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Earthquake Environmental Effects (EEEs) such as surface faulting, landslides, liquefaction and tsunamis are widely distributed following strong seismic events and may account for a significant part of the overall damage. Here, we investigate EEEs generated by two earthquakes with different source parameters, both occurring along the Mexican subduction zone: the Sept. 8, 2017, Mw 8.2, moderate depth, normal fault, intraslab event; and the June 23, 2020, Mw 7.0, shallow depth, thrust fault, interface event. We document all the EEEs for each event, assign an intensity value using the Environmental Seismic Intensity (ESI-2007) scale, and derive the macroseismic fields. Finally, we compute the attenuation of intensity with distance and we compare it with other subduction zone earthquakes worldwide, demonstrating the repeatability of EEEs. This work represents the first application of the ESI-2007 scale to an intraslab earthquake and documents its wide applicability in different seismotectonic settings. We argue that EEEs provide useful information that should not be neglected in seismic hazard assessment procedures.

Relevance The creation of a system of work with schoolchildren focused on choosing a profession taking into account possible success in a specific professional field is relevant. Aim The article is aimed at analysis of the situation of adolescents’ susceptibility to such guidance basing on different components. Materials and Methods The methodology of creating and implementing a special course is focused on the formation of basic elements of readiness for professional activities. Results The authors of the study developed long-term projects that are considered to improve socio-economic development and increase the quality of work in various industries and at the personal level–socio-cultural development and socialization of adolescents. Conclusion The career guidance for adolescents should include information about the means of communication. The development of the definition of technological means to provide information on the choice of profession is a significant part of the career guidance program.

The ability to remember events in vivid, multisensory detail is a significant part of human experience, allowing us to relive previous encounters and providing us with the store of memories that shape our identity. Recent research has sought to understand the subjective experience of remembering, that is, what it feels like to have a memory. Such remembering involves reactivating sensory-perceptual features of an event and the thoughts and feelings we had when the event occurred, integrating them into a conscious first-person experience. It allows us to reflect on the content of our memories and to understand and make judgments about them, such as distinguishing events that actually occurred from those we might have imagined or been told about. In this review, we consider recent evidence from functional neuroimaging in healthy participants and studies of neurological and psychiatric conditions, which is shedding new light on how we subjectively experience remembering. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Psychology, Volume 73 is January 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

Transcatheter tricuspid valve (TV) interventions have increased dramatically in recent years. TV imaging is challenging in many respects. Given the TV's anatomic complexity, multimodality imaging, which is centered on echocardiography (echo), plays a significant part in planning and execution of these interventions. With the help of echo-guided imaging, pathophysiologic mechanisms for TV disease are better understood, and thus, appropriate valve intervention can be strategized. Novel devices for the TV continue to be developed, and thus, intraprocedural echo imaging will continue to evolve in the days ahead.

This article examines the evolution of the long-lasting trends and factors affecting the transport sector, which is responsible for a significant part of Hungarian carbon dioxide emissions. Empirical evidence suggests that the primary driving forces behind emissions from cars are stock development and carbon intensity. In freight transport, the primary driver of decarbonization is the rate of rail freight in total freights. By 2030, motorization and the size of cars will probably increase, so no significant emission reductions are expected in this area. In contrast, the increasing proportion of rail traffic can be a substantial decarbonization reserve. By 2030, carbon dioxide emissions from passenger cars could increase by 1.5 million tonnes and from freight transport could decrease by 1 million tonnes, which would mean a further increase in the sector's aggregate pollution.

Despite the fact that the Muslim ummah was united at the time of the emergence of Islam, over time, disputes over issues of faith and law arose between them. Conquest movements and the acquaintance of Muslims with other peoples over time led to the emergence of various trends, the dissemination of arguments and theoretical questions related to socio-political problems. At the end of this process, currents emerged that began to divide into different schools. During this period, religious and theological schools began to take their own forms. Most of these schools opposed different currents of the time and formed important schools, communicating openly or secretly with other currents. And a significant part of society began to adhere to their views. One of these schools of Maturidism originated in Transoxiana. Khorasan and Transoxiana were important regions of Iran and the Islamic world from the early centuries until the arrival of the Mongols. This region attracted attention for its geographical and natural features. Abu Mansour al-Maturidi is the leader of Ahl al-Sunnah in Transoxiana. Imam Maturidi systematically reconstructed the views associated with Islamic beliefs written in Abu Hanifa's book “Fikkhul Akbar”. Maturidi's views on Islamic theology were named by the Maturidi school because of its ability to give scientific character to its beliefs. Since most of the Hanafi scholars held the views of the faith of Imam Maturidi, he was also accepted as a mutakallim of the Hanafi school, which was formed within the views of Abu Hanifa.

Land availability is the great significant part in infrastructure development. To support the land availability, the government pursues a program called land acquisition. Land acquisition is regulated in Law Number 2 of 2012 and Government Regulation Number 71 of 2012. Based on Government Regulation Number 40 of 2014, land acquisition is divided into two, including large scale with an area of more than 5 hectares and small scale based with an area of less than 5 hectares. Small-scale land acquisition is further regulated in Presidential Regulation Number 148 of 2015 Article 121 paragraph (3) which does not require a determination of location. The purpose of this study was to determine the implementation process as well as the advantages and disadvantages of small-scale land acquisition with and without location determination in Sleman Regency. This research used a qualitative method with a descriptive approach. The results of this research showed that the implementation of land acquisition with determination of location has advantages (4) and weaknesses (6) while land acquisition without determination of location has advantages (6) and disadvantages (4).

