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2. Integrated real-time supervisory management for off-normal-event handling and feedback control of tokamak plasmas

Author

Vu, T., Felici, F., Galperti, C., Maraschek, M., Pau, A., Rispoli, N., Sauter, O., Sieglin, B., team, the TCV, and team, the MST1

Subjects
Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Systems and Control
Abstract

For long-pulse tokamaks, one of the main challenges in control strategy is to simultaneously reach multiple control objectives and to robustly handle in real-time (RT) unexpected events (off-normal-events -- ONEs) with a limited set of actuators. We have developed in our previous work a generic architecture of the plasma control system (PCS) including a supervisor and an actuator manager to deal with these issues. We present in this paper recent developments of real-time decision-making by the supervisor to switch between different control scenarios (normal, backup, shutdown, disruption mitigation, etc.) during the discharge, based on off-normal-event states. We first standardize the evaluation of ONEs and thereby simplify significantly the supervisor decision logic, as well as facilitate the modifications and extensions of ONE states in the future. The whole PCS has been implemented on the TCV tokamak, applied to disruption avoidance with density limit experiments, demonstrating the excellent capabilities of the new RT integrated strategy., Comment: 6 pages, 6 figures, 3 tables

Published
2020
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4. Benign termination of runaway electron beams on ASDEX Upgrade and TCV

Author

Sheikh, U, Decker, J, Hoppe, M, Pedrini, M, Sieglin, B, Simons, L, Cazabonne, J, Caloud, J, Cerovsky, J, Coda, S, Colandrea, C, Dal Molin, A, Duval, B, Ficker, O, Griener, M, Papp, G, Pautasso, G, Paz-Soldan, C, Reux, C, Tomesova, E, Wijkamp, T, Sheikh U., Decker J., Hoppe M., Pedrini M., Sieglin B., Simons L., Cazabonne J., Caloud J., Cerovsky J., Coda S., Colandrea C., Dal Molin A., Duval B., Ficker O., Griener M., Papp G., Pautasso G., Paz-Soldan C., Reux C., Tomesova E., Wijkamp T., Sheikh, U, Decker, J, Hoppe, M, Pedrini, M, Sieglin, B, Simons, L, Cazabonne, J, Caloud, J, Cerovsky, J, Coda, S, Colandrea, C, Dal Molin, A, Duval, B, Ficker, O, Griener, M, Papp, G, Pautasso, G, Paz-Soldan, C, Reux, C, Tomesova, E, Wijkamp, T, Sheikh U., Decker J., Hoppe M., Pedrini M., Sieglin B., Simons L., Cazabonne J., Caloud J., Cerovsky J., Coda S., Colandrea C., Dal Molin A., Duval B., Ficker O., Griener M., Papp G., Pautasso G., Paz-Soldan C., Reux C., Tomesova E., and Wijkamp T.

Abstract

This paper discusses the development of a benign termination scenario for runaway electron (RE) beams on ASDEX Upgrade and TCV. A systematic study revealed that a low electron density (n e) companion plasma was required to achieve a large MHD instability, which expelled the confined REs over a large wetted area and allowed for the conversion of magnetic energy to radiation. Control of the companion plasma ne was achieved via neutral pressure regulation and was agnostic to material injection method. The neutral pressure required for recombination was found to be dependent on impurity species, quantity and RE current. On TCV, n e increased at neutral pressures above 1 Pa, indicating that higher collisionality between the REs and neutrals may lead to an upper pressure limit. The conversion of magnetic energy to radiated energy was measured on both machines and a decrease in efficiency was observed at high neutral pressure on TCV. The benign termination technique was able to prevent any significant increase in maximum heat flux on AUG from 200 to 600 kA of RE current, highlighting the ability of this approach to handle fully formed RE beams.

Published
2024

6. Real-time control of NBI fast ions, current-drive and heating properties.

Author

Weiland, M., Kudlacek, O., Sieglin, B., Bilato, R., Plank, U., Treutterer, W., and Upgrade Team, the ASDEX

Subjects
FAST ions, REAL-time control, AUTOMATIC control systems, NEUTRAL beams, HEAT flux, PLASMA beam injection heating
Abstract

Conventionally, neutral beam injection (NBI) in tokamaks is controlled via engineering parameters such as injection voltage and power. Recently, the high-fidelity real-time NBI code RABBIT has been coupled to the discharge control system of ASDEX Upgrade. It allows to calculate the NBI fast-ion distribution and hence the properties of NBI in real-time, making it possible to control them directly. We successfully demonstrate control of driven current, ion heating and stored fast-ion energy by modifying the injected beam power. A combined ECRH and NBI controller is also successfully tested, which is able to adjust the heating mix between ECRH and NBI to match a certain desired ion heating fraction at given total power. Further experiments have been carried out towards control of the ion heat flux (i.e. ion heating plus collisional heat transfer between ions and electrons). They show good initial success, but also leave room for future improvements as the controller runs into instabilities at too high requests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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8. Benign termination of runaway electron beams on ASDEX Upgrade and TCV

Author

Sheikh, U., Decker, J., Hoppe, Mathias, Pedrini, M., Sieglin, B., Simons, L., Cazabonne, J., Caloud, J., Cerovsky, J., Coda, S., Colandrea, C., Dal Molin, A., Duval, B., Ficker, O., Griener, M., Papp, G., Pautasso, G., Paz-Soldan, C., Reux, C., Tomesova, E., Wijkamp, T., Sheikh, U., Decker, J., Hoppe, Mathias, Pedrini, M., Sieglin, B., Simons, L., Cazabonne, J., Caloud, J., Cerovsky, J., Coda, S., Colandrea, C., Dal Molin, A., Duval, B., Ficker, O., Griener, M., Papp, G., Pautasso, G., Paz-Soldan, C., Reux, C., Tomesova, E., and Wijkamp, T.

Abstract

This paper discusses the development of a benign termination scenario for runaway electron (RE) beams on ASDEX Upgrade and TCV. A systematic study revealed that a low electron density (n e) companion plasma was required to achieve a large MHD instability, which expelled the confined REs over a large wetted area and allowed for the conversion of magnetic energy to radiation. Control of the companion plasma ne was achieved via neutral pressure regulation and was agnostic to material injection method. The neutral pressure required for recombination was found to be dependent on impurity species, quantity and RE current. On TCV, n e increased at neutral pressures above 1 Pa, indicating that higher collisionality between the REs and neutrals may lead to an upper pressure limit. The conversion of magnetic energy to radiated energy was measured on both machines and a decrease in efficiency was observed at high neutral pressure on TCV. The benign termination technique was able to prevent any significant increase in maximum heat flux on AUG from 200 to 600 kA of RE current, highlighting the ability of this approach to handle fully formed RE beams., QC 20240201

Published
2024
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9. Effect of resonant magnetic perturbations on low collisionality discharges in MAST and a comparison with ASDEX Upgrade

Author

Kirk, A., Suttrop, W., Liu, Yueqiang, Chapman, I. T., Cahyna, P., Eich, T., Fuchs, C., Ham, C., Harrison, J. R., Jakubowski, M W., Pamela, S., Peterka, M., Ryan, D., Saarelma, S., Scannell, R., Thornton, A. J., Valovic, M., Sieglin, B., Orte, L. Barrera, Willensdorfer, M., Kurzan, B., and Fischer, R.

Subjects
Physics - Plasma Physics
Abstract

Sustained ELM mitigation has been achieved on MAST and AUG using RMPs with a range of toroidal mode numbers over a wide region of low to medium collisionality discharges. The ELM energy loss and peak heat loads at the divertor targets have been reduced. The ELM mitigation phase is typically associated with a drop in plasma density and overall stored energy. In one particular scenario on MAST, by carefully adjusting the fuelling it has been possible to counteract the drop in density and to produce plasmas with mitigated ELMs, reduced peak divertor heat flux and with minimal degradation in pedestal height and confined energy. While the applied resonant magnetic perturbation field can be a good indicator for the onset of ELM mitigation on MAST and AUG there are some cases where this is not the case and which clearly emphasise the need to take into account the plasma response to the applied perturbations. The plasma response calculations show that the increase in ELM frequency is correlated with the size of the edge peeling-tearing like response of the plasma and the distortions of the plasma boundary in the X-point region., Comment: 31 pages, 28 figures. This is an author-created, un-copyedited version of an article submitted for publication in Nuclear Fusion. IoP Publishing Ltd is not responsible for any errors or omissions in this version of the manuscript or any version derived from it

Published
2014
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13. Contrasting H-mode behaviour with deuterium fuelling and nitrogen seeding in the all-carbon and metallic versions of JET

Author

Maddison, G. P., Giroud, C., Alper, B., Arnoux, G., Balboa, I., Beurskens, M. N. A., Boboc, A., Brezinsek, S., Brix, M., Clever, M., Coelho, R., Coenen, J. W., Coffey, I., Belo, P. C. da Silva Aresta, Devaux, S., Devynck, P., Eich, T., Felton, R. C., Flanagan, J., Frassinetti, L., Garzotti, L., Groth, M., Jachmich, S., Järvinen, A., Joffrin, E., Kempenaars, M. A. H., Kruezi, U., Lawson, K. D., Lehnen, M., Leyland, M. J., Liu, Y., Lomas, P. J., Lowry, C. G., Marsen, S., Matthews, G. F., McCormick, G. K., Meigs, A. G., Morris, A. W., Neu, R., Nunes, I. M., Oberkofler, M., Rimini, F. G., Saarelma, S., Sieglin, B., Sips, A. C. C., Sirinelli, A., Stamp, M. F., van Rooij, G. J., Ward, D. J., Wischmeier, M., and contributors, JET EFDA

Subjects
Physics - Plasma Physics
Abstract

The former all-carbon wall on JET has been replaced with beryllium in the main torus and tungsten in the divertor to mimic the surface materials envisaged for ITER. Comparisons are presented between Type I H-mode characteristics in each design by examining respective scans over deuterium fuelling and impurity seeding, required to ameliorate exhaust loads both in JET at full capability and in ITER., Comment: 55 pages, 15 figures

Published
2014
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14. The X-Point radiating regime at ASDEX Upgrade and TCV

Author

Bernert, M, Wiesen, S, Fevrier, O, Kallenbach, A, Koenders, J, Sieglin, B, Stroth, U, Bosman, T, Brida, D, Cavedon, M, David, P, Dunne, M, Henderson, S, Kool, B, Lunt, T, Mcdermott, R, Pan, O, Perek, A, Reimerdes, H, Sheikh, U, Theiler, C, van Berkel, M, Wijkamp, T, Wischmeier, M, Bernert M., Wiesen S., Fevrier O., Kallenbach A., Koenders J. T. W., Sieglin B., Stroth U., Bosman T. O. S. J., Brida D., Cavedon M., David P., Dunne M. G., Henderson S., Kool B., Lunt T., McDermott R. M., Pan O., Perek A., Reimerdes H., Sheikh U., Theiler C., van Berkel M., Wijkamp T., Wischmeier M., Bernert, M, Wiesen, S, Fevrier, O, Kallenbach, A, Koenders, J, Sieglin, B, Stroth, U, Bosman, T, Brida, D, Cavedon, M, David, P, Dunne, M, Henderson, S, Kool, B, Lunt, T, Mcdermott, R, Pan, O, Perek, A, Reimerdes, H, Sheikh, U, Theiler, C, van Berkel, M, Wijkamp, T, Wischmeier, M, Bernert M., Wiesen S., Fevrier O., Kallenbach A., Koenders J. T. W., Sieglin B., Stroth U., Bosman T. O. S. J., Brida D., Cavedon M., David P., Dunne M. G., Henderson S., Kool B., Lunt T., McDermott R. M., Pan O., Perek A., Reimerdes H., Sheikh U., Theiler C., van Berkel M., Wijkamp T., and Wischmeier M.

