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Contains fulltext : 172407.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Closed access) IMPORTANCE: Digital ulcers in patients with systemic sclerosis are associated with pain and poor quality of life. Endothelin-1 promotes vasculopathy in systemic sclerosis after macitentan, an endothelin-1 blocker. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of macitentan in reducing the number of new digital ulcers in patients with systemic sclerosis. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Two international, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials (DUAL-1, DUAL-2) were conducted between January 2012 and February 2014. Participants were patients with systemic sclerosis and active digital ulcers at baseline. Target enrollment for each study was 285 patients. INTERVENTIONS: Patients were randomized (1:1:1) to receive oral doses of 3 mg of macitentan, 10 mg of macitentan, or placebo once daily and stratified according to number of digital ulcers at baseline (3). MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: The primary outcome for each trial was the cumulative number of new digital ulcers from baseline to week 16. Treatment effect was expressed as the ratio between treatment groups. RESULTS: In DUAL-1, among 289 randomized patients (mean age 51.2 years; 85.8% women), 226 completed the study. The adjusted mean number of new digital ulcers per patient over 16 weeks was 0.94 in the 3-mg macitentan group (n = 95) and 1.08 in the 10-mg macitentan group (n = 97) compared with 0.85 in the placebo group (n = 97) (absolute difference, 0.09 [95% CI, -0.37 to 0.54] for 3 mg of macitentan vs placebo and 0.23 [-0.27 to 0.72] for 10 mg of macitentan vs placebo). Among 265 patients randomized in DUAL-2 (mean age 49.6 years; 81.9% women), 216 completed the study. In DUAL-2, the adjusted mean number of new digital ulcers was 1.44 in the 3-mg macitentan group (n = 88) and 1.46 in the 10-mg macitentan group (n = 88) compared with 1.21 in the placebo group (n = 89) (absolute difference, 0.23 [95% CI, -0.35 to 0.82] for 3 mg of macitentan vs placebo and 0.25 [95% CI, -0.34 to 0.84] for 10 mg of macitentan vs placebo). Adverse events more frequently associated with macitentan than with placebo were headache, peripheral edema, skin ulcer, anemia, upper respiratory tract infection, diarrhea, and nasopharyngitis. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Among patients with systemic sclerosis and active ischemic digital ulcers, treatment with macitentan did not reduce new digital ulcers over 16 weeks. These results do not support the use of macitentan for the treatment of digital ulcers in this patient population. TRIAL REGISTRATION: clinicaltrials.gov Identifiers: NCT01474109, NCT01474122.

Family OXYCARENIDAE Crophius disconotus (Say) AK: 3 ♂ 1 ♀, Fairbanks, Bonanza Creek LTER, el. 142m, 64.704 °N 148.30188 °W, ± 57 m, relic steppe, 22.viii. 2008 (D.S. Sikes) [UAM 100037926, UAM 100037937, UAM 100037915, UAM 100037977].

Family GERRIDAE Gerris incognitus Drake & Hottes AK: 4 ♂ 6 ♀, Prince of Wales, Hatchery Creek, 55.92644 °N 132.93938 °W, ± 20 m, small roadside ck., dip net, 17.v. 2013 (Derek S. Sikes) [UAM 100335994 - 98, UAM 100336001 -03, UAM 100336005 -06; 4 ♂, Sitka, Galankin Isl., 7 m el., 57.03011 °N 135.32588 °W, ± 12m, pond shore, in pond, dip net, 18.viii. 2011 (D. Sikes, K. LaBounty) [UAM 100336535, UAM 100336537 - 39].

Family CORIXIDAE Callicorixa praeusta praeusta (Fieber) Fieber (1848) recorded C. praeusta from Sitka and Unalaska, and Heidemann (1900) reported this species from Kodiak and Sitka. However, Hungerford (1948) noted that the Fieber (1848) records must be based on misidentified specimens that are probably C. alaskensis Hungerford. Hungerford (1948) listed the Fieber (1848) and Heidemann (1900) records under C. alaskensis and in fact listed specimens that he had examined from Kodiak (10.ix. 1919 (Jas. S. Hine)) and Unalaska (26.viii. 1937 (V.B. Scheffer)). Sailer (1952) also noted that Hungerford (1948) had shown that the earlier records of C. praeusta from Alaska actually referred to C. alaskensis. This was also noted by Polhemus et al. (1988). Hence, the Kiritshenko (1960) and Lattin (2008) reports of C. praeusta from Alaska must be disregarded, and this species removed from the list of Alaska Heteroptera., Published as part of Scudder, G. G. E. & Sikes, D. S., 2014, Alaskan Heteroptera (Hemiptera): new records, associated data, and deletions, pp. 373-381 in Zootaxa 3852 (3) on page 379, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3852.3.6, http://zenodo.org/record/230536, {"references":["Fieber, F. X. (1848) Synopsis aller bisher in Europa entdeckten Arten der Gattung Corisa. Bulletin de la Societ Imperiale des Naturalistes de Moscou, 21, 505 - 539.","Heidemann, O. (1900) Papers from the Harriman Alaska Expedition XIII. Entomological results (7): Heteroptera. Proceedings of the Washington Academy of Sciences, 2, 503 - 506.","Hungerford, H. B. (1948) The Corixidae of the Western Hemisphere (Hemiptera): University of Kansas Science Bulletin, 32, 1 - 827.","Sailer, R. I. (1952) Circumpolar distribution of water boatmen (Hemiptera: Corixidae). The Canadian Entomologist, 84, 280. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.4039 / ent 84280 - 9","Polhemus, J. T., Froeschner, R. C. & Polhemus, D. A. (1988) Family Corixidae Leach, 1815. The Water Boatmen. In: Henry, T. J. & Froeschner, R. C. (Eds.), Catalog of the Heteroptera, or True Bugs, of Canada and the Continental United States. E. J. Brill, Leiden, pp. 93 - 118.","Kiritshenko, A. N. (1960) Heteroptera of the eastern sector of Arctic Eurasia. Entomologischeskoe Obozvenie, 39, 617 - 628. [in Russian]","Lattin, J. D. (2008) Catalog of the Hemiptera: Heteroptera of Alaska. Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331 - 2902, 37 pp."]}

