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1. A Framework for Evaluating Appropriateness, Trustworthiness, and Safety in Mental Wellness AI Chatbots

Author

Chen, Lucia, Preece, David A., Sikka, Pilleriin, Gross, James J., and Krause, Ben

Subjects
Computer Science - Human-Computer Interaction
Abstract

Large language model (LLM) chatbots are susceptible to biases and hallucinations, but current evaluations of mental wellness technologies lack comprehensive case studies to evaluate their practical applications. Here, we address this gap by introducing the MHealth-EVAL framework, a new role-play based interactive evaluation method designed specifically for evaluating the appropriateness, trustworthiness, and safety of mental wellness chatbots. We also introduce Psyfy, a new chatbot leveraging LLMs to facilitate transdiagnostic Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT). We demonstrate the MHealth-EVAL framework's utility through a comparative study of two versions of Psyfy against standard baseline chatbots. Our results showed that Psyfy chatbots outperformed the baseline chatbots in delivering appropriate responses, engaging users, and avoiding untrustworthy responses. However, both Psyfy and the baseline chatbots exhibited some limitations, such as providing predominantly US-centric resources. While Psyfy chatbots were able to identify most unsafe situations and avoid giving unsafe responses, they sometimes struggled to recognize subtle harmful intentions when prompted in role play scenarios. Our study demonstrates a practical application of the MHealth-EVAL framework and showcases Psyfy's utility in harnessing LLMs to enhance user engagement and provide flexible and appropriate responses aligned with an evidence-based CBT approach.

Published
2024

11. Tears evoke the intention to offer social support: A systematic investigation of the interpersonal effects of emotional crying across 41 countries

Author

Zickfeld, Janis H., van de Ven, Niels, Pich, Olivia, Schubert, Thomas W., Berkessel, Jana B., Pizarro, José J., Bhushan, Braj, Mateo, Nino Jose, Barbosa, Sergio, Sharman, Leah, Kökönyei, Gyöngyi, Schrover, Elke, Kardum, Igor, Aruta, John Jamir Benzon, Lazarevic, Ljiljana B., Escobar, María Josefina, Stadel, Marie, Arriaga, Patrícia, Dodaj, Arta, Shankland, Rebecca, Majeed, Nadyanna M., Li, Yansong, Lekkou, Eleimonitria, Hartanto, Andree, Özdoğru, Asil A., Vaughn, Leigh Ann, del Carmen Espinoza, Maria, Caballero, Amparo, Kolen, Anouk, Karsten, Julie, Manley, Harry, Maeura, Nao, Eşkisu, Mustafa, Shani, Yaniv, Chittham, Phakkanun, Ferreira, Diogo, Bavolar, Jozef, Konova, Irina, Sato, Wataru, Morvinski, Coby, Carrera, Pilar, Villar, Sergio, Ibanez, Agustin, Hareli, Shlomo, Garcia, Adolfo M., Kremer, Inbal, Götz, Friedrich M., Schwerdtfeger, Andreas, Estrada-Mejia, Catalina, Nakayama, Masataka, Ng, Wee Qin, Sesar, Kristina, Orjiakor, Charles T., Dumont, Kitty, Allred, Tara Bulut, Gračanin, Asmir, Rentfrow, Peter J., Schönefeld, Victoria, Vally, Zahir, Barzykowski, Krystian, Peltola, Henna-Riikka, Tcherkassof, Anna, Haque, Shamsul, Śmieja, Magdalena, Su-May, Terri Tan, IJzerman, Hans, Vatakis, Argiro, Ong, Chew Wei, Choi, Eunsoo, Schorch, Sebastian L., Páez, Darío, Malik, Sadia, Kačmár, Pavol, Bobowik, Magdalena, Jose, Paul, Vuoskoski, Jonna K., Basabe, Nekane, Doğan, Uğur, Ebert, Tobias, Uchida, Yukiko, Zheng, Michelle Xue, Mefoh, Philip, Šebeňa, René, Stanke, Franziska A., Ballada, Christine Joy, Blaut, Agata, Wu, Yang, Daniels, Judith K., Kocsel, Natália, Burak, Elif Gizem Demirag, Balt, Nina F., Vanman, Eric, Stewart, Suzanne L.K., Verschuere, Bruno, Sikka, Pilleriin, Boudesseul, Jordane, Martins, Diogo, Nussinson, Ravit, Ito, Kenichi, Mentser, Sari, Çolak, Tuğba Seda, Martinez-Zelaya, Gonzalo, and Vingerhoets, Ad

Published
2021
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12. Alexithymia or general psychological distress? : Discriminant validity of the Toronto Alexithymia Scale and the Perth Alexithymia Questionnaire

Author

Preece, David A., Petrova, Kate, Mehta, Ashish, Sikka, Pilleriin, Gross, James J., Preece, David A., Petrova, Kate, Mehta, Ashish, Sikka, Pilleriin, and Gross, James J.

Abstract

Background: Alexithymia is an important transdiagnostic risk factor for emotion-based psychopathologies. However, it remains unclear whether alexithymia questionnaires actually measure alexithymia, or whether they measure emotional distress. Our aim here was to address this discriminant validity concern via exploratory factor analysis (EFA) of the 20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20) and the Perth Alexithymia Questionnaire (PAQ). Method: United States general community adults (N = 508) completed the TAS-20, PAQ, and the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales-21 (DASS-21). EFA was used to examine the latent dimensions underlying these measures' scores. Results: Our EFA extracted two higher-order factors, an “alexithymia” factor and a “general distress” factor (i.e., depression, anxiety, stress). All PAQ scores loaded cleanly on the alexithymia factor, with no cross-loadings on the distress factor. However, for the TAS-20, Difficulty Identifying Feelings (DIF) facet scores cross-loaded highly on the distress factor. Limitations: Our sample consisted of general community adults; future work in clinical settings will be useful. Conclusions: Our data indicate that the PAQ has good discriminant validity. However, the TAS-20 appears to have significant discriminant validity problems, in that much of the variance in its DIF facet reflects people's current levels of distress, rather than alexithymia. The TAS-20, which has traditionally been the most widely used alexithymia questionnaire, may therefore not be the optimal alexithymia tool. Our findings add to the body of evidence supporting the validity and utility of the PAQ and suggest that, moving forward, it is a superior option to the TAS-20 for alexithymia assessments., CC BY 4.0 DEED © 2024 The Author(s)Correspondence Address: D.A. Preece; Curtin University, School of Psychology, Bentley, Kent Street, 6102, Australia; email: david.preece@curtin.edu.au; CODEN: JADIDFunding: None.

Published
2024
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13. COVID-19 on mind : Daily worry about the coronavirus is linked to negative affect experienced during mind-wandering and dreaming

Author

Sikka, Pilleriin, Tuominen, Jarno, Ezquerro Nassar, Alejandro, Kirberg, Manuela, Loukola, Ville, Revonsuo, Antti, Valli, Katja, Windt, Jennifer, Bekinschtein, Tristan A., Noreika, Valdas, Sikka, Pilleriin, Tuominen, Jarno, Ezquerro Nassar, Alejandro, Kirberg, Manuela, Loukola, Ville, Revonsuo, Antti, Valli, Katja, Windt, Jennifer, Bekinschtein, Tristan A., and Noreika, Valdas

Abstract

Despite a surge of studies on the effects of COVID-19 on our well-being, we know little about how the pandemic is reflected in people's spontaneous thoughts and experiences, such as mind-wandering (or daydreaming) during wakefulness and dreaming during sleep. We investigated whether and how COVID-19-related general concern, anxiety, and daily worry are associated with the daily fluctuation of the affective quality of mind-wandering and dreaming, and to what extent these associations can be explained by poor sleep quality. We used ecological momentary assessment by asking participants to rate the affect they experienced during mind-wandering and dreaming in daily logs over a 2-week period. Our preregistered analyses based on 1,755 dream logs from 172 individuals and 1,496 mind-wandering logs from 152 individuals showed that, on days when people reported higher levels of negative affect and lower levels of positive affect during mind-wandering, they experienced more worry. Only daily sleep quality was associated with affect experienced during dreaming at the within-person level: on nights with poorer sleep quality people reported experiencing more negative and less positive affect in dreams and were more likely to experience nightmares. However, at the between-person level, individuals who experienced more daily COVID-19 worry during the study period also reported experiencing more negative affect during mind-wandering and during dreaming. As such, the continuity between daily and nightly experiences seems to rely more on stable trait-like individual differences in affective processing. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved)., Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Pilleriin Sikka, Department of Psychology, Stanford University, 450 Jane Stanford Way, Stanford, CA 94305, United States. Email: sikka@stanford.edu

Published
2024
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15. DREAM: A Dream EEG and Mentation database

Author

Wong, William, primary, Andrade, Kátia Cristine, additional, Andrillon, Thomas, additional, de Araujo, Draulio Barros, additional, Arnulf, Isabelle, additional, Avvenuti, Giulia, additional, Baird, Benjamin, additional, Bellesi, Michele, additional, Bergamo, Damiana, additional, Bernardi, Giulio, additional, Blagrove, Mark, additional, De Gennaro, Luigi, additional, Decat, Nicolas, additional, Demirel, Çağatay, additional, Dresler, Martin, additional, Eichenlaub, Jean-Baptiste, additional, Elce, Valentina, additional, Gott, Jarrod A, additional, Juel, Bjørn Erik, additional, Konkoly, Karen, additional, LaRocque, Joshua J., additional, Lacaux, Célia, additional, Lenggenhager, Bigna, additional, Mota-Rolim, Sergio Arthuro, additional, Mallett, Remington, additional, Noreika, Valdas, additional, Oudiette, Delphine, additional, Palhano-Fontes, Fernanda, additional, Paller, Ken, additional, Perogamvros, Lampros, additional, revonsuo, antti, additional, Scarpelli, Serena, additional, Nilsen, Andre Sevenius, additional, Siclari, Francesca, additional, Sikka, Pilleriin, additional, Storm, Johan F., additional, Valli, Katja, additional, Wamsley, Erin J., additional, Windt, Jennifer, additional, Zhang, Jing, additional, van Rijn, Elaine, additional, and Tsuchiya, Naotsugu, additional

Published
2023
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17. Alexithymia and emotion regulation

Author

Preece, David A., primary, Mehta, Ashish, additional, Petrova, Kate, additional, Sikka, Pilleriin, additional, Bjureberg, Johan, additional, Becerra, Rodrigo, additional, and Gross, James J., additional

Published
2023
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18. COVIDiSTRESS diverse dataset on psychological and behavioural outcomes one year into the COVID-19 pandemic