Abstract

Future fusion reactors require a safe, steady-state divertor operation. With deep divertor detachment, which is typically induced by impurity seeding, the radiation concentrates in a small region at the X-point or on closed flux surfaces above the X-point. This so-called X-point radiator (XPR) moves further inside the confined region with increasing seeding and the location can be actively controlled. At AUG, the parameter space for operation with an XPR was significantly extended, using active feedback on the XPR location. The XPR is observed in nearly the whole operational space of AUG in the high-densities or high collisionality regime. ELM suppression is consistently observed in all cases where the XPR was moved to a significant height above the X-point. Direct measurements of density and temperature from the region around the XPR using the new divertor Thomson scattering system at AUG indicate that the temperature at the location of the XPR remains high (>30eV) and only the region towards the X-point cools down further. In this cold XPR core, the temperature reduces to about 1eV. An XPR is also observed in TCV by the injection of nitrogen as extrinsic impurity. This highlights that the wall material (W for AUG, C for TCV) or machine size does not play a significant role for the existence of the regime. However, the scenario appears to be less stable in TCV. First experiments show the necessity of an active control for the XPR: Depending on the wall conditions and the nitrogen wall storage, the required nitrogen seeding level to achieve an XPR changes. Both, the low temperatures measured radially outside of the radiation zone at AUG, and the lower stability of the XPR regime at TCV with the presence of carbon are consistent with the predictions of a one-dimensional model of the XPR. However, the model would predict the development of the cold XPR core, and significant radiation at the X-point might already exist before reaching this cold temperature solution.

Published
2023

15. Impact of nitrogen seeding on confinement and power load control of a high-triangularity JET ELMy H-mode plasma with a metal wall

Author

Giroud, C, Maddison, G P, Jachmich, S, Rimini, F, Beurskens, M N A, Balboa, I, Brezinsek, S, Coelho, R, Coenen, J W, Frassinetti, L, Joffrin, E, Oberkofler, M, Lehnen, M, Liu, Y, Marsen, S, K, K McCormick, Meigs, A, Neu, R, Sieglin, B, van Rooij, G, Arnoux, G, Belo, P, Brix, M, Clever, M, Coffey, I, Devaux, S, Douai, D, Eich, T, Flanagan, J, Grunhagen, S, Huber, A, Kempenaars, M, Kruezi, U, Lawson, K, Lomas, P, Lowry, C, Nunes, I, Sirinnelli, A, Sips, A C C, Stamp, M, Wiesen, S, and contributors, JET-EFDA

Subjects
Physics - Plasma Physics
Abstract

This paper reports the impact on confinement and power load of the high-shape 2.5MA ELMy H-mode scenario at JET of a change from an all carbon plasma facing components to an all metal wall. In preparation to this change, systematic studies of power load reduction and impact on confinement as a result of fuelling in combination with nitrogen seeding were carried out in JET-C and are compared to their counterpart in JET with a metallic wall. An unexpected and significant change is reported on the decrease of the pedestal confinement but is partially recovered with the injection of nitrogen., Comment: 30 pages, 16 figures

Published
2013
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20. The X-Point radiating regime at ASDEX Upgrade and TCV

Author

Bernert, M., Wiesen, S., Février, O., Kallenbach, A., Koenders, J.T.W., Sieglin, B., Bosman, T.O.S.J., Kool, B., van Berkel, M., Wijkamp, T.A., Stroth, U., Brida, D., Cavedon, M., David, P., Dunne, M.G., Henderson, S., Lunt, T., McDermott, R.M., Pan, O., Perek, A., Reimerdes, H., Sheikh, U., Theiler, C., Wischmeier, M., Team, EUROfusionMST1, team, TCV, Team, ASDEXUpgrade, Bernert, M, Wiesen, S, Fevrier, O, Kallenbach, A, Koenders, J, Sieglin, B, Stroth, U, Bosman, T, Brida, D, Cavedon, M, David, P, Dunne, M, Henderson, S, Kool, B, Lunt, T, Mcdermott, R, Pan, O, Perek, A, Reimerdes, H, Sheikh, U, Theiler, C, van Berkel, M, Wijkamp, T, Wischmeier, M, Group Heemels, Control Systems Technology, Science and Technology of Nuclear Fusion, Fluids and Flows, EUROfusion MST1 Team, TCV Team, and ASDEX Upgrade Team, Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, Max Planck Society

Subjects
Radiative scenario, operation, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, X-point radiation, Materials Science (miscellaneous), Divertor detachment, Power exhaust, Radiative scenarios, marfe
Abstract

Future fusion reactors require a safe, steady-state divertor operation. With deep divertor detachment, which is typically induced by impurity seeding, the radiation concentrates in a small region at the X-point or on closed flux surfaces above the X-point. This so-called X-point radiator (XPR) moves further inside the confined region with increasing seeding and the location can be actively controlled. At AUG, the parameter space for operation with an XPR was significantly extended, using active feedback on the XPR location. The XPR is observed in nearly the whole operational space of AUG in the high-densities or high collisionality regime. ELM suppression is consistently observed in all cases where the XPR was moved to a significant height above the X-point. Direct measurements of density and temperature from the region around the XPR using the new divertor Thomson scattering system at AUG indicate that the temperature at the location of the XPR remains high (>30eV) and only the region towards the X-point cools down further. In this cold XPR core, the temperature reduces to about 1eV. An XPR is also observed in TCV by the injection of nitrogen as extrinsic impurity. This highlights that the wall material (W for AUG, C for TCV) or machine size does not play a significant role for the existence of the regime. However, the scenario appears to be less stable in TCV. First experiments show the necessity of an active control for the XPR: Depending on the wall conditions and the nitrogen wall storage, the required nitrogen seeding level to achieve an XPR changes. Both, the low temperatures measured radially outside of the radiation zone at AUG, and the lower stability of the XPR regime at TCV with the presence of carbon are consistent with the predictions of a one-dimensional model of the XPR. However, the model would predict the development of the cold XPR core, and significant radiation at the X-point might already exist before reaching this cold temperature solution.

Published
2023

24. A practical protocol to emulate a reactor scenario on present machines, with application to the ASDEX Upgrade tokamak via predictive modeling.

Author

Fable, E., David, P., Kudlacek, O., Hopf, C., Sieglin, B., Stober, J., Treutterer, W., Weiland, M., Wu, C., and Zohm, H.

Subjects
TOKAMAKS, FUSION reactors, PREDICTION models, FLIGHT simulators
Abstract

In this work, a novel practical strategy to emulate a reactor scenario on present tokamak experiments is presented. A recipe how to scale several relevant parameters from a hypothetical reactor scenario down to present devices is discussed. Equivalence between the energy flux channels is detailed, and the practical actuation scheme is presented. The application of the proposed protocol on the ASDEX Upgrade tokamak is shown foremost using the virtual flight simulator Fenix, with practical experiments planned for future campaigns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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25. Overview of the TCV tokamak experimental programme

