1,132 results on '"Silicotuberculosis"'
Search Results
2. Silent epidemic of silicotuberculosis in India and emergence of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis?
- Author
-
Dharmendra Singh, Bidisa Sarkar, Saurabh Yadav, and Kamalesh Sarkar
- Subjects
Emergence of TB ,Silicotuberculosis ,Sub-radiological silicosis ,TB elimination ,MDR-TB ,Silent epidemic ,Microbiology ,QR1-502 - Abstract
Objectives: India's projected silica-dust-exposed workers will be 52 million at the end of 2025. The elimination of tuberculosis (TB) is also targeted in India by 2025. Scientists in India have already pointed out that unless silicosis is controlled, the said elimination will be difficult to achieve. Methods and Results: This study provides evidence of an increasing incidence of tuberculosis (TB) including multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) with mortality owing to treatment failure among the silica dust-exposed workers compared to their unexposed counterpart. It was also observed that TB as well as MDR-TB were directly proportional to the dose and/or duration of silica dust exposure (progression of silica-dust induced lung damage). This means the occurrence of both TB and MDR-TB is lowest in the unexposed group, moderate in the radiologically negative but silica dust-exposed group (subradiological silicosis owing to moderate exposure), and highest in the radiologically confirmed silicotic workers (maximally exposed group). Because India has a huge burden of silicosis cases, the said cases are vulnerable to pulmonary TB, including MDR-TB. The study indicates there will be an emergence of MDR-TB among the silica dust-exposed workers unless appropriate intervention measures are initiated with immediate effect. Failure to do so, it will probably lead to a silent epidemic of silicotuberculosis in India shortly. Conclusions: It is important to have tools to detect silicosis cases quickly and at an early stage to identify a vulnerable population and adopt an effective intervention measure.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. СИЛИКОТУБЕРКУЛОЗА – СЪВРЕМЕННИ АСПЕКТИ, ПРЕДИЗВИКАТЕЛСТВА И ПОДХОДИ.
- Author
-
Дончева-Дилова, Ж. and Миланов, В.
- Abstract
Silicosis, the most prevalent pneumoconiosis, is caused by inhalation of crystalline silica particles. The risk of a patient with silicosis for development of tuberculosis, both pulmonary and extrapulmonary, is 2.8 to 39 times higher than that found for healthy persons. HIV coinfection adds further to the risk. Silicotuberculosis is a challenging health problem and deserves attention worldwide. The diagnosis of active tuberculosis superimposed on silicosis is often problematic, especially in initial phases, and chest X-ray and microbiological examination of sputum are particularly important for the diagnosis. Treatment is difficult, directly observed treatment is recommended, and the risk of relapse is higher than in nonsilicosis patients. Tuberculosis prevention in cases with silicosis is essential and include active follow-up of the workers, periodic chest X-rays, tuberculin skin testing or interferon-gamma release assay testing, and adoption of measures to reduce the exposure to silica dust. Preventive treatment of latent tuberculosis infection consists of different regimens and needs to be expanded. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
4. The double trouble monster – Unmasking hidden tuberculosis in silicosis patients: A case series
- Author
-
S Gowri Shankar and D Suresh Kumar
- Subjects
cavity ,gene xpert ,quarry ,silicotuberculosis ,sugarcane ,Medicine - Abstract
Tuberculosis occurs commonly in silicosis and is difficult to diagnose. We are presenting four cases of silicotuberculosis. The first three cases of silicotuberculosis have occupational risk factors such as borewell driller, construction sites, and quarry presented with silicotuberculosis clinic radiological features with negative sputum acid-fast bacilli and positive results for tuberculosis obtained from bronchoalveolar lavage samples. The last case developed silicosis due to inhalational burned sugarcane crops. Antituberculosis therapy started after microbiological confirmation for tuberculosis. Hence, a vigorous search of tuberculosis in silicosis patients is highly warranted.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Prevalence of concomitant pulmonary tuberculosis in patients with newly diagnosed silicosis in a tertiary care center in South India
- Author
-
Navaneethakrishnan Muthulakshmi, Saravanavasan Rajendran, and Kannan Muthuraman Alagappan
- Subjects
silicosis ,silicotuberculosis ,mycobacterium tuberculosis ,lung diseases ,prevalence ,Medicine - Abstract
Background: Long-term exposure to silica dust makes people prone for silicosis which raises the risk of the individual in developing pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB). Silicosis is a progressive lung disease characterize with shortness of breath, cough, fever, and bluish skin, caused due to inhalation of crystalline silica dust found in abundance in sand, rock, and quartz. Aims and Objectives: The disease is known to effect the functioning of macrophages making it unable to defend mycobacterium species, thus allowing the bacterium to invade and develop tuberculosis. Materials and Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study is carried out to estimate the prevalence of PTB in newly diagnosed silicosis patients at Madurai Medical College, Madurai, Tamil Nadu. All the patients who got registered in Occupational Lung Diseases Registry from January 2016 to December 2021 are included in the study. Silicosis patients tested positive on sputum CBNAAT are considered as silicotubercular patients, whose prevalence is calculated. Results: Our study included a total of 54 subjects (90.8% males and 8.2% female) with mean SD age of 38±6.7 years ranging from 26 to 53 years. Of which 22 patients, 40.7% tested positive for Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) on sputum CBNAAT. The prevalence of MTB in among silicosis patients was found to be 40.7%. Conclusions: Association of TB and silicosis is very strong with the prevalence of TB among silicosis patients as 40.7%. Our study also observed the male sex and elder age as elevated risk of developing silicotuberculosis. All the people getting exposed to silica dust need to be educated in the usage and usefulness of protective equipment.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Difficulties in distinguishing silicosis and pulmonary tuberculosis in silica‐exposed gold miners: A report of four cases.
- Author
-
Maboso, Botembetume, te Water Naude, Jim, Rees, David, Goodman, Hillel, and Ehrlich, Rodney
- Subjects
TUBERCULOSIS ,GOLD miners ,TUBERCULOSIS patients ,SILICOSIS ,SYMPTOMS ,GOLD mining - Abstract
Silicosis and tuberculosis (TB) are both global health concerns, with high prevalence among miners from the South African gold mines. Although knowledge has accumulated about these two conditions as distinct diseases since the early 20th century, and despite progress in technology with multiple diagnostic tools and treatment options available for TB, the challenge of distinguishing and therefore efficiently managing these two conditions in this population remains as current as it was 100 years ago. To illustrate the diagnostic and health service problems of distinguishing TB and silicosis clinically and radiologically in former gold miners from the South African mines living in resource‐poor areas, we discuss four cases reviewed for this report by a panel of experts. For each case, occupational history, past and current medical history, physical examination, radiological and laboratory findings are described. Common themes are: (1) poor agreement between radiological and clinical presentation; (2) poor agreement between radiology findings and detection of active TB on sputum Xpert MTB/RIF testing; and (3) difficulty in distinguishing the clinical and radiological presentations of silicosis and tuberculosis. Possible consequences at the population level are undertreatment or overtreatment of TB, and underdiagnosis or overdiagnosis of silicosis. There is a need for training of practitioners who are screening or attending to former gold miners in the clinical and radiological features of combined disease, using a curated database of miners' chest X‐ray images. Investment in protocols for management of both acute and chronic silicotuberculosis in ex‐miners is needed, as is clinical, epidemiologic, and operations research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Potential consequences of screening of occupational silica dust exposed workers for early detection of silicosis/silico-tuberculosis using a novel biomarker, club cell protein-16, with possible intervention by repurposing metformin.
- Author
-
Sarkar, Bidisa, Sarkar, Kamalesh, and Sarkar, Rittika
- Subjects
- *
SILICA dust , *EARLY diagnosis , *BIOMARKERS , *METFORMIN , *SILICOTUBERCULOSIS - Abstract
Earlier, a study conducted by the Indian Council of Medical Research - National Institute of Occupational Health (ICMR-NIOH), India, evidenced that CC16 may be used as a proxy marker and screening tool for early detection and progression of silica-induced lung damage. Once CC16 indicates early silicosis, it needs to be confirmed by chest radiography. Next, ICMR-NIOH and ICMR-National Institute of Virology (ICMR-NIV) jointly developed a semi-quantitative and pointof-care CC16 detection kit using lateral flow immune chromatography. The said test can be done from one drop of blood collected through a finger prick. All trained peripheral healthcare workers can screen the silica dust-exposed workers periodically, under the national silicosis control program. Once early silicosis is detected, their sputum may be examined periodically by CB-NAAT/True-NAT for early detection of silicotuberculosis. The serum CC-16 detection kit is the first of its kind for early detection of silicosis through periodic screening, which is approved by the Indian Council of Medical Research, Ministry of Health, Govt. of India. Unless silicosis is controlled, elimination of TB appears to be difficult in India as there is a huge burden of silicosis including sub-radiological silicosis in India and considering the fact that silicosis is a stronger risk factor for lung tuberculosis due to its progressive declining effect of lung immunity. Since occupational silica dust exposure facilitates progressive fibrosis of lung tissue, a clinical trial using metformin may be the need of the day as animal experiments have already shown metformin's antifibroblastic effect in silica-induced animals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Prevalence of concomitant pulmonary tuberculosis in patients with newly diagnosed silicosis in a tertiary care center in South India.