Author

Blackburn, Angélique M., Vestergren, Sara, Tran, Thao P., Stöckli, Sabrina, Griffin, Siobhán M., Ntontis, Evangelos, Jeftic, Alma, Chrona, Stavroula, Ikizer, Gözde, Han, Hyemin, Milfont, Taciano L., Parry, Douglas, Byrne, Grace, Gómez-López, Mercedes, Acosta, Alida, Kowal, Marta, Leon, Gabriel De, Gallegos, Aranza, Perez, Miles, Abdelrahman, Mohamed, Ahern, Elayne, Yar, Ahmad Wali Ahmad, Ahmed, Oli, Alami, Nael H., Amin, Rizwana, Andersen, Lykke E., Araújo, Bráulio Oliveira, Asongu, Norah Aziamin, Bartsch, Fabian, Bavoľár, Jozef, Bhatta, Khem Raj, Bircan, Tuba, Bita, Shalani, Bombuwala, Hasitha, Brik, Tymofii, Cakal, Huseyin, Caniëls, Marjolein, Carballo, Marcela, Carvalho, Nathalia M., Cely, Laura, Chang, Sophie, Chayinska, Maria, Chen, Fang-Yu, Ch’ng, Brendan, Chukwuorji, JohnBosco Chika, Costa, Ana Raquel, Dalizu, Vidijah Ligalaba, Deschrijver, Eliane, Aldemir, İlknur Dilekler, Doherty, Anne M., Doller, Rianne, Dubrov, Dmitrii, Elegbede, Salem, Elizalde, Jefferson, Ermagan-Caglar, Eda, Fernández-Morales, Regina, García-Castro, Juan Diego, Gelpí, Rebekah, Ghafori, Shagofah, Goldberg, Ximena, González-Uribe, Catalina, Alpízar-Rojas, Harlen, Haugestad, Christian Andres Palacios, Higuera, Diana, Hoorelbeke, Kristof, Hristova, Evgeniya, Hubená, Barbora, Huq, Hamidul, Ihaya, Keiko, Jayathilake, Gosith, Jen, Enyi, Jinadasa, Amaani, Joksimovic, Jelena, Kačmár, Pavol, Kadreva, Veselina, Kalinova, Kalina, Kandeel, Huda Anter Abdallah, Kellezi, Blerina, Khan, Sammyh, Kontogianni, Maria, Koszałkowska, Karolina, Hanusz, Krzysztof, Lacko, David, Landa-Blanco, Miguel, Lee, Yookyung, Lieberoth, Andreas, Lins, Samuel, Liutsko, Liudmila, Londero-Santos, Amanda, Mauritsen, Anne Lundahl, Maegli, María Andrée, Magidie, Patience, Maharjan, Roji, Makaveeva, Tsvetelina, Makhubela, Malose, Malagón, María Gálvis, Malykh, Sergey, Mamede, Salomé, Mandillah, Samuel, Mansoor, Mohammad Sabbir, Mari, Silvia, Marín-López, Inmaculada, Marot, Tiago A., Martínez, Sandra, Mauka, Juma, Moss, Sigrun Marie, Mushtaq, Asia, Musliu, Arian, Mususa, Daniel, Najmussaqib, Arooj, Nasheeda, Aishath, Nasr, Ramona, Machado, Natalia Niño, Natividade, Jean Carlos, Ngowi, Honest Prosper, Nyarangi, Carolyne, Ogunbode, Charles, Onyutha, Charles, Padmakumar, K., Paniagua, Walter, Pena, Maria Caridad, Pírko, Martin, Portela, Mayda, Pouretemad, Hamidreza, Rachev, Nikolay, Ratodi, Muhamad, Reifler, Jason, Sadeghi, Saeid, Sahayanathan, Harishanth Samuel, Sanchez, Eva, Sandbakken, Ella Marie, Sandesh, Dhakal, Sanjesh, Shrestha, Schrötter, Jana, Shanthakumar, Sabarjah, Sikka, Pilleriin, Slaveykova, Konstantina, Studzinska, Anna, Subandi, Fadelia Deby, Subedi, Namita, Sullivan, Gavin Brent, Tag, Benjamin, Delphine, Takem Ebangha Agbor, Tamayo-Agudelo, William, Travaglino, Giovanni A., Tuominen, Jarno, Türk-Kurtça, Tuğba, Vakai, Matutu, Volkodav, Tatiana, Wang, Austin Horng-En Wang, Williams, Alphonsus, Wu, Charles, Yamada, Yuki, Yaneva, Teodora, Yañez, Nicolás, Yeh, Yao-Yuan, Zoletic, Emina, Blackburn, Angélique M., Vestergren, Sara, Tran, Thao P., Stöckli, Sabrina, Griffin, Siobhán M., Ntontis, Evangelos, Jeftic, Alma, Chrona, Stavroula, Ikizer, Gözde, Han, Hyemin, Milfont, Taciano L., Parry, Douglas, Byrne, Grace, Gómez-López, Mercedes, Acosta, Alida, Kowal, Marta, Leon, Gabriel De, Gallegos, Aranza, Perez, Miles, Abdelrahman, Mohamed, Ahern, Elayne, Yar, Ahmad Wali Ahmad, Ahmed, Oli, Alami, Nael H., Amin, Rizwana, Andersen, Lykke E., Araújo, Bráulio Oliveira, Asongu, Norah Aziamin, Bartsch, Fabian, Bavoľár, Jozef, Bhatta, Khem Raj, Bircan, Tuba, Bita, Shalani, Bombuwala, Hasitha, Brik, Tymofii, Cakal, Huseyin, Caniëls, Marjolein, Carballo, Marcela, Carvalho, Nathalia M., Cely, Laura, Chang, Sophie, Chayinska, Maria, Chen, Fang-Yu, Ch’ng, Brendan, Chukwuorji, JohnBosco Chika, Costa, Ana Raquel, Dalizu, Vidijah Ligalaba, Deschrijver, Eliane, Aldemir, İlknur Dilekler, Doherty, Anne M., Doller, Rianne, Dubrov, Dmitrii, Elegbede, Salem, Elizalde, Jefferson, Ermagan-Caglar, Eda, Fernández-Morales, Regina, García-Castro, Juan Diego, Gelpí, Rebekah, Ghafori, Shagofah, Goldberg, Ximena, González-Uribe, Catalina, Alpízar-Rojas, Harlen, Haugestad, Christian Andres Palacios, Higuera, Diana, Hoorelbeke, Kristof, Hristova, Evgeniya, Hubená, Barbora, Huq, Hamidul, Ihaya, Keiko, Jayathilake, Gosith, Jen, Enyi, Jinadasa, Amaani, Joksimovic, Jelena, Kačmár, Pavol, Kadreva, Veselina, Kalinova, Kalina, Kandeel, Huda Anter Abdallah, Kellezi, Blerina, Khan, Sammyh, Kontogianni, Maria, Koszałkowska, Karolina, Hanusz, Krzysztof, Lacko, David, Landa-Blanco, Miguel, Lee, Yookyung, Lieberoth, Andreas, Lins, Samuel, Liutsko, Liudmila, Londero-Santos, Amanda, Mauritsen, Anne Lundahl, Maegli, María Andrée, Magidie, Patience, Maharjan, Roji, Makaveeva, Tsvetelina, Makhubela, Malose, Malagón, María Gálvis, Malykh, Sergey, Mamede, Salomé, Mandillah, Samuel, Mansoor, Mohammad Sabbir, Mari, Silvia, Marín-López, Inmaculada, Marot, Tiago A., Martínez, Sandra, Mauka, Juma, Moss, Sigrun Marie, Mushtaq, Asia, Musliu, Arian, Mususa, Daniel, Najmussaqib, Arooj, Nasheeda, Aishath, Nasr, Ramona, Machado, Natalia Niño, Natividade, Jean Carlos, Ngowi, Honest Prosper, Nyarangi, Carolyne, Ogunbode, Charles, Onyutha, Charles, Padmakumar, K., Paniagua, Walter, Pena, Maria Caridad, Pírko, Martin, Portela, Mayda, Pouretemad, Hamidreza, Rachev, Nikolay, Ratodi, Muhamad, Reifler, Jason, Sadeghi, Saeid, Sahayanathan, Harishanth Samuel, Sanchez, Eva, Sandbakken, Ella Marie, Sandesh, Dhakal, Sanjesh, Shrestha, Schrötter, Jana, Shanthakumar, Sabarjah, Sikka, Pilleriin, Slaveykova, Konstantina, Studzinska, Anna, Subandi, Fadelia Deby, Subedi, Namita, Sullivan, Gavin Brent, Tag, Benjamin, Delphine, Takem Ebangha Agbor, Tamayo-Agudelo, William, Travaglino, Giovanni A., Tuominen, Jarno, Türk-Kurtça, Tuğba, Vakai, Matutu, Volkodav, Tatiana, Wang, Austin Horng-En Wang, Williams, Alphonsus, Wu, Charles, Yamada, Yuki, Yaneva, Teodora, Yañez, Nicolás, Yeh, Yao-Yuan, and Zoletic, Emina

Published
2023

19. Alexithymia and emotion regulation

Author

Preece, David A., Mehta, Ashish, Petrova, Kate, Sikka, Pilleriin, Bjureberg, Johan, Becerra, Rodrigo, Gross, James J., Preece, David A., Mehta, Ashish, Petrova, Kate, Sikka, Pilleriin, Bjureberg, Johan, Becerra, Rodrigo, and Gross, James J.

Abstract

Background Alexithymia is a key transdiagnostic risk factor for emotion-based psychopathologies. Conceptual models specify that this is because alexithymia impairs emotion regulation. However, the extent of these putative emotion regulation impairments remains underexplored. Our aim in this study was to begin to address this gap by examining whether people with high, average, or low levels of alexithymia differ in the types of emotion regulation strategies they typically use. Method General community adults from the United States (N = 501) completed a battery of alexithymia and emotion regulation measures. Participants were grouped into high, average, and low alexithymia quantiles. Results After controlling for demographics and current levels of distress, the high, average, and low alexithymia groups differed in their use of cognitive and behavioral emotion regulation strategies. Compared to the other groups, the high alexithymia group reported lesser use of generally adaptive regulation strategies (cognitive reappraisal, approaching problems, and seeking social support) and greater use of generally maladaptive regulation strategies (expressive suppression, behavioral withdrawal, ignoring). Limitations Our data were cross-sectional and from self-report questionnaires. Future work in other cultural groups would be beneficial. Conclusions Our results support the view that alexithymia is associated with impaired emotion regulation. In particular, people with high alexithymia seem to exhibit a less adaptive profile of emotion regulation strategies. Direct targeting of these emotion regulation patterns in psychotherapy may therefore be a useful pathway for the treatment of emotional disorder symptoms in people with high alexithymia., Available online 23 December 2022

Published
2023
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20. How you measure is what you get: Differences in self- and external ratings of emotional experiences in home dreams

Author

Sikka, Pilleriin, Feilhauer, Diana, Valli, Katja, and Revonsuo, Antti

Subjects
Psychological research, Dreams -- Demographic aspects, Emotions -- Demographic aspects, Individual differences (Psychology) -- Research, Psychology and mental health
Abstract

This study demonstrates that different methods for measuring emotional experiences in dreams--self-ratings of dreams using emotion rating scales versus external ratings in the form of content analysis of narrative dream [...]

Published
2017

25. COVID-19-pandemian vaikutukset suomalaisten elämään: COVIDiSTRESS-hankkeen väliraportti

Author

Tuominen, Jarno, Sikka, Pilleriin, and Lieberoth, Andreas

Subjects
koronavirus, Suomi, COVID-19, COVIDiSTRESS, Stress, Finland
Abstract

Tämä väliraportti käsittelee COVID-19-pandemian psykologisia vaikutuksia suomalaisille suureen kansainväliseen aineistoon perustuen. This interim country report presents the findings of a large international study on the psychological effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on Finnish residents

Published
2022
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26. Dynamics of Affect Across the Wake-Sleep Cycle: From Waking Mind-Wandering to Night-Time Dreaming

Author

Sikka, Pilleriin, Valli, Katja, revonsuo, antti, and Tuominen, Jarno

Subjects
self-ratings, content analysis, emotional language, affect, dreaming, emotion, spontaneous thought, wake-sleep cycle, mind-wandering, positivity bias, affective language, external ratings, psychological phenomena and processes
Abstract

We studied the within-person fluctuations in the prevalence and valence of affect across the wake-sleep cycle with a focus on waking mind-wandering and night-time dreaming. We also compared participants’ self-ratings of affect with external ratings of affective experiences described in verbal reports regarding the same episodes.