The slag-metal-gas multiphase system in converters is crucial for smelting effectiveness and process stability during steelmaking. However, as a key course of the multiphase interaction, slag foaming was not the focus in previous studies due to its complexity. Therefore, we designed a modeling method of slag foaming. Using this method, this article investigated the effects of top blowing impingement and bottom blowing agitation on slag foaming in a combined top and bottom blowing converter. The experimental results indicated that foamed slag, primarily caused by the slag-metal reaction releasing gas, is a significant part of the multiphase system. The maximum height of foamed slag was reduced with increasing bottom blowing gas flowrate as the result of the acceleration of gas escaping. The top blowing gas presented a suppression effect on the foamed slag, which was strengthened by a decrease in top blowing lance height and increase in top blowing gas flowrate.

Twenty six precious items from the Varvara and Bohdan Khanenko collection discovered in the Oguz kurgan (Lower Dnieper region) are analyzed in the paper. These items were found by peasants in the fall of 1901 in the destroyed part of the kurgan and ended up to the hands of antiquities traders. Now these items are kept in the Museum of Historical Treasures of Ukraine. The study of objects made us possible to conclude that only decorative items for horse equipment were of unconditional origin from Oguz kurgan (fig. 1—2). These items complement the finds that are kept in the State Hermitage (Sankt-Peterburg, Russia) and also come from the Oguz kurgan. Together they are four completes sets of decoration of horse bridle of so-called Chertomlyk type. Some round plaques (fig. 1: 4—5) were used for saddles decoration. The total number of such plaques indicates that 9 or 10 saddles were found. This determines the total number of horses buried in the Central tomb of the Oguz kurgan. The cone (fig. 2) served as a decoration for the horse’s neck. Five more such items are kept in the State Hermitage. They were found only in the Oguz kurgan. The significant part of other items (upholstery of a wooden bowl, jewelry, appliquйs (fig. 3) were probably found by peasants in other steppe kurgans which were robbed by diggers at the beginning of the 20th century. Two small appliquйs (fig. 3: 5—6) probably come from the necropolises of ancient Greek colonies, possibly Chersonesos. Unfortunately, almost all items from old or modern private collections lose the historical context in which they were found. Probably, some items (fig. 1: 6—9; 3: 3—4, 7—8) were «restored» by antiquities dealers and, as a result, lost their authentic appearance.

Chemical, manufacturing, and control development timelines occupy a significant part of vaccine end-to-end development. In the on-going race for accelerating timelines, in silico process development constitutes a viable strategy that can be achieved through an artificial intelligence (AI)-driven or a mechanistically oriented approach. In this opinion, we focus on the mechanistic option and report on the modeling competencies required to achieve it. By inspecting the most frequent vaccine process units, we identify fluid mechanics, thermodynamics and transport phenomena, intracellular modeling, hybrid modeling and data science, and model-based design of experiments as the pillars for vaccine development. In addition, we craft a generic pathway for accommodating the modeling competencies into an in silico process development strategy.

We explore whether theoretically the target leverage and pecking-order models can be reconciled with payout smoothing. Investment absorbs a significant part of income and asset volatility if the firm follows both a payout target and a net debt ratio (NDR) target. A positive (negative) NDR amplifies (dampens) shocks in assets. Slow adjustment toward the NDR target facilitates payout smoothing. Under strict pecking-order financing, income shocks are absorbed primarily by changes in net debt. More payout smoothing implies a stronger negative relation between debt and net income. Shocks to assets in place need not affect current payout.

Technological advancements in data science have offered us affordable storage and efficient algorithms to query a large volume of data. Our health records are a significant part of this data, which is pivotal for healthcare providers and can be utilized in our well-being. The clinical note in electronic health records is one such category that collects a patient’s complete medical information during different timesteps of patient care available in the form of free-texts. Thus, these unstructured textual notes contain events from a patient’s admission to discharge, which can prove to be significant for future medical decisions. However, since these texts also contain sensitive information about the patient and the attending medical professionals, such notes cannot be shared publicly. This privacy issue has thwarted timely discoveries on this plethora of untapped information. Therefore, in this work, we intend to generate synthetic medical texts from a private or sanitized (de-identified) clinical text corpus and analyze their utility rigorously in different metrics and levels. Experimental results promote the applicability of our generated data as it achieves more than 80\% accuracy in different pragmatic classification problems and matches (or outperforms) the original text data.

The article examines the features of providing emergency gynecological care during the spread of coronavirus infection. The author comes to the conclusion that the majority of urgent gynecological cases are complex, and a significant part of them requires urgent surgical care. Also, an important role in this process is played by the organization of environmental safety and disinfection, competent management of medical waste. All of the above will optimize the process of diagnosis and treatment of emergency gynecological patients and reduce the risk of exposure to infectious pathogens on medical personnel as part of the application of planned measures for the prevention and control of COVID-19.

To ensure the correct functioning of district heating networks and minimize critical failures, utilities allocate every year a significant part of their budget to maintenance operations. In the present work we describe a risk-based approach implemented to tackle the problem of designing optimal multi-year maintenance campaigns, applied to the Italian city of Brescia, showing how data-driven techniques can help decision makers assess the long terms impacts of budget allocations.

A teacher’s professional life comprises several experiences with a pivotal role in shaping the very essence of teaching. Critical Incidents constitute a significant part of these aforementioned exp...