Author

Reimerdes, H, Agostini, M, Alessi, E, Alberti, S, Andrebe, Y, Arnichand, H, Balbin, J, Bagnato, F, Baquero-Ruiz, M, Bernert, M, Bin, W, Blanchard, P, Blanken, T, Boedo, J, Brida, D, Brunner, S, Bogar, C, Bogar, O, Bolzonella, T, Bombarda, F, Bouquey, F, Bowman, C, Brunetti, D, Buermans, J, Bufferand, H, Calacci, L, Camenen, Y, Carli, S, Carnevale, D, Carpanese, F, Causa, F, Cavalier, J, Cavedon, M, Cazabonne, J, Cerovsky, J, Chandra, R, Chandrarajan Jayalekshmi, A, Chellai, O, Chmielewski, P, Choi, D, Ciraolo, G, Classen, I, Coda, S, Colandrea, C, Dal Molin, A, David, P, De Baar, M, Decker, J, Dekeyser, W, De Oliveira, H, Douai, D, Dreval, M, Dunne, M, Duval, B, Elmore, S, Embreus, O, Eriksson, F, Faitsch, M, Falchetto, G, Farnik, M, Fasoli, A, Fedorczak, N, Felici, F, Fevrier, O, Ficker, O, Fil, A, Fontana, M, Fransson, E, Frassinetti, L, Furno, I, Gahle, D, Galassi, D, Galazka, K, Galperti, C, Garavaglia, S, Garcia-Munoz, M, Geiger, B, Giacomin, M, Giruzzi, G, Gobbin, M, Golfinopoulos, T, Goodman, T, Gorno, S, Granucci, G, Graves, J, Griener, M, Gruca, M, Gyergyek, T, Haelterman, R, Hakola, A, Han, W, Happel, T, Harrer, G, Harrison, J, Henderson, S, Hogeweij, G, Hogge, J, Hoppe, M, Horacek, J, Huang, Z, Iantchenko, A, Innocente, P, Insulander Bjork, K, Ionita-Schrittweiser, C, Isliker, H, Jardin, A, Jaspers, R, Karimov, R, Karpushov, A, Kazakov, Y, Komm, M, Kong, M, Kovacic, J, Krutkin, O, Kudlacek, O, Kumar, U, Kwiatkowski, R, Labit, B, Laguardia, L, Lammers, J, Laribi, E, Laszynska, E, Lazaros, A, Linder, O, Linehan, B, Lipschultz, B, Llobet, X, Loizu, J, Lunt, T, Macusova, E, Marandet, Y, Maraschek, M, Marceca, G, Marchetto, C, Marchioni, S, Marmar, E, Martin, Y, Martinelli, L, Matos, F, Maurizio, R, Mayoral, M, Mazon, D, Menkovski, V, Merle, A, Merlo, G, Meyer, H, Mikszuta-Michalik, K, Molina Cabrera, P, Morales, J, Moret, J, Moro, A, Moulton, D, Muhammed, H, Myatra, O, Mykytchuk, D, Napoli, F, Nem, R, Nielsen, A, Nocente, M, Nowak, S, Offeddu, N, Olsen, J, Orsitto, F, Pan, O, Papp, G, Pau, A, Perek, A, Pesamosca, F, Peysson, Y, Pigatto, L, Piron, C, Poradzinski, M, Porte, L, Putterich, T, Rabinski, M, Raj, H, Rasmussen, J, Ratta, G, Ravensbergen, T, Ricci, D, Ricci, P, Rispoli, N, Riva, F, Rivero-Rodriguez, J, Salewski, M, Sauter, O, Schmidt, B, Schrittweiser, R, Sharapov, S, Sheikh, U, Sieglin, B, Silva, M, Smolders, A, Snicker, A, Sozzi, C, Spolaore, M, Stagni, A, Stipani, L, Sun, G, Tala, T, Tamain, P, Tanaka, K, Tema Biwole, A, Terranova, D, Terry, J, Testa, D, Theiler, C, Thornton, A, Thrysoe, A, Torreblanca, H, Tsui, C, Vaccaro, D, Vallar, M, Van Berkel, M, Van Eester, D, Van Kampen, R, Van Mulders, S, Verhaegh, K, Verhaeghe, T, Vianello, N, Villone, F, Viezzer, E, Vincent, B, Voitsekhovitch, I, Vu, N, Walkden, N, Wauters, T, Weisen, H, Wendler, N, Wensing, M, Widmer, F, Wiesen, S, Wischmeier, M, Wijkamp, T, Wunderlich, D, Wuthrich, C, Yanovskiy, V, Zebrowski, J, Reimerdes H., Agostini M., Alessi E., Alberti S., Andrebe Y., Arnichand H., Balbin J., Bagnato F., Baquero-Ruiz M., Bernert M., Bin W., Blanchard P., Blanken T. C., Boedo J. A., Brida D., Brunner S., Bogar C., Bogar O., Bolzonella T., Bombarda F., Bouquey F., Bowman C., Brunetti D., Buermans J., Bufferand H., Calacci L., Camenen Y., Carli S., Carnevale D., Carpanese F., Causa F., Cavalier J., Cavedon M., Cazabonne J. A., Cerovsky J., Chandra R., Chandrarajan Jayalekshmi A., Chellai O., Chmielewski P., Choi D., Ciraolo G., Classen I. G. J., Coda S., Colandrea C., Dal Molin A., David P., De Baar M. R., Decker J., Dekeyser W., De Oliveira H., Douai D., Dreval M., Dunne M. G., Duval B. P., Elmore S., Embreus O., Eriksson F., Faitsch M., Falchetto G., Farnik M., Fasoli A., Fedorczak N., Felici F., Fevrier O., Ficker O., Fil A., Fontana M., Fransson E., Frassinetti L., Furno I., Gahle D. S., Galassi D., Galazka K., Galperti C., Garavaglia S., Garcia-Munoz M., Geiger B., Giacomin M., Giruzzi G., Gobbin M., Golfinopoulos T., Goodman T., Gorno S., Granucci G., Graves J. P., Griener M., Gruca M., Gyergyek T., Haelterman R., Hakola A., Han W., Happel T., Harrer G., Harrison J. R., Henderson S., Hogeweij G. M. D., Hogge J. -P., Hoppe M., Horacek J., Huang Z., Iantchenko A., Innocente P., Insulander Bjork K., Ionita-Schrittweiser C., Isliker H., Jardin A., Jaspers R. J. E., Karimov R., Karpushov A. N., Kazakov Y., Komm M., Kong M., Kovacic J., Krutkin O., Kudlacek O., Kumar U., Kwiatkowski R., Labit B., Laguardia L., Lammers J. T., Laribi E., Laszynska E., Lazaros A., Linder O., Linehan B., Lipschultz B., Llobet X., Loizu J., Lunt T., Macusova E., Marandet Y., Maraschek M., Marceca G., Marchetto C., Marchioni S., Marmar E. S., Martin Y., Martinelli L., Matos F., Maurizio R., Mayoral M. -L., Mazon D., Menkovski V., Merle A., Merlo G., Meyer H., Mikszuta-Michalik K., Molina Cabrera P. A., Morales J., Moret J. -M., Moro A., Moulton D., Muhammed H., Myatra O., Mykytchuk D., Napoli F., Nem R. D., Nielsen A. H., Nocente M., Nowak S., Offeddu N., Olsen J., Orsitto F. P., Pan O., Papp G., Pau A., Perek A., Pesamosca F., Peysson Y., Pigatto L., Piron C., Poradzinski M., Porte L., Putterich T., Rabinski M., Raj H., Rasmussen J. J., Ratta G. A., Ravensbergen T., Ricci D., Ricci P., Rispoli N., Riva F., Rivero-Rodriguez J. F., Salewski M., Sauter O., Schmidt B. S., Schrittweiser R., Sharapov S., Sheikh U. A., Sieglin B., Silva M., Smolders A., Snicker A., Sozzi C., Spolaore M., Stagni A., Stipani L., Sun G., Tala T., Tamain P., Tanaka K., Tema Biwole A., Terranova D., Terry J. L., Testa D., Theiler C., Thornton A., Thrysoe A., Torreblanca H., Tsui C. K., Vaccaro D., Vallar M., Van Berkel M., Van Eester D., Van Kampen R. J. R., Van Mulders S., Verhaegh K., Verhaeghe T., Vianello N., Villone F., Viezzer E., Vincent B., Voitsekhovitch I., Vu N. M. T., Walkden N., Wauters T., Weisen H., Wendler N., Wensing M., Widmer F., Wiesen S., Wischmeier M., Wijkamp T. A., Wunderlich D., Wuthrich C., Yanovskiy V., Zebrowski J., Reimerdes, H, Agostini, M, Alessi, E, Alberti, S, Andrebe, Y, Arnichand, H, Balbin, J, Bagnato, F, Baquero-Ruiz, M, Bernert, M, Bin, W, Blanchard, P, Blanken, T, Boedo, J, Brida, D, Brunner, S, Bogar, C, Bogar, O, Bolzonella, T, Bombarda, F, Bouquey, F, Bowman, C, Brunetti, D, Buermans, J, Bufferand, H, Calacci, L, Camenen, Y, Carli, S, Carnevale, D, Carpanese, F, Causa, F, Cavalier, J, Cavedon, M, Cazabonne, J, Cerovsky, J, Chandra, R, Chandrarajan Jayalekshmi, A, Chellai, O, Chmielewski, P, Choi, D, Ciraolo, G, Classen, I, Coda, S, Colandrea, C, Dal Molin, A, David, P, De Baar, M, Decker, J, Dekeyser, W, De Oliveira, H, Douai, D, Dreval, M, Dunne, M, Duval, B, Elmore, S, Embreus, O, Eriksson, F, Faitsch, M, Falchetto, G, Farnik, M, Fasoli, A, Fedorczak, N, Felici, F, Fevrier, O, Ficker, O, Fil, A, Fontana, M, Fransson, E, Frassinetti, L, Furno, I, Gahle, D, Galassi, D, Galazka, K, Galperti, C, Garavaglia, S, Garcia-Munoz, M, Geiger, B, Giacomin, M, Giruzzi, G, Gobbin, M, Golfinopoulos, T, Goodman, T, Gorno, S, Granucci, G, Graves, J, Griener, M, Gruca, M, Gyergyek, T, Haelterman, R, Hakola, A, Han, W, Happel, T, Harrer, G, Harrison, J, Henderson, S, Hogeweij, G, Hogge, J, Hoppe, M, Horacek, J, Huang, Z, Iantchenko, A, Innocente, P, Insulander Bjork, K, Ionita-Schrittweiser, C, Isliker, H, Jardin, A, Jaspers, R, Karimov, R, Karpushov, A, Kazakov, Y, Komm, M, Kong, M, Kovacic, J, Krutkin, O, Kudlacek, O, Kumar, U, Kwiatkowski, R, Labit, B, Laguardia, L, Lammers, J, Laribi, E, Laszynska, E, Lazaros, A, Linder, O, Linehan, B, Lipschultz, B, Llobet, X, Loizu, J, Lunt, T, Macusova, E, Marandet, Y, Maraschek, M, Marceca, G, Marchetto, C, Marchioni, S, Marmar, E, Martin, Y, Martinelli, L, Matos, F, Maurizio, R, Mayoral, M, Mazon, D, Menkovski, V, Merle, A, Merlo, G, Meyer, H, Mikszuta-Michalik, K, Molina Cabrera, P, Morales, J, Moret, J, Moro, A, Moulton, D, Muhammed, H, Myatra, O, Mykytchuk, D, Napoli, F, Nem, R, Nielsen, A, Nocente, M, Nowak, S, Offeddu, N, Olsen, J, Orsitto, F, Pan, O, Papp, G, Pau, A, Perek, A, Pesamosca, F, Peysson, Y, Pigatto, L, Piron, C, Poradzinski, M, Porte, L, Putterich, T, Rabinski, M, Raj, H, Rasmussen, J, Ratta, G, Ravensbergen, T, Ricci, D, Ricci, P, Rispoli, N, Riva, F, Rivero-Rodriguez, J, Salewski, M, Sauter, O, Schmidt, B, Schrittweiser, R, Sharapov, S, Sheikh, U, Sieglin, B, Silva, M, Smolders, A, Snicker, A, Sozzi, C, Spolaore, M, Stagni, A, Stipani, L, Sun, G, Tala, T, Tamain, P, Tanaka, K, Tema Biwole, A, Terranova, D, Terry, J, Testa, D, Theiler, C, Thornton, A, Thrysoe, A, Torreblanca, H, Tsui, C, Vaccaro, D, Vallar, M, Van Berkel, M, Van Eester, D, Van Kampen, R, Van Mulders, S, Verhaegh, K, Verhaeghe, T, Vianello, N, Villone, F, Viezzer, E, Vincent, B, Voitsekhovitch, I, Vu, N, Walkden, N, Wauters, T, Weisen, H, Wendler, N, Wensing, M, Widmer, F, Wiesen, S, Wischmeier, M, Wijkamp, T, Wunderlich, D, Wuthrich, C, Yanovskiy, V, Zebrowski, J, Reimerdes H., Agostini M., Alessi E., Alberti S., Andrebe Y., Arnichand H., Balbin J., Bagnato F., Baquero-Ruiz M., Bernert M., Bin W., Blanchard P., Blanken T. C., Boedo J. A., Brida D., Brunner S., Bogar C., Bogar O., Bolzonella T., Bombarda F., Bouquey F., Bowman C., Brunetti D., Buermans J., Bufferand H., Calacci L., Camenen Y., Carli S., Carnevale D., Carpanese F., Causa F., Cavalier J., Cavedon M., Cazabonne J. A., Cerovsky J., Chandra R., Chandrarajan Jayalekshmi A., Chellai O., Chmielewski P., Choi D., Ciraolo G., Classen I. G. J., Coda S., Colandrea C., Dal Molin A., David P., De Baar M. R., Decker J., Dekeyser W., De Oliveira H., Douai D., Dreval M., Dunne M. G., Duval B. P., Elmore S., Embreus O., Eriksson F., Faitsch M., Falchetto G., Farnik M., Fasoli A., Fedorczak N., Felici F., Fevrier O., Ficker O., Fil A., Fontana M., Fransson E., Frassinetti L., Furno I., Gahle D. S., Galassi D., Galazka K., Galperti C., Garavaglia S., Garcia-Munoz M., Geiger B., Giacomin M., Giruzzi G., Gobbin M., Golfinopoulos T., Goodman T., Gorno S., Granucci G., Graves J. P., Griener M., Gruca M., Gyergyek T., Haelterman R., Hakola A., Han W., Happel T., Harrer G., Harrison J. R., Henderson S., Hogeweij G. M. D., Hogge J. -P., Hoppe M., Horacek J., Huang Z., Iantchenko A., Innocente P., Insulander Bjork K., Ionita-Schrittweiser C., Isliker H., Jardin A., Jaspers R. J. E., Karimov R., Karpushov A. N., Kazakov Y., Komm M., Kong M., Kovacic J., Krutkin O., Kudlacek O., Kumar U., Kwiatkowski R., Labit B., Laguardia L., Lammers J. T., Laribi E., Laszynska E., Lazaros A., Linder O., Linehan B., Lipschultz B., Llobet X., Loizu J., Lunt T., Macusova E., Marandet Y., Maraschek M., Marceca G., Marchetto C., Marchioni S., Marmar E. S., Martin Y., Martinelli L., Matos F., Maurizio R., Mayoral M. -L., Mazon D., Menkovski V., Merle A., Merlo G., Meyer H., Mikszuta-Michalik K., Molina Cabrera P. A., Morales J., Moret J. -M., Moro A., Moulton D., Muhammed H., Myatra O., Mykytchuk D., Napoli F., Nem R. D., Nielsen A. H., Nocente M., Nowak S., Offeddu N., Olsen J., Orsitto F. P., Pan O., Papp G., Pau A., Perek A., Pesamosca F., Peysson Y., Pigatto L., Piron C., Poradzinski M., Porte L., Putterich T., Rabinski M., Raj H., Rasmussen J. J., Ratta G. A., Ravensbergen T., Ricci D., Ricci P., Rispoli N., Riva F., Rivero-Rodriguez J. F., Salewski M., Sauter O., Schmidt B. S., Schrittweiser R., Sharapov S., Sheikh U. A., Sieglin B., Silva M., Smolders A., Snicker A., Sozzi C., Spolaore M., Stagni A., Stipani L., Sun G., Tala T., Tamain P., Tanaka K., Tema Biwole A., Terranova D., Terry J. L., Testa D., Theiler C., Thornton A., Thrysoe A., Torreblanca H., Tsui C. K., Vaccaro D., Vallar M., Van Berkel M., Van Eester D., Van Kampen R. J. R., Van Mulders S., Verhaegh K., Verhaeghe T., Vianello N., Villone F., Viezzer E., Vincent B., Voitsekhovitch I., Vu N. M. T., Walkden N., Wauters T., Weisen H., Wendler N., Wensing M., Widmer F., Wiesen S., Wischmeier M., Wijkamp T. A., Wunderlich D., Wuthrich C., Yanovskiy V., and Zebrowski J.

