55% female), and 188·5 million (80% UI 64·5–350·2) had mild visual impairment (2·57%, 80% UI 0·88–4·77; 54% female). Functional presbyopia affected an estimated 1094·7 million (80% UI 581·1–1686·5) people aged 35 years and older, with 666·7 million (80% UI 364·9–997·6) being aged 50 years or older. The estimated number of blind people increased by 17·6%, from 30·6 million (80% UI 9·9–57·3) in 1990 to 36·0 million (80% UI 12·9–65·4) in 2015. This change was attributable to three factors, namely an increase because of population growth (38·4%), population ageing after accounting for population growth (34·6%), and reduction in age-specific prevalence (−36·7%). T

Published
2017

50. Global causes of blindness and distance vision impairment 1990–2020: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Author

Flaxman, SR, Bourne, RRA, Resnikoff, S, Ackland, P, Braithwaite, T, Cicinelli, MV, Das, A, Jonas, JB, Keeffe, J, Kempen, JH, Leasher, J, Limburg, H, Naidoo, K, Pesudovs, K, Silvester, A, Stevens, GA, Tahhan, N, Wong, TY, Taylor, HR, Arditi, A, Barkana, Y, Bozkurt, B, Bron, A, Budenz, D, Cai, F, Casson, R, Chakravarthy, U, Choi, J, Congdon, N, Dana, R, Dandona, R, Dandona, L, Dekaris, I, Del Monte, M, Deva, J, Dreer, L, Ellwein, L, Frazier, M, Frick, K, Friedman, D, Furtado, J, Gao, H, Gazzard, G, George, R, Gichuhi, S, Gonzalez, V, Hammond, B, Hartnett, ME, He, M, Hejtmancik, J, Hirai, F, Huang, J, Ingram, A, Javitt, J, Joslin, C, Khairallah, M, Khanna, R, Kim, J, Lambrou, G, Lansingh, VC, Lanzetta, P, Lim, J, Mansouri, K, Mathew, A, Morse, A, Munoz, B, Musch, D, Nangia, V, Palaiou, M, Parodi, MB, Pena, FY, Peto, T, Quigley, H, Raju, M, Ramulu, P, Reza, D, Robin, A, Rossetti, L, Saaddine, J, Sandar, M, Serle, J, Shen, T, Shetty, R, Sieving, P, Silva, JC, Sitorus, RS, Stambolian, D, Tejedor, J, Tielsch, J, Tsilimbaris, M, van Meurs, J, Flaxman, SR, Bourne, RRA, Resnikoff, S, Ackland, P, Braithwaite, T, Cicinelli, MV, Das, A, Jonas, JB, Keeffe, J, Kempen, JH, Leasher, J, Limburg, H, Naidoo, K, Pesudovs, K, Silvester, A, Stevens, GA, Tahhan, N, Wong, TY, Taylor, HR, Arditi, A, Barkana, Y, Bozkurt, B, Bron, A, Budenz, D, Cai, F, Casson, R, Chakravarthy, U, Choi, J, Congdon, N, Dana, R, Dandona, R, Dandona, L, Dekaris, I, Del Monte, M, Deva, J, Dreer, L, Ellwein, L, Frazier, M, Frick, K, Friedman, D, Furtado, J, Gao, H, Gazzard, G, George, R, Gichuhi, S, Gonzalez, V, Hammond, B, Hartnett, ME, He, M, Hejtmancik, J, Hirai, F, Huang, J, Ingram, A, Javitt, J, Joslin, C, Khairallah, M, Khanna, R, Kim, J, Lambrou, G, Lansingh, VC, Lanzetta, P, Lim, J, Mansouri, K, Mathew, A, Morse, A, Munoz, B, Musch, D, Nangia, V, Palaiou, M, Parodi, MB, Pena, FY, Peto, T, Quigley, H, Raju, M, Ramulu, P, Reza, D, Robin, A, Rossetti, L, Saaddine, J, Sandar, M, Serle, J, Shen, T, Shetty, R, Sieving, P, Silva, JC, Sitorus, RS, Stambolian, D, Tejedor, J, Tielsch, J, Tsilimbaris, M, and van Meurs, J

Abstract

© 2017 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license Background Contemporary data for causes of vision impairment and blindness form an important basis of recommendations in public health policies. Refreshment of the Global Vision Database with recently published data sources permitted modelling of cause of vision loss data from 1990 to 2015, further disaggregation by cause, and forecasts to 2020. Methods In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we analysed published and unpublished population-based data for the causes of vision impairment and blindness from 1980 to 2014. We identified population-based studies published before July 8, 2014, by searching online databases with no language restrictions (MEDLINE from Jan 1, 1946, and Embase from Jan 1, 1974, and the WHO Library Database). We fitted a series of regression models to estimate the proportion of moderate or severe vision impairment (defined as presenting visual acuity of <6/18 but ≥3/60 in the better eye) and blindness (presenting visual acuity of <3/60 in the better eye) by cause, age, region, and year. Findings We identified 288 studies of 3 983 541 participants contributing data from 98 countries. Among the global population with moderate or severe vision impairment in 2015 (216·6 million [80% uncertainty interval 98·5 million to 359·1 million]), the leading causes were uncorrected refractive error (116·3 million [49·4 million to 202·1 million]), cataract (52·6 million [18·2 million to 109·6 million]), age-related macular degeneration (8·4 million [0·9 million to 29·5 million]), glaucoma (4·0 million [0·6 million to 13·3 million]), and diabetic retinopathy (2·6 million [0·2 million to 9·9 million]). Among the global population who were blind in 2015 (36·0 million [12·9 million to 65·4 million]), the leading causes were cataract (12·6 million [3·4 million to 28·7 million]), uncorrected refractive error (7·4 million [2·4 million to 14·8 million]), a

Published
2017

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