The article examines the socio-demographic indicators of professional groups of medical workers, some factors of job satisfaction. Purpose of the study - socio-demographic characteristics of medical personnel in obstetric institutions for the further development of scientifically based recommendations on the formation of health-preserving behavior. The research was carried out by means of anonymous questionnaires on the basis of obstetric institutions of the second and third levels. Ryazan, Kolomna, Lipetsk, Smolensk. The study involved doctors (obstetricians-gynecologists, neonatologists) and nurses (midwives, anesthetics nurses, ward nurses). The study showed that about half of the respondents in medical professions, one tenth in the professional groups of nursing staff belong to the age category under 30 years old. The age group of 30-39 years is represented by doctors and mid-level medical personnel in almost equal proportions. In the age group 40 years and older, representatives of the nursing professions prevail. A significant part of the respondents are medical professions, have work experience in their specialty from 5 to 9 years; representatives of nursing professions, mainly, have work experience of 10-14 years and more than 15 years. In the families of nursing staff (nurse anesthetists and ward nurses), one can note dissatisfaction and incomplete satisfaction with the level of wages and lack of confidence in the future. The revealed dissatisfaction with work can lead to a decrease in motivation to perform professional duties. Socio-demographic characteristics are basic and serve as the basis for further hygienic and statistical studies, identifying correlations between unfavorable hygienic factors (physical inactivity, prolonged static load, local overstrain of certain muscle groups, exposure to physical, chemical and biological factors, psychoemotional and informational stress).

Данной работой вводится в научный оборот коллекция украшений из стекла в количестве 153 предметов, происходящая с памятника эпохи Золотой Орды – города Маджар (Буденновский район, Ставропольский край). В исследовании использованы типологические принципы, предложенные М.Д. Полубояриновой. Типологизация вещей показала, что на городище в большом количестве встречаются монохромные бусы с широкими аналогиями и датировками XI–XVI вв. Важное место среди монохромных занимают бусы бирюзового цвета, распространенные более всего в золотоордынских городах Поволжья (середина XIII–XIV вв.). В этих же городах широко распространились и производились пятнистые, глазчатые и полосатые бусы, также занимающие важное место в исследуемой коллекции. Подвески из Маджарской коллекции находят аналогии в кочевнических погребениях золотоорынского времени, встречаются на памятниках Средней Азии. Изучаемая коллекция стеклянных украшений из Маджара демонстрирует прямую связь с ремесленными мастерскими золотоордынских городов Поволжья, традиции которых формировались преимущественно под влиянием хорезмийских и иранских, хотя прослеживается влияние домонгольского стеклодельного ремесла Волжской Булгарии и Руси. ЛитератураАлихова А.Е. Старосотенский могильник // Археологический сборник. Вып. 1 / Ред. Ю.В. Готье, Н.Ф. Цыганов, Ю.А. Котков. Саранск: Мордовское книжное издательство. 1948. С. 212−258.Алихова А.Е. Эрзянский могильник XIV в. у с. Гагино // Из древней и средневековой истории мордовского народа / Отв. ред. А.П. Смирнов. Саранск: Мордовское книжное изд-во, 1959. С. 169−184.Арциховский А.В. Курганы вятичей. М.: РАНИОН, 1930. 222 с.Бусятская Н.Н. Стеклянные изделия городов Поволжья (XIII–XIV вв.) // Средневековые памятники Поволжья / Отв. ред. А.П. Смирнов. М.: Наука, 1976. С. 38−72.Валиулина С.И. Стекло Волжской Булгарии (по материалам Билярского городища). Казань: Казанский государственный университет им. В.И. Ульянова-Ленина, 2005. 280 с.Галкин Л.Л. Стеклодельная мастерская на городище Селитренное // СА. 1984. № 2. С. 213–221.Каримова Р.Р. Элементы убранства и аксессуары костюма кочевников Золотой Орды (типология и социокультурная интерпретация) / Археология евразийских степей. Вып. 16. Казань: Институт истории им. Ш. Марджани, 2013. 212 с.Левашова В.П. Бусы из Кара-Корума // Древнемонгольские города / Отв. ред. С.В. Киселев. М.: Наука. 1965. С. 297–307.Львова З.А. Стеклянные браслеты и бусы из Саркела – Белой Вежи // МИА. № 75 / Отв. ред. М.И. Артамонов. М.-Л.: Изд-во АН СССР, 1959. С. 307−332.Монгайт А.Л. Старая Рязань / Материалы и исследования по археологии древнерусских городов. Т. 4. / МИА. № 49. М.: АН СССР, 1955. 228 с.Мыськов Е.П. Кочевники Волго-Донских степей в эпоху Золотой Орды. Волгоград: РАНХиГС, 2015. 484 с.Обухов Ю.Д. Историография археологического изучения городища Маджары // Материалы V Международной Нижневолжской археологической конференции / Отв. ред. П.М. Кольцов. Элиста: Изд. Калмыцкого университета, 2016. С. 249−254.Полубояринова М.Д. Стеклянные изделия Болгарского городища // Город Болгар: Очерки ремесленной деятельности / Отв. ред. Г.А. Федоров-Давыдов. М.: Наука, 1988. С. 151–219.Полубояринова М.Д. Стеклодельная мастерская XIV в. в городе Болгаре // РА. 2006. № 4. С. 57−72.Федоров-Давыдов Г.А. Кочевники Восточной Европы под властью золотоордынских ханов. Археологические памятники. М.: Изд-во МГУ, 1966. 276 с.Фехнер М.В. К вопросу об экономических связях древнерусской деревни // Очерки по истории русской деревни X–XIII вв. / Труды ГИМ. Вып. 33 / Ред. Б.А. Рыбаков. М: Советская Россия. 1959. С. 149–224..Щапова Ю.Л. Стеклянные бусы древнего Новгорода // Труды Новгородской археологической экспедиции. Т. I / МИА. № 55 / Отв. ред. А.В. Арциховский и Б.А. Колчин. М.: АН СССР, 1956. С. 164–179.Щапова Ю.Л. Стекло Киевской Руси. М.: МГУ, 1972. 216 с.Щапова Ю.Л. Химико-технологическое изучение стекол из мастерской на городище Селитренное // СА. 1984. № 2. С. 222−224.

