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Optic neuritis is a condition where inflammation occurs in the optic nerve. This disease is accompanied by sudden vision decrease that can be temporary or even permanent if not treated well. This study was aimed to obtain the profile of optic neuritis at Prof Dr. R. D. Kandou Hospital Manado from year 2015 to 2017. This was a retrospective and descriptive study using patients’ medical records from year 2015 to 2017. There were 24 optic neuritis patients involved in this study; males were predominant as many as 13 patients (54%). Optic neuritis were more common at age interval of 26-45 years as many as 11 patients (46%). Based on occupation, housewifery had the highest percentage (25%). Most cases of optic neuritis could not be classified in this study as many as 14 patients (58%). In conclusion, optic neuritis was more common in males, age interval 26-45 years. Based on its type, most optic neuritis cases could not be classified.Keywords: optic neuritis Abstrak: Neuritis optik merupakan kondisi dimana terjadi inflamasi pada saraf optik. Penyakit ini disertai dengan penurunan penglihatan secara tiba-tiba yang dapat bersifat sementara atau bahkan sampai permanen jika tidak ditangani dengan baik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran neuritis optik di RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado tahun 2015-2017. Jenis penelitian ialah deskriptif retrospektif dengan menggunakan data rekam medik pada tahun 2015 - 2017. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat 24 pasien neuritis optik pada tahun 2015-2017 di RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado. Berdasarkan jenis kelamin lebih banyak ditemukan pada laki-laki sebanyak 13 pasien (54%) sedangkan untuk usia ditemukan pada interval usia 26-45 tahun sebanyak 11 pasien (46%). Berdaasarkan pekerjaan, neuritis optik terbanyak didapatkan pada ibu rumah tangga (IRT) sebanyak 6 pasien (25%). Untuk jenis neuritis optik umumnya didapatkan yang tidak diklasifikasi jenisnya sebanyak 14 pasien (58%). Simpulan penelitian ini ialah neuritis optik lebih banyak didapatkan pada laki-laki, dengan rentang usia 26-45 tahun, jenis neuritis optik yang tidak diklasifikasi, dan lebih didominasi jenis pekerjaan IRT.Kata kunci: neuritis optik

Trichiasis is a condition of abnormal growth of eyelashes that results in scraping of the eyelashes on the corneal surface; therefore, ulceration or abrasion of the corneal can occur. One of the causes of trichiasis is entropion that can occur involutionally due to aging process. This study was aimed to obtain the correlation between incidence of corneal abrasion and trichiasis due to entropion. This was a prospective and analytical study. Subjects were elderly people at Panti Werdha Senja Cerah (nursing home) and elderly patients who visited the North Sulawesi Province Eye Hospital during September to November 2019. The result showed that there were 30 subjects with involutional entropion that reached the peak at interval of 75-79 years old. Elderly females were predominant as many as 20 people (67%). Corneal abrasion was found in 4 subjects (13%) with trichiasis due to entropion. The chi-square test of the correlation between trichiasis due to entropion and corneal abrasion obtain a p-value of 0.030 (p

Amblyopia is a functional disorder of vision without any organic problem, and consists of four types: strabistic, anisometropic, ametropic, and stimulus deprivation. The most common type is strabistic amblyopia. Generally, this disorder occurs in children but their parents do not realize it until their children complain of blurred vision during their activities at school. We reported a male of 12 years old who came to the hospital with a cross-eyed chief complaint. This disorder had been realized by his parents since he was six years old. The eye crossing was permanent, not intermittent, but alternating between his two eyes. Examination performed was visual acuity with a cycloplegic refraction, autorefraction, streak retinoscopy, prism, and cover test for evaluating the eye deviation. Conclusion: Based on all the tests performed, the diagnosis of this patient was bilateral amblyopia accompanied with alternant exotropia and myopic astigmatism. The management of this patient was to correct the refraction disorder with cycloplegic refraction and alternant patching. Keywords : amblyopia, exotropia, astigmatism. Abstrak: Ambliopia adalah suatu kelainan fungsional dari penglihatan tanpa disertai kelainan organik, dan terbagi atas empat tipe yaitu; strabismus, anisometropik, ametropik, dan deprivasi stimulus. Bentuk yang paling sering ditemukan ialah tipe strabismus. Umumnya gangguan ini terjadi pada anak-anak tanpa disadari orang tua dan terdeksi pada saat mengikuti pendidikan di sekolah dengan manifestasi turunnya tajam penglihatan. Kami melaporkan kasus seorang anak laki-laki berusia 12 tahun yang berobat ke Poliklinik Ilmu Kesehatan Mata RSU Prof. Dr. R.D. Kandou Manado dengan keluhan mata juling. Mata juling disadari orang tua sejak pasien berusia enam tahun (kelas 1 SD). Juling bersifat menetap tidak hilang timbul, tetapi terjadi bergantian mata kiri dan kanan. Pemeriksaan yang dilakukan meliputi pemeriksaan tajam penglihatan (visus) dengan sikloplegik, autorefraksi, streak retinoscopy , pemeriksaan cover test , dan prisma untuk menilai adanya deviasi mata ambliopia. Simpulan : Berdasarkan hasil pemeriksaan yang dilakukan, diagnosis pasien ini ialah ambliopia bilateral disertai eksotropia alternans dan astigmatisma miopia kompositus. Penanganan pasien dilakukan dengan koreksi refraksi sikloplegik dan alternant patching. Kata k unci : ambliopia, eksotropia, astigmatisma.

The clinical course of 56 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder and poorly differentiated transitional cell carcinoma with squamous metaplasia were compared. Survival was evaluated to compare treatments and biologic potentials of these neoplasms. Squamous cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder behaves as poorly differentiated transitional cell carcinoma with squamous metaplasia, and survival is significantly poorer than in poorly differentiated transitional cell carcinoma. While survivals are limited, only radical, surgical extirpation can be associated with significant patient salvage.

Renal cell oncocytomas are benign tumors of tubular epithelial origin. They usually occur as single nodules and may be confused clinically with renal cell carcinoma. We report an unusual case of multiple, discrete renal cell oncocytomas. The characteristic gross and light microscopic, and ultrastructural features are described. The potential of multicentricity is confirmed and its implications for therapy are discussed.

The frequency of bladder outlet obstructive symptoms in Caucasion men over age 50 approaches 50–75%,29 and microscopic cellular hyperplasia resulting from a second prostatic growth spurt14 may be documented in 75% of men by age 90.3 The inconsistent relationship between degree of prostatic hyperplasia and development of symptoms6 has been related to fibroadenomatous nodule formation resulting from periurethral mesenchymal stimulation interacting with epithelial proliferation.7 McNeal14 described a “transition zone” of perisphincter tissue that may represent a specific site of origin of benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) (Fig. 1).

Nephrogenic adenoma of the bladder is a rare variant of vesical neoplasia and reflects the metaplastic potential of the urothelium. A case report is presented, and the embryology, histopathology, and treatment modalities are reviewed.