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Background: The first inquisitorial trials were against Muslims and Jews. Later, they focused on women, especially caregivers. Progressively, they were linked to witchcraft and sorcery because of their great care, generational and empirical knowledge. The historiography of health in the 15th–18th centuries still has important bibliographical and interpretative gaps in the care provided by women. Objective: To analyse the care provided by healers as health providers, accused by the Inquisition, justifying the importance of nursing in the diversity of community care in the 15th–18th centuries. Method: A scoping review was conducted following the Dialectical Structural Model of Care (DSMC). A database search was conducted for the period 2013–2022. Bibliographic and legislative resources were used. Cases and convictions from Castilla la Nueva were found in the National Historical Archive and the Diocesan Archive of Cuenca. Results: The concepts of healer, witch and sorceress envolved during the study period. They reflect and reveal the collective imaginary of the social structure. They had healing laboratories, practised psychological and sexual care. They used to accompany their therapeutic action with prayers and amulets. They shared their professional activity with their main denouncers, doctors, apothecaries and priests. They were usually women in socially vulnerable situations, who did not conform to social stereotypes. Conclusions: They were predecessors of today’s nursing, they overcame socio-cultural difficulties, although they were condemned for it. Healers did not manage to regulate their profession, but they acted as agents of health in a society that demanded them while participating in the “witch-hunt”.

The aim of this study was to understand the perspectives of female residents of Spain from West Africa in terms of the factors that condition their lives. Pierre Bourdieu’s theory and the model of intersectionality formed the framework we used to qualitatively analyse the life stories of these women, which was complemented with life lines. The results showed us that traditional practices such as female genital mutilation and forced marriage are part of the social habitus of this group and they relate to each other through the several types of violence that occurs throughout their lives. In addition, in reference to the African community, these women were no longer African, while in terms of the Spanish community, they did not seem Spanish. At a health, political, and social level, this knowledge can help us to understand this group and to create personalised targeted interventions for them.

El propósito de esta editorial es reflexionar sobre las controversias generadas por las nue vas ideologías transhumanistas y poshumanistas respecto a la humanización de los cuidados. Asimismo, se aporta un remedio ante las consecuencias de estas ideologías despersonalizadoras: la poesía de los cuidados. The purpose of this editorial is to reflect on the controversies generated by the new trans-humanist and post-humanist ideologies regarding the humanisation of care. It also offers a remedy to the consequences of these depersonalising ideologies: the poetry of care. O objectivo deste editorial é reflectir sobre as controvérsias geradas pelas novas ideologias transumanistas e pós-humanistas relativamente à humanização dos cuidados de saúde. Oferece também um remédio para as consequências destas ideologias despersonalizantes: a poesia dos cuidados de saúde.

Objetivo: identificar el conocimiento, habilidades y percepciones del alumnado de enfermería sobre enfermería basada en la evidencia (EBE)1 y enfermería basada en la narrativa (EBN). Asimismo, clarificar la necesidad de combinar adecuadamente la EBE y la EBN en los cuidados de enfermería para potenciar su calidad y humanización. Método: dos principios del paradigma sociocrítico orientaron la investigación dado su carácter participativo. Se aplicó el cuestionario de autoevaluación sobre competencias en EBE y EBN (basado y modificado del CACH-PBE). Muestra: 57 alumnos de del grado de Enfermería en la Universidad de Alicante durante el año académico 2019-20. Resultados: el conocimiento de la EBN es mucho menor (12,2%) que el de la EBE (100%). Asimismo, los alumnos con formación en EBE es mayoritaria (96,4%) frente a la formación en EBN (21%). La percepción sobre EBN es negativa, pues son mayoría los alumnos que no quieren formación en esta temática (72%). Conclusiones: se han identificado los conocimientos, las expectativas y los sentimientos de los alumnos de enfermería sobre enfermería basada en la evidencia y enfermería basada en la narrativa durante sus prácticas clínicas siendo la EBE más conocida, estudiada y apreciada. Objective: To identify the knowledge, skills, and perceptions of nursing students about evidence-based nursing (EBN) and narrative-based nursing (NBN). Also, to clarify the need to adequately combine (EBN) and (NBN) in nursing care to enhance its quality and humanization. Methods: The principles of the socio-critical paradigm guided the research, given its participatory nature. The self-evaluation questionnaire on competencies in EBN and NBN” (based on and modified from CACH-PBE) was applied. Sample: 57 students of the nursing degree at the University of Alicante during the 2018-19 academic year. Results: Knowledge of NBN is much lower (12.2%) than EBN (100%). Likewise, students with training in EBN are in the majority (96.4%) compared to those with training in NBN (21%). The perception of EBN is negative, as the majority of students do not want training in this area (72%). Conclusions: The knowledge, expectations, and feelings of nursing students about evidence-based nursing and narrative-based nursing during their clinical practice have identified, is the most known, studied, and appreciated EBN.

Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-tcn-10.1177_10436596221119484 for The Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Health Inequities: A Photovoice Study With Nursing Students by Elena Andina-Díaz, José Siles-González, MCarmen Solano-Ruiz, Lindsay Welch, Gema Delblanco-Ubiergo and Nestor Serrano-Fuentes in Journal of Transcultural Nursing

Introducción: La lactancia materna a lo largo del tiempo ha reglado el modo de establecer relaciones, traspasando fronteras sociales y religiosas. La regulación jurídico-religiosa y médica de la lactancia andalusí, es un tema poco explorado a pesar de que actualmente continua en las sociedades islámicas. Objetivos: 1) Determinar la repercusión jurídico-religiosa de la lactancia en los siglos X-XV y su implicación para la sociedad musulmana actual; 2) Examinar las diferentes funciones de la nodriza andalusí; 3) Establecer la valoración social de la nodriza a través de su profesionalización. Metodología: Revisión histórica-narrativa. Se consultaron bases de datos y fuentes primarias. La selección documental siguió criterios de inclusión y exclusión. Resultados: Desde el nacimiento, los textos sagrados regulan los derechos de madre, padre, nodriza y recién nacido. Se legislan parentescos que regularán de por vida a nodriza y lactante; el parentesco de leche se equipara al de consanguinidad. La nodriza asumió además funciones de crianza y educación. Tuvo un papel decisivo para asegurar la supervivencia del lactante, por lo que llegó a ser un oficio con gran repercusión socio-sanitaria. Conclusión: Existen variables prácticas del cuidado materno-infantil. Se han de tener en cuenta para cuidar desde un marco de competencia cultural integrador. Introduction: Breastfeeding throughout time has regulated the way of establishing relationships, crossing social and religious boundaries. The legal-religious and medical regulation of Andalusian breastfeeding is a subject that has been little explored, although it continues to this day in Islamic societies. Objectives: 1) To determine the legal-religious repercussion of breastfeeding in the 10th-15th centuries and its implications for Muslim society today; 2) To examine the different functions of the Andalusian wet nurse; 3) To establish the social valuation of the wet nurse through her professionalization. Methodology: Historical-narrative review. Databases and primary sources were consulted. Documentary selection followed inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: From birth, sacred texts regulate the rights of mother, father, wet nurse and newborn. Kinships are legislated that will regulate for life the wet-nurse and the infant; the kinship of milk is equated to that of consanguinity. The wet nurse also assumed the functions of upbringing and education. This figure played a decisive role in ensuring the survival of the infant, which is why it became an occupation with great socio-health repercussions. Conclusion: There are practical variables of maternal and infant care that must be taken into account in order to provide culturally competent care. Introdução: A amamentação ao longo do tempo regulamentou a forma de estabelecer relações, atravessando fronteiras sociais e religiosas. A regulamentação jurídico-religiosa e médica da amamentação andaluza é um assunto pouco explorado, embora continue até hoje nas sociedades islâmicas. Objetivos: 1) Determinar a repercussão legal-religiosa da amamentação nos séculos X-XV e as suas implicações para a sociedade muçulmana de hoje; 2) Examinar as diferentes funções da ama de leite andaluza; 3) Estabelecer a valorização social da ama de leite através da sua profissionalização. Metodologia: Revisão histórico-narrativa. Foram consultadas bases de dados e fontes primárias. A seleção documental seguiu critérios de inclusão e exclusão. Resultados: Desde o nascimento, os textos sagrados regulam os direitos da mãe, do pai, da ama de leite e do recém-nascido. A legislação regula as amas de leite e a criança considerando-as parentes para toda a vida; o paren-tesco do leite é equiparado ao da consanguinidade. A ama de leite também assumiu as funções de criação e educação. Esta figura desempenhou um papel decisivo na garantia da sobrevivência da criança, razão pela qual se tornou uma ocupação com grandes repercussões sócio-sanitárias. Conclusão: Existem variáveis práticas de cuidados maternais e infantis que devem ser tidas em conta a fim de proporcionar cuidados culturalmente competentes.