A significant part of sewerage networks in cities in the country are reinforced concrete pipelines with a diameter of 500 to 1500 mm, which lie at a small depth. In many cases, they transport wastewater to treatment plants through areas free of traffic and pedestrians. These factors allow you to effectively perform repair and restoration work in an open way. Corrosion processes that occur in the surface part of the collectors lead to the destruction of the basement. The tray part of the collectors, which is constantly filled with wastewater, remains intact. As studies have shown, the preserved tray part can be successfully used as a fixed formwork and support element in the restoration of the basement of the collector. In this case, to create a new basement part of the collector, in place of the destroyed, it is advisable to use a monolithic structure of polymer concrete reinforced with composite reinforcement. These works are performed using pneumatic and inventory formwork. To implement the proposed structure, it is necessary to perform a preliminary calculation of its load-bearing capacity, provided that it rests on the preserved tray part. As a result of this work it is possible to receive economy in comparison with use for repair and restoration works of polyethylene and fiberglass pipes of necessary diameter. During the calculation, a model of the collector was considered, consisting of a preserved tray part of the collector made of concrete class C12 / 15, the upper part of the collector made of concrete class C20 / 25. The calculation proved the possibility of using polymer concrete structures for repair and restoration of sewers in an open way, provided that the new basement rests on the preserved tray part. The proposed open method allows to significantly reduce the cost of repair and restoration work in comparison with the use of polyethylene and fiberglass pipes.

The purpose of the review is to analyze the results of the use of vitamin-mineral supplements (MMS) during pregnancy using the databases of the RSCI, CyberLeninka, pubMed. The detection of micronutrient deficiency in a significant part of pregnant women requires its unconditional correction by taking vitamin-mineral supplements. In recent years, the emphasis has shifted to studying the effect of MMS intake on the course and outcomes of pregnancy. The effects described in the literature should be treated critically. Most of the studies are based only on a retrospective survey of pregnant women (according to the ‘yes' or ‘no' principle), their supply of micronutrients is not monitored; no causal relationship is established. There is no objective monitoring of the MMS intake. Uncertainties include the composition and doses of micronutrients in the MMS used, the lack of data on drug intake, the assumption that all MMS are equivalent in composition and micronutrient content, and the grouping of women taking MMS with different composition into one group. In addition, the use of incorrect indicators in assessing the physical growth of children occurs. The positive effect of additional intake of MMS is manifested only if initially there was a deficiency of micronutrients.Conclusions. The intake of MMS during pregnancy improves the supply of vitamins for those women in whose diet there is a lack of them. This prophylaxis reduces the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes due to vitamin deficiencies.

The series of crime novels by the Canadian writer Alan Bradley can be perceived as a series about England and Englishness. William Shakespeare and his works constitute an extremely significant part among the cultural markers of Englishness. Thus, it is not surprising that in the world of literature there is a great number of references to the texts of the great playwright; and these references serve various functions and appear on different textual levels. The aim of this article is a thorough and multifaceted presentation of these references, as well as a demonstration of the literary character of the series about Flavia de Luce in the light of these references.

This review article discusses research and practical guidelines on the use of the cognitive behavioral approach in psychotherapy for self-harming behavior. Self-harm is an acute problem of modern psychiatry, psychotherapy and clinical psychology, affecting mainly young people. A significant part of the research on assistance is devoted to cognitive behavioral therapy and related areas. Given the complexity of the phenomenon of self-harm, the first part of the article considers the theoretical models that underlie the applied hikes. This was followed by a review of studies on various areas of psychotherapy for self-harming behavior. The main techniques and basic principles of cognitive-behavioral psychotherapy were considered, and illustrative practical examples were given. It is concluded that the quality of evidence is currently insufficient, but the methods of the cognitive-behavioral approach are recognized as well-established and promising for helping patients in this group.

The article considers regional social assistance policies in terms of efficiency. The analysis is based on data from a representative household survey conducted by the Federal State Statistics Service (Rosstat). Efficiency of regional social assistance policies is understood as efficiency of regional budget expenditures on social assistance measures in terms of the impact of these measures on poverty rate and gap, as well as on income inequality. The funds spent on regional social transfers are comparable to the total poverty gap, but reduce the latter by only 9% and the poverty rate by only 1% (from 12 to 11%). To increase efficiency, a significant part of social assistance spending should be redistributed in favor of those most in need.

Diseases of the tonsils and adenoids are extremely common in children and make up a significant part of the paediatric ENT surgeon's practice, as well as presenting frequently to paediatric and primary care teams. The majority of adenotonsillar pathology in children is either infective or obstructive in nature. This article discusses the anatomy and pathophysiology of acute and chronic adenotonsillar disease and discusses how to evaluate a child with suspected adenotonsillar pathology clinically, in both the outpatient and emergency scenario. Surgical management and the adenoidectomy and tonsillectomy techniques are described. The current multidisciplinary working group guidelines regarding surgery for obstructive sleep apnoea in children are also highlighted.