Abstract

The tokamak à configuration variable (TCV) continues to leverage its unique shaping capabilities, flexible heating systems and modern control system to address critical issues in preparation for ITER and a fusion power plant. For the 2019-20 campaign its configurational flexibility has been enhanced with the installation of removable divertor gas baffles, its diagnostic capabilities with an extensive set of upgrades and its heating systems with new dual frequency gyrotrons. The gas baffles reduce coupling between the divertor and the main chamber and allow for detailed investigations on the role of fuelling in general and, together with upgraded boundary diagnostics, test divertor and edge models in particular. The increased heating capabilities broaden the operational regime to include Te/Ti ∼1 and have stimulated refocussing studies from L-mode to H-mode across a range of research topics. ITER baseline parameters were reached in type-I ELMy H-modes and alternative regimes with 'small' (or no) ELMs explored. Most prominently, negative triangularity was investigated in detail and confirmed as an attractive scenario with H-mode level core confinement but an L-mode edge. Emphasis was also placed on control, where an increased number of observers, actuators and control solutions became available and are now integrated into a generic control framework as will be needed in future devices. The quantity and quality of results of the 2019-20 TCV campaign are a testament to its successful integration within the European research effort alongside a vibrant domestic programme and international collaborations.

Published
2022

27. The X-Point radiating regime at ASDEX Upgrade and TCV

Author

EUROfusion MST1 Team, the TCV team, the ASDEX-Upgrade team, Bernert, M., Wiesen, S., Février, O., Kallenbach, A., Koenders, J.T.W., Sieglin, B., Stroth, U., Bosman, T.O.S.J., Brida, D., Cavedon, M., David, P., Dunne, M.G., Henderson, S., Kool, B., Lunt, T., McDermott, R.M., Pan, O., Perek, A., Reimerdes, H., Sheikh, U., Theiler, C., van Berkel, M., Wijkamp, T., Wischmeier, M., EUROfusion MST1 Team, the TCV team, the ASDEX-Upgrade team, Bernert, M., Wiesen, S., Février, O., Kallenbach, A., Koenders, J.T.W., Sieglin, B., Stroth, U., Bosman, T.O.S.J., Brida, D., Cavedon, M., David, P., Dunne, M.G., Henderson, S., Kool, B., Lunt, T., McDermott, R.M., Pan, O., Perek, A., Reimerdes, H., Sheikh, U., Theiler, C., van Berkel, M., Wijkamp, T., and Wischmeier, M.

Abstract

Future fusion reactors require a safe, steady-state divertor operation. With deep divertor detachment, which is typically induced by impurity seeding, the radiation concentrates in a small region at the X-point or on closed flux surfaces above the X-point. This so-called X-point radiator (XPR) moves further inside the confined region with increasing seeding and the location can be actively controlled. At AUG, the parameter space for operation with an XPR was significantly extended, using active feedback on the XPR location. The XPR is observed in nearly the whole operational space of AUG in the high-densities or high collisionality regime. ELM suppression is consistently observed in all cases where the XPR was moved to a significant height above the X-point. Direct measurements of density and temperature from the region around the XPR using the new divertor Thomson scattering system at AUG indicate that the temperature at the location of the XPR remains high (>30eV) and only the region towards the X-point cools down further. In this cold XPR core, the temperature reduces to about 1eV. An XPR is also observed in TCV by the injection of nitrogen as extrinsic impurity. This highlights that the wall material (W for AUG, C for TCV) or machine size does not play a significant role for the existence of the regime. However, the scenario appears to be less stable in TCV. First experiments show the necessity of an active control for the XPR: Depending on the wall conditions and the nitrogen wall storage, the required nitrogen seeding level to achieve an XPR changes. Both, the low temperatures measured radially outside of the radiation zone at AUG, and the lower stability of the XPR regime at TCV with the presence of carbon are consistent with the predictions of a one-dimensional model of the XPR. However, the model would predict the development of the cold XPR core, and significant radiation at the X-point might already exist before reaching this cold temperature soluti

Published
2023

30. Thermal analysis of an exposed tungsten edge in the JET divertor

Author

Arnoux, G., Coenen, J., Bazylev, B., Corre, Y., Matthews, G.F., Balboa, I., Clever, M., Dejarnac, R., Devaux, S., Eich, T., Gauthier, E., Frassinetti, L., Horacek, J., Jachmich, S., Kinna, D., Marsen, S., Mertens, Ph., Pitts, R.A., Rack, M., Sergienko, G., Sieglin, B., Stamp, M., and Thompson, V.

Published
2015
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31. Letter

Author

ASDEX Upgrade Team, Fable, E., David, P., Kudlacek, O., Hopf, C., Sieglin, B., Stober, J., Treutterer, W., Weiland, M., Wu, C., Zohm, H., and ASDEX Upgrade Team, Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, Max Planck Society

Subjects
alpha power, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Technology, nonlinearity, burning plasma, prediction, Condensed Matter Physics, ddc:600, tokamak, control, scenario
Abstract

In this work, a novel practical strategy to emulate a reactor scenario on present tokamak experiments is presented. A recipe how to scale several relevant parameters from a hypothetical reactor scenario down to present devices is discussed. Equivalence between the energy flux channels is detailed, and the practical actuation scheme is presented. The application of the proposed protocol on the ASDEX Upgrade tokamak is shown foremost using the virtual flight simulator Fenix, with practical experiments planned for future campaigns.

Published
2023

32. Controlled avoidance of disruptions in tokamaks: experience and developments in TCV

Author

Pau A., Felici F., Galperti C., Maraschek M., Marceca G., Rispoli N., Sauter O., Sieglin B., Sozzi C., Vu T., and TCV Team

Subjects
disruptions in tokamaks, TCV
Abstract

Disruptions represent one of the highest concerns for next-step fusion devices based on the tokamak principle. Active disruption avoidance and off-normal event handling strategies need to be envisaged and carefully designed in modern Plasma Control Systems (PCS) to monitor and predict when the plasma approaches operational boundaries. In the recent years, in the context of TCV internal and EUROfusion WPTE framework programs, several real-time control algorithms for disruption avoidance and prevention, such as for NTM stabilization and control as well as for H-mode density limit (HDL) active avoidance, have been successfully developed and embedded in the TCV real-time plasma supervision system (SAMONE). An NBI-heated scenario for the HDL has been newly developed and tested in a large number of experiments carried out for different plasma currents and divertor baffles configurations, allowing to reproduce the same physics characteristic phenomenology observed also in other devices. A first demonstration of the concept of portability across different devices has been achieved by transferring from AUG to TCV the same control algorithm based on the distance with respect to an empirically defined disruption boundary in the space of the H-Mode confinement factor (H98y,2) and a normalized line integrated edge electron density. Such a distance metrics, combined with a deep learning model for energy confinement-state detection, allows to react in real-time activating different control tasks regulating NBI power and gas flux with the objective of recovering from the strong confinement degradation observed when approaching the density limit. This contribution will present an overview of the experimental results, modelling activities supporting density limit scalings, advances in algorithms for detection of proximity to operational limits as well as the advances in the development of a generic control architecture enabling the integration of active disruption avoidance strategies and exception handling.

Published
2022

33. X-point radiation, its control and an ELM suppressed radiating regime at the ASDEX Upgrade tokamak

Author

Bernert, M, Janky, F, Sieglin, B, Kallenbach, A, Lipschultz, B, Reimold, F, Wischmeier, M, Cavedon, M, David, P, Dunne, M, Griener, M, Kudlacek, O, Mcdermott, R, Treutterer, W, Wolfrum, E, Brida, D, Fevrier, O, Henderson, S, Komm, M, Bernert M., Janky F., Sieglin B., Kallenbach A., Lipschultz B., Reimold F., Wischmeier M., Cavedon M., David P., Dunne M. G., Griener M., Kudlacek O., McDermott R. M., Treutterer W., Wolfrum E., Brida D., Fevrier O., Henderson S., Komm M., Bernert, M, Janky, F, Sieglin, B, Kallenbach, A, Lipschultz, B, Reimold, F, Wischmeier, M, Cavedon, M, David, P, Dunne, M, Griener, M, Kudlacek, O, Mcdermott, R, Treutterer, W, Wolfrum, E, Brida, D, Fevrier, O, Henderson, S, Komm, M, Bernert M., Janky F., Sieglin B., Kallenbach A., Lipschultz B., Reimold F., Wischmeier M., Cavedon M., David P., Dunne M. G., Griener M., Kudlacek O., McDermott R. M., Treutterer W., Wolfrum E., Brida D., Fevrier O., Henderson S., and Komm M.

Abstract

Future fusion reactors require a safe, steady state divertor operation. The required detached operation is, in tokamaks with metal walls, usually achieved by seeding of impurities, such as nitrogen. With strong seeding levels, the dominant radiation is emitted from a small, poloidally localized volume inside the confined region, in the vicinity of the X-point. The location of the radiating volume is observed to vary relative to the X-point depending on seeding and power levels, i.e. depending on the degree of detachment. At the ASDEX Upgrade tokamak, the position of the radiator relative to the X-point can be controlled in real time by a modulation of the nitrogen puff level. At a certain height of the radiator above the X-point, an ELM-suppressed regime is observed with minimal reduction of confinement. While the control of the X-point radiator already allows operation in full detachment at a dissipated power fraction of around 95 %, which is required for a future reactor and was previously never achieved in a controlled way, such an ELM-suppressed regime additionally eliminates the challenge of the transient, intolerably high heat fluxes by ELMs. Both requirements are met in the presented regime while maintaining a high energy confinement at high density.

Published
2021

37. Target particle and heat loads in low-triangularity L-mode plasmas in JET with carbon and beryllium/tungsten walls

Author

Groth, M., Brezinsek, S., Belo, P., Corrigan, G., Harting, D., Wiesen, S., Beurskens, M.N.A., Brix, M., Clever, M., Coenen, J.W., Eich, T., Flanagan, J., Giroud, C., Huber, A., Jachmich, S., Kruezi, U., Lehnen, M., Lowry, C., Maggi, C.F., Marsen, S., Meigs, A.G., Sergienko, G., Sieglin, B., Silva, C., Sirinelli, A., Stamp, M.F., and van Rooij, G.J.