Supplemental Material for Female Genital Mutilation as a Social Norm: Examining the Beliefs and Attitudes of Women in This Diaspora by Ana Isabel Gutierrez-García, Carmen Solano-Ruiz, Juana Perpiñá- Galvañ, José Siles- González and Ismael Jimenez- Ruiz in Qualitative Health Research

José Siles escribe una reseña sobre el libro de Fernando Ceballos " El manicomio: crónicas de una lógica que coloniza subjetividades". Jose Siles writes a review of Fernando Ceballos's book " The asylum: chronicles of a logic that colonizes subjectivities”. José Siles escreve uma crítica ao livro de Fernando Ceballos " O asilo: crónicas de uma lógica que coloniza as subjectividades".

Objetivo: identificar el conocimiento, habilidades y percepciones del alumnado de enfermería sobre enfermería basada en la evidencia (EBE)1 y enfermería basada en la narrativa (EBN)1. Asimismo, clarificar la necesidad de combinar adecuadamente la EBE y la EBN en los cui- dados de enfermería para potenciar su calidad y humanización. Método: dos principios del paradigma sociocrítico orientaron la investigación dado su carácter participativo. Se aplicó el cuestionario de autoevaluación sobre competencias en EBE y EBN (basado y modificado del CACH-PBE). Muestra: 57 alumnos de del grado de Enfermería en la Universidad de Alicante durante el año académico 2019-20. Resultados: el conocimiento de la EBN es mucho menor (12,2%) que el de la EBE (100%). Asimismo, los alumnos con formación en EBE es mayoritaria (96,4%) frente a la formación en EBN (21%). La percepción sobre EBN es negativa, pues son mayoría los alumnos que no quieren formación en esta temática (72%). Conclusiones: se han identificado los conocimientos, las expectativas y los sentimientos de los alumnos de enfermería sobre enfermería basada en la evidencia y enfermería basada en la narrativa durante sus prácticas clínicas siendo la EBE más conocida, estudiada y apreciada. Objective: To identify the knowledge, skills, and perceptions of nursing students about evidence-based nursing (EBN) and narrative-based nursing (NBN)1. Also, to clarify the need to adequately combine (EBN) and (NBN) in nursing care to enhance its quality and humanization. Methods: The principles of the socio-critical paradigm guided the research, given its participatory nature. The self-evaluation questionnaire on competencies in EBN and NBN” (based on and modified from CACH-PBE) was applied. Sample: 57 students of the nursing degree at the University of Alicante during the 2018-19 academic year. Results: Knowledge of NBN is much lower (12.2%) than EBN (100%). Likewise, students with training in EBN are in the majority (96.4%) compared to those with training in NBN (21%). The perception of EBN is negative, as the majority of students do not want training in this area (72%). Conclusions: The knowledge, expectations, and feelings of nursing students about evidence-based nursing and narrative-based nursing during their clinical practice have identified, is the most known, studied, and appreciated EBN.

José Siles writes a review of Manuel Valero,s book " Prohibited to Post Posters”. José Siles escribe una reseña del poemario de Manuel Valero “Prohibido fijar carteles”. José Siles escreve uma crítica à coleção de poemas de Manuel Valero "Prohibido fijar carteles".