- Author
-
Muthulakshmi, Navaneethakrishnan, Rajendran, Saravanavasan, and Alagappan, Kannan Muthuraman
- Subjects
- *
TUBERCULOSIS , *SILICOSIS , *TUBERCULOSIS patients , *SILICA dust , *MYCOBACTERIUM tuberculosis - Abstract
Background: Long-term exposure to silica dust makes people prone for silicosis which raises the risk of the individual in developing pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB). Silicosis is a progressive lung disease characterize with shortness of breath, cough, fever, and bluish skin, caused due to inhalation of crystalline silica dust found in abundance in sand, rock, and quartz. Aims and Objectives: The disease is known to effect the functioning of macrophages making it unable to defend mycobacterium species, thus allowing the bacterium to invade and develop tuberculosis. Materials and Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study is carried out to estimate the prevalence of PTB in newly diagnosed silicosis patients at Madurai Medical College, Madurai, Tamil Nadu. All the patients who got registered in Occupational Lung Diseases Registry from January 2016 to December 2021 are included in the study. Silicosis patients tested positive on sputum CBNAAT are considered as silicotubercular patients, whose prevalence is calculated. Results: Our study included a total of 54 subjects (90.8% males and 8.2% female) with mean SD age of 38±6.7 years ranging from 26 to 53 years. Of which 22 patients, 40.7% tested positive for Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) on sputum CBNAAT. The prevalence of MTB in among silicosis patients was found to be 40.7%. Conclusions: Association of TB and silicosis is very strong with the prevalence of TB among silicosis patients as 40.7%. Our study also observed the male sex and elder age as elevated risk of developing silicotuberculosis. All the people getting exposed to silica dust need to be educated in the usage and usefulness of protective equipment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. 儿童肺结核45例临床特点及诊断分析.
- Author
-
王宏杰, 邹映雪, 穆世茵, and 郭永盛
- Abstract
Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics of pulmonary tuberculosis in children, and provide the basis for improving the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis in children. Methods The general data, laboratory examination and imaging examination of 45 children with pulmonary tuberculosis admitted to our hospital were retrospectively analyzed. The results of chest CT and chest X-ray were compared and analyzed. The fiberoptic bronchoscopy and treatment of endobronchial tuberculosis were reviewed. Results There were 28 males and 17 females in the 45 patients. Forty-two cases (93.3%) were definitely vaccinated with Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine. There were 11 cases (24.4%) with definite recent contact history of active tuberculosis, and 33 cases (73.3%) with past family history of tuberculosis. There were 37 cases (82.2%) with simple pulmonary tuberculosis. Tuberculous pleurisy was more common in patients with extrapulmonary tuberculosis. The common symptoms were fever, cough, wheezing and tuberculosis poisoning symptoms. Pulmonary tuberculosis occurred in different forms in children. There were 29 cases (64.4%) with bronchitis and pneumonia, 3 cases (6.7%) with bronchial asthma, 5 cases (11.1%) with chronic cough, 6 cases (13.3%) with fever, and 2 cases (4.4%) with postoperative trauma. The tuberculin test was moderately positive in 38 cases (84.4%). Chest CT scan can detect tubercular lesions better than chest X-ray examination. Among the 45 cases, 42 cases underwent fiberoptic bronchoscopy, and 13 cases (31.0%) were found to have endobronchial tuberculosis. Patients (n=42) were treated with freezing and linezolid lavage. The endobronchial wall became smooth after 2-3 times of treatment. Conclusion The diagnostic value of chest CT scan is superior to chest X-ray examination. Bronchoscopic freezing and linezolid lavage are effective methods for the treatment of endobronchial tuberculosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Silent epidemic of silicotuberculosis in India and emergence of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis?
- Author
-
Singh D, Sarkar B, Yadav S, and Sarkar K
- Subjects
- Humans, India epidemiology, Male, Silicon Dioxide adverse effects, Adult, Silicosis epidemiology, Incidence, Dust, Middle Aged, Epidemics, Female, Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant epidemiology, Occupational Exposure adverse effects, Silicotuberculosis epidemiology
- Abstract
Objectives: India's projected silica-dust-exposed workers will be 52 million at the end of 2025. The elimination of tuberculosis (TB) is also targeted in India by 2025. Scientists in India have already pointed out that unless silicosis is controlled, the said elimination will be difficult to achieve., Methods and Results: This study provides evidence of an increasing incidence of tuberculosis (TB) including multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) with mortality owing to treatment failure among the silica dust-exposed workers compared to their unexposed counterpart. It was also observed that TB as well as MDR-TB were directly proportional to the dose and/or duration of silica dust exposure (progression of silica-dust induced lung damage). This means the occurrence of both TB and MDR-TB is lowest in the unexposed group, moderate in the radiologically negative but silica dust-exposed group (subradiological silicosis owing to moderate exposure), and highest in the radiologically confirmed silicotic workers (maximally exposed group). Because India has a huge burden of silicosis cases, the said cases are vulnerable to pulmonary TB, including MDR-TB. The study indicates there will be an emergence of MDR-TB among the silica dust-exposed workers unless appropriate intervention measures are initiated with immediate effect. Failure to do so, it will probably lead to a silent epidemic of silicotuberculosis in India shortly., Conclusions: It is important to have tools to detect silicosis cases quickly and at an early stage to identify a vulnerable population and adopt an effective intervention measure., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Silicosis and Silicotuberculosis Among Small Scale Gemstone Miners in Northern Tanzania: SilicoTB.
- Abstract
This article discusses a clinical trial, NCT06403800, that focuses on the health risks faced by artisanal gemstone miners in Northern Tanzania. The trial aims to study the high rates of silicosis and tuberculosis (TB) among these miners and their impact on community control of TB. The study will involve a prospective cohort study of miners and a cross-sectional survey of TB prevalence. The results of this study will help develop interventions to reduce respiratory health risks in artisanal mining. The study is currently recruiting participants and is expected to be completed by December 1, 2025. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
12. Studies from Tamil Nadu Further Understanding of Silicosis (The Double Trouble Monster - Unmasking Hidden Tuberculosis in Silicosis Patients: A Case Series).
- Abstract
A study conducted in Tamil Nadu, India, explores the relationship between silicosis and tuberculosis. Silicosis is a lung disease caused by inhaling silica dust, and tuberculosis is a bacterial infection that commonly occurs in silicosis patients but is difficult to diagnose. The study presents four cases of silicotuberculosis, where patients with occupational risk factors developed silicosis and were later diagnosed with tuberculosis. The researchers emphasize the importance of actively searching for tuberculosis in silicosis patients and starting appropriate treatment. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
13. Seorang Penderita Siliko Tuberkulosis dengan Penyulit Pneumotoraks [Pneumothorax in a Silico-Tuberculosis Patient: A Case Report]
- Author
-
Winariani Koesoemoprodjo and Vinodini Merinda
- Subjects
silicotuberculosis ,secondary spontaneous pneumothorax ,Medicine - Abstract
Background: Silicosis is a lung disease caused by the work because of respirable crystalline silica. Often occurs in workers mining gold, iron, tin, granite, sandstone, slate, foundries, cement, ceramics and glass. The risk of silicosis develop into lung tuberculosis (TB) is higher than patients without silicosis. Another complication of silicosis is secondary spontaneous pneumothorax. Case : A man, 45 years old with a history of work as a bricklayer for 5 years with complaints shortness of breath since three days before admitted to the hospital, chest pain in the right hemithorax, and had chronic cough. Patients is on ATD therapy. From radiographic there is collapse lung, it was shown collapse line on the right hemithorax, and fibroinfiltrat with multiple cavities on both hemithorax. Patients then got chest tube insertion and evaluation for 3 weeks, but the lung has not expanded. From thoracoscopy, there is fibrotic band on the pleural space with conclution right trapped lung. From forcep biopsy on visceral pleura showed a widened alveolar epithelial layer coated with a pile of inflammatory lymphocytes and dust pigments. From broncoscopy, there is chronic lung inflamation. Spectrophotometric analysis from BAL specimens results showed a silica content of 4.25 ppm SiO2 from left BAL an 14.34 ppm SiO2 on the right BAL. Furthurmore, this patient got pleurodesis using betadine agent and continue the ATD. Evaluation the lung is fully expanded. Conclusion : This case illustrates the secondary spontaneous pneumothorax as a complication of silicotuberkulosis. No drug has proven effective for silicosis. Treatment is aimed to the disease complications that occur, in this case is secondary spontaneous pneumothorax and lung TB. Prevention at workplaces that have a risk of silicosis is very important.
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. Rare Complications of Silica Dust Exposure
- Author
-
Alaa Omar Shalaby, Khaled Mahmoud Kamel, Ahmed Serag Aldein Al Halfawy, Hassan Mahmoud Amin, Sabah Ahmed Hussein, Hassan Gamal Yamamah, and Hoda Mohamed Abdel-hamid
- Subjects
silicosis ,alveolar silicoproteinosis ,silicotuberculosis ,silica dust. ,Medicine (General) ,R5-920 - Abstract
Crystalline silica inhalation causes silicosis, one of the ancient occupational lung diseases. It leads to an irreversible fibrotic response in the lung parenchyma and, consequently, causes diffuse interstitial lung disease. Asymptomatic to chronic irreversible forms are various presentations of silicosis, which has a high-risk predisposition to various comorbidities. We documented two cases of rare presentations of silica dust exposure alveolar silicoproteinosis and silicotuberculosis.