Published
2022
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27. Relationship Between Individual Differences in Peace of Mind and Trait Emotion Regulation

Author

Sikka, Pilleriin

Subjects
FOS: Psychology, emotion regulation, expressive suppression, peace of mind, cognitive reappraisal, well-being, Psychology, happiness, Social and Behavioral Sciences
Abstract

In the science of well-being several different types of mental well-being (or happiness) are distinguished. However, current conceptualizations largely overlook an important aspect of well-being—peace of mind (PoM)—that is traditionally associated with Eastern perspectives on well-being (Lee et al., 2013). PoM refers to a state of inner peace and harmony and is arguably an important aspect of well-being also in Western cultures (Delle Fave et al., 2016). Lee et al. (2013) demonstrated that PoM predicts psychological ill-being (anxiety, depression) over and above other dimensions of well-being, such as satisfaction with life, and positive and negative affectivity. However, we know little about the psychological mechanisms underlying PoM. Recently, we proposed that PoM may reflect, and rely on, adaptive emotion regulation processes (Sikka et al., 2018). Here, we test this theoretical proposition by studying the relationship between individual differences in PoM and trait (or habitual) emotion regulation, specifically the use of adaptive (i.e., cognitive reappraisal) and less adaptive (i.e., expressive suppression) emotion regulation strategies (Gross & John, 2003). We have carried out Study 1 (i.e., data collected in Finland and the US) and the results of this study provide support for our theoretical proposition. Specifically, whereas the use of cognitive reappraisal was positively associated with PoM (ϐ = 0.222, SE = 0.032, t = 6.859, p < .001), the use of expressive suppression was negatively associated with PoM (ϐ = -0.166, SE = 0.033, t = -5.052, p < .001). The aim of this preregistered Study 2 is to replicate Study 1 on a different sample of participants.

Published
2022
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28. Individual Differences in Peace of Mind and Implicit Emotion Regulation: Do People with Higher Levels of Peace of Mind Display an Attentional Bias to Happy Facial Expressions?

Author

Sikka, Pilleriin

Subjects
FOS: Psychology, peace of mind, emotional faces, Psychology, Social and Behavioral Sciences, attentional bias, implicit emotion regulation
Abstract

In the science of well-being several different types of mental well-being (or happiness) are distinguished. However, current conceptualizations largely overlook an important aspect of well-being—peace of mind (PoM)—that is traditionally associated with Eastern perspectives on well-being (Lee et al., 2013). PoM refers to a state of inner peace and harmony and is arguably an important aspect of well-being also in Western cultures (Delle Fave et al., 2016). Studies show that PoM predicts psychological ill-being (anxiety, depression) over and above other dimensions of well-being. However, we know little about the psychological and neurobiological mechanisms underlying PoM. Recently, we proposed that PoM may reflect, and rely on, adaptive emotion regulation processes (Sikka et al., 2018). Here, we test this theoretical proposition by studying implicit (or automatic) emotion regulation as a function of individual differences in PoM. According to the process model of emotion regulation, attentional deployment is one family of emotion regulation strategies (Gross, 1998, 2015). Affect-biased (or emotional) attention—selective attention to affectively salient stimuli—reflects attentional deployment and is considered a form of implicit emotion regulation (Todd et al., 2012). It can be measured using well-established emotional attention tasks, such as the attentional dot-probe task (MacLeod et al., 1986). In a preliminary study, we explored attentional biases (AB) to emotional stimuli (happy and angry faces) as a function of individual differences in PoM using the dot-probe task. We found that individuals with higher (as compared to lower) levels of PoM showed an attentional bias towards happy faces (see Sikka et al., 2019, https://osf.io/fwrm5/). The aim of this study is to replicate our preliminary findings.

Published
2022
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29. A multi-country test of brief reappraisal interventions on emotions during the COVID-19 pandemic