Published
2013
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39. First nitrogen-seeding experiments in JET with the ITER-like Wall

Author

Oberkofler, M., Douai, D., Brezinsek, S., Coenen, J.W., Dittmar, T., Drenik, A., Romanelli, S.G., Joffrin, E., McCormick, K., Brix, M., Calabro, G., Clever, M., Giroud, C., Kruezi, U., Lawson, K., Linsmeier, Ch., Martin Rojo, A., Meigs, A., Marsen, S., Neu, R., Reinelt, M., Sieglin, B., Sips, G., Stamp, M., and Tabares, F.L.

Published
2013
Full Text
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42. Overview of the TCV tokamak experimental programme

Author

Reimerdes, H., Agostini, M., Alessi, E., Alberti, S., Andrebe, Y., Arnichand, H., Balbin, J., Bagnato, F., Baquero-Ruiz, M., Bernert, M., Bin, W., Blanchard, P., Blanken, T. C., Boedo, J. A., Brida, D., Brunner, S., Bogar, C., Bogar, O., Bolzonella, T., Bombarda, F., Bouquey, F., Bowman, C., Brunetti, D., Buermans, J., Bufferand, H., Calacci, L., Camenen, Y., Carli, S., Carnevale, D., Carpanese, F., Causa, F., Cavalier, J., Cavedon, M., Cazabonne, J. A., Cerovsky, J., Chandra, R., Chandrarajan Jayalekshmi, A., Chellaï, O., Chmielewski, P., Choi, D., Ciraolo, G., Classen, I.G.J., Coda, S., Colandrea, C., Dal Molin, A., David, P., de Baar, M.R., Decker, J., Dekeyser, W., De Oliveira, H., Douai, D., Dreval, M., Dunne, M. G., Duval, B. P., Elmore, S., Embreus, O., Eriksson, F., Faitsch, M., Falchetto, G., Farnik, M., Fasoli, A., Fedorczak, N., Felici, F., Février, O., Ficker, O., Fil, A., Fontana, M., Fransson, E., Frassinetti, L., Furno, I., Gahle, D. S., Galassi, D., Galazka, K., Galperti, C., Garavaglia, S., Garcia-Munoz, M., Geiger, B., Giacomin, M., Giruzzi, G., Gobbin, M., Golfinopoulos, T., Goodman, T., Gorno, S., Granucci, G., Graves, J. P., Griener, M., Gruca, M., Gyergyek, T., Haelterman, R., Hakola, A., Han, W., Happel, T., Harrer, G., Harrison, J. R., Henderson, S., Hogeweij, G. M.D., Hogge, J. P., Hoppe, M., Horacek, J., Huang, Z., Iantchenko, A., Innocente, P., Insulander Björk, K., Ionita-Schrittweiser, C., Isliker, H., Jardin, A., Jaspers, R.J.E., Karimov, R., Karpushov, A. N., Kazakov, Y., Komm, M., Kong, M., Kovacic, J., Krutkin, O., Kudlacek, O., Kumar, U., Kwiatkowski, R., Labit, B., Laguardia, L., Lammers, J.T., Laribi, E., Laszynska, E., Lazaros, A., Linder, O., Linehan, B., Lipschultz, B., Llobet, X., Loizu, J., Lunt, T., Macusova, E., Marandet, Y., Maraschek, M., Marceca, G., Marchetto, C., Marchioni, S., Marmar, E. S., Martin, Y., Martinelli, L., Matos, F., Maurizio, R., Mayoral, M. L., Mazon, D., Menkovski, V., Merle, A., Merlo, G., Meyer, H., Mikszuta-Michalik, K., Molina Cabrera, P. A., Morales, J., Moret, J. M., Moro, A., Moulton, D., Muhammed, H., Myatra, O., Mykytchuk, D., Napoli, F., Nem, R.D., Nielsen, A. H., Nocente, M., Nowak, S., Offeddu, N., Olsen, J., Orsitto, F. P., Pan, O., Papp, G., Pau, A., Perek, A., Pesamosca, F., Peysson, Y., Pigatto, L., Piron, C., Poradzinski, M., Porte, L., Pütterich, T., Rabinski, M., Raj, H., Rasmussen, J. J., Rattá, G. A., Ravensbergen, T., Ricci, D., Ricci, P., Rispoli, N., Riva, F., Rivero-Rodriguez, J. F., Salewski, M., Sauter, O., Schmidt, B. S., Schrittweiser, R., Sharapov, S., Sheikh, U. A., Sieglin, B., Silva, M., Smolders, A., Snicker, A., Sozzi, C., Spolaore, M., Stagni, A., Stipani, L., Sun, G., Tala, T., Tamain, P., Tanaka, K., Tema Biwole, A., Terranova, D., Terry, J. L., Testa, D., Theiler, C., Thornton, A., Thrysøe, A., Torreblanca, H., Tsui, C. K., Vaccaro, D., Vallar, M., van Berkel, M., Van Eester, D., van Kampen, R.J.R., van Mulders, S., Verhaegh, K., Verhaeghe, T., Vianello, N., Villone, F., Viezzer, E., Vincent, B., Voitsekhovitch, I., Vu, N. M.T., Walkden, N., Wauters, T., Weisen, H., Wendler, N., Wensing, M., Widmer, F., Wiesen, S., Wischmeier, M., Wijkamp, T.A., Wünderlich, D., Wüthrich, C., Yanovskiy, V., Zebrowski, J., Reimerdes, H., Agostini, M., Alessi, E., Alberti, S., Andrebe, Y., Arnichand, H., Balbin, J., Bagnato, F., Baquero-Ruiz, M., Bernert, M., Bin, W., Blanchard, P., Blanken, T. C., Boedo, J. A., Brida, D., Brunner, S., Bogar, C., Bogar, O., Bolzonella, T., Bombarda, F., Bouquey, F., Bowman, C., Brunetti, D., Buermans, J., Bufferand, H., Calacci, L., Camenen, Y., Carli, S., Carnevale, D., Carpanese, F., Causa, F., Cavalier, J., Cavedon, M., Cazabonne, J. A., Cerovsky, J., Chandra, R., Chandrarajan Jayalekshmi, A., Chellaï, O., Chmielewski, P., Choi, D., Ciraolo, G., Classen, I.G.J., Coda, S., Colandrea, C., Dal Molin, A., David, P., de Baar, M.R., Decker, J., Dekeyser, W., De Oliveira, H., Douai, D., Dreval, M., Dunne, M. G., Duval, B. P., Elmore, S., Embreus, O., Eriksson, F., Faitsch, M., Falchetto, G., Farnik, M., Fasoli, A., Fedorczak, N., Felici, F., Février, O., Ficker, O., Fil, A., Fontana, M., Fransson, E., Frassinetti, L., Furno, I., Gahle, D. S., Galassi, D., Galazka, K., Galperti, C., Garavaglia, S., Garcia-Munoz, M., Geiger, B., Giacomin, M., Giruzzi, G., Gobbin, M., Golfinopoulos, T., Goodman, T., Gorno, S., Granucci, G., Graves, J. P., Griener, M., Gruca, M., Gyergyek, T., Haelterman, R., Hakola, A., Han, W., Happel, T., Harrer, G., Harrison, J. R., Henderson, S., Hogeweij, G. M.D., Hogge, J. P., Hoppe, M., Horacek, J., Huang, Z., Iantchenko, A., Innocente, P., Insulander Björk, K., Ionita-Schrittweiser, C., Isliker, H., Jardin, A., Jaspers, R.J.E., Karimov, R., Karpushov, A. N., Kazakov, Y., Komm, M., Kong, M., Kovacic, J., Krutkin, O., Kudlacek, O., Kumar, U., Kwiatkowski, R., Labit, B., Laguardia, L., Lammers, J.T., Laribi, E., Laszynska, E., Lazaros, A., Linder, O., Linehan, B., Lipschultz, B., Llobet, X., Loizu, J., Lunt, T., Macusova, E., Marandet, Y., Maraschek, M., Marceca, G., Marchetto, C., Marchioni, S., Marmar, E. S., Martin, Y., Martinelli, L., Matos, F., Maurizio, R., Mayoral, M. L., Mazon, D., Menkovski, V., Merle, A., Merlo, G., Meyer, H., Mikszuta-Michalik, K., Molina Cabrera, P. A., Morales, J., Moret, J. M., Moro, A., Moulton, D., Muhammed, H., Myatra, O., Mykytchuk, D., Napoli, F., Nem, R.D., Nielsen, A. H., Nocente, M., Nowak, S., Offeddu, N., Olsen, J., Orsitto, F. P., Pan, O., Papp, G., Pau, A., Perek, A., Pesamosca, F., Peysson, Y., Pigatto, L., Piron, C., Poradzinski, M., Porte, L., Pütterich, T., Rabinski, M., Raj, H., Rasmussen, J. J., Rattá, G. A., Ravensbergen, T., Ricci, D., Ricci, P., Rispoli, N., Riva, F., Rivero-Rodriguez, J. F., Salewski, M., Sauter, O., Schmidt, B. S., Schrittweiser, R., Sharapov, S., Sheikh, U. A., Sieglin, B., Silva, M., Smolders, A., Snicker, A., Sozzi, C., Spolaore, M., Stagni, A., Stipani, L., Sun, G., Tala, T., Tamain, P., Tanaka, K., Tema Biwole, A., Terranova, D., Terry, J. L., Testa, D., Theiler, C., Thornton, A., Thrysøe, A., Torreblanca, H., Tsui, C. K., Vaccaro, D., Vallar, M., van Berkel, M., Van Eester, D., van Kampen, R.J.R., van Mulders, S., Verhaegh, K., Verhaeghe, T., Vianello, N., Villone, F., Viezzer, E., Vincent, B., Voitsekhovitch, I., Vu, N. M.T., Walkden, N., Wauters, T., Weisen, H., Wendler, N., Wensing, M., Widmer, F., Wiesen, S., Wischmeier, M., Wijkamp, T.A., Wünderlich, D., Wüthrich, C., Yanovskiy, V., and Zebrowski, J.

Abstract

The tokamak à configuration variable (TCV) continues to leverage its unique shaping capabilities, flexible heating systems and modern control system to address critical issues in preparation for ITER and a fusion power plant. For the 2019-20 campaign its configurational flexibility has been enhanced with the installation of removable divertor gas baffles, its diagnostic capabilities with an extensive set of upgrades and its heating systems with new dual frequency gyrotrons. The gas baffles reduce coupling between the divertor and the main chamber and allow for detailed investigations on the role of fuelling in general and, together with upgraded boundary diagnostics, test divertor and edge models in particular. The increased heating capabilities broaden the operational regime to include Te/Ti ∼1 and have stimulated refocussing studies from L-mode to H-mode across a range of research topics. ITER baseline parameters were reached in type-I ELMy H-modes and alternative regimes with 'small' (or no) ELMs explored. Most prominently, negative triangularity was investigated in detail and confirmed as an attractive scenario with H-mode level core confinement but an L-mode edge. Emphasis was also placed on control, where an increased number of observers, actuators and control solutions became available and are now integrated into a generic control framework as will be needed in future devices. The quantity and quality of results of the 2019-20 TCV campaign are a testament to its successful integration within the European research effort alongside a vibrant domestic programme and international collaborations.

Published
2022

43. Actuator Development Step by Step: Pellet Particle Flux Control for Single- and Multiple-Source Systems

Author

T. Lang, P., Ploeckl, B., Fischer, R., Griener, M., Kircher, M., Kudlacek, O., Phillips, G., Sieglin, B., Satoshi, Yamamoto, Treutterer, W., T. Lang, P., Ploeckl, B., Fischer, R., Griener, M., Kircher, M., Kudlacek, O., Phillips, G., Sieglin, B., Satoshi, Yamamoto, and Treutterer, W.

