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Objectives: The main objective of the study was to collect and rear the unmarketable, small sized S.javus which is mostly rejected by the traditional fisherman. During fishing activities, under sized S.javus ranging in sizes from 25 to 40 kg (< 30-40 % of total catch/day) is being captured. Due to very low marketable value these small fishes (

The Mediterranean native biota is increasingly threatened by the influx of alien species. More than 100 non-native fishes have entered so far the Mediterranean, the majority of which presumably originated in the Red Sea. Among them, two species of the family Siganidae, namely Siganus luridus and Siganus rivulatus, are now widespread in the eastern Mediterranean Sea and already reached the central parts of the basin. Three further Siganus taxa, namely Siganus fuscescens, Siganus javus, and Siganus virgatus, have also been recorded from the Mediterranean basin, although their records are based on single specimens. We report the first sighting in the Mediterranean Sea of a single specimen of an additional rabbitfish, namely Siganus argenteus. There are no certainties regarding the possible pathway of arrival of this species in Libya; however, Lessepsian migration or shipping constitute the most probable ones.

Two Siganid fishes were described in the current study, the first one is Siganus javus (Linnaeus, 1766) as a new record and the other Siganus canaliculatus (Park, 1797), which was collected from the Iraqi marine waters. The samples were collected during December 2018. Streaked rabbitfish S. javus is diagnosed by a deep body, 54.01% in standard length, depth of caudal peduncle, 7.27%, total gill rakers 19 and silvery blue undulating lines on mid and lower sides of the body. Whereas the body depth of White-spotted rabbitfish S. canaliculatus was 39.08-42.66%, Caudal peduncle depth ranged from 5.21 to 5.66%, total gill rakers ranged from 22 to 24 and it is distinguished by a numerous pearly blue to whitish spots on the nape and trunk.

Information about material kinds of artificial reef which effective for marine organism habitat is rare. Based on this fenomena, It is important to conduct a study about bamboo and tire artificial reef. The objective of this study is to find out a catch comparison and species compotition of pot catch on bamboo and tire artificial reef. Alternatif a widely used materials are bamboo and tire with consideration easy to obtain and economis. The result of this study show that the total catch during the study was 170 fishes from 8 species dominated by Siganus javus, Seranidae sp and Carangidae sp. The total catch of the Tire artificial reef was 87 fishes including 48,19 % Siganus sp, 23,53% Seranidae sp and 10,06 % Lethrinidae sp where as Bamboo artificial reef was 83 fishes including 33,34 % Siganus sps,26,3% Seranidae sp and 14,26 % Carangidae sp . The result showed that catch of bamboo artificial reef was significantly difference from the catch of tire artificial reef where the catch of tire artificial reef was higher than that catch of bamboo artificial reef.

Siganus javus (Linnaeus, 1766) Material examined. MALAYSIA • 5, 118– 134 mm TL; Kedah State, Kampung Batu Lintang, Pompang Batu Lintang; 05.624°N, 100.395°E; 19 Apr. 2019; Danial H. Zainal Abidin, Norli F.M.A.H. Alshari leg.; USMFC (67) 00002., Published as part of Zainal Abidin, Danial Hariz, Lavoué, Sébastien, Mohd Abu Hassan Alshari, Norli Fauzani, Mohd. Nor, Siti Azizah, A. Rahim, Masazurah & Mohammed Akib, Noor Adelyna, 2021, Ichthyofauna of Sungai Merbok Mangrove Forest Reserve, northwest Peninsular Malaysia, and its adjacent marine waters, pp. 601-631 in Check List 17 (2) on page 627, DOI: 10.15560/17.2.601