Author

IJzerman, Hans, Ropovik, Ivan, Ebersole, Charles, Tidwell, Natasha, Markiewicz, Łukasz, de Lima, Tiago Jessé Souza, Wolf, Daniel, Novak, Sarah, Collins, W. Matthew, Menon, Madhavi, de Souza, Luana Elayne Cunha, Sawicki, Przemysław, Boucher, Leanne, Białek, Michał, Idzikowska, Katarzyna, Razza, Timothy, Kraus, Sue, Weissgerber, Sophia, Baník, Gabriel, Kołodziej, Sabina, Babincak, Peter, Schütz, Astrid, Sternglanz, R. Weylin, Gawryluk, Katarzyna, Sullivan, Gavin Brent, Day, Chris, Sparacio, Alessandro, Tops, Mattie, Quirin, Markus, Lewis, Neil, Przybylski, Andrew, Weinstein, Netta, DeBruine, Lisa, Ritchie, Stuart, Vazire, Simine, Forscher, Patrick, Morey, Richard, Ivory, James, Anvari, Farid, Jones, Benedict, Flake, Jessica, Liuzza, Marco Tullio, Antfolk, Jan, Arinze, Nwadiogo, Ndukaihe, Izuchukwu, Bloxsom, Nicholas, Lewis, Savannah, Foroni, Francesco, Willis, Megan, Cubillas, Carmelo, Vadillo, Miguel, Turiegano, Enrique, Gilead, Michael, Simchon, Almog, Saribay, S. Adil, Owsley, Nicholas, Jang, Chaning, Mburu, Georgina, Calvillo, Dustin, Wlodarczyk, Anna, Qi, Yue, Ariyabuddhiphongs, Kris, Jarukasemthawee, Somboon, Manley, Harry, Suavansri, Panita, Taephant, Nattasuda, Stolier, Ryan, Evans, Thomas, Bonick, Judson, Lindemans, Jan, Ashworth, Logan, Hahn, Amanda, Chevallier, Coralie, Kapucu, Aycan, Karaaslan, Aslan, Leongómez, Juan David, Sánchez, Oscar, Valderrama, Eugenio, Vásquez-Amézquita, Milena, Hajdu, Nandor, Aczel, Balazs, Szecsi, Peter, Andreychik, Michael, Musser, Erica, Batres, Carlota, Hu, Chuan-Peng, Liu, Qing-Lan, Legate, Nicole, Vaughn, Leigh Ann, Barzykowski, Krystian, Golik, Karolina, Schmid, Irina, Stieger, Stefan, Artner, Richard, Mues, Chiel, Vanpaemel, Wolf, Jiang, Zhongqing, Wu, Qi, Marcu, Gabriela, Stephen, Ian, Lu, Jackson, Philipp, Michael, Arnal, Jack, Hehman, Eric, Xie, Sally, Chopik, William, Seehuus, Martin, Azouaghe, Soufian, Belhaj, Abdelkarim, Elouafa, Jamal, Wilson, John, Kruse, Elliott, Papadatou-Pastou, Marietta, De La Rosa-Gómez, Anabel, Barba-Sánchez, Alan, González-Santoyo, Isaac, Hsu, Tsuyueh, Kung, Chun-Chia, Wang, Hsiao-Hsin, Freeman, Jonathan, Oh, Dong Won, Schei, Vidar, Sverdrup, Therese, Levitan, Carmel, Cook, Corey, Chandel, Priyanka, Kujur, Pratibha, Parganiha, Arti, Parveen, Noorshama, Pati, Atanu Kumar, Pradhan, Sraddha, Singh, Margaret, Pande, Babita, Bavolar, Jozef, Kačmár, Pavol, Zakharov, Ilya, Álvarez-Solas, Sara, Baskin, Ernest, Thirkettle, Martin, Schmidt, Kathleen, Christopherson, Cody, Leonis, Trinity, Suchow, Jordan, Olofsson, Jonas, Jernsäther, Teodor, Lee, Ai-Suan, Beaudry, Jennifer, Gogan, Taylor, Oldmeadow, Julian, Balas, Benjamin, Stevens, Laura, Colloff, Melissa, Flowe, Heather, Gülgöz, Sami, Brandt, Mark, Hoyer, Karlijn, Jaeger, Bastian, Ren, Dongning, Sleegers, Willem, Wissink, Joeri, Kaminski, Gwenaël, Floerke, Victoria, Urry, Heather, Chen, Sau-Chin, Pfuhl, Gerit, Vally, Zahir, Basnight-Brown, Dana, Jzerman, Hans, Sarda, Elisa, Neyroud, Lison, Badidi, Touhami, Van der Linden, Nicolas, Tan, Chrystalle, Kovic, Vanja, Sampaio, Waldir, Ferreira, Paulo, Santos, Diana, Burin, Debora, Gardiner, Gwendolyn, Protzko, John, Schild, Christoph, Ścigała, Karolina, Zettler, Ingo, O’Mara Kunz, Erin, Storage, Daniel, Wagemans, Fieke, Saunders, Blair, Sirota, Miroslav, Sloane, Guyan, Lima, Tiago, Uittenhove, Kim, Vergauwe, Evie, Jaworska, Katarzyna, Stern, Julia, Ask, Karl, van Zyl, Casper, Körner, Anita, Boudesseul, Jordane, Ruiz-Dodobara, Fernando, Ritchie, Kay, Michalak, Nicholas, Blake, Khandis, White, David, Gordon-Finlayson, Alasdair, Anne, Michele, Janssen, Steve, Lee, Kean Mun, Nielsen, Tonje, Tamnes, Christian, Zickfeld, Janis, Rosa, Anna Dalla, Vianello, Michelangelo, Kocsor, Ferenc, Kozma, Luca, Putz, Ádám, Tressoldi, Patrizio, Irrazabal, Natalia, Chatard, Armand, Lins, Samuel, Pinto, Isabel, Lutz, Johannes, Adamkovic, Matus, Coetzee, Vinet, Dixson, Barnaby, Ribeiro, Gianni, Peters, Kim, Steffens, Niklas, Tan, Kok Wei, Thorstenson, Christopher, Fernandez, Ana Maria, Hsu, Rafael, Valentova, Jaroslava, Varella, Marco, Corral-Frías, Nadia, Frías-Armenta, Martha, Hatami, Javad, Monajem, Arash, Sharifian, MohammadHasan, Frohlich, Brooke, Lin, Hause, Inzlicht, Michael, Alaei, Ravin, Rule, Nicholas, Lamm, Claus, Pronizius, Ekaterina, Voracek, Martin, Olsen, Jerome, Giolla, Erik Mac, Akgoz, Aysegul, Özdoğru, Asil, Crawford, Matthew, Bennett-Day, Brooke, Koehn, Monica, Okan, Ceylan, Gill, Tripat, Miller, Jeremy, Dunham, Yarrow, Yang, Xin, Alper, Sinan, Borras-Guevara, Martha Lucia, Cai, Sun Jun, Tiantian, Dong, Danvers, Alexander, Feinberg, David, Armstrong, Marie, Gilboa-Schechtman, Eva, McCarthy, Randy, Muñoz-Reyes, Jose Antonio, Polo, Pablo, Shiramazu, Victor, Yan, Wen-Jing, Carvalho, Lilian, Chartier, Christopher, Coles, Nicholas, Klein, Richard, Dujols, Olivier, van de Ven, Niels, Pich, Olivia, Schubert, Thomas, Berkessel, Jana, Pizarro, José, Bhushan, Braj, Mateo, Nino Jose, Barbosa, Sergio, Sharman, Leah, Kökönyei, Gyöngyi, Schrover, Elke, Kardum, Igor, Aruta, John Jamir Benzon, Lazarevic, Ljiljana, Escobar, María Josefina, Stadel, Marie, Arriaga, Patrícia, Dodaj, Arta, Shankland, Rebecca, Majeed, Nadyanna, Li, Yansong, Lekkou, Eleimonitria, Hartanto, Andree, del Carmen Espinoza, Maria, Caballero, Amparo, Kolen, Anouk, Karsten, Julie, Maeura, Nao, Eşkisu, Mustafa, Shani, Yaniv, Chittham, Phakkanun, Ferreira, Diogo, Konova, Irina, Sato, Wataru, Morvinski, Coby, Carrera, Pilar, Villar, Sergio, Ibanez, Agustin, Hareli, Shlomo, Garcia, Adolfo, Kremer, Inbal, Götz, Friedrich, Schwerdtfeger, Andreas, Estrada-Mejia, Catalina, Nakayama, Masataka, Ng, Wee Qin, Sesar, Kristina, Orjiakor, Charles, Dumont, Kitty, Allred, Tara Bulut, Gračanin, Asmir, Rentfrow, Peter, Schönefeld, Victoria, Peltola, Henna-Riikka, Tcherkassof, Anna, Haque, Shamsul, Śmieja, Magdalena, Su-May, Terri Tan, Vatakis, Argiro, Ong, Chew Wei, Choi, Eunsoo, Schorch, Sebastian, Páez, Darío, Malik, Sadia, Bobowik, Magdalena, Jose, Paul, Vuoskoski, Jonna, Basabe, Nekane, Doğan, Uğur, Ebert, Tobias, Uchida, Yukiko, Zheng, Michelle Xue, Mefoh, Philip, Šebeňa, René, Stanke, Franziska, Ballada, Christine Joy, Blaut, Agata, Wu, Yang, Daniels, Judith, Kocsel, Natália, Burak, Elif Gizem Demirag, Balt, Nina, Vanman, Eric, Stewart, Suzanne L.K., Verschuere, Bruno, Sikka, Pilleriin, Martins, Diogo, Nussinson, Ravit, Ito, Kenichi, Mentser, Sari, Çolak, Tuğba Seda, Martinez-Zelaya, Gonzalo, Vingerhoets, Ad, Wang, Ke, Goldenberg, Amit, Dorison, Charles, Uusberg, Andero, Lerner, Jennifer, Gross, James, Agesin, Bamikole Bamikole, Bernardo, Márcia, Campos, Olatz, Eudave, Luis, Grzech, Karolina, Ozery, Daphna Hausman, Jackson, Emily, Garcia, Elkin Oswaldo Luis, Drexler, Shira Meir, Jurković, Anita Penić, Rana, Kafeel, Wilson, John Paul, Antoniadi, Maria, Desai, Kermeka, Gialitaki, Zoi, Kushnir, Elizaveta, Nadif, Khaoula, Bravo, Olalla Niño, Nauman, Rafia, Oosterlinck, Marlies, Pantazi, Myrto, Pilecka, Natalia, Szabelska, Anna, van Steenkiste, I., Filip, Katarzyna, Bozdoc, Andreea Ioana, Marcu, Gabriela Mariana, Agadullina, Elena, Roczniewska, Marta, Reyna, Cecilia, Kassianos, Angelos, Westerlund, Minja, Ahlgren, Lina, Pöntinen, Sara, Adetula, Gabriel Agboola, Dursun, Pinar, Arinze, Azuka Ikechukwu, Arinze, Nwadiogo Chisom, Ogbonnaya, Chisom Esther, Dalgar, Ilker, Akkas, Handan, Macapagal, Paulo Manuel, Metin-Orta, Irem, Santos, Anabela Caetano, Mokady, Aviv, Reggev, Niv, Kurfali, Merve, Vasilev, Martin, Nock, Nora, Parzuchowski, Michal, Espinoza Barría, Mauricio, Vranka, Marek, Kohlová, Markéta Braun, Harutyunyan, Mikayel, Wang, Chunhui, Yao, Elvin, Becker, Maja, Manunta, Efisio, Marko, Dafne, Evans, Kortnee, Lewis, David, Findor, Andrej, Landry, Anais Thibault, Ortiz, Manuel, Grinberg, Maurice, Li, Ranran, Valentova, Jaroslava Varella, Mioni, Giovanna, Cellini, Nicola, Moon, Karis, Azab, Habiba, Levy, Neil, Karababa, Alper, Todsen, Anna Louise, van Schie, Kevin, Vintr, Jáchym, Kaliska, Lada, Križanić, Valerija, Samojlenko, Lara, Pourafshari, Razieh, Geiger, Sandra, Beitner, Julia, Warmelink, Lara, Ross, Robert, Hostler, Thomas, Szala, Anna, Grano, Caterina, Solorzano, Claudio Singh, Anjum, Gulnaz, Jimenez-Leal, William, Bradford, Maria, Pérez, Laura Calderón, Cruz Vásquez, Julio, Galindo-Caballero, Oscar, Vargas-Nieto, Juan Camilo, Kácha, Ondřej, Arvanitis, Alexios, Xiao, Qinyu, Cárcamo, Rodrigo, Zorjan, Saša, Tajchman, Zuzanna, Vilares, Iris, Pavlacic, Jeffrey, Kunst, Jonas, von Bastian, Claudia, Atari, Mohammad, Hricova, Monika, Schrötter, Jana, Rahal, Rima-Maria, Cohen, Noga, FatahModarres, Saiedeh, Zrimsek, Miha, Esteban-Serna, Celia, Calin-Jageman, Robert, Krafnick, Anthony, Štrukelj, Eva, Isager, Peder Mortvedt, Urban, Jan, Silva, Jaime, Martončik, Marcel, Očovaj, Sanja Batić, Šakan, Dušana, Kuzminska, Anna, Djordjevic, Jasna Milosevic, Almeida, Inês, Ferreira, Ana, Ricaurte, Danilo Zambrano, Monteiro, Renan, Etabari, Zahra, Dunleavy, Daniel, Chou, Weilun, Godbersen, Hendrik, Ruiz-Fernández, Susana, Reeck, Crystal, Kirgizova, Komila, Muminov, Abdumalik, Azevedo, Flavio, Alvarez, Daniela Serrato, Butt, Muhammad Mussaffa, Lee, Jeong Min, Chen, Zhang, Verbruggen, Frederick, Ziano, Ignazio, Tümer, Murat, Charyate, Abdelilah, Dubrov, Dmitrii, Tejada Rivera, María del Carmen M. C., Aberson, Christopher, Pálfi, Bence, Maldonado, Mónica Alarcón, Hubena, Barbora, Sacakli, Asli, Ceary, Chris, Richard, Karley, Singer, Gage, Perillo, Jennifer, Ballantyne, Tonia, Cyrus-Lai, Wilson, Fedotov, Maksim, Du, Hongfei, Wielgus, Magdalena, Pit, Ilse, Hruška, Matej, Sousa, Daniela, Szaszi, Barnabas, Adamus, Sylwia, Micheli, Leticia, Schmidt, Nadya-Daniela, Zsido, Andras, Paruzel-Czachura, Mariola, Bialek, Michal, Kowal, Marta, Sorokowska, Agnieszka, Misiak, Michal, Mola, Débora, Ortiz, María Victoria, Correa, Pablo Sebastián, Belaus, Anabel, Muchembled, Fany, Ribeiro, Rafael, Oliveira, Raquel, Szwed, Paulina, Kossowska, Małgorzata, Czarnek, Gabriela, Kielińska, Julita, Antazo, Benedict, Betlehem, Ruben, Nilsonne, Gustav, Simonovic, Nicolle, Taber, Jennifer, Gourdon-Kanhukamwe, Amélie, Domurat, Artur, Ihaya, Keiko, Yamada, Yuki, Urooj, Anum, Čadek, Martin, Bylinina, Lisa, Messerschmidt, Johanna, Kurfalı, Murathan, Adetula, Adeyemi, Baklanova, Ekaterina, Albayrak-Aydemir, Nihan, Kappes, Heather, Gjoneska, Biljana, House, Thea, Jones, Marc, Çoksan, Sami, Khaoudi, Ahmed, Bokkour, Ahmed, El Arabi, Kanza Ait, Djamai, Ikhlas, Iyer, Aishwarya, Parashar, Neha, Adiguzel, Arca, Kocalar, Halil Emre, Bundt, Carsten, Norton, James, Ankushev, Vladislav, Bogatyreva, Natalia, Grigoryev, Dmitry, Ivanov, Aleksandr, Prusova, Irina, Romanova, Marina, Sarieva, Irena, Terskova, Maria, Hristova, Evgeniya, Kadreva, Veselina Hristova, Janak, Allison, Askelund, Adrian Dahl, Pineda, Lina Maria Sanabria, Krupić, Dajana, Johannes, Niklas, Ouherrou, Nihal, Say, Nicolas, Sinkolova, Sladjana, Janjić, Kristina, Stojanovska, Marija, Stojanovska, Dragana, Khosla, Meetu, Thomas, Andrew, Kung, Franki, Bijlstra, Gijsbert, Mosannenzadeh, Farnaz, Balci, Busra Bahar, Reips, Ulf-Dietrich, Ishkhanyan, Byurakn, Czamanski-Cohen, Johanna, Dixson, Barnaby James Wyld, Moreau, David, Sutherland, Clare, Chuan-Peng, Hu, Noone, Chris, Topor, Marta, Kunisato, Yoshihiko, Yu, Karen, Daches, Shimrit, Vdovic, Milica, Anton-Boicuk, Lisa, Forbes, Paul, Kamburidis, Julia, Marinova, Evelina, Nedelcheva-Datsova, Mina, Rachev, Nikolay, Stoyanova, Alina, Koptjevskaja-Tamm, Maria, Bialobrzeska, Olga, Marszalek, Magdalena, Tatachari, Srinivasan, Afhami, Reza, Law, Wilbert, Žuro, Barbara, Van Doren, Natalia, Soto, Jose, Searston, Rachel, Miranda, Jacob, Damnjanović, Kaja, Yeung, Siu Kit, Krupić, Dino, Klevjer, Kristoffer, Lucas, Marc, Torres, Adriana Olaya, Toro, Mónica, Delgado, Lady Grey Javela, Vega, Diego, Solas, Sara Álvarez, Vilar, Roosevelt, Massoni, Sébastien, Frizzo, Thomas, Bran, Alexandre, Vaidis, David, Vieira, Luc, Paris, Bastien, Capizzi, Mariagrazia, Coelho, Gabriel Lins de Holanda, Greenburgh, Anna, Whitt, Cassie, Tullett, Alexa, Du, Xinkai, Volz, Leonhard, Bosma, Minke Jasmijn, Karaarslan, Cemre, Sarıoğuz, Eylül, Korbmacher, Max, Ribeiro, Matheus Fernando Felix, Verharen, Jeroen, Karekla, Maria, Karashiali, Christiana, Sunami, Naoyuki, Jaremka, Lisa, Habib, Sumaiya, Studzinska, Anna, Hanel, Paul, Holford, Dawn Liu, Wolfe, Kelly, Chiu, Faith, Theodoropoulou, Andriana, Ahn, El Rim, Lin, Yijun, Westgate, Erin, Brohmer, Hilmar, Hofer, Gabriela, Vezirian, Kevin, Feldman, Gilad, Travaglino, Giovanni, Ahmed, Afroja, Li, Manyu, Bosch, Jasmijn, Torunsky, Nathan, Bai, Hui, Manavalan, Mathi, Song, Xin, Walczak, Radoslaw, Zdybek, Przemysław, Friedemann, Maja, Alves, Sara, Correia, Rita, Rojas-Berscia, Luis Miguel, Uttley, Jim, Beshears, Julie, Thommesen, Katrine Krabbe, Behzadnia, Behzad, Geniole, Shawn, Silan, Miguel, Maturan, Princess Lovella G., Vilsmeier, Johannes, Tran, Ulrich, Izquierdo, Sara Morales, Mensink, Michael, Sorokowski, Piotr, Groyecka-Bernard, Agata, Radtke, Theda, Adoric, Vera Cubela, Carpentier, Joelle, Özdoğru, Asil Ali, Joy-Gaba, Jennifer, Hedgebeth, Mattie, Ishii, Tatsunori, Wichman, Aaron, Röer, Jan Philipp, Ostermann, Thomas, Davis, William, Suter, Lilian, Papachristopoulos, Konstantinos, Zabel, Chelsea, Mallik, Peter, Buchanan, Erin, Primbs, Maximilian, Moshontz, Hannah, Clinical Psychology, Medical Oncology, Laboratoire Inter-universitaire de Psychologie : Personnalité, Cognition, Changement Social (LIP-PC2S), Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), Akdemir KurfalI, Merve, Cognition, Langues, Langage, Ergonomie (CLLE-LTC), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Organizational Psychology, Medical and Clinical Psychology, Department of Social Psychology, Repositório da Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Psicologia e de Ciências da Educação, and PDF ist zur Bearb. im Hiwi-Ordner, Sperre bis 28.02.2022, rechtl. Bedingungen: postprint, 6 Monate Embargo (Sherpa), 26.01.2022 bo