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. The Triple Burden of Tuberculosis, Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Silicosis among Artisanal and Small-Scale Miners in Zimbabwe
- Author
-
Dingani Moyo, Ronald Ncube, Fungai Kavenga, Lilian Chikwava, Tawanda Mapuranga, Nathan Chiboyiwa, Chipo Chimunhu, Frank Mudzingwa, Orippa Muzvidziwa, Petronella Ncube, Tariro Christwish Mando, Florence Moyo, Blessings Chigaraza, Hellen Masvingo, and Collins Timire
- Subjects
Male ,Adult ,Zimbabwe ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,Silicosis ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,HIV ,HIV Infections ,Dust ,Miners ,Silicon Dioxide ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Occupational Exposure ,Humans ,Tuberculosis ,Female ,Gold ,artisanal miners ,silicosis ,silicotuberculosis ,silica exposures - Abstract
Artisanal and small-scale mining is characterized by an excessive exposure to silica-containing dust, overcrowding, poor living conditions and limited access to primary health services. This poses a risk to tuberculosis, HIV infection and silicosis. The main purpose of the study is to evaluate the burden of tuberculosis, HIV and silicosis among artisanal and small-scale miners. We conducted a cross sectional study on 3821 artisanal and small-scale miners. We found a high burden of silicosis (19%), tuberculosis (6.8%) and HIV (18%) in a relatively young population, with the mean age of 35.5 years. Men were 1.8 times more likely to be diagnosed with silicosis compared to women, adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR = 1.75 (95% CI: 1.02–2.74)]. Artisanal and small-scale miners who were living with HIV were 1.25 times more likely to be diagnosed with silicosis compared to those who were negative, [aPR = 1.25 (1.00–1.57)]. The risk of silicosis increased with both duration as a miner and severity of exposure to silica dust. The risk of tuberculosis increased with the duration as a miner. Zimbabwe is currently experiencing a high burden of TB, silicosis and HIV among artisanal and small-scale miners. Multi-sectoral and innovative interventions are required to stem this triple epidemic in Zimbabwe.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. Risk factors and control strategies for silicotuberculosis as an occupational disease.
- Author
-
Shafiei, M., Ghasemian, A., Eslami, M., Nojoomi, F., and Rajabi-Vardanjani, H.
- Subjects
- *
SILICOSIS , *QUALITY of life , *EMIGRATION & immigration , *OBSTRUCTIVE lung diseases , *WORKERS' compensation , *OCCUPATIONAL diseases - Abstract
Abstract Silicotuberculosis is critical in community settings among workers and employees exposed to silica dust. Older age of entry (>30 years), male sex, infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), exposure duration, smoking, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, migration, the severity of the silicosis and the intensity of the exposure are potential risk factors. Lack of timely diagnosis and treatment for tuberculosis (TB) may also raise the rate of infection; previous treatment of TB is possibly associated with the development of silicotuberculosis in more than half of patients, increasing with age (>40 years). Identification of risk factors benefits not only the academic research community, but also the workers or employees and policy making. Some strategies can be implemented, such as controlling or reducing exposure to silica dust, ensuring continuity of treatment of TB or extended anti-TB treatment, management of the situation by occupational health professionals, prevention of oscillating migration, providing workers with compensation, training and education in occupational health, improving the quality of life of miners and workers, intensive medical surveillance and TB screening in routine health check ups, and policy making for higher immunity to inhibit inhalation of dust by workers or employees. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. PECULIARITIES OF SILICOTUBERCULOSIS IN THE WORKERS OF FERROUS METALLURGY ENTERPRISES
- Author
-
V. V. Zakharenkov, O. A. Morozova, and I. V. Viblaya
- Subjects
silicosis ,silicotuberculosis ,occupational diseases ,metallurgical production ,Science - Abstract
The results of long-term dispensary supervision (14 years) of 284 silicosis patients (including 54 silicotuberculosis patients) worked at Kuznetsk Metallurgical Plant have shown that high concentration of dust in air with 5% content of free silicon dioxide promotes the development of non-complicated silicosis as well as silicotuberculosis. This dispensary supervision, has been conducted by the physicians of scientific and consultative department of FSBI "RI CPHOD" SB RAMS in Novokuznetsk. Fast development of silicosis is risk factor for silicotuberculosis (р < 0,05). Slow development of silicosis is much rarely associated by tuberculosis infection. The patients with non-complicated. silicosis and. silicotuberculosis have the signs of pneumonia (oftener in non-complicated silicosis) and. chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (oftener in silicotuberculosis) according to the results of chest radiography.
- Published
- 2012
18. Silicotuberculosis and silicosis as occupational diseases: Report of two cases
- Author
-
Milovanović Aleksandar, Nowak Dennis, Milovanović Anđela, Hering Kurt G., Kline Joel N., Kovalevskiy Evgeny, Kundiev Ilich Yuriy, Peruničić Bogoljub, Popević Martin, Šuštran Branka, and Nenadović Milutin
- Subjects
silica dust ,silicosis ,silicotuberculosis ,occupational disease ,fatal outcome ,Medicine - Abstract
Introduction. Silicosis, the most prevalent of the pneumoconioses, is caused by inhalation of crystalline silica particles. Silica-exposed workers are at increased risk for tuberculosis and other mycobacterium-related diseases. The risk of a patient with silicosis developing tuberculosis is higher (2.8 to 39 fold higher, depending on the severity of silicosis) than that found in healthy controls. Outline of Cases. The first patient was a 52-year-old male who was admitted in 2002 for the second time with dyspnoea, wheezing and fatigue over the last 11 years. He had worked in an iron smelting factory and was exposed to silica dust for 20 years. First hospitalization chest radiography showed bilateral pleural adhesions, diffuse lung fibrosis with signs of a specific lung process. Second hospitalization chest radiography showed bilateral massive irregular, non-homogenous calcified changes in the upper and middle parts of lungs. The patient died due to respiratory failure and chronic pulmonary heart in 2007. The main causes of his death were silicotuberculosis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The second patient was a 50-year-old male who was admitted in 2005 for the second time with chest tightness, dyspnoea, wheezing and fatigue over the last 10 years. He had worked in an iron smelting factory and was exposed to silica dust for 30 years. First hospitalization chest radiography showed diffuse lung fibrosis and small nodular opacities. The patient was diagnosed with silicosis, small opacities sized level p/q, and profusion level 2/3. Second hospitalization chest radiography and CT showed diffuse lung fibrosis and small nodular opacities predominantly in the upper lobes. The patient was recognized as having an occupational disease, and received early retirement due to disability. Conclusion. In low-income countries, new cases of silicosis and associated lung cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and tuberculosis are likely to be seen for decades because necessary reduction of silica use will take time to be achieved.
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. On the question of late silicotuberculosis
- Author
-
E. V. Ulanovskaya, E. Yu. Orniczan, and N. I. Kuprina
- Subjects
Silicotuberculosis ,Pediatrics ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Tuberculosis ,biology ,business.industry ,Incidence (epidemiology) ,Late stage ,General Medicine ,Disease ,biology.organism_classification ,medicine.disease ,Mycobacterium tuberculosis ,Silicosis ,Medicine ,In patient ,business - Abstract
Despite the onset of epidemic stabilization of tuberculosis in Russia in recent years, the situation is still extremely unfavorable. Diagnosis of the disease at a late stage, untimely treatment lead to a deterioration in the prognosis of survival of patients. As you know, silicosis is often complicated by the addition of tuberculosis infection, while there is still no clear idea about late silicotuberculosis, as well as the generally accepted classification. The aim of the study was to explore the incidence of tuberculosis in patients with late silicosis. Over the years, 172 patients with suspected silicosis have been monitored. A group of 38 people who developed late silicosis was selected from them. Patients worked in professions where silicosis most often develops from inhaling dust containing free silicon dioxide more than 10%, with a work experience of 6 to 15 years. The analysis of the data obtained showed that tuberculosis infection joins after 4-12 years in patients with late silicosis in almost 40% of cases. Patients with mixed pathology rarely secrete Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
- Published
- 2020
20. Complicated silicotuberculosis in a South African gold miner: A case report.
- Author
-
Oni, Tolu and Ehrlich, Rodney
- Subjects
SILICOTUBERCULOSIS ,GOLD miners ,SILICA dust ,INDUSTRIAL hygiene management ,OCCUPATIONAL disease risk factors ,HEALTH - Abstract
We present a case of complicated silicotuberculosis in a former gold miner with a sufficiently heavy silica dust exposure to cause International Labor Organization grade 2/2 silicosis after a cumulative exposure duration of 11 years. We describe a cascade of complications-active pulmonary tuberculosis despite recent isoniazid prophylactic therapy, non-tuberculous mycobacterial disease, chronic airways obstruction, and spontaneous pneumothorax-and the difficulties, which arose, in diagnosis and management of such combined disease. We highlight three implications of such cases: the need to understand the interaction of silicosis and tuberculosis in this setting, the importance of maintaining continuity of care in the management of these conditions in miners and former miners, and control of silica dust exposure as a primary form of prevention of tuberculosis. Am. J. Ind. Med. 58:697-701, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. Tuberculosis and Other Mycobacteriosis
- Author
-
Vsevolod Zinserling
- Subjects
Pathology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Silicotuberculosis ,Lung ,Tuberculosis ,business.industry ,medicine.disease ,Pneumonia ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Pleurisy ,Special section ,medicine ,Bronchitis ,Tuberculoma ,business - Abstract
The chapter includes the introductory section devoted to the role of pathology in the study of tuberculosis from ancient civilizations till nowadays and three sections devoted to special issues based upon long-term studies of Russian pathologists including own experience of the authors. Thus we distinguish several not described in the world literature forms. We identify, describe, and illustrate TBC of intrathoracic lymph nodes, primary tuberculosis complex (Ranvier), disseminated pulmonary TBC with acute and chronic course, miliary disseminated TBC, focal pulmonary TBC, pulmonary tuberculoma (five morphological variants), infiltrative pulmonary TBC, caseous pneumonia, cavernous changes, including “fibro-cavernous pulmonary TBC,” different forms of bronchitis, cirrhotic TBC, pleurisy, acute and chronic empyema, TBC of trachea, konyo, and silicotuberculosis. Data allowing to judge about the activity of the process are presented. In special section are described and extensive illustrated peculiarities of TBC with HIV in AIDS stage. Special section is devoted to nontuberculosis Mycobacteria (avium–mac) both in immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients. We present the most complete image gallery of lung lesions in mycobacterioses ever appeared in the history of world pathology. The text includes, illustrated by 91 original images from own practice.
