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Five taxa that morphologically resemble Astrocystis and Collodiscula were collected on bamboo culms from Guizhou, Hainan and Yunnan provinces in China. Based on morphology and molecular analyses (combined ITS, RPB2, β-tubulin and α-actin genes), these species were identified as Astrocystis cocoes (a new record to China), A. bambusicola, Collodiscula japonica and two new species (A. multiloculata and C. lancangjiangensis). Astrocystis multiloculata can be distinguished from other Astrocystis species by its superficial stromata containing many perithecia and larger ascospores (19–25 × 7–11 μm). Collodiscula lancangjiangensis has larger ascospores (26–36.5 × 5–7.5 μm) than those of the most similar species C. fangjingshanensis (19–25.5 × 4.5–6 μm). It also has larger, 3-septate ascospores than C. japonica (1-septate, 19–26 × 4.5–5.5 μm).

In the process of studying the diversity of Xylariales in China, three species owning characteristics of Graphostromataceae were observed in China. Morphology of the described species with illustrations and their phylogeny based on regions of internal transcribed spacers (ITS), the second-largest subunit of the RNA polymerase II (RPB2), β-tubulin (TUB2) and α-actin (ACT) are provided. Two new species and one new record from China are identified. Morphologically, Biscogniauxia glaucae sp. nov. differs from B. atropunctata var. maritima, B. citriformis var. macrospora, B. fuscella and B. mediterranea by its stromata with raised margins, clear outlines, punctate ostioles openings and ascospores which are equilateral with broadly rounded ends, a straight spore-length germ slit on the more concave side, lacking appendages and sheathes. Graphostroma guizhouensis is identified as a new species based on the multi-gene phylogenetic tree. Camillea broomeana with scanning electron microscope description of ascospores is illustrated as a new record from China. Cryptostroma is proposed in Graphostromataceae based on molecular data. Vivantia is accepted in Graphostromataceae based on its morphological characteristics and Nodulisporiurn anamorphs which are similar to those of Biscogniauxia.

Three Rosellinia species were collected from southern China. Based on morphological and phylogenetic analyses, two are introduced as new species while the other is reported as a new record. Rosellinia qiongensis sp. nov. and R. verticillata sp. nov. belong to the R. emergens group. Rosellinia qiongensis differs from its similar species by its dimension of ascospores and three short germ slits on ascospores. Rosellinia verticillata differs from species in this group by its ascospores with whole spore length germ silt and surrounded by a thin slimy sheath. All taxa are made available to illustrations and descriptions.

In this study, fungal specimens of the family Diatrypaceae were collected from karst areas in Guizhou, Hainan and Yunnan Provinces, China. Morpho-molecular analyses confirmed that these new collections comprise a new genusPseudodiatrype, three new species (Diatrype lancangensis,Diatrypella pseudooregonensisandEutypa cerasi), a new combination (Diatrypella oregonensis), two new records (Allodiatrype thailandicaandDiatrypella vulgaris) from China and two other known species (Neoeutypella baoshanensisandParaeutypella citricola). The new taxa are introduced, based on multi-gene phylogenetic analyses (ITS, β-tubulin), as well as morphological analyses. The new genusPseudodiatrypeis characterised by its wart-like stromata with 5–20 ascomata immersed in one stroma and the endostroma composed of thin black outer and inner layers of large white cells with thin, powdery, yellowish cells. These characteristics separate this genus from two similar generaAllodiatrypeandDiatrype. Based on morphological as well as phylogenetic analyses,Diatrype lancangensisis introduced as a new species ofDiatrype. The stromata ofDiatrype lancangensisare similar to those ofD. subundulataandD. undulate, but the ascospores are larger. Based on phylogenetic analyses,Diatrype oregonensisis transferred to the genusDiatrypellaasDiatrypella oregonensiswhileDiatrypella pseudooregonensisis introduced as a new species ofDiatrypellawith 8 spores in an ascus. In addition, multi-gene phylogenetic analyses show thatEutypa cerasiis closely related toE. lata, but the ascomata and asci ofEutypa cerasiare smaller. The polyphyletic nature of some genera of Diatrypaceae has led to confusion in the classification of the family, thus we discuss whether the number of ascospores per asci can still be used as a basis for classification.

Three species possessing characteristics of Graphostromataceae were observed in China. Morphology of the described species with illustrations and their phylogeny based on regions of internal transcribed spacers (ITS), the second largest subunit of the RNA polymerase II (RPB2), β-tubulin (TUB2) and α-actin (ACT) are provided. Two new species and one new record from China were identified. Morphologically, Biscogniauxia glaucae sp. nov. differs from B. atropunctata var. maritima, B. citriformis var. macrospora, B. fuscella and B. mediterranea by its stromata with raised margins, with clear outlines, with punctate ostioles openings and ascospores which are equilateral with broadly rounded ends, with a straight germ slit on the more concave side, nearly full spore length, lacking appendages and sheathes. ITS sequence difference between Graphostroma guizhouensis sp. nov and type strain of G. platystomum is 7%, which support identifying it as a new species. Camillea broomeana with scanning electron microscope description of ascospores was illustrated as a new record from China. Cryptostroma was proposed in Graphostromataceae based on molecular data. Vivantia was accepted in Graphostromataceae based on its morphological characteristics and Nodulisporiurn anamorphs which is similar with that of Biscogniauxia.

This study compares different hashing encryption algorithms and provides several suggestions about how to choose different hashing encryption algorithms for particular cases. This paper presents three different kinds of hashing encryption algorithms. The author introduces the fundamental conceptions of these algorithms and their application. The author also computes some significant factors in computer science and compares these algorithms by mathematical quantity computing data. This article discusses the advantages and disadvantages of hashing encryption algorithms and proposes its potential value in the future.