Subjects
Male, STRESS, Emotions, Psychological intervention, Social Sciences, [SHS.PSY]Humanities and Social Sciences/Psychology, REAPPRAISAL INTERVENTIONS, Behavioral neuroscience, NEGATIVE AND POSITIVE EMOTIONS, Behavioral Neuroscience, 0302 clinical medicine, ddc:150, [STAT.ML]Statistics [stat]/Machine Learning [stat.ML], Pandemic, Psychology, ANXIETY, Covid-19, reappraisal, emotions, R PACKAGE, purl.org/becyt/ford/5.1 [https], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Repurposing, media_common, purl.org/becyt/ford/5 [https], 05 social sciences, DIVERGENT ASSOCIATIONS, POSITIVE EMOTIONS, 3. Good health, [SCCO.PSYC]Cognitive science/Psychology, MULTI-COUNTRY TEST, adult, COVID-19, female, humans, male, emotional regulation, emotions, Anxiety, Female, COGNITIVE REAPPRAISAL, Psychological resilience, medicine.symptom, [STAT.ME]Statistics [stat]/Methodology [stat.ME], Clinical psychology, Adult, Social Psychology, media_common.quotation_subject, Experimental and Cognitive Psychology, Article, 050105 experimental psychology, Cognitive reappraisal, 03 medical and health sciences, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, Human behaviour, medicine, Humans, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, METAANALYSIS, Behaviour Change and Well-being, pandemic, reappraisal, RESILIENCE, NEGATIVE AFFECT, Mental health, Emotional Regulation, REGULATION STRATEGIES, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited 2021, corrected publication 2022, The COVID-19 pandemic has increased negative emotions and decreased positive emotions globally. Left unchecked, these emotional changes might have a wide array of adverse impacts. To reduce negative emotions and increase positive emotions, we tested the effectiveness of reappraisal, an emotion-regulation strategy that modifies how one thinks about a situation. Participants from 87 countries and regions (n = 21,644) were randomly assigned to one of two brief reappraisal interventions (reconstrual or repurposing) or one of two control conditions (active or passive). Results revealed that both reappraisal interventions (vesus both control conditions) consistently reduced negative emotions and increased positive emotions across different measures. Reconstrual and repurposing interventions had similar effects. Importantly, planned exploratory analyses indicated that reappraisal interventions did not reduce intentions to practice preventive health behaviours. The findings demonstrate the viability of creating scalable, low-cost interventions for use around the world., This project was supported by funds from: the Amazon Web Services (AWS) Imagine Grant (to E.M.B.); the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research (JSPS KAKENHI; 16h03079, 17h00875, 18k12015, and 20h04581 to Y.Y.); the research programme Dipartimenti di Eccellenza from the Ministry of Education University and Research (MIUR to N. Cellini and G.M. and the Department of General Psychology of the University of Padua); statutory funds of the University of Wroclaw (to A. Sorokowska); the Charles University Research Programme PROGRES (Q18 to M. Vranka); the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation (2016:0229 to J.K.O.); the Rubicon Grant (019.183sg.007 to K.v.S.) from the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research; the Australian Research Council (dp180102384 to R.M.R.); the US National Institutes of Health (NIMH111640 to M.N.-D.), the Huo Family Foundation to N.J.; the NSF Directorate for Social, Behavioral and Economic Sciences, Division of Social and Economic Sciences (1559511 to J.S.L.); the US National Institutes of Health (RO1-CA-224545 to J.S.L.); Eesti Teadusagentuur–Estonian Research Council (PSG525 to A. Uusberg); the J. William Fulbright Program (to F. Azevedo); the HSE Basic Research Program (to D. Dubrov); Dominican University (a Faculty Development Grant to A. Krafnick); and the French National Research Agency Investissements d’avenir supporting PSF (ANR-15-IDEX-02 to H.I.); the Slovak Research and Development Agency (project no. APVV-20-0319 to M. Adamkovič); the programme FUTURE LEADER of Lorraine Université d’Excellence within the French National Research Agency Investissements d’avenir (ANR-15-IDEX-04-LUE to S.M.). Computation for this research was assisted by: the Harvard Business School compute cluster (HBSGrid); and the Open Science Grid. The Open Science Grid is supported by the National Science Foundation award 1148698 and the US Department of Energy’s Office of Science, as well as by the compute resources and assistance of the UW-Madison Center For High Throughput Computing (CHTC) in the Department of Computer Sciences. The CHTC is supported by UW-Madison, the Advanced Computing Initiative, the Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation, the Wisconsin Institutes for Discovery, and the National Science Foundation, and is an active member of the Open Science Grid, which is supported by the National Science Foundation and the U.S. Department of Energy’s Office of Science.

Published
2021

30. Negative dream affect is associated with next-day affect level, but not with affect reactivity or affect regulation

Author

Sikka, Pilleriin, Engelbrektsson, Hilda, Zhang, Jinxiao, Gross, James J., Sikka, Pilleriin, Engelbrektsson, Hilda, Zhang, Jinxiao, and Gross, James J.

Abstract

There is increasing evidence that sleep plays an important role inaffective processing. However, it is unclear whether dreaming—the subjectiveexperiences we have during sleep—also serves an affect regulation function.Here, we investigated the within-person relationship between negative affectexperienced in dreams and next-day waking affect level, affect reactivity,and affect regulation. For 5 days, 40 participants reported their dreams andrated their dream affect and post-sleep waking affect level upon morningawakening. Thereafter, they performed an affect reactivity and regulation taskwhich involved viewing neutral and negative pictures with the instructioneither to simply view the pictures or to down-regulate the affect evoked bythese pictures. Multilevel regression analyses showed that the more negativeaffect people experienced in their dreams at night, the more negative affectand the less positive affect they reported the next morning. However, negativedream affect was associated neither with affect reactivity to the pictures norwith the ability to down-regulate negative affect in response to these pictures.In fact, Bayesian analyses favored the null hypotheses. These findings fail toprovide support for the affect regulation function of dreaming and, instead,speak for affective continuity between dreaming and post-sleep wakefulness., CC BY 4.0CORRESPONDENCEPilleriin Sikkasikka@stanford.edu; pilsik@utu.fi; pilleriin.sikka@his.se

Published
2022
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31. Event-related potential correlates of learning to produce novel foreign phonemes

Author

Railo, Henry, Varjonen, Anni, Lehtonen, Minna, Sikka, Pilleriin, Railo, Henry, Varjonen, Anni, Lehtonen, Minna, and Sikka, Pilleriin

Abstract

Learning to pronounce a foreign phoneme requires an individual to acquire a motor program that enables the reproduction of the new acoustic target sound. This process is largely based on the use of auditory feedback to detect pronunciation errors to adjust vocalization. While early auditory evoked neural activity underlies automatic detection and adaptation to vocalization errors, little is known about the neural correlates of acquiring novel speech targets. To investigate the neural processes that mediate the learning of foreign phoneme pronunciation, we recorded event-related potentials (ERP) when participants (N=19) pronounced native or foreign phonemes. Behavioral results indicated that the participants’ pronunciation of the foreign phoneme improved during the experiment. Early auditory responses (N1 and P2 waves, approx. 85–290 ms after the sound onset) revealed no differences between foreign and native phonemes. In contrast, the amplitude of the frontocentrally distributed late slow wave (LSW, 320–440 ms) was modulated by the pronunciation of the foreign phonemes, and the effect changed during the experiment, paralleling the improvement in pronunciation. These results suggest that the LSW may reflect higher-order monitoring processes that signal successful pronunciation and help learn novel phonemes., CC BY 4.0September 21 2022Corresponding author Henry Railo ,Assistentinkatu 7, Department of Psychology and Speech-Language Pathology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Turku, Finland e-mail: henry.railo(at)utu.fiWe thank Ita Puusepp for help with the ratings. M.L. was partly supported by the Research Council of Norway through its Centers of Excellence funding scheme (project number 223265). P.S. was supported by a research grant from the Alfred Kordelin Foundation, and by a research grant from the Emil Aaltonen Foundation. We thank Teemu Laine for help with the experimental set up and equipment.

Published
2022
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34. COVIDiSTRESS diverse dataset on psychological and behavioural outcomes one year into the COVID-19 pandemic