Tribe PHYLINI Atractotomus cooperi Stonedahl AK: 6 ♂, Haines, Flower Mtn., el. 1116 m, 59.37780 ��N 136.32814 ��W, �� 1 km, on snow fields, 15���19.vii. 2010 (D.S. Sikes) [UAM 100268960, UAM 100269047, UAM 100269155, UAM 100269157, UAM 100269166, UAM 100269169] (AMNH _PBI 00398014- 19)., Published as part of Scudder, G. G. E. & Sikes, D. S., 2014, Alaskan Heteroptera (Hemiptera): new records, associated data, and deletions, pp. 373-381 in Zootaxa 3852 (3) on page 376, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3852.3.6, http://zenodo.org/record/230536

Family ANTHOCORIDAE Tetraphleps furvus Van Duzee AK: 2 ♀, Fairbanks, Univ. AK, campus, el. 180 m, 64.85998 °N 147.84118 °W, ± 5 m, Lindgren, 14-21.iv. 2010 (D.S. Sikes, J. Stockbridge) [UAM 100270774, UAM 100270577]; 2 ♂ 1 ♀, Nogahabara Dunes, Spruce Is., el. 155 m, 65.66221 °N 157.47039 °W, ± 13 m, 1600–1630, beat trees, 12.vii. 2010 (J.A. Slowik) [UAM 100307198, UAM 100307175, UAM 100307133].

Family RHYPAROCHROMIDAE Perigenes constrictus (Say) Originally recorded from Alaska by Van Duzee (1919) as Ligyrocoris constrictus Say, the female specimen involved with data Alaska, Ketchikan, 10.ix. 1916 (Canadian Arctic Expedition) [CNC] is actually Ligyrocoris sylvestris (Linnaeus). Hence, the reports of Perigenes constrictus (Say) from Alaska by Slater (1964), Ashlock & Slater (1988), Maw et al. (2000) and Lattin (2008) are in error. Perigenes constrictus is an eastern North American species that does not occur in Alaska, and should be removed from the list of Alaska Heteroptera.

Scudder, G. G. E., Sikes, D. S. (2014): Alaskan Heteroptera (Hemiptera): new records, associated data, and deletions. Zootaxa 3852 (3): 373-381, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3852.3.6

Tribe MIRINI Agnocoris rubicundus (Fallén) AK: 1 ♀, Big Delta, 20.vii. 1951 (Mason & McGillis) [CNC]; 2 ♀, Fairbanks, 448 ', 4.viii. 1951 (H.C. Severin) [CNC]; 1 ♀, Fairbanks, 25.vi. 1952 (B. Hartley) [CNC]; 9 ♂ 6 ♀, Tok, Salix, 22.vii. 1982 (L.A. Kelton) [CNC]; 4 ♂ 2 ♀, Yukon R., 3 mi N of Galena, el. 54m, 64.72025 °N 156.75622 °W, ± 83 m, 1030–1100, shoreline, under logs, sweep, 11.vii. 2010 (J.A. Slowik) [UAM 100306270, UAM 100307162, UAM 100307128, UAM 100307193, UAM 100307204, UAM 100307253] (AMNH _PBI 0 0 306270, 0 0 3307128, 0 0 307193, 0 0 307204, 0 0 307253, 00397991). Dichrooscytus latifrons Knight AK: 2 ♂, Chicken, on spruce, 22.vii. 1982 (L.A. Kelton) [CNC]; 1 ♀, Richardson Hwy. mi 250, 27.vii. 1951 (W.R.M. Mason) [CNC].

Tribe DICYPHINI Dicyphus discrepans Knight AK: 1 ♂, Fairbanks, 16.iv. 1952 (W.R. Mason) [CNC]; 3 ♂, Fairbanks, Bonanza Creek LTER, el. 142 m, 64.704 °N 148.30188 °W, ± 57 m, relic steppe, 22.viii. 2008 (D.S. Sikes) [UAM 100037897, UAM 100037918, UAM 100038015]; 1 ♂, Richardson Hwy. mi 315, 7.vi. 1951 (W.R.M. Mason) [CNC]; 1 ♀, Tonsina, 31.v. 1954 (W.C.F.) [UAM 100022951] (AMNH _PBI 00397962) [Previously determined as D. hesperus Kgt. by Froeschner 1961].

Family NABIDAE Nabis americoferus Carayon AK: 2 ♂, Fairbanks, Creamer’s Field, el. 141 m, 64.86711 °N 147.72794 °W, ± 54m, meadow grasses, forbs, sweep, 31.vii. 2010 (D.S. Sikes) [UAM 100272568, UAM 100272564].

Family TINGIDAE Corythucha marmorata (Uhler) AK: 1 ♀, Tok, 17 mi SW, 30.vi. 1951 (G. Lewis) [CNC]. Galeatus spinifrons (Fall��n) AK: 1 ♂, Unalakleet, 10.vii. 1961 (R. Madge) [CNC]., Published as part of Scudder, G. G. E. & Sikes, D. S., 2014, Alaskan Heteroptera (Hemiptera): new records, associated data, and deletions, pp. 373-381 in Zootaxa 3852 (3) on page 379, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3852.3.6, http://zenodo.org/record/230536