The Ukrainian distance education market is less than 15 years old, so it is clear that it is just being formed and has not yet encompassed educational institutions in large quantities: schools, institutions of professional and higher education, postgraduate institutions. But today, during the COVID‑19 pandemic, for the modern education system, the issue of transforming the forms and methods of teaching, in particular, its rapid and massive transition to distance learning, is relevant. In order to understand what consequences the system of higher and postgraduate education can expect, studies are being carried out in different countries to study the perception of distance learning, its effectiveness and the prospects for mass application. The article examines the perception of distance learning in the system of advanced training of public servants and teachers, as well as students of Ukrainian higher educational institutions. The results of the study showed that the vast majority of public officials, teachers and students quickly adapted to the new form of education and actively use domestic web platforms for distance courses and various online distance learning systems. At the same time, only a small part of the respondents believe that the level of knowledge they receive through distance learning is lower than in the «face‑to‑face» format, and a significant part of adults are always ready to study remotely, although the majority of respondents consider it effective and useful for myself a mixed form of study. © Siberian Federal University. All rights reserved

Intramuros, also known as the "Walled City," is one of the Philippines' prides and a top tourist spot in Manila. If marketed well, more people will go down memory lane and learn about this must-see destination. One will venture into its culture and learn the history within the walls. To make use of this advantage, a platform is effective. Thus, social media impact is seen nowadays as an effective way to create an impact in the tourism industry. This study aims to explore how social media affected the tourism growth in Intramuros as perceived by tourists from National Capital Region. This descriptive study utilized snowball sampling resulting in 400 respondents from the National Capital Region, aged 18 and above, who visited Intramuros. The findings revealed that social media has a significant part in Intramuros' tourism growth. Thus, social media serves as a popular platform among visitors to research trips and share their travel's most significant memories. Reviews and Feedback help determine the needed improvement of Intramuros, and social media serves as a cost-effective way to reach target audiences. The walled city's cultural, historical, and religious benefits are some of the factors that influence the tourist to visit Intramuros.

Conservation of the European-built heritage is nowadays closely related to interventions in masonry construction. Since a significant part of these structures are located in earthquake prone zones,...

In this research, a conceptual review was made for the application of data mining to the financial sector. In other words, it is summarized in empirical studies using financial data and data mining method. As a result of the general scanning, it was determined that data mining is used in many areas and it is widely used in empirical studies in the field of finance. When the financial studies using data mining methods are examined, it has been determined that a significant part of the studies in question are carried out in the field of risk management and financial failure. In the study, it was also revealed that artificial neural networks are the most used data mining methods in the field of finance. As a result of the general survey, it was determined that there is a need for research on credit scoring, abnormal return estimation, manipulation detection and portfolio management with data mining methods.

Leiomodin is an important emerging regulator of thin filaments. As novel molecular, cellular, animal model, and human data accumulate, the mechanisms of its action become clearer. Structural studies played a significant part in understanding the functional significance of leiomodin's interacting partners and functional domains. In this review, we present the current state of knowledge on the structural and cellular properties of leiomodin which has led to two proposed mechanisms of its function. Although it is known that leiomodin is essential for life, numerous domains within leiomodin remain unstudied and as such, we outline future directions for investigations that we predict will provide evidence that leiomodin is a multifunctional protein.

Marriage is a contract between two mature and responsible individuals. Nikha is the most significant part of Islamic marriage ceremony. It is an agreement between husband and wife in form of contract. It has been clearly mentioned in the Holy Quran and in Hadith. Sex is a need of every human species. In order to differentiate between human beings and animals, Islam has presented the marriage contract in a form of nikha to legalize sex for Muslims. In the sphere of life, husband and wife are like two wheels of a cart in which they share equal rights and responsibilities. The Holy Quran has clearly stated these rights and responsibilities which are given to both these genders. If a woman wants to terminate her nikha or if she wishes to get separated from her husband, she has given the right of Khula just like the male who has the right to dissolve his marriage by giving divorce.

The article is devoted to the creation of the collection “Books of the Imperial House of Romanovs” in the National Electronic Library (NEB) within the framework of the project “Book Monuments”. The general approach to the designation of imperial and grand ducal collections is based on the analysis of presence of the books in the collections of the Russian State Library (RSL). To justify the decision, the author considers the history of private book collections that belonged to the Romanovs before 1917 and their fate after the revolution. The book collections of representatives of the family in historical and scientific literature are divided into imperial and grand ducal collections. After the revolution, the significant part of the libraries located in the residences of St. Petersburg and its suburbs were moved to the Winter Palace. Some collections remained in the owners’ palaces and were distributed and moved to different organizations. After the decision was made to allocate the books to different organizations, the significant part of them was sent first to the Rumyantsev Museum, and then to the V.I. Lenin State Library of the USSR (now the Russian State Library). After registration, the books were distributed between different parts of the holdings without taking into account the ownership of the previous owners; and at present, it is not possible to restore them as a single complex. Based on the study and analysis of the archival documents of the Russian State Library, which had covered the receipt and allocation of the books in quite a detail, it was decided to combine all the books into a single electronic collection, since only this decision will allow getting together the copies of imperial and grand ducal books on a single resource and making them available for general access and study. The NEB’s capabilities allow providing information to specialists in the humanities and a wide range of users.

EnglishThe objective is to identify and reflect on what rap music has to say about the extermination of black, poor, and peripheral youth in Brazil, based on the analysis of the songs by the group Racionais MC’s. The themes of these songs have affective, reflective, and political elements. Annually, the homicide rate of young people in the country, according to statistical data, are higher than in countries with conditions of “declared war”. In the Brazilian case, this situation may be more complex, as extermination – in various forms and for diverse reasons – is expressed in everyday life as a cultural practice, which is why it is naturalized, consented, and desired by a significant part of society. portuguesO objetivo e identificar e refletir sobre o que a musica rap tem a dizer a respeito do exterminio da juventude negra, pobre e periferica no Brasil, a partir da analise das cancoes do grupo Racionais MC’s. Essas musicas apresentam elementos afetivos, reflexivos e politicos sobre o tema. Anualmente, os homicidios de jovens, no pais, conforme dados estatisticos, apresentam indices superiores aos de paises em condicao de “guerra declarada”. No caso brasileiro, essa situacao pode ser mais complexa, pois o exterminio – em suas varias formas e seus diversos motivos – expressa-se na vida cotidiana como pratica cultural, por isso e naturalizado, consentido e desejado por parte significativa da sociedade.

