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A crescente demanda por informações sobre a dinâmica de uso das terras e da atividade agrícola na Amazônia, exige um esforço para que novos estudos sejam realizados. Este trabalho teve por objetivo propor uma metodologia para o mapeamento de pequenos cultivos de cacau, bem como discutir as relações espaciais dos mesmos no contexto do município de Tomé-Açu, Estado do Pará. Para isso, foi construída uma base de dados na plataforma QGIS, destinada à manipulação e à análise de dados georreferenciados. O mapeamento dos cultivos de cacau considerou mosaico de imagens PlanetScope, bandas 1, 2 e 3, ano de 2017, com resolução espacial de 3 m. As imagens foram classificadas por análise visual preliminar, considerando padrões espaciais e espectrais. O produto obtido foi refinado posteriormente a partir de mapeamentos participativos com atores locais. Verificou-se que as áreas com cacau se concentram em propriedades de até 50 ha, valor este relativo ao módulo fiscal definido para a área de estudo. Foram registrados quase 4 mil hectares de cultivos de cacau no ano de 2017. Os plantios de cacau estão concentrados próximos à malha viária, em áreas agrícolas consolidadas, distantes das frentes pioneiras de expansão agrícola. Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-20T11:01:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 10551-39653-2-PB.pdf: 582937 bytes, checksum: 04744b89aa86544f6400037dec90e224 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2021

Resumo: O tratamento de sementes com microrganismos visando promoção de crescimento e controle de Fusarium verticillioides é uma tecnologia que poderá ser utilizada para ampliar a sustentabilidade da cultura do milho. Para tanto, estudos com a utilização de microrganismos para tratamento de sementes visando ao controle de F. verticillioides e promoção de crescimento vegetal em milho são necessários para o desenvolvimento de bioprodutos. Onze isolados de Bacillus spp. foram testados quanto às características bioquímicas relacionadas com promoção de crescimento (produção de ácido cianídrico, ácido indolacético, sideroforos e catalase; solubilização de fosfato e assimilação de nitrogênio). Ainda in vitro foi avaliada a habilidade dos isolados de Bacillus em inibir o crescimento micelial e a germinação de conídios de F. verticillioides. Em casa de vegetação foi avaliado o efeito dos isolados de Bacillus spp. na promoção de crescimento e no controle de F. verticillioides em duas variedades de milho. Bacillus velezensis AP03 e Bacillus sp. AP-210, não somente inibiram o crescimento micelial e a germinação de esporos, mas também promoveram o crescimento das plantas e controlaram F. verticillioides em sementes de milho em condições de casa de vegetação. -- Abastract: Seed treatment with microorganisms aiming to promote plant growth and Fusarium verticillioides control is a technology that can be used to improve the sustainability of corn crops. Therefore, studying the use of microorganisms for seed treatment with the aim of controlling F. verticillioides and promoting plant growth in corn is necessary for the development of bioproducts. Eleven isolates of Bacillus spp. were tested for their biochemical characteristics related to growth promotion (production of hydrocyanic acid, indoleacetic acid, siderophores and catalase; phosphate solubilization, and nitrogen assimilation). Also in vitro, the ability of Bacillus isolates to inhibit F. verticillioides mycelial growth and conidial germination was assessed. In a greenhouse, the effect of the isolates of Bacillus spp. was evaluated on growth promotion and F. verticillioides control in two varieties of corn. Bacillus velezensis AP-03 and Bacillus sp. AP-210 not only inhibited mycelial growth and spore germination, but also promoted plant growth and controlled F. verticillioides in corn seeds under greenhouse conditions. Made available in DSpace on 2022-03-11T16:00:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Bettiol-Potencial-bacillus-2021.pdf: 472886 bytes, checksum: e8cc7e156a1db2a3745353febb324e94 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2021