- Published
- 2021
22. Silicoproteino-tuberculosis: Three distinct entities or a unique entity: A case report and review of the literature.
- Author
-
Cheraghvandi, Ali, Tafti, Saeid Fallah, Talischi, Firouzeh, Seyedmehdi, Seyed Mohammad, Ghazanchaei, Elham, Jebelli, Beheshteh, and Pourabdollah, Mihan
- Subjects
- *
SILICOTUBERCULOSIS , *PULMONARY alveolar proteinosis ,TUBERCULOSIS case studies - Abstract
Silicosis is considered to be among the occupational lung diseases and associated with sandblasting, mining, quarrying and tunneling. Acute silicosis is usually progressive diseaseand despite treatment with corticosteroids it leads to cardio-respiratory failure and death. Alveolar silicoproteinosis is one of it's acute presentations due to exposure to silica dust and lungs filling with proteinaceous material. Here, we have presented a 29 year old male sandblaster with the three conditions of acute silicosis, secondary alveolar proteinosis and pulmonary tuberculosis on four anti tuberculous medications who presented with respiratory distress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2014
23. Computer-aided detection for tuberculosis and silicosis in chest radiographs of gold miners of South Africa
- Author
-
Barry Kistnasamy, Annalee Yassi, Stephen Barker, C Young, and Rodney Ehrlich
- Subjects
Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Silicotuberculosis ,Tuberculosis ,Population ,Silicosis ,Disease ,Article ,03 medical and health sciences ,South Africa ,0302 clinical medicine ,Medicine ,Humans ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,education ,050107 human factors ,Disease burden ,Mass screening ,education.field_of_study ,Receiver operating characteristic ,business.industry ,Computers ,05 social sciences ,medicine.disease ,Infectious Diseases ,030228 respiratory system ,Radiology ,Gold ,business - Abstract
BACKGROUND: For over one hundred years, the gold mining sector has been a considerable source of tuberculosis (TB) and silicosis disease burden across Southern Africa. Reading chest radiographs (CXRs) is an expert and time-intensive process necessary for the screening and diagnosis of lung disease and the provision of evidence for compensation claims. Our study explores the use of computer-aided detection (CAD) of TB and silicosis in CXRs of a population with a high incidence of both diseases.METHODS: A set of 330 CXRs with human expert-determined classifications of silicosis, TB, silcotuberculosis and normal were provided to four health technology companies. The ability of each of their respective CAD systems to predict disease was assessed using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis of the under the curve metric.RESULTS: Three of the four systems differentiated accurately between TB and normal images, while two differentiated accurately between silicosis and normal images. Inclusion of silicotuberculosis images reduced each system's ability to detect either disease. In differentiating between any abnormal from normal CXR, the most accurate system achieved both a sensitivity and specificity of 98.2%.CONCLUSION: The current ability of CAD to differentiate between TB and silicosis is limited, but its use as a mass screening tool for both diseases shows considerable promise.
- Published
- 2020
24. The Triple Burden of Tuberculosis, Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Silicosis among Artisanal and Small-Scale Miners in Zimbabwe.
- Author
-
Moyo D, Ncube R, Kavenga F, Chikwava L, Mapuranga T, Chiboyiwa N, Chimunhu C, Mudzingwa F, Muzvidziwa O, Ncube P, Mando TC, Moyo F, Chigaraza B, Masvingo H, and Timire C
- Subjects
- Male, Female, Humans, Adult, Cross-Sectional Studies, Zimbabwe epidemiology, Gold, Dust, Silicon Dioxide adverse effects, HIV, HIV Infections epidemiology, Silicosis epidemiology, Miners, Tuberculosis epidemiology, Occupational Exposure adverse effects
- Abstract
Artisanal and small-scale mining is characterized by an excessive exposure to silica-containing dust, overcrowding, poor living conditions and limited access to primary health services. This poses a risk to tuberculosis, HIV infection and silicosis. The main purpose of the study is to evaluate the burden of tuberculosis, HIV and silicosis among artisanal and small-scale miners. We conducted a cross sectional study on 3821 artisanal and small-scale miners. We found a high burden of silicosis (19%), tuberculosis (6.8%) and HIV (18%) in a relatively young population, with the mean age of 35.5 years. Men were 1.8 times more likely to be diagnosed with silicosis compared to women, adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR = 1.75 (95% CI: 1.02-2.74)]. Artisanal and small-scale miners who were living with HIV were 1.25 times more likely to be diagnosed with silicosis compared to those who were negative, [aPR = 1.25 (1.00-1.57)]. The risk of silicosis increased with both duration as a miner and severity of exposure to silica dust. The risk of tuberculosis increased with the duration as a miner. Zimbabwe is currently experiencing a high burden of TB, silicosis and HIV among artisanal and small-scale miners. Multi-sectoral and innovative interventions are required to stem this triple epidemic in Zimbabwe.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Incidence & Prevalence of Silico tuberculosis in Western Rajasthan: A Retrospective Study of Three Years
- Author
-
Kulbeer Chopra, Prabhu Prakash, Suman Bhansali, Arvind Mathur, and P K Gupta
- Subjects
Silicotuberculosis ,Western Rajasthan ,Retrospective Study ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Abstract
Silicosis is a form of pneumoconiosis. It results from inhalation of dust containing crystalline Silica particles of size 0.5 - 5 microns in diameter. Prevalence of Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Silicotics is more common when compared to prevalence in general population. This entity is called Silico- tuberculosis. Study was conducted in Kamla Nehru Chest Hospital attached with Dr.SNMC Jodhpur, among 300 stone mine workers of sand stone mines of Jodhpur with clinico-radiological evidence of Silico-tuberculosis. Workers were divided into 3 categories cutter / driller involved in blasting and cutting stones, dresser engaged in fine work by chisel and Labourer - Loading and Unloading of Stones in Mines .All studied patients were males, majority of cases belong to 21-55 years (93%) age group. Among these cases maximum no. of patients belong to 46-50 yr. (18%) age group. This is the most economically productive age group in India. With increase in duration of exposure from (0-20 years) to Silica particles there is increase in the no. of silico-tuberculosis. After 20 year of exposure there is decrease in no. of cases because cases do not survive upto that long period. 137 patients out of 300 cases were confirmed Acid Fast Bacilli positive by smear examination. 123 patients out of 300 cases were bacteriologically confirmed by culture. Out of 123 culture positive cases 66 (53.65%) were typical Mycobacteria& 57 (46.34%) were Atypical Mycobacterium. M. Kansasii(28), M. Scrofulaceum ( 9) ,M. Ulcerans(1) M. Fortuitum ( 19), When radiological pattern of Typical Mycobacteria cases and Atypical Mycobacterial cases were confirmed compared we found that Cavity with Nodulation, Pleural Reaction, Progressive Massive Fibrosis, Lower Lobe Involvement, Pnemothorax they all were more common in Atypical than Typical Mycobacteria. M.Kansasii predominantly grown in mining area all around the world. Prevalence of Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Silicotics is more common when compared to prevalence in general population hence all should use prophylactic measures.
- Published
- 2012
26. Clinical and radiological manifestations of silicotuberculosis
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Silicotuberculosis ,Tuberculosis ,business.industry ,Pneumoconiosis ,General Medicine ,medicine.disease ,Gastroenterology ,Pulmonary hypertension ,Pulmonology ,Silicosis ,Internal medicine ,Medicine ,Respiratory function ,business ,Complication - Abstract
The authors analysed clinical and radiologic signs in 32 silicotuberculosis patients who equalled to 12.6% of 252 pneumoconiosis patients observed in pulmonology hospital. Among the silicituberculosis patients, the diagnosis was primary in 88% (28/32). In other cases, tuberculosis was a complication of previously diagnosed silicosis (2/32), or silicosis developed on background of formerly inactive tuberculosis (2/32). The silicotuberculosis was presented mostly with local forms of tuberculosis (56%, 18/32) and nodular+nodular interstitial forms of silicosis (66%, 21/32). Changed respiratory function was seen in 63% (20/32) of the patients, with prevailing (41%, 13/32) obstructive type disorders. Follow-up during 2.4×0.4 years revealed lower diffusion ability of lungs and pulmonary hypertension and corpulmonale formation according to echocardiography — that could result from progression both of silicosis and meta-tuberculous pneumofi brosis. Suggestions are to monitor diffusion ability of lungs and echocardiographic parameters for evaluation of silicotuberculosis progression degree.
