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Multi-sensor imaging option consisting of infrared (TIR), near infrared hyper-spectral (NIR HS) and red-green-blue (RGB) sensors was demonstrated to confirm the ability of the sensors to detect the floating debris and differentiate plastic from organic material in a realistic river environment. A drone and a fixed installation were utilised. The target objects were typical plastic products used in the households and the organic material consisted of pieces of wood and branches. The results suggest that multi-imaging with NIR HS, TIR and RGB sensors is a promising method for separating floating plastic waste from organic material. Further efforts will be targeted in possibility to distinguish different plastic types from each other and how this process could by applied by utilising machine learning methods.

This report provides an overview of various sensor technologies and deploymentplatform options utilised in the remote sensing of oil and chemicals in fieldconditions. The data is based on published information, whereas the reportedfield experiments were performed by VTT Technical Research Centre of Finlandand Finnish Environmental Institute (SYKE) with their partners.The sensors with field-tested validation for oil detection include optical, infraredand hyperspectral sensors in addition to fluorosensors which were provided byAIF, LDI Innovations OÜ, NLS and Rikola Ltd for field testing. Additionally, someexperimental options such as trained dogs are discussed in the report based oninformation from literature sources.Chemical detection focuses on the options demonstrated in field conditions byVTT and SYKE with their partners or other stakeholders which have provideddocumented information. These options include products provided by e.g.Aeromon Ltd, Bruker Ltd, Dräger, Environics Ltd, and Telops Ltd.The deployment platforms include surface vessels, manned aircrafts, satellites,aerostats, autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs), remote operated vehicles(ROVs) and unmanned aerial systems (UASs). UASs have also shown greatpotential in environmental monitoring as a novel, agile and cost-effective option.ROVs and AUVs also offer potential for underwater detection of oil.The detection of oils and chemicals exposes numerous challenges related to theprevailing environmental conditions (e.g. visibility, presence of ice or snow),limitations of the platform performance (e.g. payload, wind conditions,operational time) and sensors available for the mission. Consequently, differentsensors are needed for different target substances and for different weatherconditions.

An arrangement for hyperspectral imaging, comprising an imaging sensor (170,270); a band-pass filter element (130,230): at least one imaging optics element (120,160,220,260) configured to form an image on the imaging sensor (170,270); and a first adjustable multi passband filter (150a,255); wherein the first (150a,255) adjustable multi passband filter is configured to be adjusted by tilting.Patent family as of 10.12.2021CN108780008 A 20181109 CN201780017747 20170308 CN108780008 B 20210507 CN201780017747 20170308 EP3427023 A1 20190116 EP20170765914 20170308 EP3427023 A4 20191120 EP20170765914 20170308 FI126608 B 20170315 FI20160005213 20160315 FI20165213 A 20170315 FI20160005213 20160315 JP2019511870 T2 20190425 JP20180548218T 20170308 US2017269351 AA 20170921 US20170459164 20170315 US9835847 BB 20171205 US20170459164 20170315 WO17158231 A1 20170921 WO2017FI50155 20170308Link to current patent family on right

ENEFIR-project was realized in the years 2010 – 2011. One topic was how to develop new metering and instrumentation concepts as well as analyzing tools to improve comprehensive energy performance of buildings. There were three pilot areas in Eastern Finland in the project: One bigger city (in Finnish circumstances), population 100 000, the energy performance of public buildings in relatively well managed, one medium-size small city (population 20 000) and one small community. The energy saving potential of public buildings medium and small size communities were analyzed based on the reference material compared with MOTIVA-material (results of energy audits of Motiva Ltd) and energy efficiency calculation tools. Motiva operates as an affiliated government agency and it is an expert company promoting efficient and sustainable use of energy and materials. In all pilot areas some demonstration buildings were chosen, in which the air tightness was measured using the building´s own ventilation system. The performance of building envelope was determined by thermal scanning. In some buildings the distribution of electricity consumption was measured. In the biggest city walk-through energy audit procedure was tested in two buildings. In the same city, three pairs of similar type of buildings were selected, the other with low heating energy consumption and the other of high heating energy consumption. The goal was to analyses which factors caused the differences in energy consumption. The conclusions,methods and measures vary depending on the type, size and resources of a community; the most important thing is to create a short- and long-term holistic program to improve the energy efficiency. One crucial topic is the use and development of existing building automation systems. In this paper the most important results and conclusions of the project will be presented.

After Energy Performance of Buildings-directive (EPBD) came into operation within the European Union, Finland also began the work to adjust building codes matching the new directive. There was no regulation dealing with air tightness before, but when the building codes were changing, air tightness was taken into the codes. In the newest version of Energy Efficiency of buildings-code (the version of 2012, the earlier versions 2010 and 2008) the air leakage value is determined as follows: The air leakage value q(50) is not allowed to be higher than 4 (m3/h*m(2)). The better value can be proven by measurements or by other types of procedures. If air tightness has not been proven by measurement or by other procedures, air leak rate 4 (m3/h*m(2)) must be used in energy efficiency calculations. The reference value used in evaluation of heat losses is q(50) = 2 (m3/h*m(2)). In the new building code the levels of air tightness has been determined: As an example, for apartment houses and offices a good level is 1, 0 - 4, 0 (m3/h*m(2)) equal to n50 0, 5 - 1, 5 1/h. Changes in building codes have caused an emerging interest to measure and to improve air tightness in buildings. Also measuring of air tightness is now certified as a building thermographer has been certified. Also mentioned in the new building code is that the air tightness of a building can also be measured by using the ventilation system of the building. In this paper, results and experiences of air tightness measurements of different buildings are presented using the own ventilation system of the building. The results have also been compared with the results of coincident blower-door measurements. Some suggestive calculations of the effect of air leaks for energy efficiency have also been made dealing with various levels of air tightness. Also the use of two-stage thermography in locating air leak patterns has been introduced. The use of the building's own ventilation system can be used in evaluating the level of air-tightness, but the results differ from the results achieved using the blower-door method. It is essential that a certain level has been set in the design phase and it is verified. The biggest problem is in existing building stock and theoretically the biggest potential to save energy is in existing buildings. There are some limitations especially when aiming to verify the specified air tightness level using the building's own ventilation system and also when evaluating the actual energy losses caused by air tightness.

Normaalikäyttöön tarkoitettu lämpökamera ei "näe" liekkien läpi. VTT:n Cedip Titanium -lämpökameralla nähdään liekkien läpi, kun sen suodinkiekkoon detektorin ja linssin väliin asennetaan erityinen liekkisuodin. Liekkisuodin on optinen kaistanpäästösuodin, jonka keskiaallonpituus on noin 3,5 - 4,1 µm. Kameralla voidaan sen jälkeen tutkia tulipesiä palamisprosessin ollessa käynnissä. Lämpökuvaus on kohdetta koskettamaton mittaus, joten se ei häiritse prosessia.