Author

Blackburn, Angélique M., Vestergren, Sara, Tran, Thao P., Stöckli, Sabrina, Griffin, Siobhán M., Ntontis, Evangelos, Jeftic, Alma, Chrona, Stavroula, Ikizer, Gözde, Han, Hyemin, Milfont, Taciano L., Parry, Douglas, Byrne, Grace, Gómez-López, Mercedes, Acosta, Alida, Kowal, Marta, De Leon, Gabriel, Gallegos, Aranza, Perez, Miles, Abdelrahman, Mohamed, Ahern, Elayne, Yar, Ahmad Wali Ahmad, Ahmed, Oli, Alami, Nael H., Amin, Rizwana, Andersen, Lykke E., Araújo, Bráulio Oliveira, Asongu, Norah Aziamin, Bartsch, Fabian, Bavoľár, Jozef, Bhatta, Khem Raj, Bircan, Tuba, Bita, Shalani, Bombuwala, Hasitha, Brik, Tymofii, Cakal, Huseyin, Caniëls, Marjolein, Carballo, Marcela, Carvalho, Nathalia M., Cely, Laura, Chang, Sophie, Chayinska, Maria, Chen, Fang-Yu, Ch’ng, Brendan, Chukwuorji, JohnBosco Chika, Costa, Ana Raquel, Dalizu, Vidijah Ligalaba, Deschrijver, Eliane, Dilekler Aldemir, İlknur, Doherty, Anne M., Doller, Rianne, Dubrov, Dmitrii, Elegbede, Salem, Elizalde, Jefferson, Ermagan-Caglar, Eda, Fernández-Morales, Regina, García-Castro, Juan Diego, Gelpí, Rebekah, Ghafori, Shagofah, Goldberg, Ximena, González-Uribe, Catalina, Alpízar-Rojas, Harlen, Haugestad, Christian Andres Palacios, Higuera, Diana, Hoorelbeke, Kristof, Hristova, Evgeniya, Hubená, Barbora, Huq, Hamidul, Ihaya, Keiko, Jayathilake, Gosith, Jen, Enyi, Jinadasa, Amaani, Joksimovic, Jelena, Kačmár, Pavol, Kadreva, Veselina, Kalinova, Kalina, Kandeel, Huda Anter Abdallah, Kellezi, Blerina, Khan, Sammyh, Kontogianni, Maria, Koszałkowska, Karolina, Krzysztof, Hanusz, Lacko, David, Landa-Blanco, Miguel, Lee, Yookyung, Lieberoth, Andreas, Lins, Samuel, Liutsko, Liudmila, Londero-Santos, Amanda, Mauritsen, Anne Lundahl, Maegli, María Andrée, Magidie, Patience, Maharjan, Roji, Makaveeva, Tsvetelina, Makhubela, Malose, Malagón, María Gálvis, Malykh, Sergey, Mamede, Salomé, Mandillah, Samuel, Mansoor, Mohammad Sabbir, Mari, Silvia, Marín-López, Inmaculada, Marot, Tiago A., Martínez, Sandra, Mauka, Juma, Moss, Sigrun Marie, Mushtaq, Asia, Musliu, Arian, Mususa, Daniel, Najmussaqib, Arooj, Nasheeda, Aishath, Nasr, Ramona, Machado, Natalia Niño, Natividade, Jean Carlos, Ngowi, Honest Prosper, Nyarangi, Carolyne, Ogunbode, Charles, Onyutha, Charles, Padmakumar, K., Paniagua, Walter, Pena, Maria Caridad, Pírko, Martin, Portela, Mayda, Pouretemad, Hamidreza, Rachev, Nikolay, Ratodi, Muhamad, Reifler, Jason, Sadeghi, Saeid, Sahayanathan, Harishanth Samuel, Sanchez, Eva, Sandbakken, Ella Marie, Sandesh, Dhakal, Sanjesh, Shrestha, Schrötter, Jana, Shanthakumar, Sabarjah, Sikka, Pilleriin, Slaveykova, Konstantina, Studzinska, Anna, Subandi, Fadelia Deby, Subedi, Namita, Sullivan, Gavin Brent, Tag, Benjamin, Delphine, Takem Ebangha Agbor, Tamayo-Agudelo, William, Travaglino, Giovanni A., Tuominen, Jarno, Türk-Kurtça, Tuğba, Vakai, Matutu, Volkodav, Tatiana, Wang, Austin Horng-En Wang, Williams, Alphonsus, Wu, Charles, Yamada, Yuki, Yaneva, Teodora, Yañez, Nicolás, Yeh, Yao-Yuan, Zoletic, Emina, Department of Organisation, RS-Research Line Learning (part of LIRS program), Bircan, Tuba, Faculty of Sciences and Bioengineering Sciences, Brussels Centre for Urban Studies, Sociology, Faculty of Economic and Social Sciences and Solvay Business School, Faculdade de Psicologia e de Ciências da Educação, Blackburn, A, Vestergren, S, Tran, T, Stockli, S, Griffin, S, Ntontis, E, Jeftic, A, Chrona, S, Ikizer, G, Han, H, Milfont, T, Parry, D, Byrne, G, Gomez-Lopez, M, Acosta, A, Kowal, M, De Leon, G, Gallegos, A, Perez, M, Abdelrahman, M, Ahern, E, Yar, A, Ahmed, O, Alami, N, Amin, R, Andersen, L, Araujo, B, Asongu, N, Bartsch, F, Bavolar, J, Bhatta, K, Bircan, T, Bita, S, Bombuwala, H, Brik, T, Cakal, H, Caniels, M, Carballo, M, Carvalho, N, Cely, L, Chang, S, Chayinska, M, Chen, F, Ch'Ng, B, Chukwuorji, J, Costa, A, Dalizu, V, Deschrijver, E, Dilekler Aldemir, I, Doherty, A, Doller, R, Dubrov, D, Elegbede, S, Elizalde, J, Ermagan-Caglar, E, Fernandez-Morales, R, Garcia-Castro, J, Gelpi, R, Ghafori, S, Goldberg, X, Gonzalez-Uribe, C, Alpizar-Rojas, H, Haugestad, C, Higuera, D, Hoorelbeke, K, Hristova, E, Hubena, B, Huq, H, Ihaya, K, Jayathilake, G, Jen, E, Jinadasa, A, Joksimovic, J, Kacmar, P, Kadreva, V, Kalinova, K, Kandeel, H, Kellezi, B, Khan, S, Kontogianni, M, Koszalkowska, K, Krzysztof, H, Lacko, D, Landa-Blanco, M, Lee, Y, Lieberoth, A, Lins, S, Liutsko, L, Londero-Santos, A, Mauritsen, A, Maegli, M, Magidie, P, Maharjan, R, Makaveeva, T, Makhubela, M, Malagon, M, Malykh, S, Mamede, S, Mandillah, S, Mansoor, M, Mari, S, Marin-Lopez, I, Marot, T, Martinez, S, Mauka, J, Moss, S, Mushtaq, A, Musliu, A, Mususa, D, Najmussaqib, A, Nasheeda, A, Nasr, R, Machado, N, Natividade, J, Ngowi, H, Nyarangi, C, Ogunbode, C, Onyutha, C, Padmakumar, K, Paniagua, W, Pena, M, Pirko, M, Portela, M, Pouretemad, H, Rachev, N, Ratodi, M, Reifler, J, Sadeghi, S, Sahayanathan, H, Sanchez, E, Sandbakken, E, Sandesh, D, Sanjesh, S, Schrotter, J, Shanthakumar, S, Sikka, P, Slaveykova, K, Studzinska, A, Subandi, F, Subedi, N, Sullivan, G, Tag, B, Delphine, T, Tamayo-Agudelo, W, Travaglino, G, Tuominen, J, Turk-Kurtca, T, Vakai, M, Volkodav, T, Wang, A, Williams, A, Wu, C, Yamada, Y, Yaneva, T, Yanez, N, Yeh, Y, and Zoletic, E

Subjects
Statistics and Probability, perceived stress, 300 Social sciences, sociology & anthropology, compiance, Social Sciences, Library and Information Sciences, compliance, PANDEMIC, Education, stress, cross-cultural, well-being, Naturvetenskap, 650 Management & public relations, Samfund/samtid, Psychology, Humans, vaccine willingness, social norms, Social Behavior, resilience, Pandemics, SCALE, Psykologi, Pandemic, Trivsel, SARS-CoV-2, Statistics, HUMAN, COVID-19, health, trust, Public Health, Global Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology, vaccines, Computer Science Applications, Coronavirus, Folkhälsovetenskap, global hälsa, socialmedicin och epidemiologi, Probability and Uncertainty, Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty, Natural Sciences, GOVERNMENT, Human, Information Systems
Abstract

During the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, the COVIDiSTRESS Consortium launched an open-access global survey to understand and improve individuals’ experiences related to the crisis. A year later, we extended this line of research by launching a new survey to address the dynamic landscape of the pandemic. This survey was released with the goal of addressing diversity, equity, and inclusion by working with over 150 researchers across the globe who collected data in 48 languages and dialects across 137 countries. The resulting cleaned dataset described here includes 15,740 of over 20,000 responses. The dataset allows cross-cultural study of psychological wellbeing and behaviours a year into the pandemic. It includes measures of stress, resilience, vaccine attitudes, trust in government and scientists, compliance, and information acquisition and misperceptions regarding COVID-19. Open-access raw and cleaned datasets with computed scores are available. Just as our initial COVIDiSTRESS dataset has facilitated government policy decisions regarding health crises, this dataset can be used by researchers and policy makers to inform research, decisions, and policy. © 2022, The Author(s). U.S. Department of Education, ED: P031S190304; Texas A and M International University, TAMIU; National Research University Higher School of Economics, ВШЭ The COVIDiSTRESS Consortium would like to acknowledge the contributions of friends and collaborators in translating and sharing the COVIDiSTRESS survey, as well as the study participants. Data analysis was supported by Texas A&M International University (TAMIU) Research Grant, TAMIU Act on Ideas, and the TAMIU Advancing Research and Curriculum Initiative (TAMIU ARC) awarded by the US Department of Education Developing Hispanic-Serving Institutions Program (Award # P031S190304). Data collection by Dmitrii Dubrov was supported within the framework of the Basic Research Program at HSE University, RF.

Published
2021

35. MIND Research Study - Dreams and mindwandering during the pandemic- Investigating the network architecture

Author

Mota, Natalia, Fierek, Julia, Coppola, Peter, Nassar, Alejandro Ezquerro, Windt, Jennifer, Tuominen, Jarno, Smith, Aaron TS, Noreika, Valdas, Sikka, Pilleriin, Bernstein, Ryan, Revonsuo, Antti, Bekinschtein, Tristan, Kirberg, Manuela, Windhagen, Felicitas, Valli, Katja, and Loukola, Ville

Subjects
Dreaming, Pandemic, Consciousness, Spontaneous thought, COVID19, SARS-CoV-2, Wellbeing, Emotions, Subjective experiences, Mindwandering, Social and Behavioral Sciences, Mental content, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, COVID, Spontaneous experiences
Abstract

The coronavirus (COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2) pandemic poses a major threat to public health and has a large impact on the daily experiences and mental well-being of individuals across the world. Surveys show that a significant percentage of people are concerned about themselves or their family members contracting the virus. These concerns, together with social isolation, are associated with increased levels of mental health issues, such as stress, anxiety, and depression. Despite a surge of empirical studies on COVID-19 related experiences, almost all the studies have been survey studies focusing on peoples’ evaluations of their daily life experiences. However, it is important to investigate how this event has influenced peoples’ subjective experiences across different states of consciousness with a focus on the actual mental content of those experiences. As such, the overall aim of the study is to investigate the mental content of different states of consciousness – dreaming and mind-wandering – during and after COVID-19. The study is carried out online and anonymously via the following website: https://sites.utu.fi/mind/en/ In this pre-reg we fork to an analysis of graph theory metrics of the dream and mindwandering reports.

Published
2021
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36. COVIDiSTRESS Global Survey dataset on psychological and behavioural consequences of the COVID-19 outbreak

Author

Yamada, Yuki, Sikka, Pilleriin, Lieberoth, Andreas, Yamada, Yuki, Sikka, Pilleriin, and Lieberoth, Andreas

Abstract

This N = 173,426 social science dataset was collected through the collaborative COVIDiSTRESS Global Survey – an open science effort to improve understanding of the human experiences of the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic between 30th March and 30th May, 2020. The dataset allows a cross-cultural study of psychological and behavioural responses to the Coronavirus pandemic and associated government measures like cancellation of public functions and stay at home orders implemented in many countries. The dataset contains demographic background variables as well as measures of Asian Disease Problem, perceived stress (PSS-10), availability of social provisions (SPS-10), trust in various authorities, trust in governmental measures to contain the virus (OECD trust), personality traits (BFF-15), information behaviours, agreement with the level of government intervention, and compliance with preventive measures, along with a rich pool of exploratory variables and written experiences. A global consortium from 39 countries and regions worked together to build and translate a survey with variables of shared interests, and recruited participants in 47 languages and dialects. Raw plus cleaned data and dynamic visualizations are available., CC BY 4.0 (article), CC0 1.0 (metadata files). Co-author: COVIDiSTRESS Global Survey Consortium (P. Sikka included). Correspondence to Yuki Yamada or Andreas Lieberoth.

Published
2021
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37. Stress and worry in the 2020 coronavirus pandemic: relationships to trust and compliance with preventive measures across 48 countries in the COVIDiSTRESS global survey

Author

Lieberoth, Andreas; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0214-5791, Lin, Shiang-Yi, Stöckli, Sabrina; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8322-2906, Han, Hyemin; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7181-2565, Kowal, Marta; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9050-1471, Gelpi, Rebekah; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6899-0520, Chrona, Stavroula; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0914-4938, Tran, Thao Phuong; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4038-8471, Jeftić, Alma; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9285-2061, Rasmussen, Jesper; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0248-7065, Cakal, Huseyin; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6227-9698, Milfont, Taciano L, Yamada, Yuki; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1431-568X, Amin, Rizwana; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3262-6329, Debove, Stephane; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5246-6537, Gelpí, Rebekah; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6899-0520, Flis, Ivan; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0493-8026, Sahin, Hafize; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8062-0925, Turk, Fidan; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1487-318X, Yeh, Yao-Yuan; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9160-1239, Ho, Yuen Wan; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5056-0722, Sikka, Pilleriin; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1926-6138, Delgado-Garcia, Guillermo; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3123-5879, Lacko, David; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2904-8118, Mamede, Salomé; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4826-3390, Zerhouni, Oulmann; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4026-1921, Tuominen, Jarno; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3892-3199, Lieberoth, Andreas; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0214-5791, Lin, Shiang-Yi, Stöckli, Sabrina; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8322-2906, Han, Hyemin; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7181-2565, Kowal, Marta; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9050-1471, Gelpi, Rebekah; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6899-0520, Chrona, Stavroula; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0914-4938, Tran, Thao Phuong; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4038-8471, Jeftić, Alma; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9285-2061, Rasmussen, Jesper; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0248-7065, Cakal, Huseyin; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6227-9698, Milfont, Taciano L, Yamada, Yuki; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1431-568X, Amin, Rizwana; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3262-6329, Debove, Stephane; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5246-6537, Gelpí, Rebekah; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6899-0520, Flis, Ivan; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0493-8026, Sahin, Hafize; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8062-0925, Turk, Fidan; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1487-318X, Yeh, Yao-Yuan; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9160-1239, Ho, Yuen Wan; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5056-0722, Sikka, Pilleriin; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1926-6138, Delgado-Garcia, Guillermo; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3123-5879, Lacko, David; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2904-8118, Mamede, Salomé; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4826-3390, Zerhouni, Oulmann; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4026-1921, and Tuominen, Jarno; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3892-3199