Fear of predators (‘fear effects’) is an important determinant of foraging decisions by consumers across a range of ecosystems. Group size is one of the main behavioural mechanisms for mitigating fear effects while also providing foraging benefits to group members. Within coral reef ecosystems, fear effects have been shown to influence the feeding rates of herbivorous fishes, a key functional group that prevents macroalgal overgrowth. Yet, how fear effects and group size interact to shape macroalgal removal on coral reefs remains unclear. Here, we conducted field-based experiments using models of a common piscivorous fish, the leopard coral grouper Plectropomus leopardus and a series of macroalgal Sargassum ilicifolium assays positioned at increasing distances from the models (1, 2, 3 and 4 m) on two coral reefs in Singapore to investigate how acute fear effects shape the intensity of herbivory, and whether these effects were influenced by variation in the group size of herbivorous fishes feeding on the assays. We found acute fear effects strongly influenced the foraging behaviour of herbivorous fishes over small spatial scales. Rates of Sargassum biomass removal, feeding rates and the total number of individual feeding events were all lower near the predator model. These effects dissipated rapidly with increasing distance from the predator model and were undetectable at a distance of 4 m. We also found generally larger group sizes of herbivorous fishes further from the predator model, presumably reflecting decreased risk. Furthermore, the number of individual bites/event increased significantly with increasing group size for two common browsing fishes, Siganus virgatus and Siganus javus. Our findings highlight that acute fear effects influence the distribution and intensity of herbivory over small spatial scales. Fear effects also interacted with herbivore group size resulting in changes in the number of individual feeding events and bite rates that collectively shape the realized ecosystem function of macroalgal removal on coral reefs. Group size is an important context-dependent factor that should be considered when examining fear effects on coral reefs. A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.

Anthropogenic activities contribute to heavy metals so that their concentration in the waters increases and causes accumulation, especially in streaked spinefoot. This study aims to estimate the level accumulation of (Hg, Cd, Pb, and Cu) heavy metals contained in streaked spinefoot (Siganus javus) meat in Bojonegara waters, Banten Bay, Indonesia. A sampling of 30 to 50 grams of fish meat is carried out every month from August to October 2020 and heavy metals analysis in streaked spinefoot meat was carried out in February 2021 using atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS). The (Hg, Cd, and Pb) heavy metals contained in the streaked spinefoot meat were undetected by the AAS, while the content of heavy metal Cu on small fish is 0.348 to 1.530 mg kg-1, and large fish is less than 0.015 mg kg-1 to 5.390 mg kg-1. Bioaccumulation Cu metal in small and large streaked spinefoot included low to high accumulation, while it was low for other types of metal. The safe limit for consumption of streaked spinefoot meat for adults (50 kg) is 32.468 kg of meat/week, while for children (15 kg), it is 9.740 kg of meat/week.

A new species of acanthocephalan infecting marine and brackish water fishes from the south-west coast of India is described. The parasite belongs to the genus Tenuiproboscis, and the fish hosts include Lutjanus argentimaculatus, L. ehrenbergii, Siganus javus, Epinephelus malabaricus, E. coioides, Scatophagus argus, Parascolopsis aspinosa, Caranx ignobilis, Gerres filamentosus and Lates calcarifer. The parasite inhabits mid- and hindgut regions and is characterised by an elongated, cylindrical, bulbous and posteriorly tapering metasoma and a claviform proboscis having 14-15 rows of 14-15 hooks each. Females larger than males, measured 3898.16-10,318.00 μm (6430.00 ± 1417.30) in length and 458.93-1435.68 μm (929.81 ± 250.39) in width. Males measured 3234.89-8644.20 μm (5729.50 ± 1176.60) in length and 388.30-1584.61 μm (795.88 ± 184.12) in width. Parasites recovered from different host species showed morphological/morphometric variations. However, principal component analysis (PCA) revealed significant overlapping of characters indicating their similarities. Proboscis profiling based on variations in size and position of hooks also yielded similar results. Further, in molecular phylogenetic analysis, parasites from different fish hosts formed a monophyletic clade with strong bootstrap support, again indicating their conspecific nature. These morphological/morphometric variations can be ascribed to differences in host species. Morphology and morphometrics in combination with PCA, proboscis profiling and molecular analysis suggest the present acanthocephalan parasite is different from other described species of Tenuiproboscis. Hence, it is considered as a new species and named T. keralensis n. sp. Prevalence, intensity and abundance of the parasite in different hosts are also discussed.

