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The aims of this work were to re-describe all parasitic stages of Rhipicephalus sanguineussensu stricto, to select and deposit a neotype, and to characterize some of its diagnostic molecular traits. A male of R. sanguineuss.s. collected in Montpellier, France, was designated as neotype. The diagnostic characters unique to the male of R. sanguineuss.s. are: spiracular plateelongated and subtriangular in shape with a dorsal prolongation narrow and usually visible dorsally, with the dorsal prolongation narrower than the width of the adjacent festoon; punctations of the scutummoderate in number and unequal in size; marginal groove conspicuous, deep and punctate; posteromedian groove distinct and elongated, and posterolateral grooves often sub-circular, shorter than posteromedian groove; adanal plates long, wide, and subtriangular in shape, with a clear concavity in its inner margin and posterior margin broadly rounded or truncated; accessory adanal plates with the posterior end pointed, narrower than the width of adjacent festoon. The female of R. sanguineuss.s. can be diagnosed by a combination of broadly U-shaped genital aperture, spiracular platewith a narrow dorsal prolongation visible dorsally, basis capitulihexagonal with broad lateral angles, and scutumbarely longer than broad with posterior margin sinuous and punctations moderate in number and unequal in size, larger and more numerous along cervical fields. The nymph has a basis capitulisub-triangular dorsally with lateral angles slightly curved and presence of ventral processes, scutumapproximately as long as broad with lateral margins nearly straights, posterior margin broadly rounded, and cervical grooves short and sigmoid in shape extending posteriorly to the level of the eyes. The larva is characterized by basis capitulibroader than long with lateral angles short and slightly curved and with posterior margin slightly convex, cervical grooves short, shallow and subparallel, and scutumalmost twice broader than long. The phylogenetic analysis of DNA sequences support R. sanguineuss.s. as a well-defined taxon when compared with other species of the R. sanguineusgroup: R. turanicuss.s., R. camicasi, R. guilhoni, R. sulcatus, R. pusillus, R. rossicusand R. leporis. Molecularly R. sanguineuss.s. also encompasses the so-called “temperate lineage” from the New World (Argentina, southern Brazil, Chile, Uruguay, and USA). The evidence currently available supports the presence of R. sanguineuss.s. in Europe (France, Italy, Spain, Switzerland and Portugal) and America (Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Uruguay and U.S.A.), but further studies are needed to determine the exact geographic range of this taxon.