- Published
- 2018
27. Risk factors and control strategies for silicotuberculosis as an occupational disease
- Author
-
Hassan Rajabi-Vardanjani, Abdolmajid Ghasemian, Morvarid Shafiei, Majid Eslami, and Farshad Nojoomi
- Subjects
Human immunodeficiency virus co-infection ,0301 basic medicine ,Silicotuberculosis ,Medical surveillance ,Tuberculosis ,030106 microbiology ,Control (management) ,Occupational disease ,Microbiology ,occupational infections ,Occupational safety and health ,lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases ,03 medical and health sciences ,Silicosis ,Environmental health ,risk factors ,Medicine ,lcsh:RC109-216 ,business.industry ,silicotuberculosis ,Mini-Review ,medicine.disease ,030104 developmental biology ,Infectious Diseases ,Community setting ,business - Abstract
Silicotuberculosis is critical in community settings among workers and employees exposed to silica dust. Older age of entry (>30 years), male sex, infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), exposure duration, smoking, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, migration, the severity of the silicosis and the intensity of the exposure are potential risk factors. Lack of timely diagnosis and treatment for tuberculosis (TB) may also raise the rate of infection; previous treatment of TB is possibly associated with the development of silicotuberculosis in more than half of patients, increasing with age (>40 years). Identification of risk factors benefits not only the academic research community, but also the workers or employees and policy making. Some strategies can be implemented, such as controlling or reducing exposure to silica dust, ensuring continuity of treatment of TB or extended anti-TB treatment, management of the situation by occupational health professionals, prevention of oscillating migration, providing workers with compensation, training and education in occupational health, improving the quality of life of miners and workers, intensive medical surveillance and TB screening in routine health check ups, and policy making for higher immunity to inhibit inhalation of dust by workers or employees. Keywords: Human immunodeficiency virus co-infection, occupational infections, risk factors, silicotuberculosis
- Published
- 2019
28. Deadly dust: Silicotuberculosis as a downplayed and overlooked fatal disease in Indonesia.
- Author
-
Djatioetomo YCED and Marhana IA
- Abstract
Background: Silicosis is one of the most common diseases among all occupational diseases. The main clinical focus on the silicosis complication will be tuberculosis., Case Presentation: A 28-year-old male presented with complaints of chronic dry cough, weight loss, decreased appetite, and night sweats. The patient worked in the synthetic leather factory for 7 years and rarely used proper protective equipment. Chest X-ray showed bilateral fibroinfiltrate as a sign of a specific process in the lungs. Thoracic HRCT suggested an infected cystic type of bronchiectasis. Bronchoalveolar lavage from bronchoscopy was performed. The result of the silica spectrophotometric test and GenXpert BAL was both positive for silicosis and tuberculosis, consecutively. The patient has been diagnosed with an occupational lung disease accompanied by tuberculosis complications, namely silicotuberculosis. The patient received tuberculosis therapy and was advised to an early retirement due to disability., Discussion: The duration and level of intensity of exposure, as well as the severity of silicosis, are factors of tuberculosis. The silicosis diagnosis can be made from occupational history or silica exposure, as well as appropriate radiological and histopathological findings., Conclusion: Silicotuberculosis is a disease due to silica exposure, and is often found in TB endemic countries., Competing Interests: Yovita Citra Eka Dewi Djatioetomo and Isnin Anang Marhana declare that they no conflict of interest., (© 2022 The Authors.)
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Silikóza a banícka pneumokonióza na Slovensku v rokoch 1981-2010.
- Author
-
Buchancová, J., Švihrová, V., Legáth, L., Osina, O., Hudečková, H., and Zibolenová, J.
- Abstract
Introduction and objective: Pneumoconiosis belongs permanently to serious occupational diseases. They occurred in considerable numbers also in Slovakia, especially in connection with the mining and processing of ores, and construction of railway tunnels in severe working conditions. The diseases often affected young people, and developed even as early as after 3 to 7 years of work at risk. These diseases markedly complicated and shortened the life. The aim of the work was a longitudinal study of the group of patients with acknowledged occupational disease. Material and methods: The entry criteria for selection of the disease: item No. 33 of the List of Occupational Diseases of CSSR, SR time period of 1981 to 2010. Analyzed data: acknowledgement of 33-1 simple silicosis, 33-2 complicated silicosis, 33-3 silicotuberculosis and 33-4 coal workers' pneumoconiosis, the incidence according to age, sex, industrial branch and area of health institutions. The descriptive methods of statistical analysis were used. Results: In the 30 year period 1127 cases of pneumoconiosis were acknowledged in item 33 in the Slovak Republic, 787 of the cases being simple silicosis, 82 cases of complicated silicosis, 166 cases of silicotuberculosis and 92 diseases of coal workers' pneumoconiosis. The annual rate revealed decreasing tendency with the exception of 1991, when the X-ray criteria indicating the limit for acknowledgement of occupational disease in simple and coal workers' pneumoconiosis were reduced. That was the years when occupational diseases were acknowledged additionally in the Slovak Republic in the same way as in the Czech Republic (at the time of politic climate changes after November of 1989) as well as cases of increased risk of occupational diseases of respiratory system in the miner occupations. In the ten years of 1981 to 1990 520 cases of pneumoconiosis were acknowledged with 123 cases of silicotuberculosis (24% of this cohort), whereas in the ten years of 2001 to 2010 there were 214 cases of pneumoconiosis and only 9 cases of silicotuberculosis (4% of this cohort). The numbers of simple and complicated silicosis decreased markedly. The numbers of coal miner pneumoconiosis in the three compared decades were in the range of 30 (years 1981 to 1990) through 37 (years 1991 to 2000) to 31 cases (years 2001 to 2010). Most pneumoconioses were acknowledged in the branch of coal and ore mining. The positive tendency in the years of 2001 to 2010 is suggested by the fact that among 214 cases of pneumoconiosis, 97 pneumoconioses were acknowledged at the age of 60 and higher. In these previous miners at the retirement age, however, there were most - 11 -- cases of silicotuberculosis, which draws attention to importance of epidemiological vigilance. Only 7 cases of pneumoconiosis were acknowledged at the age of up to 40 years and no cases of complicated silicosis was detected. There were 4 women in the cohort, 3 of them with simple silicosis and one with silicotuberculosis 3 years after the acknowledgement of simple silicosis after 60 years of life. The highest number of pneumoconioses was acknowledged in the Košice region, where there were also most cases of silicotuberculosis. The second position in the number of pneumoconioses, mainly silicosis and coal miner pneumoconiosis was occupied by the Trenčín region. The decreasing numbers of pneumoconioses is associated with reduction of coal and ore mining, decreased production in metallurgy, which became manifest in the Slovak Republic after 1990 by decreasing numbers of workers exposed to work at risk. Moreover, more consistent hygienic-technical procedures were introduced including protection and promotion of health of the employees. The decrease of silicotuberculosis follows the decrease of tuberculosis incidence in the Slovak population. Pneumoconioses belong to preventable diseases. It is the task od the society, public health and occupational medicine to contribute of improvement of primary prevention to uncover and reduce the works at risk in so far unregistered working activities with the risk of fibrogenous dust. In the dispensarization of the patients by occupational medicine workplaces is necessary to at least slow down the progress by remedies of secondary prevention including setting right the life style in this group of patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2012
30. Evaluation of Destructive and Reparative Processes in the Liver in Experimental Chronic Granulomatosis of Mixed (Silicotic and Tuberculous) Etiology.
- Author
-
Skurupiy, V., Nadeev, A., and Karpov, M.
- Subjects
- *
LIVER regeneration , *GRANULOMATOSIS with polyangiitis , *ETIOLOGY of diseases , *SILICOSIS , *SILICOTUBERCULOSIS , *INTRAVENOUS injections , *FIBROSIS - Abstract
Experimental silicosis and silicotuberculosis induced by intravenous injection of silicon dioxide particles are characterized by extensive degenerative and necrotic processes in the liver parenchyma. After 6 months, fibrosis of portal tracts in silicotuberculosis and silicosis was 2.8- and 1.4-fold more pronounced that in BCG granulomatosis and silicosis, respectively. Depression of cellular and intracellular regeneration processes in the liver parenchyma was also observed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Analysis of Fibrotic Depositions in Granulomas in Chronic Silicotuberculosis in Mice.
- Author
-
Karpov, M., Skurupiy, V., and Nadeev, A.
- Subjects
- *
FIBROSIS , *GRANULOMA , *SILICOTUBERCULOSIS , *LABORATORY mice , *SILICA , *FIBROBLASTS , *BCG vaccines , *MYCOBACTERIA - Abstract
The stimulating effect of silicon dioxide on fibroblast proliferation in granulomas of male CBA mice surpasses that of BCG vaccine mycobacteria. The number of fibroblasts in granulomas after combined treatment with BCG and SiO increased by more than 3 times compared to individual treatment with BCG and by 2 times compared to treatment with SiO alone. In silicosis and silicotuberculosis, collagen and argyrophilic fibers in granulomas during the period from 4 to 6 months after administration of granulomogenic factors occupied more than 90% granuloma volume, which 3-fold surpassed the corresponding parameter in mice infected with BCG vaccine alone. In silicosis, pronounced fibrosis was determined by relatively high proliferative and synthetic activities of fibroblasts, while in silicotuberculosis it was achieved due to significantly higher proliferative activity against the background of lower synthetic activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Experimental Cytomorphological Studies of the Reaction of Mononuclear Phagocyte System in Granulomatosis of Mixed (Silicotic and Tuberculous) Etiology.
- Author
-
Shkurupy, V., Nadeev, A., Karpov, M., and Bugrimova, Yu.