Abstract

Fuel injection by means of solid cryogenic pellets is expected to provide a sound and efficient tool. Hence, the installation of a pellet launching system will be a necessity. Yet, pellets are considered as a serviceable actuator for integrated supplementary functions as, e.g., fast and efficient delivery of seeding gas, or in case needed, the pacing of edge-localized modes. Consequently, a control scheme has to be developed that is capable of mastering the simultaneous actuations covering different tasks. Our scheme relies on pellet launching by a centrifuge accelerator, providing the option for precisely predictable pellet injection sequences. In order to develop a suitable actuator control scheme, as a first step the central part was brought into service at ASDEX Upgrade. It proved operational for feedback particle flux control of a single pellet source. In a subsequent step, it is now upgraded to enable multitasked control of the JT-60SA multipellet source currently under construction. In its finally designated configuration, this control scheme provides a potential solution for a reactor-grade system.

Published
2022

44. Thermo-mechanical limits of a magnetically driven fast-ion loss detector in the ASDEX Upgrade tokamak

Author

European Commission, Hidalgo-Salaverri, Javier, González-Martín, Javier, Ayllón Guerola, Juan Manuel, García-Muñoz, M., Sieglin, B., Galdón Quiroga, Joaquín, Silvagni, D., Viezzer, Eleonora, Rueda-Rueda, José, Lunt, T., European Commission, Hidalgo-Salaverri, Javier, González-Martín, Javier, Ayllón Guerola, Juan Manuel, García-Muñoz, M., Sieglin, B., Galdón Quiroga, Joaquín, Silvagni, D., Viezzer, Eleonora, Rueda-Rueda, José, and Lunt, T.

Abstract

A real-time control system is being developed for a magnetically driven Fast-Ion Loss Detector (FILD) at the ASDEX Upgrade tokamak. The insertion of the diagnostic head will be adjusted in real-time to react to changes in the graphite head temperature, plasma position and appearance of MHD instabilities. The graphite probe head of the detector is exposed to an intense heat flux (located ∼3–5 cm from separatrix). The control algorithm performance is constrained by: the graphite head sublimation temperature, the ultimate stress limit, the reaction time of the controller and the retraction time. In this work, the temperature and thermal induced stress distribution on the probe head are assessed to determine what temperature-related magnitude is the limiting factor. The heat flux at the probe head has been estimated using the time-averaged parallel heat flux measured at the divertor target via infrared thermography. A field line tracing algorithm determines which regions of the probe head receives a weighted heat flux due to shadowing (self-induced or from other structures) and the incidence angle of the field lines. A finite element model is used to simulate the temporal evolution of the graphite head temperature and to obtain the induced thermal stress. The temperature spatial distribution at the probe head is validated against measurements of the probe head for different FILD systems showing a good agreement. These measurements have been obtained from visible cameras with an infrared filter. The model concludes that the maximum stress (∼100 MPa) does not overcome the graphite mechanical limit (170 MPa) and that the probe head is not affected by fatigue. Therefore, the graphite sublimation temperature (2000 °C) is set as the limiting factor of the new control system.

Published
2022

45. Full-orbit and drift calculations of fusion product losses due to explosive fishbones on JET

Author

Fitzgerald, M., Buchanan, J., Sharapov, S. E., Kiptily, V. G., Sertoli, M., Szepesi, G., Boom, J., Akers, R. J., King, D., Abduallev, S., Abhangi, M., Abreu, P., Afzal, M., Aggarwal, K. M., Ahlgren, T., Ahn, J. H., Aho-Mantila, L., Aiba, N., Airila, M., Albanese, R., Aldred, V., Alegre, D., Alessi, E., Aleynikov, P., Alfier, A., Alkseev, A., Allinson, M., Alper, B., Alves, E., Ambrosino, G., Ambrosino, R., Amicucci, L., Amosov, V., Sunden, E. Andersson, Angelone, M., Anghel, M., Angioni, C., Appel, L., Appelbee, C., Arena, P., Ariola, M., Arnichand, H., Arshad, S., Ash, A., Ashikawa, N., Aslanyan, V., Asunta, O., Auriemma, F., Austin, Y., Avotina, L., Axton, M. D., Ayres, C., Bacharis, M., Baciero, A., Baiao, D., Bailey, S., Baker, A., Balboa, I., Balden, M., Balshaw, N., Bament, R., Banks, J. W., Baranov, Y. F., Barnard, M. A., Barnes, D., Barnes, M., Barnsley, R., Wiechec, A. Baron, Orte, L. Barrera, Baruzzo, M., Basiuk, V., Bassan, M., Bastow, R., Batista, A., Batistoni, P., Baughan, R., Bauvir, B., Baylor, L., Bazylev, B., Beal, J., Beaumont, P. S., Beckers, M., Beckett, B., Becoulet, A., Bekris, N., Beldishevski, M., Bell, K., Belli, F., Bellinger, M., Belonohy, E., Ben Ayed, N., Benterman, N. A., Bergsaker, H., Bernardo, J., Bernert, M., Berry, M., Bertalot, L., Besliu, C., Beurskens, M., Bieg, B., Bielecki, J., Biewer, T., Bigi, M., Bilkova, P., Binda, F., Bisoffi, A., Bizarro, J. P. S., Bjorkas, C., Blackburn, J., Blackman, K., Blackman, T. R., Blanchard, P., Blatchford, P., Bobkov, V., Boboc, A., Bodnar, G., Bogar, O., Bolshakova, I., Bolzonella, T., Bonanomi, N., Bonelli, F., Booth, J., Borba, D., Borodin, D., Borodkina, I., Botrugno, A., Bottereau, C., Boulting, P., Bourdelle, C., Bowden, M., Bower, C., Bowman, C., Boyce, T., Boyd, C., Boyer, H. J., Bradshaw, J. M. A., Braic, V., Bravanec, R., Breizman, B., Bremond, S., Brennan, P. D., Breton, S., Brett, A., Brezinsek, S., Bright, M. D. J., Brix, M., Broeckx, W., Brombin, M., Broslawski, A., Brown, D. P. D., Brown, M., Bruno, E., Bucalossi, J., Buch, J., Buckley, M. A., Budny, R., Bufferand, H., Bulman, M., Bulmer, N., Bunting, P., Buratti, P., Burckhart, A., Buscarino, A., Busse, A., Butler, N. K., Bykov, I., Byrne, J., Cahyna, P., Calabro, G., Calvo, I., Camenen, Y., Camp, P., Campling, D. C., Cane, J., Cannas, B., Capel, A. J., Card, P. J., Cardinali, A., Carman, P., Carr, M., Carralero, D., Carraro, L., Carvalho, B. B., Carvalho, I., Carvalho, P., Casson, F. J., Castaldo, C., Catarino, N., Caumont, J., Causa, F., Cavazzana, R., Cave-Ayland, K., Cavinato, M., Cecconello, M., Ceccuzzi, S., Cecil, E., Cenedese, A., Cesario, R., Challis, C. D., Chandler, M., Chandra, D., Chang, C. S., Chankin, A., Chapman, I. T., Chapman, S. C., Chernyshova, M., Chitarin, G., Ciraolo, G., Ciric, D., Citrin, J., Clairet, F., Clark, E., Clark, M., Clarkson, R., Clatworthy, D., Clements, C., Cleverly, M., Coad, J. P., Coates, P. A., Cobalt, A., Coccorese, V., Cocilovo, V., Coda, S., Coelho, R., Coenen, J. W., Coffey, I., Colas, L., Collins, S., Conka, D., Conroy, S., Conway, N., Coombs, D., Cooper, D., Cooper, S. R., Corradino, C., Corre, Y., Corrigan, G., Cortes, S., Coster, D., Couchman, A. S., Cox, M. P., Craciunescu, T., Cramp, S., Craven, R., Crisanti, F., Croci, G., Croft, D., Crombe, K., Crowe, R., Cruz, N., Cseh, G., Cufar, A., Cullen, A., Curuia, M., Czarnecka, A., Dabirikhah, H., Dalgliesh, P., Dalley, S., Dankowski, J., Darrow, D., Davies, O., Davis, W., Day, C., Day, I. E., De Bock, M., de Castro, A., de la Cal, E., de la Luna, E., De Masi, G., de Pablos, J. L., De Temmerman, G., De Tommasi, G., de Vries, P., Deakin, K., Deane, J., Agostini, F. Degli, Dejarnac, R., Delabie, E., den Harder, N., Dendy, R. O., Denis, J., Denner, P., Devaux, S., Devynck, P., Di Maio, F., Di Siena, A., Di Troia, C., Dinca, P., D'Inca, R., Ding, B., Dittmar, T., Doerk, H., Doerner, R. P., Donne, T., Dorling, S. E., Dormido-Canto, S., Doswon, S., Douai, D., Doyle, P. T., Drenik, A., Drewelow, P., Drews, P., Duckworth, Ph., Dumont, R., Dumortier, P., Dunai, D., Dunne, M., Duran, I., Durodie, F., Dutta, P., Duval, B. P., Dux, R., Dylst, K., Dzysiuk, N., Edappala, P. V., Edmond, J., Edwards, A. M., Edwards, J., Eich, Th., Ekedahl, A., El-Jorf, R., Elsmore, C. G., Enachescu, M., Ericsson, G., Eriksson, F., Eriksson, J., Eriksson, L. G., Esposito, B., Esquembri, S., Esser, H. G., Esteve, D., Evans, B., Evans, G. E., Evison, G., Ewart, G. D., Fagan, D., Faitsch, M., Falie, D., Fanni, A., Fasoli, A., Faustin, J. M., Fawlk, N., Fazendeiro, L., Fedorczak, N., Felton, R. C., Fenton, K., Fernades, A., Fernandes, H., Ferreira, J., Fessey, J. A., Fevrier, O., Ficker, O., Field, A., Fietz, S., Figueiredo, A., Figueiredo, J., Fil, A., Finburg, P., Firdaouss, M., Fischer, U., Fittill, L., Flammini, D., Flanagan, J., Fleming, C., Flinders, K., Fonnesu, N., Fontdecaba, J. M., Formisano, A., Forsythe, L., Fortuna, L., Fortuna-Zalesna, E., Fortune, M., Foster, S., Franke, T., Franklin, T., Frasca, M., Frassinetti, L., Freisinger, M., Fresa, R., Frigione, D., Fuchs, V., Fuller, D., Futatani, S., Fyvie, J., Gal, K., Galassi, D., Galazka, K., Galdon-Quiroga, J., Gallagher, J., Gallart, D., Galvao, R., Gao, X., Gao, Y., Garcia, J., Garcia-Carrasco, A., Garcia-Munoz, M., Gardarein, J. -L., Garzotti, L., Gaudio, P., Gauthier, E., Gear, D. F., Gee, S. J., Geiger, B., Gelfusa, M., Gerasimov, S., Gervasini, G., Gethins, M., Ghani, Z., Ghate, M., Gherendi, M., Giacalone, J. C., Giacomelli, L., Gibson, C. S., Giegerich, T., Gil, C., Gil, L., Gilligan, S., Gin, D., Giovannozzi, E., Girardo, J. B., Giroud, C., Giruzzi, G., Gloeggler, S., Godwin, J., Goff, J., Gohil, P., Goloborod'Ko, V., Gomes, R., Goncalves, B., Goniche, M., Goodliffe, M., Goodyear, A., Gorini, G., Gosk, M., Goulding, R., Goussarov, A., Gowland, R., Graham, B., Graham, M. E., Graves, J. P., Grazier, N., Grazier, P., Green, N. R., Greuner, H., Grierson, B., Griph, F. S., Grisolia, C., Grist, D., Groth, M., Grove, R., Grundy, C. N., Grzonka, J., Guard, D., Guerard, C., Guillemaut, C., Guirlet, R., Gurl, C., Utoh, H. H., Hackett, L. J., Hacquin, S., Hagar, A., Hager, R., Hakola, A., Halitovs, M., Hall, S. J., Cook, S. P. Hallworth, Hamlyn-Harris, C., Hammond, K., Harrington, C., Harrison, J., Harting, D., Hasenbeck, F., Hatano, Y., Hatch, D. R., Haupt, T. D. V., Hawes, J., Hawkes, N. C., Hawkins, J., Hawkins, P., Haydon, P. W., Hayter, N., Hazel, S., Heesterman, P. J. L., Heinola, K., Hellesen, C., Hellsten, T., Helou, W., Hemming, O. N., Hender, T. C., Henderson, M., Henderson, S. S., Henriques, R., Hepple, D., Hermon, G., Hertout, P., Hidalgo, C., Highcock, E. G., Hill, M., Hillairet, J., Hillesheim, J., Hillis, D., Hizanidis, K., Hjalmarsson, A., Hobirk, J., Hodille, E., Hogben, C. H. A., Hogeweij, G. M. D., Hollingsworth, A., Hollis, S., Homfray, D. A., Horacek, J., Hornung, G., Horton, A. R., Horton, L. D., Horvath, L., Hotchin, S. P., Hough, M. R., Howarth, P. J., Hubbard, A., Huber, A., Huber, V., Huddleston, T. M., Hughes, M., Huijsmans, G. T. A., Hunter, C. L., Huynh, P., Hynes, A. M., Iglesias, D., Imazawa, N., Imbeaux, F., Imrisek, M., Incelli, M., Innocente, P., Irishkin, M., Ivanova-Stanik, I., Jachmich, S., Jacobsen, A. S., Jacquet, P., Jansons, J., Jardin, A., Jarvinen, A., Jaulmes, F., Jednorog, S., Jenkins, I., Jeong, C., Jepu, I., Joffrin, E., Johnson, R., Johnson, T., Johnston, Jane, Joita, L., Jones, G., Jones, T. T. C., Hoshino, K. K., Kallenbach, A., Kamiya, K., Kaniewski, J., Kantor, A., Kappatou, A., Karhunen, J., Karkinsky, D., Karnowska, I., Kaufman, M., Kaveney, G., Kazakov, Y., Kazantzidis, V., Keeling, D. L., Keenan, T., Keep, J., Kempenaars, M., Kennedy, C., Kenny, D., Kent, J., Kent, O. N., Khilkevich, E., Kim, H. T., Kim, H. S., Kinch, A., King, C., King, R. F., Kinna, D. J., Kiptily, V., Kirk, A., Kirov, K., Kirschner, A., Kizane, G., Klepper, C., Klix, A., Knight, P., Knipe, S. J., Knott, S., Kobuchi, T., Koechl, F., Kocsis, G., Kodeli, I., Kogan, L., Kogut, D., Koivuranta, S., Kominis, Y., Koeppen, M., Kos, B., Koskela, T., Koslowski, H. R., Koubiti, M., Kovari, M., Kowalska-Strzeciwilk, E., Krasilnikov, A., Krasilnikov, V., Krawczyk, N., Kresina, M., Krieger, K., Krivska, A., Kruezi, U., Ksiazek, I., Kukushkin, A., Kundu, A., Kurki-Suonio, T., Kwak, S., Kwiatkowski, R., Kwon, O. J., Laguardia, L., Lahtinen, A., Laing, A., Lam, N., Lambertz, H. T., Lane, C., Lang, P. 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Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Explosive material, 01 natural sciences, Instability, 010305 fluids & plasmas, fast particle, fast particles, Physics::Plasma Physics, 0103 physical sciences, fishbone, 010306 general physics, fusion products, instability, JET, losses, sawteeth, Physics, Fusion, Jet (fluid), INTERNAL KINK MODES, STABILITY, PLASMAS, Plasma, Mechanics, stability, plasmas, Condensed Matter Physics, losse, internal kink modes, Settore ING-IND/20 - Misure e Strumentazione Nucleari, Orbit (dynamics), fusion product, Scenario design
Abstract