El objetivo del estudio es identificar la incidencia de los planes de estudio en las semejanzas y diferencias generacionales de enfermeras asturianas en siglo XX. Desde la perspectiva aportada por la Historia social y cultural y tras realizar 40 entrevistas a enfermeras de la generación de Veteranas, Baby Boom, X y Millennials se obtienen múltiples cambios a nivel tecnológico, teórico y práctico. Sin embargo, a pesar de los planteamientos de género igualitarios ya integrados en el currículum de las enfermeras, la profesión de enfermería no ha podido librarse totalmente de la connotación de dependencia de género y de poder. The aim of the study is to identify the incidence of study plans on the generational similarities and differences of Asturian nurses in the 20th century. From the perspective provided by social and cultural history and after conducting 40 interviews with nurses from the generation of Veterans, Baby Boom, X and Millennials, multiple changes at the technological, theoretical and practical levels are obtained. However, in spite of the egalitarian gender approaches already integrated in the curriculum of the DUE, the nursing profession has not been able to totally free itself from the connotation of gender dependency and power.

Introducción: Las nuevas estrategias de enseñanza de los universitarios sugieren la integración de metodologías dinámicas en las que se trabaje activamente su pensamiento crítico. La fotografía reflexiva o Photovoice se ha utilizado en el ámbito educativo con el fin de formar conocimientos sobre la esfera social. Objetivo: desarrollar un proyecto educativo en la que, a través del Photovoice, se promoviera el pensamiento crítico en estudiantes de enfermería. Métodos: Investigación Acción Participativa, concretamente Photovoice. El proyecto educativo se llevó a cabo en tres contextos diferentes: estudiantes de enfermería de la Universidad de León (España), de Alicante (España) y de Southampton (Reino Unido). El tema elegido: el impacto que la pandemia COVID-19 estaba causando en grupos socioeconómicos bajos y minorías étnicas. Los alumnos salieron a la calle y fotografiaron dicho impacto. Cada fotografía la acompañaron de una explicación (narrativa). Posteriormente en el aula se realizó un grupo de discusión, mediante el que analizaron cualitativamente las fotografías/narrativas, estableciendo categorías. Para representar cada categoría, se seleccionaron fotografías. Finalmente se construyó una exposición fotográfica para promover la reflexión en el resto de la comunidad. Resultados: 84 alumnos participaron del proyecto. Las categorías “hambre”, “sin hogar”, “barrios desfavorecidos”, “trabajando en la calle”, “silencio en las calles” y “minorías étnicas” que emergieron de los datos sirvieron como hilo para que los estudiantes reflexionaran sobre el impacto que la pandemia COVID-19 estaba causando en grupos socioeconómicos bajos y minorías étnicas. Conclusiones: Este proyecto educativo mostró cómo, a través de la herramienta del Photovoice, se promovió el pensamiento crítico en estos estudiantes, en tres contextos diferentes. El Photovoice parece ser una herramienta original, simple y económica para promover pensamiento crítico de los universitarios respecto a las dimensiones sociales y culturales de la salud. Algo muy importante dado que ellos son futuros promotores de cambios de salud de la comunidad. Introduction: New teaching strategies for higher education suggest integrating dynamic methodologies. Thus, university students’ critical thinking can be actively worked. Reflective photography or photovoice has been used in the educational field to form knowledge about the social context. Goals: To develop an educational project where critical thinking is promoted in nursing students using photovoice. Methods: Participatory Action Research, specifically photovoice. The educational project was carried out in three different geographical areas: nursing students from the University of León (Spain), Alicante (Spain) and Southampton (United Kingdom). The chosen topic was the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on lower socioeconomic groups and ethnic minorities. The students accessed the community context and photographed this impact. Each photograph was accompanied by an explanation (narrative). Then, a discussion group was conducted in seminars where they analysed the photographs/narratives qualitatively, establishing categories. Photographs were selected to represent each category. Finally, a photographic exhibition was built to promote reflection at the community level. Results: 84 students participated in the project. The categories "hunger", "homeless", "disadvantaged neighbourhoods", "working in the streets", "silence in the streets" and "ethnic minorities" emerged from the data and served as a thread for students to reflect on the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on these vulnerable groups. Conclusions: This educational project, which used the photovoice tool, showed how critical thinking was promoted in students across different countries. Photovoice seems to be an original, simple, and inexpensive tool to encourage university students' critical thinking regarding the social and cultural dimensions of health. This is relevant since they are the future promoters of community health changes.