- Subjects
- *
EXPERIMENTAL medicine , *IMMUNE system , *PHAGOCYTES , *ETIOLOGY of diseases , *MYCOBACTERIUM tuberculosis , *BCG vaccines , *FIBROBLASTS , *SILICOTUBERCULOSIS - Abstract
Silicon dioxide in combination with Mycobacterium tuberculosis in BCG vaccine is characterized by a significantly higher granuloma-inducing activity than BCG or silicon dioxide alone. Cell 'dissociation' from granulomas is not characteristic of granulomas induced by silicon dioxide or its combination with BCG (in contrast to BCG-induced granulomas). A steady increase in the counts and size, particularly on days 120-180, mainly at the expense of fibroblast accumulation and subtotal fibrosis, are intrinsic to these granulomas. Monocyte retention in the bone marrow is characteristic starting from day 56 until day 180 after injection of both granulomatous factors alone or in combination, particularly so in BCG granulomatosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Maximal expiratory flow volume values evaluation among female quartz grinders.
- Author
-
Rao, Nellore Mohan, Takiar, Ramnath, and Sharma, Yashwant K.
- Subjects
- *
DUST diseases , *SILICOTUBERCULOSIS , *SILICOSIS , *RESPIRATORY obstructions , *OBSTRUCTIVE lung diseases , *SILICON - Abstract
Background: A recent review in silica dust exposed workers focused on airway obstruction and the variables used were forced vital capacity (FVC), FEV1 and FEV1%. The maximal expiratory flow volume (MEFV) values i.e., peak expiratory flow (PEF), FEF75, FEF 50 and FEF25 are not only useful to differentiate obstructive and restrictive type of functional abnormalities, but also the site of airway obstruction i.e., larger airways by PEF, FEF75 or smaller airways by FEF50, FEF25. Hence, studies on MEFV values are needed. Aims: To identify the site of airway obstruction among female quartz grinders. Settings and Design: Quartz grinding industry workers in Chota Udepur (Gujarat) by cross sectional study. Materials and Methods: The MEFV values were measured among 106 female quartz grinders using SP-10 computerized spirometer and predicted and percentage of predicted values were derived. The average MEF values were compared according to age (<24; 25–34; 35–44 and >45 yrs). The percentage predicted MEFV values were compared between normal and chest X-ray abnormal (silicosis and silico-tuberculosis) workers and between normal and abnormal spirometry (restrictive (R), obstructive (O) and R+O) workers. Statistical Analysis: Summary statistics, ANOVA and X²-test. Results: Significantly high reduction in MEFV values in > 45 yr. Workers; significant loss in silicosis and silicotuberculosis pronouncing higher in silicotuberculosis workers; significantly higher impairment R+O type of functional abnormal than other type of abnormalities. These indicated that site of obstruction is both in larger and smaller airways. Conclusions: The MEFV values indicated that the site of obstruction is in both in smaller and larger airways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Silicotuberculosis with Esophagobronchial Fistula and Broncholithiasis
- Author
-
Li Li, Xiao Wei Sun, Hua Zhang, and Chun Ling Zhang
- Subjects
Silicotuberculosis ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Tuberculosis ,Fistula ,Silicosis ,Case Report ,Lithiasis ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,Esophageal Fistula ,lcsh:RC963-969 ,03 medical and health sciences ,Esophagus ,0302 clinical medicine ,Bronchoscopy ,Recurrence ,medicine ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Lung diseases ,Aged ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,medicine.disease ,Surgery ,Endoscopy ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Esophagography ,lcsh:Industrial medicine. Industrial hygiene ,Female ,Bronchial Fistula ,business - Abstract
A 69-year-old woman was admitted to hospital 4 times from November 2007 to June 2009. The patient had silicosis complicated by broncholithiasis, esophagobronchial fistula, and relapsed tuberculosis. She had worked as a stone crusher for 3 years and was exposed to a large amount of quartz dust. Barium esophagography, gastroesophageal endoscopy, and biopsy suggested esophageal-related chronic inflammation and ulcer, which probably caused the repeated esophagobronchial fistulas observed. Bronchoscopy revealed a free broncholithiasis in the left main bronchus. The patient was readmitted a fourth time, for the relapse of silicotuberculosis. After 9 months of antituberculous therapy, she was doing well until the recent last follow-up visit.
- Published
- 2017
35. Silicotuberculosis with oesophagobronchial fistulas and broncholithiasis: a case report
- Author
-
Hua Zhang, Zhan Wang, Li Li, Hua Xiao, Xiao Wei Sun, and Chun-Ling Zhang
- Subjects
Silicotuberculosis ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Medicine (General) ,Tuberculosis ,broncholithiasis ,Silicosis ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,Lithiasis ,Biochemistry ,03 medical and health sciences ,Esophageal Fistula ,0302 clinical medicine ,R5-920 ,oesophagobronchial fistula ,Bronchoscopy ,Biopsy ,Isoniazid ,Medicine ,Humans ,Special Issue: Palliation of Breathlessness and Dyspnoea ,Antibiotics, Antitubercular ,Aged ,Bronchus ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,Biochemistry (medical) ,Cell Biology ,General Medicine ,medicine.disease ,Bronchial Fistula ,Pyrazinamide ,Surgery ,Endoscopy ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Treatment Outcome ,tuberculosis ,030211 gastroenterology & hepatology ,Female ,Stents ,Esophagoscopy ,Rifampin ,business - Abstract
A 76-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital four times from November 2007 to June 2009. In this complex case, the patient had silicosis complicated by broncholithiasis, oesophagobronchial fistulas, and relapsed tuberculosis. She had worked as a stone crusher for 3 years and was exposed to a large amount of quartz dust. Barium oesophagography, gastroesophageal endoscopy, and biopsy suggested oesophageal-related chronic inflammation and ulceration, which may have caused the repeated oesophagobronchial fistulas. Bronchoscopy revealed a free broncholithiasis in the left mainstem bronchus. The patient was admitted a fourth time because of silicotuberculosis relapse. After 9 months of antituberculosis treatment, the patient recovered and was still clinically well at the time of this writing.
- Published
- 2017
36. Cohort Mortality Study of North American Industrial Sand Workers. II. Case-referent Analysis of Lung Cancer and Silicosis Deaths.
- Author
-
Hughes, J. M., Weill, H., Rando, R. J., Shi, R., McDonald, A. D., and McDonald, J. C.
- Subjects
MORTALITY ,LUNG cancer ,SILICOSIS ,SILICOTUBERCULOSIS ,DUST diseases ,LUNG diseases ,OCCUPATIONAL diseases ,OCCUPATIONAL hazards ,INDUSTRIAL hygiene - Abstract
Background: A cohort mortality study of 2670 men in nine North American industrial sand plants resulted in 83 deaths from lung cancer 20 or more years after hire (standardized mortality ratio 139) and 37 deaths from silicosis (including seven from silico-tuberculosis). The lung cancer excess was unrelated to duration of employment and not found in all plants. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 2001
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Computer-Aided Detection for Tuberculosis and Silicosis in Chest Radiographs of Southern African Gold Miners
- Author
-
Annalee Yassi, Stephen Barker, Cheryl Young, Rodney Ehrlich, and Barry Kistnasamy
- Subjects
Silicotuberculosis ,Research ethics ,education.field_of_study ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Tuberculosis ,business.industry ,Population ,Disease ,medicine.disease ,Silicosis ,Family medicine ,Medicine ,business ,education ,Disease burden ,Mass screening - Abstract
Background: The South African gold mining sector has been for over one hundred years a considerable source of tuberculosis and silicosis disease burden across southern Africa. Reading chest radiographs (CXRs) is an expert and time intensive process necessary for the screening and diagnosis of lung disease and the provision of evidence for compensation claims. Our study explores the use of computer-aided detection (CAD) of both tuberculosis (TB) and silicosis in a population with a high incidence of both diseases. Methods: A set of 330 CXRs with human expert-determined classifications of silicosis, tuberculosis, silcotuberculosis, and normal were provided to each of four health technology companies. Ability of each of their respective CAD systems to provide accurate quantitative predictions for each CXR was assessed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis of the under the curve (AUC) metric. Findings Three of the four systems differentiated accurately between TB and normal images (AUCs 0·989 [95% CI 0·975-1·0], 0·963 [0·930-0·996], and 0·980 [0·961-0·998]), while two differentiated accurately between silicosis and normal images (AUCs 0·986 [0·960-1·0], 0·939 [0·901-0·978]). Inclusion of silicotuberculosis images reduced each system's ability to detect either disease from the set of CXRs. In differentiating between any abnormal CXR from normal CXRs, the most accurate system achieved a sensitivity and specificity both of 98·2%. Interpretation: The use of CAD as a tool in mass screening for TB and silicosis in a population with a high burden of both diseases shows considerable promise, but current ability of CAD to differentiate between the two diseases is limited. Retraining of the systems with more silicosis CXRs and adding information about past work exposure into the screening tool may improve accuracy. Funding Statement: Canadian Institutes of Health Research, Canada Research Council, and the Department of International Development, United Kingdom. Declaration of Interests: The authors declare no competing interests. Ethics Approval Statement: Ethics approval was provided by the University of British Columbia Behavioural Research Ethics Board (H18-01793) and the University of Cape Town Faculty of Health Sciences Human Research Ethics Committee (HREC REF: 563/2019).