The aims of this study were to evaluate fermentation of copra cake meal with Rhizopus spp. to enhance its nutritive value and to determine the optimum supplementation levels of the fermented meal o...

The stock unit used in fisheries resource assessment and management is generally based on the morphological and genetic characteristics of a particular population or species to avert problems caused by the treatment of multiple populations as one stock, which can lead to the overestimation of population sizes and genetic pollution. Furthermore, since the linkage of microhabitats is an important factor affecting the reproduction of marine organisms in coastal areas, an understanding of the food web in each microhabitat is essential to establish sustainable fisheries management practices. We investigated spatial variations in the food sources and feeding habits of immature stage of Siganus javus using genetic population analyses and stable isotope analyses (δ13C and δ15N). These species are commonly harvested by small-scale fisheries, and it inhabits Bandon Bay in the Surat Thani Province of Southern Thailand. Genetic variation within sampling sites was greater than that between sites. The δ13C values of S. javus differed between sites, which suggest that the different ecological habitats exhibit different rates and patterns of carbon flow even among sites located in the same bay. Our results suggest that studies combining genetic population analyses and stable isotope analyses are required to confirm the delineation of fine-scale management units intended for the development of coastal fishery resources.

The cultivation of Kappaphycus alvarezii, a kappa carrageenan producing red seaweed, was done for 1 year from April 2012 to March 2013 in subtropical waters of Indian Peninsula at three different sites (Mangadu in Rameswaram Island, Munaikadu and Vedalai—on main land coast) on Palk Bay side of Bay of Bengal of Rameswaram–Mandapam region of southeast coast of India. These experiments were carried out to confirm the results obtained in an earlier study (April 2011 to March 2012) at more or less the same sites—one is different (Mangadu) and two are the same (Munaikadu and Vedalai). The maximum crop yields of 326.55 ± 10.23 and 316.65 ± 15.13 kg FW raft−1 were obtained in October 2012 at Mangadu and Munaikadu, respectively, and 308.40 ± 8.89 kg FW raft−1 in March 2013 at Vedalai. Similarly the maximum daily growth rates (DGRs) of 3.76 ± 0.07 and 3.69 ± 0.11 % were found in October 2012 at Mangadu and Munaikadu, and 3.64 ± 0.06 % was obtained in March 2013 at Vedalai. A significant negative correlation between DGR and seawater temperature at Mangadu (r = −0.604) and Munaikadu (r = −0.700) was found (at 0.05 level). Further, a significant positive correlation was seen (at 0.05 level) between nitrite and phosphate at Mangadu (r = +0.613) and Vedalai (r = +0.599). However, salinity and seawater temperature were significantly positively correlated (r = +0.693) at Munaikadu (at 0.05 level). ANOVA showed that the growth rates among these three sites were found to be statistically insignificant. Tip grazing by Siganus javus and Diodon holocanthus during the monsoon period (October 2012 to January 2013) was observed. Seasonal epiphytes Lyngbya majuscula and Cladophora facsicularis were the main problematic epiphytes from April to June. Net income would be Rs15,000 to Rs16,000 (US$250–US$265) per month, and if the cultivation is taken up in earnest perspective, the farmers would improve their living standards.

The rabbit fish is an economically valuable teleost species which lives in shallow coastal waters amongst aquatic plants. Two species of rabbit fish, Siganus sutore and Siganus javus, have been identified in the sea south of Iran. In this study, in order to investigate the histology of the outer layer of the S. javus eye, the eyes of 12 healthy specimens of S. javus were extracted and histologic sections were prepared. The sections were studied under a light microscope after staining with hematoxylin and eosin and Masson's trichrome stains. The outer layer was composed of the cornea cranially and the sclera caudally. The sclera contained an episclera zone and two cartilaginous segments with connective tissue correlation. The cornea included dermal components (stratified cuboidal epithelium, Bowman's membrane, and dermal stroma with occasional flattened cells); the scleral part consisted of two main layers (irregular fibers of connective tissue overlaying the second scleral stroma layer). The fibers of the scleral stroma were the only component present at the posterior part of the cornea. These results reveal that the eye of S. javus does not possess Descemet's membrane or endothelium in the cornea.