Made available in DSpace on 2022-05-01T15:13:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2022-04-01 Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of supplementation (3 g/kg BW) of RUP rumen undegradable protein (RUP) with different amino acid profile on the intake, rumen fermentation parameters, total-tract apparent digestibility, nitrogen balance, and performance of beef cattle grazing pasture in the rainy season. Two experiments were carried out simultaneously to evaluated intake and metabolism parameters (Exp.1) and animal performance (Exp.2). Exp.1 lasted 84 days and 9 castrated Nellore steers cannulated in the rumen and duodenum (18 ± 2 months old and 350 ± 78 kg initial BW) were assigned in 3 simultaneous 3 × 3 Latin squares design. Exp.2 lasted 112 days and 96 young Nellore bulls (12 ± 3 months old and 240 ± 19 kg initial BW) were assigned in a randomized block design. Animals were kept on pasture of Urochloa brizantha cv. Xaraés (CP = 12.3%), in continuous grazing and put and take method. The treatments were: 1) mineral supplementation (MS; ad libitum), 2) RUP supplementation with corn gluten meal 60 (CGM; 3 g/kg of body weight [BW] per day), and 3) RUP supplementation with protected soybean meal (PSBM; 3 g/kg of BW per day). The supplementation of RUP feed sources with different amino acid profile increased the intakes of DM supplement and CP, and the total-tract apparent digestibility of CP. In addition, animals supplemented with RUP, regardless the amino acid profile, had an increase in the excretion of N in feces and urine. However, both RUP supplementation increased final BW and total BW gain. The ADG of the animals was improved with an additional gain of 195 g/day for CGM and PSBM compared to MS, and no differences between RUP sources were observed. No differences in the intake of DM (kg and % of BW), OM, and forage DM, ruminal pH, and microbial-N across treatments. Animals supplemented PSBM had a greater NDF intake and total VFA concentration compared to CGM. Retaine-N (g/d) was increased by PSBM supplementation compared to MS, but it did not differ between RUP sources. Taken together, the results demonstrate that supplementation of 3 g/kg of BW of RUP with different amino acid profile during the rainy season is an effective nutritional strategy used to improve performance of growing beef cattle grazing pasture. In addition, RUP supplementation improved N metabolism, with PSBM resulting in greater N retained compared to MS supplementation. Department of Animal Science School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences São Paulo State University (UNESP), SP Corporación Colombiana de investigación Agropecuaria AGROSAVIA, Antioquia Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia/Ciência Animal, MG Department of Animal Science School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences São Paulo State University (UNESP), SP CAPES: 001 CNPq: 103922/2019-9 CNPq: 118700/2017-0 FAPESP: 2015/01147-0 FAPESP: 2016/22022-4 FAPESP: 2017/02034-0 FAPESP: 2018/06836-7 FAPESP: 2019/12740-5

Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-28T19:28:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2019-01-01 Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) Several artificial colouring agents are used as food additives to improve the foods' visual appearance. A recent increase in the use of natural colouring with bioactive properties (antioxidants) as a substitute for additives used in the food industry has led to the search for novel sources to produce such substances with functional colouring. The present work was aimed to isolate and select yeasts from the Cerrado (Savannah) biome (Central region, Brazil) to produce carotenoids. Sixty-nine of the 470 colonies, selected after screening, presented colours from yellow to red. These yeasts were grouped into three colours: yellow, pink and orange. Yeast belonging to the pink group, identified as Rhodotorula toruloides, was chosen for improvement of the factors (physical and nutritional) involved in submerged cultivation. Carotenoid bioproduction was improved by using an experimental design which evaluated the characteristics of the physical processes (agitation and temperature), followed by 25-1 factorial experimental design to select the relevant factors for the culture medium. Following statistical analysis, a complete second-order experimental design was employed to optimise the composition of the culture medium. The maximum carotenoid production obtained was 1,333.11 μg.L-1 (106.92 μg.g-1) after 144 h at 25°C and 130 rpm in yeast malt (YM) medium containing 45.95 g.L-1 glucose, 1 g.L-1 malt extract, 0.7 g.L-1 yeast extract, and 0.4 g.L-1 peptone, with an initial pH value of 6. This result showed the potential of this yeast as a viable source of biopigments. Laboratory of Bioprocess Institute of Biosciences Humanities and Exact Sciences São Paulo State University Laboratory of Bioprocess Institute of Biosciences Humanities and Exact Sciences São Paulo State University