Fishbones are ubiquitous in high-performance JET plasmas and are typically considered to be unimportant for scenario design. However, during recent high-performance hybrid scenario experiments, sporadic and explosive fishbone oscillations with sawtooth reconnection were observed coinciding with reduced performance and a main chamber hotspot. Fast ion loss diagnostics showed fusion products ejected from the plasma by the fishbones. We present calculations of the perturbed motion of non-resonant fusion products in the presence of fishbones assuming a fixed linear mode structure and frequency. Using careful reconstruction of the equilibrium and measurements of the perturbation, we show that the measured fishbone spatial structure in these experiments can be well modelled as a linear MHD internal kink mode. Both drift and full-orbit calculations predict losses of fusion products at the same location of the observed hotspot, however the calculated energy content of those losses is negligible and cannot be contributing significantly. The fast ions responsible for the hotspot and the reason for their loss both remain unexplained.

Published
2019
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46. A wall-aligned grid generator for non-linear simulations of MHD instabilities in tokamak plasmas

Author

Pamela, S., Huijsmans, G., Thornton, A. J., Kirk, A., Smith, S. F., Hoelzl, M., Eich, T., Abduallev, S., Abhangi, M., Abreu, P., Afzal, M., Aggarwal, K. M., Ahlgren, T., Ahn, J. H., Aho-Mantila, L., Aiba, N., Airila, M., Albanese, R., Aldred, V., Alegre, D., Alessi, E., Aleynikov, P., Alfier, A., Alkseev, A., Allinson, M., Alper, B., Alves, E., Ambrosino, G., Ambrosino, R., Amicucci, L., Amosov, V., Sunden, E. Andersson, Angelone, M., Anghel, M., Angioni, C., Appel, L., Appelbee, C., Arena, P., Ariola, M., Arnichand, H., Arshad, S., Ash, A., Ashikawa, N., Aslanyan, V., Asunta, O., Auriemma, F., Austin, Y., Avotina, L., Axton, M. D., Ayres, C., Bacharis, M., Baciero, A., Baiao, D., Bailey, S., Baker, A., Balboa, I., Balden, M., Balshaw, N., Bament, R., Banks, J. W., Baranov, Y. F., Barnard, M. A., Barnes, D., Barnes, M., Barnsley, R., Wiechec, A. Baron, Orte, L. Barrera, Baruzzo, M., Basiuk, V., Bassan, M., Bastow, R., Batista, A., Batistoni, P., Baughan, R., Bauvir, B., Baylor, L., Bazylev, B., Beal, J., Beaumont, P. S., Beckers, M., Beckett, B., Becoulet, A., Bekris, N., Beldishevski, M., Bell, K., Belli, F., Bellinger, M., Belonohy, E., Ben Ayed, N., Benterman, N. A., Bergsaker, H., Bernardo, J., Bernert, M., Berry, M., Bertalot, L., Besliu, C., Beurskens, M., Bieg, B., Bielecki, J., Biewer, T., Bigi, M., Bilkova, P., Binda, F., Bisoffi, A., Bizarro, J. P. S., Bjorkas, C., Blackburn, J., Blackman, K., Blackman, T. R., Blanchard, P., Blatchford, P., Bobkov, V., Boboc, A., Bodnar, G., Bogar, O., Bolshakova, I., Bolzonella, T., Bonanomi, N., Bonelli, F., Boom, J., Booth, J., Borba, D., Borodin, D., Borodkina, I., Botrugno, A., Bottereau, C., Boulting, P., Bourdelle, C., Bowden, M., Bower, C., Bowman, C., Boyce, T., Boyd, C., Boyer, H. J., Bradshaw, J. M. A., Braic, V., Bravanec, R., Breizman, B., Bremond, S., Brennan, P. 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R., Mertens, Ph., Meshchaninov, S., Messiaen, A., Meyer, H., Mianowski, S., Michling, R., Middleton-Gear, D., Miettunen, J., Militello, F., Militello-Asp, E., Miloshevsky, G., Mink, F., Minucci, S., Miyoshi, Y., Mlynar, J., Molina, D., Monakhov, I., Moneti, M., Mooney, R., Moradi, S., Mordijck, S., Moreira, L., Moreno, R., Moro, F., Morris, A. W., Morris, J., Moser, L., Mosher, S., Moulton, D., Murari, A., Muraro, A., Murphy, S., Asakura, N. N., Na, Y. S., Nabais, F., Naish, R., Nakano, T., Nardon, E., Naulin, V., Nave, M. F. F., Nedzelski, I., Nemtsev, G., Nespoli, F., Neto, A., Neu, R., Neverov, V. S., Newman, M., Nicholls, K. J., Nicolas, T., Nielsen, A. H., Nielsen, P., Nilsson, E., Nishijima, D., Noble, C., Nocente, M., Nodwell, D., Nordlund, K., Nordman, H., Nouailletas, R., Nunes, I., Oberkofler, M., Odupitan, T., Ogawa, M. T., O'Gorman, T., Okabayashi, M., Olney, R., Omolayo, O., O'Mullane, M., Ongena, J., Orsitto, F., Orszagh, J., Oswuigwe, B. 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T., Porosnicu, C., Porton, M., Possnert, G., Potzel, S., Powell, T., Pozzi, J., Prajapati, V., Prakash, R., Prestopino, G., Price, D., Price, M., Price, R., Prior, P., Proudfoot, R., Pucella, G., Puglia, P., Puiatti, M. E., Pulley, D., Purahoo, K., Puetterich, Th., Rachlew, E., Rack, M., Ragona, R., Rainford, M. S. J., Rakha, A., Ramogida, G., Ranjan, S., Rapson, C. J., Rasmussen, J. J., Rathod, K., Ratta, G., Ratynskaia, S., Ravera, G., Rayner, C., Rebai, M., Reece, D., Reed, A., Refy, D., Regan, B., Regana, J., Reich, M., Reid, N., Reimold, F., Reinhart, M., Reinke, M., Reiser, D., Rendell, D., Reux, C., Reyes Cortes, S. D. A., Reynolds, S., Riccardo, V., Richardson, N., Riddle, K., Rigamonti, D., Rimini, F. G., Risner, J., Riva, M., Roach, C., Robins, R. J., Robinson, S. A., Robinson, T., Robson, D. W., Roccella, R., Rodionov, R., Rodrigues, P., Rodriguez, J., Rohde, V., Romanelli, F., Romanelli, M., Romanelli, S., Romazanov, J., Rowe, S., Rubel, M., Rubinacci, G., Rubino, G., Ruchko, L., Ruiz, M., Ruset, C., Rzadkiewicz, J., Saarelma, S., Sabot, R., Safi, E., Sagar, P., Saibene, G., Saint-Laurent, F., Salewski, M., Salmi, A., Salmon, R., Salzedas, F., Samaddar, D., Samm, U., Sandiford, D., Santa, P., Santala, M. I. K., Santos, B., Santucci, A., Sartori, F., Sartori, R., Sauter, O., Scannell, R., Schlummer, T., Schmid, K., Schmidt, V., Schmuck, S., Schneider, M., Schoepf, K., Schworer, D., Scott, S. D., Sergienko, G., Sertoli, M., Shabbir, A., Sharapov, S. E., Shaw, A., Shaw, R., Sheikh, H., Shepherd, A., Shevelev, A., Shumack, A., Sias, G., Sibbald, M., Sieglin, B., Silburn, S., Silva, A., Silva, C., Simmons, P. A., Simpson, J., Simpson-Hutchinson, J., Sinha, A., Sipila, S. K., Sips, A. C. C., Siren, P., Sirinelli, A., Sjostrand, H., Skiba, M., Skilton, R., Slabkowska, K., Slade, B., Smith, N., Smith, P. G., Smith, R., Smith, T. J., Smithies, M., Snoj, L., Soare, S., Solano, E. R., Somers, A., Sommariva, C., Sonato, P., Sopplesa, A., Sousa, J., Sozzi, C., Spagnolo, S., Spelzini, T., Spineanu, F., Stables, G., Stamatelatos, I., Stamp, M. F., Staniec, P., Stankunas, G., Stan-Sion, C., Stead, M. J., Stefanikova, E., Stepanov, I., Stephen, A. V., Stephen, M., Stevens, A., Stevens, B. D., Strachan, J., Strand, P., Strauss, H. R., Strom, P., Stubbs, G., Studholme, W., Subba, F., Summers, H. P., Svensson, J., Swiderski, L., Szabolics, T., Szawlowski, M., Szepesi, G., Suzuki, T. T., Tal, B., Tala, T., Talbot, A. R., Talebzadeh, S., Taliercio, C., Tamain, P., Tame, C., Tang, W., Tardocchi, M., Taroni, L., Taylor, D., Taylor, K. A., Tegnered, D., Telesca, G., Teplova, N., Terranova, D., Testa, D., Tholerus, E., Thomas, J., Thomas, J. 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D., Zerbini, M., Zhang, W., Zhou, Y., Zilli, E., Zoita, V., Zoletnik, S., Zychor, I., Magneto-Hydro-Dynamic Stability of Fusion Plasmas, Science and Technology of Nuclear Fusion, JET Contributors, MAST Team, and JOREK Team