En este obituario se rinde sentido homenaje a la profesora Francisca Hernández Martín. Se hace un recorrido a través de las diferentes facetas que desarrolló a lo largo de su vida. This obituary presents a heartfelt tribute to Professor Francisca Hernández Martín. It is a journey through the different facets that she developed throughout her life. Este obituário presta uma sincera homenagem à Professora Francisca Hernández Martín. É uma viagem através das diferentes facetas que ela desenvolveu ao longo da sua vida.

El objetivo general de este estudio se centra en mostrar el desarrollo de un proyecto de experiencia educativa que permite a los/las estudiantes de enfermería a través de la técnica photovoice estimular de forma participativa la reflexión en la acción, el pensamiento crítico y el debate sobre los efectos derivados de la pandemia ocasionada por la COVID-19 en colectivos vulnerables. Se trata de un proyecto enmarcado en el Paradigma Sociocrítico, donde las bases epistemológicas de esta técnica quedan ancladas en el modelo de concientización descrito por Paulo Freire. Los/las estudiantes del Grado de Enfermería, de la Universidad de Alicante y de la Universidad de León, que cursan las asignaturas optativas de “Cultura de los Cuidados” y “Proyectos de Cooperación Sanitaria y Ayuda Humanitaria” fueron los participantes. La técnica empleada es el photovoice descrito por Wang & Burris (1997). Los resultados obtenidos han puesto de manifiesto que la técnica constituye una importante herramienta pedagógica que aúna recursos visuales y discursivos para el conocimiento de una realidad social a través de una investigación participativa y comunitaria orientada hacia el cambio social y el empoderamiento de las personas que lo utilizan.

Arqueológicamente son escasos los testimonios de fallecimientos durante la gestación. En la maqbara de Petrer se ha identificado un caso de muerte maternofetal, siendo compleja la determinación de las posibles causas de la muerte. Entre ellas pudieran estar las complicaciones del final de la gestación, proponiendo en este caso un parto distócico por macrosomía fetal en adolescente. Arqueològicament són escassos els testimoniatges de defuncions durant la gestació. En la maqbara de Petrer s’ha identificat un cas de mort maternofetal, sent complexa la determinació de les possibles causes de la mort. Entre elles pogueren estar les complicacions del final de la gestació, proposant en aquest cas un part distòcic per macrosomia fetal en adolescent. Archaeologically there are few testimonies of deaths during pregnancy. In the maqbara of Petrer a case of maternal fetal death has been identified, being complex the determination of the possible causes of death. Among them could be complications at the end of gestation, proposing in this case a dystocic delivery due to fetal macrosomia in an adolescent.

En esta reseña se describen las características de un estudio sobre el centenario del Colegio de Enfermería de Alicante y se analizan las aportaciones históricas que contribuyen al conocimiento de la evolución de la corporación colegial alicantina durante un siglo. This review describes the characteristics of the study on the centenary of the Alicante College of Nursing and analyzes the historical contributions that provide knowledge about the evolution of the Alicante collegiate corporation during a century. Esta revisão descreve as características de um estudo sobre o centenário do Colégio de Enfermagem de Alicante e analisa as contribuições históricas que contribuem para o conhecimento da evolução da corporação colegial Alicante durante um século.

En esta reseña se describen las características del nuevo libro la profesora Miralles Sangro: El prodigio de la filatelia. Razón histórica de la enfermería. This review describes the characteristics of the new book written by professor Miralles Sangro: The prodigy of philately. Historical rationale for nursing. Esta crítica descreve as características do novo livro do professora Miralles Sangro: El prodigio de la filatelia. Razão histórica da enfermagem.