Objectives: The current paper focuses on the impact of the unexpected event of the Covid-19 pandemic on the maritime industry. It searches the role adopted by key stakeholders of the shipping community with particular emphasis on the Ship Registries. Methods/Analysis: In order to conduct the research, there has been a thorough investigation concerning the initiatives taken by both governmental and private sector entities. Regulations and announcements issued to handle the Covid-19 pandemic are analysed and properly assessed. Findings: The response of the shipping sector, including the Ship Registries, was decisive and covered numerous aspects of maritime activity. Some of these actions taken can only be regarded as a temporary reply of the maritime industry to the threats imposed by the disease. At the same time, a significant part of these initiatives have a more permanent character and their acceptance by the maritime industry underlines their future potential. In this case, the appearance of the random event of the Covid-19 disease acted as a catalyst for developments in the shipping sector. Novelty/Improvement: This study is expected to contribute to the scientific orientation concerning the reaction towards the impact of future unexpected events with particular emphasis on the role of the Ship Registries. Doi: 10.28991/esj-2021-SPER-06 Full Text: PDF

This article analyses behaviour strategies during conflict, including constructive and destructive aspects, institutional frameworks and considers the possibility of integrating territorial communities into decision-making systems in urban development. The research was based on an expert survey. Its geo­graphy covers three regional centers of the Russian Federation: Voronezh, Krasnodar and Yaroslavl. In total, thirty-four experts were interviewed representing various professional groups (urban communities, non-profit organizations and civil initiatives, regional and the local authorities, business structures, and academia). The theoretical basis of the research is the approach, which identified the main strategies of behaviour of participants in conflict situations. Based on the results of the study, it can be argued that the main prerequisites for the creation of communities are territorial identity and the presence of specific problems in a certain territory. Strategies of interaction with other subjects of urban conflicts are, as a rule, non-confrontational in nature. More often than not, communities choose cooperation and compromise, although such strategies are not always effective. This is due to the lack of resources to more actively defend their interests. In the structures of conflicting communities, a 'core' of activists is usually distinguished, but the leader’s role is also great. Through the latter, a significant part of the community’s communications is carried out, the definition of strategies, the formation of the agenda. The study shows that urban communities remain insufficiently integrated into the system of political and administrative decision-making and public policy institutions, which also complicates the integration of urban communities into mechanisms for constructive conflict regulation.

Potentially, the participation of small and medium-sized businesses in cross-border cooperation in the border regions of the country should intensify its development, bring specificity to it. However, the analysis showed that there is no noticeable specificity in the dynamics of employment in the field of small and medium-sized businesses in non-priority geostrategic border areas in comparison with other regions of Russia, incl. the crisis year 2020. As in the country as a whole, the development of small and medium-sized businesses in these border areas is difficult, unstable, multidirectional, moreover, in line with the longterm tendency towards its curtailment. Against the background of a generally unfavorable economic, including entrepreneurial, climate, the specifics of the functioning of small and medium-sized businesses in the border areas are hardly distinguishable. This lack of distinction confirms the low estimates of the degree of openness of the Russian economy, the fact that a significant part of the border regions are depressed. With a low level of openness, the potential opportunities from cross-border and other economic cooperation with foreign countries in such Russian territories are poorly realized and play a secondary role. Nonpriority border regions to a greater extent perform “barrier functions” due to geostrategic reasons, rather than the functions of economic growth points.

The locomotive industry of the railways is a significant consumer of fuel and energy resources. Energy costs make up a significant part of Ukrzaliznytsia's operating costs, up to 20%. Of these, more than 80% of diesel fuel and 83% of electricity is consumed by locomotives to ensure the transportation process. Naturally, this is the basis for solving the problem of reducing the energy consumption of the railway. However, the general wear of rolling stock, including the locomotive fleet, causes the deterioration of the main performance of railway transport and performance of the locomotive depo. In the current conditions in the depot, it is necessary to follow the strategy of introducing a comprehensive approach to change the situation for the better: in the operation of the locomotive fleet, in repair, in economic activity, in the system of advanced training of locomotive crews and repair personnel. An important component of this process is the introduction of maintenance, locomotives of modern diagnostic equipment for quality assessment of the technical condition of units and systems of locomotives. The energy economy of the locomotive depot occupies a significant share of the costs of organizing the operation of other facilities of the depot and locomotive fleet. In the conditions of rise in prices for energy resources before locomotive economy urgent tasks on development of strategy of economy of energy consumption are actual. The article analyzes the technical condition of the locomotive fleet and the dynamics of energy consumption of the depot over several years. With this in mind, specific measures are planned for economic energy consumption in the locomotive depo.

Build-Operate-Transfer (BOT) plays a significant part in promoting the construction of freeways. Due to the long construction period and large investment, many uncertain factors affect the inputs, outputs, and returns of freeway projects during the construction and operation periods. For project investments, funds, returns, risks, and other relevant factors of the projects should be considered, evaluated, and balanced. This paper presents the perception of net present value (NPV) at risk to solve the uncertain financing parameters of BOT freeway project. This paper analyses the critical indicators of BOT project investment, and establishes an investment portfolio decision-making model for BOT freeway projects to maximize the NPV of the project portfolio. Based on the proposed model, this paper calculates the optimal investment portfolio with real constraints from financial perspective. At last, an investment portfolio case study is also provided to test the proposed model.