Abstract

The COVIDiSTRESS global survey collects data on early human responses to the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic from 173 429 respondents in 48 countries. The open science study was co-designed by an international consortium of researchers to investigate how psychological responses differ across countries and cultures, and how this has impacted behaviour, coping and trust in government efforts to slow the spread of the virus. Starting in March 2020, COVIDiSTRESS leveraged the convenience of unpaid online recruitment to generate public data. The objective of the present analysis is to understand relationships between psychological responses in the early months of global coronavirus restrictions and help understand how different government measures succeed or fail in changing public behaviour. There were variations between and within countries. Although Western Europeans registered as more concerned over COVID-19, more stressed, and having slightly more trust in the governments' efforts, there was no clear geographical pattern in compliance with behavioural measures. Detailed plots illustrating between-countries differences are provided. Using both traditional and Bayesian analyses, we found that individuals who worried about getting sick worked harder to protect themselves and others. However, concern about the coronavirus itself did not account for all of the variances in experienced stress during the early months of COVID-19 restrictions. More alarmingly, such stress was associated with less compliance. Further, those most concerned over the coronavirus trusted in government measures primarily where policies were strict. While concern over a disease is a source of mental distress, other factors including strictness of protective measures, social support and personal lockdown conditions must also be taken into consideration to fully appreciate the psychological impact of COVID-19 and to understand why some people fail to follow behavioural guidelines intended to protect themselv

Published
2021

39. Tears Trigger the Intention to Offer Social Support: A Systematic Investigation of the Interpersonal Effects of Emotional Crying Across 36 Countries

Author

Zheng, Michelle, Vingerhoets , Ad, Stanke , Franziska, Ng, Wee, Rentfrow, Jason, Arriaga , Patricia, Schwerdtfeger , Andreas, Pich , Olivia, Bhushan, Braj, Shani, Yaniv, Ibanez , Agustin, Tcherkassof , Anna, Orjiakor, Charles, Burak , Elif, Blaut, Agata, Gracanin , Asmir, Verschuere , Bruno, Vatakis , Argiro, Choi , Eunsoo, Doğan , Uğur, Karsten, Julie, Kocsel , Natália, Ijzerman , Hans, Nussinson , Ravit, Lazarevic , Ljiljana, Gyöngyi, Kökönyei, Hartanto , Andree, Schönefeld , Victoria, Dumont, Kitty, Berkessel , Jana, Escobar, María, Barzykowski , Krystian, Haque, Shamsul, Konova, Irina, Schrover , Elke, García, Adolfo, Páez, Darío, Hareli , Shlomo, Wu , Yang, Ballada, Christine, Bobowik, Magdalena, Sharman , Leah, Kolen, Anouk, Mateo, Nino, Jose, Paul, Sato, Wataru, Stadel , Marie, Schubert , Thomas, Mefoh Ph.D, Philip, Su-May, Terri, Stewart , Suzanne, Kačmár , Pavol, Smieja , Magdalena, Dodaj, Arta, Daniels, Judith, Özdoğru , Asil, Bulut , Tara, Ebert , Tobias, Uchida, Yukiko, Caballero, Amparo, Maeura, Nao, Sesar, Kristina, Vanman , Eric, Morvinski, Coby, Vally , Zahir, Estrada-Mejia , Catalina, Balt, Nina, Shankland, Rebecca, Carrera , Pilar, Salinas, Sergio, Vuoskoski, Jonna, Majeed, Nadyanna, Aruta , John, Sikka , Pilleriin, Carrasco , José, Li , Yansong, Nakayama, Masataka, Kardum, Igor, Manley , Harry, Götz , Friedrich, Ito , Kenichi, Bavolar , Jozef, Van De Ven , Niels, Barbosa , Sergio, Kremer, Inbal, Vaughn , Leigh, Malik, Sadia, Chittham, Phakkanun, Peltola, Henna-Riikka, Mentser , Sari, and Zickfeld , Janis

Subjects
PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences, bepress|Social and Behavioral Sciences, PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Social and Personality Psychology|Nonverbal Behavior, bepress|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Psychology|Social Psychology, bepress|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Psychology|Personality and Social Contexts, PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Social and Personality Psychology
Abstract

Tearful crying is a ubiquitous and mainly human phenomenon. The persistence of this behavior throughout adulthood has fascinated and puzzled many researchers. Scholars have argued that emotional tears serve an attachment function: Tears are thought to act as a social glue that binds individuals together and triggers social support intentions. Initial experimental studies supported this proposition across several methodologies, but these were typically conducted only across Western participants, resulting in limited generalizability. The present study examines this effect across 36 countries spanning all populated continents, providing the most comprehensive investigation of the social effects of tearful crying to-date. Next to testing possible mediating factors, we also examine a number of moderating factors, including the crier’s gender and group membership, the situational valence (positive or negative situations), the social context (in private or public settings), the perceived appropriateness of crying, and trait empathy of the observer. The current work can inform theories on crying across the social sciences.

Published
2020

40. Dream affect : Conceptual and Methodological Issues in the Study of Emotions and Moods Experienced in Dreams

Author

Sikka, Pilleriin

Subjects
self-ratings, Psykologi, peace of mind, affect, well-being, Naturvetenskap, frontal alpha asymmetry, dreaming, Psychology, REM sleep, emotions, external ratings, Natural Sciences
Abstract

We experience affect—emotions and mood—not only when we are awake but alsoduring dreaming. Despite considerable research, existing theories and empiricalfindings disagree about the frequency, nature, and correlates of dream affect. In thisthesis, I discuss the conceptual and methodological issues that underlie thesediscrepancies. I present five empirical studies, the overall aim of which was toinvestigate the phenomenology and correlates of dream affect and how resultsregarding these are influenced by study methodology. Studies I–III focusedspecifically on methodological issues, by comparing self- and external ratings ofdream affect (Studies I–II) or the affective content of home and laboratory dreamreports (Study III). Studies IV and V investigated the waking well-being and neuralcorrelates of dream affect, respectively. These studies show that results andconclusions regarding dream affect are very different, even contradictory, dependingon whether dream reports have been collected using sleep laboratory awakenings orhome dream diaries (Study III) or whether dream affect has been measured usingself- or external ratings (Studies I–II). Self- and external ratings of dream affect arealso differently correlated with waking well-being (Study IV). Together, theseresults caution against making broad generalizations about affective dreamexperiences from findings obtained with one type of methodology only. The studiesalso demonstrate that dream affect is related to aspects of waking well-being and illbeing(Study IV) and that certain affective states experienced in dreams, specificallyanger, rely on similar neural processes as in wakefulness (Study V). These findingssuggest that the phenomenology and neural correlates of affective experiences are,at least to some extent, continuous across sleep and wakefulness. Overall, this thesisshows how the conceptual and methodological issues in the study of dream affectmay limit the validity, generalizability, and replicability of findings and,consequently, pose challenges to theory building and theory testing. It contributes todream research by highlighting the need, and suggesting ways, to enhance theconceptual clarity and methodological rigour of research on dream affect. Due to theinterdisciplinary nature of the thesis, the theoretical discussion and novel empiricalfindings also have implications for emotion research, sleep research, well-beingresearch, consciousness research, and affective neuroscience.

Published
2020

41. Subjective ratings of fear are associated with frontal late positive potential asymmetry, but not with early brain activity over the occipital and centro-parietal cortices

Author

Grassini, Simone, Sikka, Pilleriin, Revonsuo, Antti, Koivisto, Mika, Grassini, Simone, Sikka, Pilleriin, Revonsuo, Antti, and Koivisto, Mika

Abstract

The human frontal cortex is asymmetrically involved in motivational and affective processing. Several studies have shown that the left-frontal hemisphere is related to positive and approach-related affect, whereas the right-frontal hemisphere is related to negative and withdrawal-related affect. The present study aimed to investigate whether evolutionarily threatening stimuli modulate asymmetrical frontal activity. We examined hemispheric differences in frontal late positive potentials (f-LPP asymmetry) and frontal alpha power activation (frontal alpha asymmetry, FAA) in response to images depicting snakes, spiders, butterflies, and birds. Results showed that the late component of f-LPP asymmetry, but not FAA, was modulated by the category of stimuli. Specifically, threatening stimuli (snakes and spiders) evoked a relatively large late f-LPP over the right-frontal hemisphere than non-threatening stimuli (birds and butterflies). Moreover, this relatively great right-frontal activity was positively associated with the subjective ratings of fear. Importantly, the subjective ratings of fear were not associated with early brain activity over the occipital or centro-parietal cortices. These results suggest that late f-LPP asymmetry may reflect higher order affective processes, specifically the subjective appraisal of threatening stimuli and the subjective experience of fear, that are independent of the fast and automatic processing of evolutionarily significant and affectively arousing stimuli., CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 | First published 13 august 2020

Published
2020
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42. Stress and worry in the 2020 coronavirus pandemic: relationships to trust and compliance with preventive measures across 48 countries in the COVIDiSTRESS global survey

Author

Lieberoth, Andreas, primary, Lin, Shiang-Yi, additional, Stöckli, Sabrina, additional, Han, Hyemin, additional, Kowal, Marta, additional, Gelpi, Rebekah, additional, Chrona, Stavroula, additional, Tran, Thao Phuong, additional, Jeftić, Alma, additional, Rasmussen, Jesper, additional, Cakal, Huseyin, additional, Milfont, Taciano L., additional, Lieberoth, Andreas, additional, Yamada, Yuki, additional, Amin, Rizwana, additional, Debove, Stephane, additional, Gelpí, Rebekah, additional, Flis, Ivan, additional, Sahin, Hafize, additional, Turk, Fidan, additional, Yeh, Yao-Yuan, additional, Ho, Yuen Wan, additional, Sikka, Pilleriin, additional, Delgado-Garcia, Guillermo, additional, Lacko, David, additional, Mamede, Salomé, additional, Zerhouni, Oulmann, additional, Tuominen, Jarno, additional, Bircan, Tuba, additional, Wang, Austin Horng-En, additional, Ikizer, Gozde, additional, Lins, Samuel, additional, Studzinska, Anna, additional, Uddin, Muhammad Kamal, additional, Juárez, Fernanda Pérez-Gay, additional, Chen, Fang-Yu, additional, Sanli, Aybegum Memisoglu, additional, Lys, Agnieszka E., additional, Reynoso-Alcántara, Vicenta, additional, González, Rubén Flores, additional, Griffin, Amanda M., additional, López, Claudio Rafael Castro, additional, Nezkusilova, Jana, additional, Ćepulić, Dominik-Borna, additional, Aquino, Sibele, additional, Marot, Tiago A., additional, Blackburn, Angélique M., additional, Boullu, Loïs, additional, Bavolar, Jozef, additional, Kacmar, Pavol, additional, Wu, Charles K. S., additional, Areias, João Carlos, additional, Natividade, Jean C., additional, Mari, Silvia, additional, Ahmed, Oli, additional, Dranseika, Vilius, additional, Cristofori, Irene, additional, Coll-Martín, Tao, additional, Eichel, Kristina, additional, Kumaga, Raisa, additional, Ermagan-Caglar, Eda, additional, Bamwesigye, Dastan, additional, Tag, Benjamin, additional, Contreras-Ibáñez, Carlos C., additional, Aruta, John Jamir Benzon R., additional, Naidu, Priyanka A., additional, Tran, Thao P., additional, Dilekler, İlknur, additional, Čeněk, Jiří, additional, Islam, Md. Nurul, additional, Ch'ng, Brendan, additional, Sechi, Cristina, additional, Nebel, Steve, additional, Sayılan, Gülden, additional, Jha, Shruti, additional, Vestergren, Sara, additional, Ihaya, Keiko, additional, Guillaume, Gautreau, additional, Travaglino, Giovanni A., additional, Rachev, Nikolay R., additional, Hanusz, Krzysztof, additional, Pírko, Martin, additional, West, J. Noël, additional, Cyrus-Lai, Wilson, additional, Najmussaqib, Arooj, additional, Romano, Eugenia, additional, Noreika, Valdas, additional, Musliu, Arian, additional, Sungailaite, Emilija, additional, Kosa, Mehmet, additional, Lentoor, Antonio G., additional, Sinha, Nidhi, additional, Bender, Andrew R., additional, Meshi, Dar, additional, Bhandari, Pratik, additional, Byrne, Grace, additional, Jeftic, Alma, additional, Kalinova, Kalina, additional, Hubena, Barbora, additional, Ninaus, Manuel, additional, Díaz, Carlos, additional, Scarpaci, Alessia, additional, Koszałkowska, Karolina, additional, Pankowski, Daniel, additional, Yaneva, Teodora, additional, Morales-Izquierdo, Sara, additional, Uzelac, Ena, additional, Lee, Yookyung, additional, Hristova, Dayana, additional, Hakim, Moh Abdul, additional, Deschrijver, Eliane, additional, Kavanagh, Phillip S., additional, Shata, Aya, additional, Reyna, Cecilia, additional, De Leon, Gabriel A., additional, Tisocco, Franco, additional, Mola, Débora Jeanette, additional, Shani, Maor, additional, Mahlungulu, Samkelisiwe, additional, Ozery, Daphna Hausman, additional, Caniëls, Marjolein C. J., additional, Correa, Pablo Sebastián, additional, Ortiz, María Victoria, additional, Vilar, Roosevelt, additional, Makaveeva, Tsvetelina, additional, Pummerer, Lotte, additional, Nikolova, Irina, additional, Bujić, Mila, additional, Szebeni, Zea, additional, Pennato, Tiziana, additional, Taranu, Mihaela, additional, Martinez, Liz, additional, Capelos, Tereza, additional, Belaus, Anabel, additional, and Dubrov, Dmitrii, additional