- Published
- 2019
38. Impacto de la Tuberculosis en la Sobrevida del Paciente con Silicosis y Factores Predictores de Mortalidad, Hospital Carlos A. Seguín Escobedo, 2018-2023
- Author
-
Cervera Farfán, Luis, Medina Calatayud, Giuliana Ynés, Cervera Farfán, Luis, and Medina Calatayud, Giuliana Ynés
- Abstract
Siendo la minería la principal actividad económica en nuestro país y la Tuberculosis la principal causa de muerte por agente infeccioso, la Coexistencia de ambas enfermedades crónicas, silentes y mortales podrían agravar la condición de vida y el riesgo de mortalidad en nuestros pacientes mineros. El subdiagnóstico, la falta de cumplimiento de los Protocolos establecidos para ambas enfermedades, nos llevan a plantear un aumento en su mortalidad si es que ambas enfermedades coexisten y hacen necesario identificar los factores de riesgo asociados. Los materiales y métodos empleados para la ejecución de este trabajo serán preparados previamente y arreglados conforme a la necesidad de recolectar datos fehacientes y reales. La obtención de datos se realizará a través de fichas elaboradas para recolectar variables, que constituirían criterios de diagnóstico, seguimiento y factores de mortalidad. La población de estudio será aquella de la que obtengamos datos claros, podamos realizar un correcto diagnóstico y seguimiento a largo plazo. PALABRAS CLAVE Silicotuberculosis, impacto, mortalidad.
- Published
- 2018
39. 746 Evaluation of pneumoconiosis in turkey’s annual statistics of occupational diseases between 2006 and 2015
- Author
-
Abdulsamet Sandal, Seval Müzeyyen Ecin, Ali Yildiz, and Adem Koyuncu
- Subjects
Silicotuberculosis ,Hard metal ,business.industry ,Pneumoconiosis ,Asbestosis ,medicine.disease ,medicine.disease_cause ,Asbestos ,Stannosis ,Silicosis ,Statistics ,Medicine ,business ,Aluminosis - Abstract
Introduction Republic of Turkey Social Security Institution (SSI) is the institution responsible for statistics of occupational diseases in Turkey by law. We aimed to evaluate proportion of pneumoconiosis in occupational diseases and occupational pulmonary diseases in annual statistics reports of SSI. Methods Annual statistics reports published between 2006–2015 by SSI were evaluated. Diagnoses classified as pneumoconiosis in reports published before 2013 were coal worker’s pneumoconiosis, asbestos or other mineral fibre induced pneumoconiosis, talcosis, silicosis, aluminosis, boxide fibrosis, beriliosis, graphite fibrosis, siderosis, stannosis, and other unclassified pneumoconiosis. Diagnoses classified as pneumoconiosis in reports published starting from 2013 were silicosis and silicotuberculosis, asbestosis, silicatosis, siderosis, and pneumoconiosis induced by hard metal dusts, aluminium, and its compounds. Result Total numbers of cases with occupational diseases varied between 351 and 1208 in annual reports of SSI. Most frequent occupational diseases were pneumoconiosis and diseases induced by lead and its dusts. When occupational diseases listed according to the frequency, rank of pneumoconiosis was 1 or 2 in all of the evaluated years. Total numbers of cases with pneumoconiosis varied between 68–1010. Percentage of pneumoconiosis in all cases with occupational diseases and in cases with occupational pulmonary diseases varied between 19.3%–83.6% and 80.2%–99.3% respectively. Discussion Despite low total numbers of occupational diseases in the annual SSI statistics, pneumoconiosis constitutes the major proportion of occupational diseases in Turkey. This could be a result of directive about dust induced diseases which defines periodical health surveillance for workers with high-risk occupations. Proper application of initial assessment of fitness and health surveillance for workers with current or prior history of risk of pneumoconiosis may increase diagnoses.
- Published
- 2018
40. Rare Complications of Silica Dust Exposure.
- Author
-
El-Dein Omar Shalaby, Alaa, Kamel, Khaled Mahmoud, El-Dein Al-Halfawy, Ahmad Serag, Amin, Hassan Mahmoud, Hussein, Sabah Ahmed Mohamed, Yamamah, Hassan Gamal, and Abdel-Hamid, Hoda Mohamed Mahmoud
- Subjects
- *
SILICOSIS , *SILICA dust , *INTERSTITIAL lung diseases , *DISEASE complications , *LUNG diseases , *OCCUPATIONAL diseases - Abstract
Crystalline silica inhalation causes silicosis, one of the ancient occupational lung diseases. It leads to an irreversible fibrotic response in the lung parenchyma and, consequently, causes diffuse interstitial lung disease. Asymptomatic to chronic irreversible forms are various presentations of silicosis, which has a high-risk predisposition to various comorbidities. We documented two cases of rare presentations of silica dust exposure alveolar silicoproteinosis and silicotuberculosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. The pathologist's view of silicosis in 1930 and in 2015. The Johannesburg Conference legacy
- Author
-
Jean-François Bernaudin and Marianne Kambouchner
- Subjects
Silicotuberculosis ,Pathology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Silicosis ,Pneumoconiosis ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Medicine ,Turning point ,business ,medicine.disease - Abstract
The 1930 International Labour Office Conference on silicosis in Johannesburg was a turning point in the history of silicosis and in the recognition of the associated pathologic patterns. Since 1930, pneumoconioses such as silicosis have become much rarer in developed countries and can now be diagnosed at an early stage based on clinical and radiologic criteria. However, in spite of these advances, pathologists must remember to look for silica in tissues, particularly when clinical and radiologic findings are more uncertain. Furthermore, nowadays pathologists essentially observe silicotic lesions as incidental findings adjacent to lung cancers. In addition to identifying the characteristic lesions, pathologists must also try to identify their causative agent, in the case of crystalline silica firstly by using polarized light examination, followed as appropriate by more sophisticated devices. Finally, pathologists and clinicians must always keep in mind the various implications of exposure to silica compounds in a wide range of diseases.
- Published
- 2015
42. Complicated silicotuberculosis in a South African gold miner: A case report
- Author
-
Tolu Oni and Rodney Ehrlich
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Silicotuberculosis ,Tuberculosis ,business.industry ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Cumulative Exposure ,Disease ,medicine.disease ,Pneumothorax ,Pulmonary tuberculosis ,Silicosis ,medicine ,Post-exposure prophylaxis ,Intensive care medicine ,business - Abstract
We present a case of complicated silicotuberculosis in a former gold miner with a sufficiently heavy silica dust exposure to cause International Labor Organization grade 2/2 silicosis after a cumulative exposure duration of 11 years. We describe a cascade of complications-active pulmonary tuberculosis despite recent isoniazid prophylactic therapy, non-tuberculous mycobacterial disease, chronic airways obstruction, and spontaneous pneumothorax-and the difficulties, which arose, in diagnosis and management of such combined disease. We highlight three implications of such cases: the need to understand the interaction of silicosis and tuberculosis in this setting, the importance of maintaining continuity of care in the management of these conditions in miners and former miners, and control of silica dust exposure as a primary form of prevention of tuberculosis.
- Published
- 2015
43. Farewell, king coal!
- Author
-
Anthony Seaton
- Subjects
Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine ,Natural resource economics ,Pulmonary emphysema ,Silicosis ,Population ,Industrial pollution ,complex mixtures ,Silicotuberculosis ,03 medical and health sciences ,Human health ,0302 clinical medicine ,Risk Factors ,Occupational Exposure ,Prevalence ,Humans ,Medicine ,Coal ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Causation ,education ,education.field_of_study ,business.industry ,Coal mining ,Dust ,Quartz ,respiratory system ,Coal Mining ,United Kingdom ,respiratory tract diseases ,Occupational Diseases ,Pulmonary Emphysema ,030228 respiratory system ,Workforce ,business - Abstract
Coal mining provided the power for the industrial development of the West, at great cost to the health of the workforce and, from industrial pollution, of the population. Medical appreciation of the diseases of miners was slow to develop and has been marked by controversy relating to the roles of coal and quartz and the causation of emphysema. Research by the MRC and the British coal industry resolved these issues as the industry itself declined. However, from the research has come an understanding of the influence of inhalation of different inhaled pollutants on human health that has been applied to predicting and preventing possible hazards of developing nanotechnologies.
- Published
- 2016
44. Silicomicobacteriosis (SM), diagnosis and prognosis, follow up 2,5 years
- Author
-
Galina P. Orlova and Vera A. Kartavova
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Silicotuberculosis ,business.industry ,Pneumoconiosis ,030106 microbiology ,Bronchial mucosa ,Inactive tuberculosis ,medicine.disease ,Gastroenterology ,03 medical and health sciences ,Stenosis ,Silicosis ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,business ,Tb treatment ,Lung function - Abstract
Aim: to evaluate the peculiarities of SM manifestation during 2,5 years observation. Methods: Among 250 patients with pneumoconiosis (PC) 32 patients (12,8%, 23 men, 9 females, mean age 61,1±1,7 yrs., 36.7% - smokers) were examined: 30 - with silicotuberculosis, 2 - with coniomicobakteriosis. The diagnosis was verified histologically in 15 cases. In 4 cases (13%) SM developed in 10-45 years after the diagnosis of silicosis (S). In 2 patients S was developed on the background of inactive tuberculosis (TB). X-ray, CT, complex lung function examination, echocardiography (EchoCG), fibrobronchoscopy (FBS) were performed. 9 patients received TB therapy. 12 patients were followed for 2,5±0,8 yrs. Results: SM was diagnosed in 1,5±0,5 years after the X-ray changes. FBS revealed scarry-pigmental changes (0,94) and infiltration (0,06) of the bronchial mucosa, stenosis of the bronchi (0,33). Obstructive type of function disorders (0.44) was more common than restrictive one (0,19, p Conclusion: SM is 12,8% of patients with a PC. Preventive courses of TB treatment improves the prognosis SM. Annual echocardiographic monitoring should be carried out for the ST progression control.