The article aims to develop a scientific perspective for future studies by reviewing the relevant literature and synthesizing the available literature data within the framework of published studies on risk reporting between 2000 and 2020 years. In this research which content analysis is preferred in data collection was determined that a significant part of the studies examined were carried out after 2010, practiced on non-financial enterprises and covered a single country. In addition, that the majority of the articles and theses, both in papers and theses, are prepared in European countries and generally reveal the degree of relationship between various aspects of the enterprise (size, the structure of board, sector in which they operate) and the level of risk reporting has been concluded., Bu makalede 2000-2020 yılları arasında risk raporlamaya yönelik yayınlanmış araştırmalar çerçevesinde konuyla ilgili literatürün gözden geçirilmesi ve mevcut literatür verilerinin sentezlenmesiyle gelecekte yapılacak çalışmalar için bilimsel perspektifin geliştirilmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Veri toplamada içerik analizinin tercih edildiği bu araştırmada incelenen çalışmaların önemli bir kısmının 2010 yılından sonra yapıldığı, finansal olmayan işletmeler üzerinde gerçekleştirildiği ve tek bir ülkeyi kapsadığı tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca konuya yönelik gerek bildiri gerekse de tezlerin tamamı ile makalelerin büyük bir çoğunluğunun Avrupa ülkelerinde hazırlandığı ve genellikle işletmeye ait çeşitli özellikler (büyüklük, yönetim kurulunun yapısı, faaliyette bulunulan sektör) ile risk raporlama düzeyi arasındaki ilişki derecesini ortaya koyduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.

South Africa (SA) has a decentralised education system. It is generally assumed that decentralisation improves the effectiveness and efficiency of education by responding to the needs, values, and expectations of both local and rural communities. A large part of SA could be described as rural and a large number of learners attend rural schools. This makes rural education a significant part of the South African education context. With education being decentralised, and with decentralisation being heralded as the panacea to the problems faced by rural communities as well as rural education, the assumption is that rural education should be of a high quality. This desk-top paper assesses the potential of decentralisation to improve the quality and effectiveness of South African rural education. This it does by locating decentralisation within neoliberalism which this paper argues is the impetus behind the decentralisation of South African education, and the reason for the decline in the quality and effectiveness of rural education. The paper also highlights certain tensions between the various decentralised spheres of governance, namely the central and provincial Departments of Education and school-level governance structures. The paper further indicates how these tensions potentially hamper the effectiveness and efficiency of rural education.  The paper concludes with some recommendations aimed at improving rural education. https://doi.org/10.26803/ijlter.20.6.11

In the context of the coronavirus pandemic, the uncertainty of scenarios for the development of the world of work still persists. The negative impact of the crisis affects a significant part of the population from the most affected sectors, as well as those categories of the population who were previously in unprotected conditions.This article presents an analysis of the impact of the coronacrisis on the state of the labor force of the population, the sectoral structure of employment, the differentiation of labor incomes, as well as migration flows in Kazakhstan.

Background Urban safety performance functions are used to predict crash frequencies, mostly based on Negative Binomial (NB) count models. They could be differentiated for considering homogeneous subsets of segments/intersections and different predictors. Materials and methods The main research questions concerned: a) finding the best possible subsets for segments and intersections for safety modelling, by discussing the related problems and inquiring into the variability of predictors within the subsets; b) comparing the modelling results with the existing literature to highlight common trends and/or main differences; c) assessing the importance of additional crash predictors, besides traditional variables. In the context of a National research project, traffic volumes, geometric, control and additional variables were collected for road segments and intersections in the City of Bari, Italy, with 1500 fatal+injury related crashes (2012–2016). Six NB models were developed for: one/two-way homogeneous segments, three/four-legged, signalized/unsignalized intersections. Results Crash predictors greatly vary within the different subsets considered. The effect of vertical signs on minor roads/driveways, critical sight distance, cycle crossings, pavement/markings maintenance was specifically discussed. Some common trends but also differences in both types and effect of crash predictors were found by comparing results with literature. Conclusion The disaggregation of urban crash prediction models by considering different subsets of segments and intersections helps in revealing the specific influence of some predictors. Local characteristics may influence the relationships between well-established crash predictors and crash frequencies. A significant part of the urban crash frequency variability remains unexplained, thus encouraging research on this topic.

The underrepresentation of women in elected assemblies is one of the fundamental problems modern democracies struggle with. This paper focuses on party selectors as one of the core actors on the demand side. By exploring which Flemish local party chairs hold conservative or progressive gender role attitudes, this paper moves beyond the formal dimensions of the political recruitment process. Our results demonstrate that although conservative gender role attitudes are only to a limited extent present among the Flemish local party chairs, there remains a significant part of the local chairs that does not fully endorse the idea that political responsibilities should be equally shared between men and women. Overall, male party chairs and rightist party chairs have more conservative gender role attitudes than their female and leftist counterparts. Taken together, our results suggest that in some parties, conservative gender role attitudes held by the party elite could help to understand the barriers faced by female aspirants, candidates and politicians alike.

Rationale Minor ischemic stroke attack has taken a significant part of cerebrovascular disease burden. Benefits of thrombolysis in minor stroke is under debates and the use of urokinase in developing countries needs to be further explored. Aim TRUST (ThRombolysis of Urokinase for minor STroke) trial was designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of intravenous urokinase for the treatment of acute minor ischemic stroke. Sample size estimates To reach a double-sided type I error rate of 0.05 to test our hypothesis, with β = 0.80, sample size of 1002 subjects were determined after further adjustment to account for up to 5% nonadherence. Methods and design TRUST trial was developed with PROBE design, as a multicenter, randomized, open label, single-blind clinical trial with the stage of phase 3b. Study outcomes The proportion of patients retaining full ability of independent living, which is defined as patients scoring 0–1 on modified Rankin Scale score at 90 days. Discussion TRUST trial may potentially provide promising and affordable thrombolysis for acute minor ischemic stroke in the developing parts of the world.