Published
2021
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43. Tears Evoke the Intention to Offer Social Support: A Systematic Investigation of the Interpersonal Effects of Emotional Crying Across 41 Countries

Author

Zickfeld, Janis, primary, van de Ven, Niels, additional, Pich, Olivia, additional, Schubert, Thomas W., additional, Berkessel, Jana, additional, Pizarro Carrasco, José J., additional, Hartanto, Andree, additional, Çolak, Tuğba Seda, additional, Śmieja, Magdalena, additional, Arriaga, Patricia, additional, Vaughn, Leigh Ann, additional, Lazarevic, Ljiljana B., additional, Baban, Adriana, additional, Nussinson, Ravit, additional, Gracanin, Asmir, additional, Carrera, Pilar, additional, Stewart, Suzanne, additional, Doğan, Uğur, additional, Ferreira, Diogo Conque Seco, additional, Li, Yansong, additional, Manley, Harry, additional, Hareli, Shlomo, additional, Barzykowski, Krystian, additional, ARUTA, JOHN JAMIR BENZON R., additional, Vatakis, Argiro, additional, IJzerman, Hans, additional, Burak, Elif Gizem Demirag, additional, Vally, Zahir, additional, Özdoğru, Asil Ali, additional, Ebert, Tobias, additional, Bulut, Tara, additional, Mentser, Sari, additional, Sharman, Leah, additional, Verschuere, Bruno, additional, Ito, Kenichi, additional, Ibanez, Agustin, additional, Choi, Eunsoo, additional, Tcherkassof, Anna, additional, Kocsel, Natália, additional, Schwerdtfeger, Andreas R., additional, Bavolar, Jozef, additional, Barbosa, Sergio, additional, Estrada-Mejia, Catalina, additional, Schönefeld, Victoria, additional, Wu, Yang, additional, Stadel, Marie, additional, Götz, Friedrich Martin, additional, Schrover, Elke, additional, Malik, Sadia, additional, Stanke, Franziska, additional, Dumont, Kitty, additional, Kökönyei, Gyöngyi, additional, Chittham, Phakkanun, additional, Morvinski, Coby, additional, Nakayama, Masataka, additional, Uchida, Yukiko, additional, Sato, Wataru, additional, García, Adolfo, additional, Sikka, Pilleriin, additional, Jose, Paul, additional, Dodaj, Arta, additional, Daniels, Judith, additional, Konova, Irina, additional, Bobowik, Magdalena, additional, CABALLERO, AMPARO, additional, Kolen, Anouk, additional, Mefoh, Philip Chukwuemeka, additional, Vanman, Eric John, additional, Vuoskoski, Jonna Katariina, additional, Eskisu, Mustafa, additional, Martínez-Zelaya, Gonzalo, additional, Vingerhoets, Ad, additional, Boudesseul, Jordane, additional, Bhushan, Braj, additional, Kardum, Igor, additional, Escobar, María Josefina, additional, Shankland, Rebecca, additional, Majeed, Nadyanna M., additional, Lekkou, Eleinonitria, additional, del Carmen Espinoza, Maria, additional, Karsten, Julie, additional, Maeura, Nao, additional, Shani, Yaniv, additional, Villar, Sergio, additional, Kremer, Inbal, additional, Ng, Wee Qin, additional, Sesar, Kristina, additional, Rentfrow, Jason, additional, Peltola, Henna-Riikka, additional, Haque, Shamsul, additional, Su-May, Terri Tan, additional, Ong, Chew Wei, additional, Schorch, Sebastian, additional, Páez, Darío, additional, Kačmár, Pavol, additional, Zheng, Michelle Xue, additional, Sebena, Rene, additional, Ballada, Christine Joy, additional, Blaut, Agata, additional, Balt, Nina F, additional, Martins, Diogo, additional, and Orjiakor, Charles, additional

Published
2020
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45. Tears Trigger the Intention to Offer Social Support: A Systematic Investigation of the Interpersonal Effects of Emotional Crying Across 36 Countries

Author

Zickfeld, Janis, primary, van de Ven, Niels, additional, Pich, Olivia, additional, Schubert, Thomas W., additional, Malik, Sadia, additional, Stanke, Franziska, additional, Choi, Eunsoo, additional, Dumont, Kitty, additional, Kocsel, Natália, additional, Gyöngyi, Kökönyei, additional, Chittham, Phakkanun, additional, Manley, Harry, additional, Morvinski, Coby, additional, Nakayama, Masataka, additional, Uchida, Yukiko, additional, Sato, Wataru, additional, Ibanez, Agustin, additional, García, Adolfo, additional, Sikka, Pilleriin, additional, Burak, Elif Gizem Demirag, additional, Jose, Paul, additional, Dodaj, Arta, additional, Stadel, Marie, additional, Daniels, Judith, additional, Schwerdtfeger, Andreas, additional, Estrada-Mejia, Catalina, additional, Bulut, Tara, additional, Barzykowski, Krystian, additional, Konova, Irina, additional, Bobowik, Magdalena, additional, Hareli, Shlomo, additional, CABALLERO, AMPARO, additional, Doğan, Uğur, additional, Sharman, Leah, additional, Tcherkassof, Anna, additional, Kolen, Anouk, additional, Mefoh, Philip Chukwuemeka, additional, Bavolar, Jozef, additional, Vanman, Eric John, additional, Ito, Kenichi, additional, Özdoğru, Asil Ali, additional, Wu, Yang, additional, Nussinson, Ravit, additional, Vuoskoski, Jonna Katariina, additional, IJzerman, Hans, additional, Lazarevic, Ljiljana B., additional, Ebert, Tobias, additional, Villar Salinas, Sergio, additional, Vatakis, Argiro, additional, ARUTA, JOHN JAMIR BENZON R., additional, Mentser, Sari, additional, Vally, Zahir, additional, Carrera, Pilar, additional, Li, Yansong, additional, Barbosa, Sergio, additional, Verschuere, Bruno, additional, Schrover, Elke, additional, Stewart, Suzanne, additional, Gracanin, Asmir, additional, Berkessel, Jana, additional, Pizarro Carrasco, José J., additional, Smieja, Magdalena, additional, Arriaga, Patricia, additional, Peltola, Henna-Riikka, additional, Orjiakor, Charles, additional, Kardum, Igor, additional, Schönefeld, Victoria, additional, Vaughn, Leigh Ann, additional, Balt, Nina, additional, Hartanto, Andree, additional, Ballada, Christine Joy, additional, Ng, Wee Qin, additional, Bhushan, Braj, additional, Haque, Shamsul, additional, Majeed, Nadyanna Binte, additional, Mateo, Nino Jose, additional, Kačmár, Pavol, additional, Zheng, Michelle Xue, additional, Su-May, Terri Tan, additional, Blaut, Agata, additional, Páez, Darío, additional, Shankland, Rebecca, additional, Karsten, Julie, additional, Sesar, Kristina, additional, Götz, Friedrich Martin, additional, Rentfrow, Jason, additional, Escobar, María Josefina, additional, Shani, Yaniv, additional, Kremer, Inbal, additional, Maeura, Nao, additional, and Vingerhoets, Ad, additional

Published
2020
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47. How to Study Dream Experiences

Author

Sikka, Pilleriin

Subjects
Psykologi, Naturvetenskap, dreaming, Psychology, methodology, Natural Sciences
Abstract

In the scientific study of dreams, as in the scientific study of any other topic, it is important to first clearly define the phenomenon one is investigating. The definition determines what exactly is being studied. Then, the methods for collecting and analyzing data regarding this phenomenon need to be chosen. These methods determine what kind of results are obtained, to what extent the results reflect the phenomenon of interest, and whether the results can be trusted. This chapter gives an overview of how dream experiences are scientifically studied: how dreams and dreaming are defined, what kinds of methods are used to collect and analyze dream data, and what aspects need to be considered when conducting and reading studies that investigate dream experiences (see also Kahan & Horton, 2012, and Zadra & Domhoff, 2017).

Published
2019

48. EEG Frontal Alpha Asymmetry and Dream Affect : Alpha Oscillations Over the Right Frontal Cortex During REM Sleep and Pre-Sleep Wakefulness Predict Anger in REM Sleep Dreams

Author

Sikka, Pilleriin, Revonsuo, Antti, Noreika, Valdas, Valli, Katja, Sikka, Pilleriin, Revonsuo, Antti, Noreika, Valdas, and Valli, Katja

Abstract

Affective experiences are central not only to our waking life but also to rapid eye movement(REM) sleep dreams. Despite our increasing understanding of the neural correlates of dreaming, we know little about the neural correlates of dream affect. Frontal alpha asymmetry (FAA) is considered a marker of affective states and traits as well as affect regulation in the waking state. Here, we explored whether FAA during REM sleep and during evening resting wakefulness is related to affective experiences in REM sleep dreams. EEG recordings were obtained from 17humanparticipants (7men)whospent 2 nights in the sleep laboratory. Participants were awakened 5minafter the onset of everyREMstage after which they provided a dream report and rated their dream affect. Two-minute preawakening EEG segments were analyzed. Additionally, 8 min of evening presleep and morning postsleep EEG were recorded during resting wakefulness. Mean spectral power in the alpha band (8 –13 Hz and correspondingFAAwere calculated over the frontal (F4-F3) sites. Results showed that FAA during REM sleep, and during evening resting wakefulness, predicted ratings of dream anger. This suggests that individuals with greater alpha power in the right frontal hemisphere may be less able to regulate (i.e., inhibit) strong affective states, such as anger, in dreams. Additionally, FAA was positively correlated across wakefulness and REM sleep. Together, these findings imply that FAA may serve as a neural correlate of affect regulation not only in the waking but also in the dreaming state.

Published
2019
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