Objective This study investigates the histology of the middle layer of the eye in rabbit fish Siganus javus. Methods The eyes of twelve healthy fish were enucleated and histologic sections of 6μ were prepared. The sections were stained with Hematoxyline & Eosine (H&E) and Masson trichrom then were observed using light microscopy. Results The middle or vascular layer consisted of the choroid and iris. The result revealed that the choroid coat was subdivided into five laminae: 1. Suprachoroid layer 2. Substina propria included choroidal gland or retemirabile, melanoid layers and connective tissue 3. Fibrouse layer 4. Choriocapillary layer 5. Separator layer. The extension of the choroid coat into the anterior compartment made the iris which mainly composed of connective tissue, blood vessels, melanocyte and a smooth muscle at the posterior part of the iris, adjacent to the pupil. The choroid coat did not continue rostrally adjacent to the cornea. Suspensory apparatus of the lens of the Siganus javus eye consisted of a dorsal suspensory ligament and a ventral retractor muscle. Conclusions The diversity and deviation in the detail of microscopic structures in the eye of teleosts is approved through this microscopic study in middle layer of rabbit fish eye however the five differentiated parts of choroid were distinguished as in many telelost species.

The present study reports metazoan fish parasites from Segara Anakan, a brackish water lagoon located at the southern Java coast, Indonesia. Seven economically important marine fish species (Mugil cephalus, Siganus javus, Scatophagus argus, Caranx sexfasciatus, Lutjanus johnii, Eleutheronematetradactylum and Johnius coitor) were examined at two different sampling sites within the lagoon for the occurrence of metazoan parasites. A diverse parasite fauna was found, consisting of 43 species/taxa. Ectoparasites (31) were more abundant than endoparasites (12). The fish species J. coitor, M. cephalus and S. argus harboured the most diverse metazoan parasite fauna with 11, 13, and 16 different parasite species, respectively. Prevalence and intensity of infection for each parasite species/taxon is given, including short descriptions for rapid diagnosis. For the first time, we discuss the utilisation of the sampled fish parasites as biological indicator organisms for fish and environmental health within this tropical mangrove ecosystem. Ecto- versus endoparasite ratio and endoparasite diversity are suitable tools to describe the environmental health status at a tropical brackish water locality, and might be applied also for other tropical and possibly non-tropical marine ecosystems.

Threats to coral reefs may be manifested through an increase in macroalgae. Across the globe, phase-shifts from coral to macroalgal dominance have been reported from the Caribbean, Indian and Pacific Oceans. While the Great Barrier Reef (GBR) is in relatively good condition, inshore reefs may exhibit over 50% macroalgal cover. However, our understanding of the processes preventing the macroalgal expansion remains uncertain. Using a remote video bioassay approach, this study quantified herbivory in three bays along the leeward margin of Orpheus Island. Despite significant with-in bay variation in herbivory there was no detectable statistical difference in the rates of herbivory among bays. Furthermore, of the 45 herbivore species recorded from the island, only three played a significant role in bioassay removal, Siganus canaliculatus, Siganus javus and Kyphosus vaigiensis, with only one species predominating in each bay. Reefs of the GBR may therefore be more vulnerable than previously thought, with the removal of macroalgae depending on just a few species, which exhibit considerable spatial variability in their feeding behaviour.

