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Globally, genetically modified (GM) crops were grown on 191.7 million hectares in 2018, which were mostly sown with soybean, maize, cotton, oilseed rape, and rice. The most popular traits introduced through genetic modification include herbicide and pest insect resistance. The aim of this study was to identify and quantify genetically modified soybean used in animal feed in Poland.

Silage quality deteriorates with Clostridium spp. contamination, and if consumed, such silage jeopardises herd health and productivity. Minimising its occurrence reduces economic and animal welfare risks. The study investigated the influence of environmental and technological determinants on the Clostridium genus’ occurrence in silage.

Introduction: The influence of feeding genetically modified MON 810 hybrid maize on the growth and haematological and biochemical indices of rats was tested.

Due to the lack of history of insects production for food and feed purposes in Europe, food and feed safety issues, food and feed law requirements, are a new challenge for policy, producers and consumers. Producers of insects for feed and food must ensure compliance with the standards established for other types of production by introducing, documenting, implementing and maintaining continuous food and feed safety management procedures. Before placing the product on the market, it must be preceded by a risk assessment aimed at identifying and controlling hazards that could adversely affect the safety of insect products in the production chain. The requirements of EU law apply to all insect producers who rearing, processing, handling, or distributing insects in the food and feed chain. In this article major issues of these aspects were presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ban on the use of meat and bone meals in animal nutrition significantly worsened the protein deficit in animal feeding. Soybean meal, obtained mainly from genetically modified soybeans, turned out to be an excellent solution. However, in accordance with Polish regulations on animal nutrition, the ban on the use of genetically modified feeds will apply from January 1, 2021. The article discusses domestic protein sources that can be an alternative protein source in feed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The sampling stage is an important element in ensuring high reliability of laboratory test results. In particular, it must be ensured that the laboratory sample sent for testing reflects the whole batch of feed with its characteristics. With this in mind, numerous legal requirements and international norms arose, which were presented in a synthetic way in the paper. Knowledge of these principles is a must for those involved in the control of feed safety and quality, and should be further improved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was an examination of 240 multifloral honey samples collected from Polish apiaries to determine Clostridium botulinum occurrence. Honey was collected from apiaries directly after the extraction process. Samples were inoculated by using the dilution and centrifugation method. Suspected isolates were examined by using mouse bioassay, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and real-time PCR methods. C. botulinum type A and B strains were detected in 5 of 240 examined honey samples (2.1%). Bacterial strains were also detected that were phenotypically similar to C. botulinum but that did not exhibit the ability to produce botulinum toxins and did not show the presence of the botulinum cluster (ntnh and bont genes) or expression of the ntnh gene. The methods used in the examination, especially the expression analysis of ntnh gene, enabled specific analysis of suspected strains and could be used routinely in environmental isolate analyses of C. botulinum occurrence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An alternative method for detection of Salmonella spp. in animal feed, based on the use of loop-mediated amplification (LAMP) in conjunction with a standard culturing procedure, was compared with the standard ISO 6579 as reference method, using soya meal as the test matrix. In the method comparison study, the sensitivities for both the alternative and reference methods were 100 %. The relative level of detection was 1.000. Tested against 100 Salmonella and 30 non- Salmonella strains, the LAMP-based method was 99 % inclusive and 100 % exclusive. The interlaboratory trial involved ten laboratories from eight European countries, testing eight samples at three contamination levels: 0 cfu/100 g, 1-5 cfu/100 g and 14-68 cfu/100 g. The trial specificity, or percentage correct identification of uncontaminated samples, was 96.3 % for both the reference methods and the LAMP/ISO 6579 alternative method, thus demonstrating its suitability for adoption as a procedure for rapid identification of Salmonella uncontaminated soya meal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Graphene has been proved to be an excellent nanomaterial for modern electronic applications such as biosensors, transistors or heaters. The natural point of view is to use this new nanomaterial for the development of unique textronic devices. The current state of the art of the materials science shows design possibilities of the smart textiles with graphene. The authors show the results of implementation of 2D carbon structure into the textronic devices. The development inks and pastes give interesting properties of textile such as electro conductivity and sensitive to the volatile organic compounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]