- Published
- 2017
45. Progressive Massive Fibrosis with Mixed Obstructive and Restrictive Lung Disease and Latent Period of Five Decades.
- Author
-
RAMACHANDRA PAI, RAJASREE PAI, DOSHI, RIDDHI PRAKASH, KANGATH, RAGHESH VAROT, and MCNAMEE, MICHAEL
- Subjects
FIBROSIS ,COAL miners ,SILICOTUBERCULOSIS ,PATHOLOGICAL physiology ,DISEASES - Abstract
The article discusses research on progressive massive fibrosis (PMF). It describes a case of a 71-year-old male who worked in a coal mine for 12 years, and presented with shortness of breath on moderate exertion, chest discomfort and dry cough for two months. It presents an overview of a study in a Brazilian hospital which discovered 119 undiagnosed cases of silicotuberculosis in persons exposed to silica dust. It describes the pathophysiology and diagnosis of PMF in patients.
- Published
- 2011
46. Seorang Penderita Siliko Tuberkulosis dengan Penyulit Pneumotoraks
- Author
-
Vinodini Merinda and Winariani Koesoemoprodjo
- Subjects
Silicotuberculosis ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Lung ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,medicine.medical_treatment ,respiratory system ,medicine.disease ,Chest pain ,respiratory tract diseases ,Surgery ,Chronic cough ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Silicosis ,medicine ,Thoracoscopy ,Bricklayer ,media_common.cataloged_instance ,medicine.symptom ,business ,Pleurodesis ,Secondary spontaneous pneumothorax ,media_common - Abstract
Background: Silicosis is a lung disease caused by the work because of respirable crystalline silica. Often occurs in workers mining gold, iron, tin, granite, sandstone, slate, foundries, cement, ceramics and glass. The risk of silicosis develop into lung tuberculosis (TB) is higher than patients without silicosis. Another complication of silicosis is secondary spontaneous pneumothorax. Case : A man, 45 years old with a history of work as a bricklayer for 5 years with complaints shortness of breath since three days before admitted to the hospital, chest pain in the right hemithorax, and had chronic cough. Patients is on ATD therapy. From radiographic there is collapse lung, it was shown collapse line on the right hemithorax, and fibroinfiltrat with multiple cavities on both hemithorax. Patients then got chest tube insertion and evaluation for 3 weeks, but the lung has not expanded. From thoracoscopy, there is fibrotic band on the pleural space with conclution right trapped lung. From forcep biopsy on visceral pleura showed a widened alveolar epithelial layer coated with a pile of inflammatory lymphocytes and dust pigments. From broncoscopy, there is chronic lung inflamation. Spectrophotometric analysis from BAL specimens results showed a silica content of 4.25 ppm SiO2 from left BAL an 14.34 ppm SiO2 on the right BAL. Furthurmore, this patient got pleurodesis using betadine agent and continue the ATD. Evaluation the lung is fully expanded. Conclusion : This case illustrates the secondary spontaneous pneumothorax as a complication of silicotuberkulosis. No drug has proven effective for silicosis. Treatment is aimed to the disease complications that occur, in this case is secondary spontaneous pneumothorax and lung TB. Prevention at workplaces that have a risk of silicosis is very important.
- Published
- 2019
47. Silicosis pulmonar: hallazgos radiológicos en la tomografía computarizada
- Author
-
J. Calatayud Moscoso Del Prado, M. González Vázquez, D. Castellón Plaza, F. Tardáguila Montero, and C. Trinidad López
- Subjects
Silicotuberculosis ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Lung ,Caplan Syndrome ,business.industry ,Pneumoconiosis ,Asbestosis ,Occupational disease ,respiratory system ,medicine.disease ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Silicosis ,medicine ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,Radiology ,Occupational lung disease ,business - Abstract
Silicosis is an occupational lung disease, which is caused by the inhalation of silica and affects a wide range of jobs. There are many clinical forms of silicosis: acute silicosis, results from exposure to very large amounts of silica dust over a period of less than 2 years. Simple chronic silicosis, the most common type that we see today, results from exposure to low amounts of silica between 2 and 10 years. Chronic silicosis complicated, with silicotic conglomerates. In many cases the diagnosis of silicosis is made according to epidemiological and radiological data, without a histological confirmation. It is important to know the various radiological manifestations of silicosis to differentiate it from other lung diseases and to recognize their complications. The objective of this work is to describe typical and atypical radiological findings of silicosis and their complications in helical and high resolution (HRCT) thorax CT.
- Published
- 2013
48. Silicosis, tuberculosis time bomb?
- Author
-
Raquel Duarte, Luís Baía, A. Rita Gaio, V. Melo, and Instituto de Saúde Pública
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,0301 basic medicine ,Silicotuberculosis ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Pediatrics ,Time Factors ,Tuberculosis ,Silicosis ,030106 microbiology ,Population ,MEDLINE ,Logistic regression ,Risk Assessment ,Occupational safety and health ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Materials Chemistry ,Humans ,Medicine ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Intensive care medicine ,education ,Tuberculosis incidence ,Tuberculosis, Pulmonary ,lcsh:RC705-779 ,education.field_of_study ,Portugal ,business.industry ,lcsh:Diseases of the respiratory system ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Surgery ,030228 respiratory system ,Western europe ,Female ,Risk assessment ,business - Abstract
Setting: Portugal has the highest tuberculosis incidence in Western Europe and in two small northern regions it is more frequently associated with silicosis. Objective: The aim of the present study was to characterize the risk factors associated with silico-tuberculosis and non-silico-tuberculosis patients within the tuberculosis population between 1 January 1999 and 31 December 2012 in Portugal and to identify the possible differences in the diagnosis, treatment and outcome. Design: The study used the surveillance tuberculosis system database and a logistic regression analysis enhanced with boostrapping. Results: In the 13 years studied period, 16581 patients were diagnosed with TB - 205 with silicosis and 16376 without. Almost all (99%) of the silicotic population was male and lived in northern Portugal. When comparing both populations, the silicotuberculosis was more prone to being male (0 Conclusion: TB in silicotic patients is more difficult to diagnose and treat, emerging in older groups with no other risk factors for TB. TB awareness must be raised among medical doctors, especially among occupational health services.
- Published
- 2016
49. A rare adverse reaction to ethambutol: drug-induced haemolytic anaemia
- Author
-
Alessandro Perazzo, S. Karamichali, Piergiorgio Gatto, Ines Maria Grazia Piroddi, Antonello Nicolini, P Strada, and Cornelius Barlascini
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Silicotuberculosis ,Tuberculosis ,Anemia ,030106 microbiology ,Neuritis ,Antitubercular Agents ,Gastroenterology ,03 medical and health sciences ,Fatal Outcome ,Risk Factors ,Internal medicine ,Medicine ,Humans ,Adverse effect ,Ethambutol ,Aged ,business.industry ,Isoniazid ,bacterial infections and mycoses ,medicine.disease ,Infectious Diseases ,Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune ,business ,Rifampicin ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Anti-tuberculosis drugs seldom cause serious haematological side effects. However, among these drugs, isoniazid and rifampicin, especially when administered intermittently, may very rarely be linked to acute autoimmune haemolytic anaemia. Ethambutol (EMB) can cause dose-related retrobulbar neuritis. In this paper, we present the first reported case of acute fatal autoimmune haemolytic anaemia due to EMB.
- Published
- 2016
50. Pulmonary silicotuberculosis in an electrician male - Case report and literature review
- Author
-
Elena Danteș, Oana Cristina Arghir, Claudia Constandina, Stela Halichidis, Agripina Rascu, and Ana Maria Trăilescu
- Subjects
Silicotuberculosis ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Lung ,Tuberculosis ,business.industry ,Pneumoconiosis ,medicine.disease ,Chest pain ,Dermatology ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,Surgery ,miliary ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,exploratory thoracotomy ,Silicosis ,silicosis ,Radiological weapon ,Pulmonary fibrosis ,medicine ,Medicine ,medicine.symptom ,business ,pulmonary tuberculosis - Abstract
This is a case report of a pulmonary silicotuberculosis in a former smoker, male, 43 years old, having 21 years of occupational exposure to particulate coniotic-free crystalline-silicon dioxide as an electrician, developing symptoms as fever higher than 38°C, dry cough and diffuse chest pain, being diagnosed with miliary of the lung in 2002. Silicosis was confirmed later by histological exam obtained through an exploratory thoracotomy and it was included in the transient first to second stage of pneumoconiosis. Three years later, in July 2005, Pulmonary Tuberculosis was diagnosed by acid-fast stains positive smears. The evolution of the case was to a progressive deterioration till 2008, leading to silicosis stage III. Silicosis is a pulmonary fibrosis which must be always suspected in persons working in conditions of occupational exposure to dust of silicon dioxide, having suggestive radiological changes including micronodular radiological pattern or pseudotumoral one. Once the diagnosis of silicosis is confirmed, tuberculosis may be frequently associated. The more advanced silicosis is, the more the combination of the two diseases is commonly revealing and, often, the TB morbidity among workers in the silica industry exceeds that of general population. A hint orientation for the silicotuberculosis’ diagnosis, in this reported case, was represented by the radiological dynamic of the lesions. Tuberculosis lesions are less dense and imprecisely defined, located in upper lobes and develop necrotic centers.
- Published
- 2012
Catalog
Discovery Service for Jio Institute Digital Library
For full access to our library's resources, please sign in.