The present study is the first investigation on ectoparasites of commercial important fish from Segara Anakan, a brackish water lagoon located at the southern coast of Java, Indonesia. Eight economically important marine fish species (Mugil cephalus, Siganus javus, Scatophagus argus, Caranx sexfasciatus, Lutjanus johnii, Eleutheronema tetradactylum, Johnius coitor, and Epine- phelus coioides) were examined for crustacean parasites. Prevalence and intensity data for each parasite species are given, together with an analysis of the origin and possible transmission pathways. A highly divers copepod fauna consisting of 23 different species and two isopods was found. All fish species were at least infested with two copepod species, with the exception of L. johnii, S. argus, and M. cephalus. With seven and six species, respectively, they harboured the most species-rich ectoparasite fauna. The copepods Ergasilus sp. 3 and Caligus acanthopagri on S. argus showed the highest prevalence (78.6) and intensity (17.8 (1-233) and 5.3 (1-22)) of infestation. The recorded parasite fauna is represented by marine, brackish water, and probably also freshwater components. The brackish water environment of Segara Anakan does not prevent disease outbreaks due to parasitic copepods by preventing patho- genic marine or freshwater species to enter the lagoon. This might cause fish health problems if the Segara Anakan Lagoon would be developed for finfish mariculture in future.

Critical thermal maximum (CTM) and loss of righting response (LRR) were determined in seven estuarine fishes. The critical thermal maxima (CTM) ranged from 39.5°C to 44.5°C for fishes acclimated to 28°C. Lates calcarifer and Liza dussumeri had the highest CTM (44.5°C) and Siganus javus had the lowest CTM (39.5°C). The rate of change of CTM due to thermal acclimation was determined for Etroplus suratensis and Therapon jarbua. The CTM for E.suratensis increased from 39.75°C to 43.5°C on a 15°C increase in acclimation temperature and the CTM of T. jarbua shifted from 40.75°C to 43.15°C on a 15°C increase in acclimation. The acclimation response ratio (ARR) as a result of increasing the acclimation temperature was about 0.25 in E. suratensis and 0.2 in T. jarbua.

In two years of sampling, 10 287 fishes belonging to 62 species (39 families) were collected from mangroves and seagrasses of the Negombo Estuary. Of the species collected, 70% were marine, 27% estuarine and 3% freshwater. Aplocheilus melastigma, Ambassis dayi, Etroplus suratensis, E. maculatus, Bathygobius fuscus and Arothron immaculatus constituted 90% of the catch. Sixteen species were caught only from mangroves, 6 only from seagrasses, and 40 from both. The number of species, individuals, biomass and diversity were higher in seagrasses than in mangroves. Gobies and some siganids moved to the mangrove habitat as they grew, but cichlids, triacanthids, some eleotrids and tetraodontids preferred seagrasses. The number of species and individuals caught increased at the beginning of the north-east monsoon when the rainfall was low. The number of species and individual numbers were positively correlated with salinity and dissolved oxygen and negatively correlated with water temperature. Of the 33 species examined, seagrasses formed >25% of the gut content in juvenile Lates calcarifer, Apogon thermalis, E. suratensis, E. maculatus, Siganus javus, Butis butis and Bathygobius fuscus. Mangrove litter was the main gut content of the family Syngnathidae. E. suratensis, E. maculatus and S. javus from seagrasses contained more filamentous algae than seagrasses in their stomachs. S. javus collected from mangroves also contained more seagrasses in their stomachs than mangrove litter, indicating that the association of juvenile fishes with mangroves or seagrasses may not be obligate in estuaries subject to low tidal fluctuations.

A new species Polylabris bengalensis (Monogenea, Microcotylidae) is described from the gills of the siganid fishes, Siganus javus and S. oramin from the coast of Visakhapatnam, Bay of Bengal, India. It most closely resembles P. mamaevi but differs in having unequal caeca terminating at different levels in the haptor, in the follicular testis forming a compact mass, in the presence of a thick layer of concentric muscles surrounding the genital atrium and in the terminal part of the male copulatory organ not recurved. The validity of various species of Polylabris recorded from siganids from different geographical regions is discussed.