Japan has recently seen an upsurge in idol ikusei (nurturing) games: networked mobile games where one nurtures and produces an idol pop group. These games are a significant part of Japan’s contemporary ‘media mix’, influenced both by virtual pet games and by discourses of nurturing surrounding the production of ‘real’ girl idol groups by male producer-auteur figures. Previous analyses have considered affection for simulated or virtual girl idol figures as a detached longing for stylised characteristics ( moe). This article uses a case study of a mobile game at the centre of the Love Live! girl idol-nurturing simulation franchise to suggest that we cannot only speak of players’ affection for nurturing games’ characters in terms of postmodern disembodiment; we must also consider how in playing idol-nurturing games, players take the place of real male producer-auteur figures in Japanese popular music production, where discourses of gendered nurturing abound.

There is a worldwide consensus that the prevention of child maltreatment (CM) is critical in promoting children’s safety. Furthermore, a significant part of the prevention efforts targets the children themselves. This scoping review aimed to map the characteristics of CM prevention programs that targeted children by examining studies that described the relevant implemented programs, published in peer-reviewed journals over the last decade. Thirty-one relevant manuscripts were identified from the online databases. The analysis, guided by scoping review guidelines, examined these programs in terms of content, context of delivery, and practitioners involved. A thematic analysis identified the key messages conveyed to the children. The findings showed that the vast majority of programs are school-based and focused on preventing child sexual abuse (CSA) with considerably less attention given to other forms of maltreatment. In addition, most programs did not promote active parental participation. The content descriptions of the CSA prevention programs revealed several common key messages that focused on children’s individual safety skills, specifically recognition, refusal strategies, and disclosure. The discussion addresses the concepts of blame and guilt as crucial to rethinking the CM prevention messages conveyed to children. Key conclusions that were drawn from the current scoping review highlight the need to better align prevention efforts and recent CM research. Additionally, ceiling effects in several studies indicated that children’s participation, as information sources and partners in program development, should be promoted, so that prevention efforts will meet their needs within their various relevant life contexts.

For a significant part of the twentieth century, Hong Kong was seen on the forefront of football development in Asia, and it was just in recent decades that the so-called “beautiful game” has been ...

Product low carbon design plays a significant part in reducing carbon emissions during the product life cycle and achieving sustainable development. Aiming at the uncertainty of the carbon footprin...

Forms of metals in water and bottom sediments of the Malaya Sen’ga River located in Petushinskii district of Vladimir oblast have been analyzed. It is shown that all the studied metals in the river waters are predominated by their dissolved forms. Most of the Fe, Cu, Cd, and Pb form complexes with organic substances, which are mainly represented by their negatively charged compounds, while forms of Ni and Zn are dominated by inorganic compounds and cationic complexes with low-molecular weight organic ligands. The percentage of migratory forms of metals of their total content in bottom sediments varies from 10 to 30%, a significant part of them being represented by forms associated with iron and manganese hydroxides.

Resumo: O presente estudo trata-se de uma investigação sobre as percepções que os estudantes concluintes do ensino médio apresentam dos fungos. Acredita-se que a escolha pelo público-alvo em questão possa oferecer indícios das possíveis contribuições da escola no que se refere ao ensino de micologia, já que o estudante está prestes a finalizar a educação básica. A pesquisa foi realizada no município de Diadema/SP e contou com a participação de 305 estudantes de escolas públicas e privadas, que responderam um questionário de pesquisa sobre o tema. A análise dos resultados evidenciou que a maioria dos estudantes exibe uma visão dos aspectos negativos a respeito dos fungos, de forma a associá-los, predominantemente, a organismos causadores de doenças e exibindo pouco conhecimento da importância ecológica e econômica desses organismos. Uma concepção errônea comum entre os estudantes é a de que fungos são bactérias, não havendo diferenças entre esses organismos. É possível considerar também, que para uma parcela significativa dos estudantes, não é fácil ou natural falar sobre fungos, o que claramente evidencia a falta de familiaridade e conhecimento sobre o tema. Dessa forma, espera-se que os resultados desta pesquisa fomentem e contribuam com discussões que visem melhorar a qualidade do ensino de biologia nas escolas, especialmente quando o assunto em questão forem os fungos.Palavras chave: Fungos; Ensino de Micologia; Ensino Médio; Percepção dos Alunos; Percepção Pública da Ciência. The view of high school students about fungi Abstract: The present study is aimed to investigate the perceptions of graduating high school students on fungi. Choosing this target audience is justified because they may provide evidence of the possible contributions of science education regarding the teaching of mycology, once the student is about to conclude basic education. It is important to underline that the research was developed in the city of Diadema, São Paulo state, Brazil, where 305 students from public and private schools were engaged by answering a research survey on the subject. The analysis of the results showed that most students have a negative view of fungi, and they associate them mostly with disease-causing organisms and show little knowledge of the ecological and economic importance of these beings. Another clear association that comprises the students' perception is the misconception that fungi are bacteria, and that there are no differences between these organisms. It is also possible to consider that for a significant part of the students it is not easy or natural to talk about fungi, which clearly shows the lack of familiarity and knowledge on the subject. Therefore, it is expected that the results of the present research will motivate and contribute to discussions aimed to improve the quality of Biology education in schools, especially when the subject in question is fungi.Keywords: Fungi; Mycology teaching; High school; Students Perception; Public Understanding of Science.