Concentrations of Cu, Mn, Zn, Fe, Cr, and Pb were estimated using ICP-MS in nine commercially important and locally consumed fish species (Sarda orientalis, Scomberomorus commerson, Rastrelliger kanagurta, Sardinella longiceps, Paraplagusia bilineata, Cynoglossus lida, Cynoglossus macrostomus, Lepturacanthus savala, and Siganus javus) collected from coastal waters of Kalpakkam, eastern part of India. Their concentration (μg g(-1)) in the examined fish species ranged as follows: Cu (0.8-6.5), Zn (14.3-27.9), Mn (0.5-8.8), Fe (17.6-117.0), Cr (0.24-1.78), and Pb (0.18-2.29). Concentrations of most of the metals in the fish species studied were found to be safe for human consumption barring Mn.

Over-fishing of marine resources has endangered many commercial fish species in the world; with aquaculture development, setting up artificial reef systems is an important way for marine stocks and fishing enhancement. The present study was designed to monitor fish abundance and species changes around a small and newly established artificial reef system in Moloo area at Bandar-e-Lengeh during two years after installation (Sep. 2005 to Sep. 2007). The artificial reef includes three types of concrete structures arranged in a seven by three grid. Each cross point considered as a sampling station and two other stations selected from two sides of the system as control stations. Based on obtained results CPUE (P = 0.00001), frequency (P = 0.001) and species diversity of captured fishes (P = 0.024) showed significant differences between three types of sampling traps. With type of structures, The CPUE and frequency of fishes in transect 7(mixed structures) showed the significant differences with other six transects (p= 0.001, P = 0.009). No diversity relationships were seen between transects (p= 0.100). In this study there were no significant differences between depths. Although the means of CPUE between seasons were different, but the ANOVA test could not show the significant differences because of the differention between variances. The T-Test showed no significant differences between the number per trap per day dominant species (Epinephelus coioides, Plectorhinchus shotaf, Diagrama pictum, Siganus javus ) in different seasons. Movie prepared from artificial reefs showed diversity of fish were more than that of fishing by trap. Although fishes increased but there was no enough causes evidences for product in artificial reefs. Therefore, the study need to continue in this area. Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute Published

One of the compounds of crude oil is Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs). This study was conducted in the toxicology laboratory of Persian Gulf and Oman Sea Research Center, Bandar Abbas in Spring 2005. Four commercial fishes were exposed to Oppm and 12ppm dosages of crude oil in long-term bioassay examination. After 8 days, exposed fish were freezed and packed seprately and then sent them to IBB (Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics) of Tehran University for determination of PAHs accumulated in their muscle. PAHs measurment was done with GC-FID. In this research, the amount of each compound of PAHs and total PAHs in each dosage was calculated seprately for each species. The result of data analysis shows that the mean accumulation amounts of PAHs (SD± Y. ) in tissues of control Pseudorhombus elevates, Euryglossa orientalis, Siganus javus and S. sutor exposed to Oppm dosage of crude oil were 929.66±251ppb, 1009±-11.7ppb, 1131±-35.0ppb and 487.6±4.0ppb and mean accumulation amounts of PAHs (SDA:i ) in those exposed to 12ppm dosage of crude oil were 3843±13.52ppb, 4272±18.77ppb, 2911±3 5. 5ppb and 2309.6±11.3ppb respectively. According to t-test, we concluded that in all four species the accumulation of crude oil in their muscle tissues between two mentioned dosages were significantit difference (P

SUMMARYSomatic chromosomes from gill epithelia of six species of marine fishes and germinal chrmosomes from testes of two of them have been studied. The diploid complements of all the six species contain 48 gradually seriated chromosomes and thus no size grouping was possible. The karyotypes of Liza oligolepis, L. macrolepis, Lutjanus kasmira and Siganus javus contained only telocentric chromosomes while scatophagus argus and Thysanophrys indicus include one and six pairs of biarmed chromosomes respectively in their complement. Interspecific relationship has been discussed and the role of pericentric inversion and/or centromeric shift has been stressed for the origin of karyotypes of S. argus and T. indicus from ancestral primative karyotype. Indication of the presence of a genetic heterogamety in two species of Liza under study has been suspected.