Subjects
fusion, Tokamak, General Physics and Astronomy, Computational fluid dynamics, grid, 01 natural sciences, Instability, 010305 fluids & plasmas, law.invention, Physics::Plasma Physics, law, 0103 physical sciences, elm, Aerospace engineering, 010306 general physics, Aerospace, tokamak, Physics, business.industry, mhd, edge turbulence, Plasma, stability, Grid, instability, Hardware and Architecture, Mesh generation, Magnetohydrodynamics, business, reduced mhd
Abstract

Block-structured mesh generation techniques have been well addressed in the CFD community for automobile and aerospace studies, and their applicability to magnetic fusion is highly relevant, due to the complexity of the plasma-facing wall structures inside a tokamak device. Typically applied to non-linear simulations of MHD instabilities relevant to magnetically confined fusion, the JOREK code was originally developed with a 2D grid composed of isoparametric bi-cubic Bezier finite elements, that are aligned to the magnetic equilibrium of tokamak plasmas (the third dimension being represented by Fourier harmonics). To improve the applicability of these simulations, the grid-generator has been generalised to provide a robust extension method, using a block-structured mesh approach, which allows the simulations of arbitrary domains of tokamak vacuum vessels. Such boundary-aligned grids require the adaptation of boundary conditions along the edge of the new domain. Demonstrative non-linear simulations of plasma edge instabilities are presented to validate the robustness of the new grid, and future potential physics applications for tokamak plasmas are discussed. The methods presented here may be of interest to the wider community, beyond tokamak physics, wherever imposing arbitrary boundaries to quadrilateral finite elements is required. (C) 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Published
2019

47. Investigation of deuterium trapping and release in the JET divertor during the third ILW campaign using TDS

Author

JET Contributors, Likonen, J., Heinola, K., De Backer, A., Baron-Wiechec, A., Catarino, N., Jepu, I., Ayres, C. F., Coad, P., Matthews, G. F., Widdowson, A., Abduallev, S., Abhangi, M., Abreu, P., Afzal, M., Aggarwal, K. M., Ahlgren, T., Ahn, J. H., Aho-Mantila, L., Aiba, N., Airila, M., Albanese, R., Aldred, V., Alegre, D., Alessi, E., Aleynikov, P., Alfier, A., Alkseev, A., Allinson, M., Alper, B., Alves, E., Ambrosino, G., Ambrosino, R., Amicucci, L., Amosov, V., Sunden, E. Andersson, Angelone, M., Anghel, M., Angioni, C., Appel, L., Appelbee, C., Arena, P., Ariola, M., Arnichand, H., Arshad, S., Ash, A., Ashikawa, N., Aslanyan, V., Asunta, O., Auriemma, F., Austin, Y., Avotina, L., Axton, M. D., Ayres, C., Bacharis, M., Baciero, A., Baiao, D., Bailey, S., Baker, A., Balboa, I., Balden, M., Balshaw, N., Bament, R., Banks, J. W., Baranov, Y. F., Barnard, M. A., Barnes, D., Barnes, M., Barnsley, R., Wiechec, A. Baron, Orte, L. Barrera, Baruzzo, M., Basiuk, V., Bassan, M., Bastow, R., Batista, A., Batistoni, P., Baughan, R., Bauvir, B., Baylor, L., Bazylev, B., Beal, J., Beaumont, P. S., Beckers, M., Beckett, B., Becoulet, A., Bekris, N., Beldishevski, M., Bell, K., Belli, F., Bellinger, M., Belonohy, E., Ben Ayed, N., Benterman, N. A., Bergsaker, H., Bernardo, J., Bernert, M., Berry, M., Bertalot, L., Besliu, C., Beurskens, M., Bieg, B., Bielecki, J., Biewer, T., Bigi, M., Bilkova, P., Binda, F., Bisoffi, A., Bizarro, J. P. S., Bjorkas, C., Blackburn, J., Blackman, K., Blackman, T. R., Blanchard, P., Blatchford, P., Bobkov, V., Boboc, A., Bodnar, G., Bogar, O., Bolshakova, I., Bolzonella, T., Bonanomi, N., Bonelli, F., Boom, J., Booth, J., Borba, D., Borodin, D., Borodkina, I., Botrugno, A., Bottereau, C., Boulting, P., Bourdelle, C., Bowden, M., Bower, C., Bowman, C., Boyce, T., Boyd, C., Boyer, H. J., Bradshaw, J. M. A., Braic, V., Bravanec, R., Breizman, B., Bremond, S., Brennan, P. D., Breton, S., Brett, A., Brezinsek, S., Bright, M. D. J., Brix, M., Broeckx, W., Brombin, M., Broslawski, A., Brown, D. P. D., Brown, M., Bruno, E., Bucalossi, J., Buch, J., Buchanan, J., Buckley, M. A., Budny, R., Bufferand, H., Bulman, M., Bulmer, N., Bunting, P., Buratti, P., Burckhart, A., Buscarino, A., Busse, A., Butler, N. K., Bykov, I., Byrne, J., Cahyna, P., Calabro, G., Calvo, I., Camenen, Y., Camp, P., Campling, D. C., Cane, J., Cannas, B., Capel, A. J., Card, P. J., Cardinali, A., Carman, P., Carr, M., Carralero, D., Carraro, L., Carvalho, B. B., Carvalho, I., Carvalho, P., Casson, F. J., Castaldo, C., Caumont, J., Causa, F., Cavazzana, R., Cave-Ayland, K., Cavinato, M., Cecconello, M., Ceccuzzi, S., Cecil, E., Cenedese, A., Cesario, R., Challis, C. D., Chandler, M., Chandra, D., Chang, C. S., Chankin, A., Chapman, I. T., Chapman, S. C., Chernyshova, M., Chitarin, G., Ciraolo, G., Ciric, D., Citrin, J., Clairet, F., Clark, E., Clark, M., Clarkson, R., Clatworthy, D., Clements, C., Cleverly, M., Coad, J. P., Coates, P. A., Cobalt, A., Coccorese, V., Cocilovo, V., Coda, S., Coelho, R., Coenen, J. W., Coffey, I., Colas, L., Collins, S., Conka, D., Conroy, S., Conway, N., Coombs, D., Cooper, D., Cooper, S. R., Corradino, C., Corre, Y., Corrigan, G., Cortes, S., Coster, D., Couchman, A. S., Cox, M. P., Craciunescu, T., Cramp, S., Craven, R., Crisanti, F., Croci, G., Croft, D., Crombe, K., Crowe, R., Cruz, N., Cseh, G., Cufar, A., Cullen, A., Curuia, M., Czarnecka, A., Dabirikhah, H., Dalgliesh, P., Dalley, S., Dankowski, J., Darrow, D., Davies, O., Davis, W., Day, C., Day, I. E., De Bock, M., Castro, A. de, Cal, E. de la, Luna, E. de la, De Masi, G., Pablos, J. L. de, Temmerman, G., De, De Tommasi, G., Vries, P. de, Deakin, K., Deane, J., Agostini, F. Degli, Dejarnac, R., Delabie, E., Harder, N. den, Dendy, R. O., Denis, J., Denner, P., Devaux, S., Devynck, P., Di Maio, F., Di Siena, A., Di Troia, C., Dinca, P., D’Inca, R., Ding, B., Dittmar, T., Doerk, H., Doerner, R. P., Donne, T., Dorling, S. E., Dormido-Canto, S., Doswon, S., Douai, D., Doyle, P. T., Drenik, A., Drewelow, P., Drews, P., Duckworth, Ph, Dumont, R., Dumortier, P., Dunai, D., Dunne, M., Duran, I., Durodie, F., Dutta, P., Duval, B. P., Dux, R., Dylst, K., Dzysiuk, N., Edappala, P. V., Edmond, J., Edwards, A. M., Edwards, J., Eich, Th, Ekedahl, A., El-Jorf, R., Elsmore, C. G., Enachescu, M., Ericsson, G., Eriksson, F., Eriksson, J., Eriksson, L. G., Esposito, B., Esquembri, S., Esser, H. G., Esteve, D., Evans, B., Evans, G. E., Evison, G., Ewart, G. D., Fagan, D., Faitsch, M., Falie, D., Fanni, A., Fasoli, A., Faustin, J. M., Fawlk, N., Fazendeiro, L., Fedorczak, N., Felton, R. C., Fenton, K., Fernades, A., Fernandes, H., Ferreira, J., Fessey, J. A., Fevrier, O., Ficker, O., Field, A., Fietz, S., Figueiredo, A., Figueiredo, J., Fil, A., Finburg, P., Firdaouss, M., Fischer, U., Fittill, L., Fitzgerald, M., Flammini, D., Flanagan, J., Fleming, C., Flinders, K., Fonnesu, N., Fontdecaba, J. M., Formisano, A., Forsythe, L., Fortuna, L., Fortuna-Zalesna, E., Fortune, M., Foster, S., Franke, T., Franklin, T., Frasca, M., Frassinetti, L., Freisinger, M., Fresa, R., Frigione, D., Fuchs, V., Fuller, D., Futatani, S., Fyvie, J., Gal, K., Galassi, D., Galazka, K., Galdon-Quiroga, J., Gallagher, J., Gallart, D., Galvao, R., Gao, X., Gao, Y., Garcia, J., Garcia-Carrasco, A., Garcia-Munoz, M., Gardarein, J.-L., Garzotti, L., Gaudio, P., Gauthier, E., Gear, D. F., Gee, S. J., Geiger, B., Gelfusa, M., Gerasimov, S., Gervasini, G., Gethins, M., Ghani, Z., Ghate, M., Gherendi, M., Giacalone, J. C., Giacomelli, L., Gibson, C. S., Giegerich, T., Gil, C., Gil, L., Gilligan, S., Gin, D., Giovannozzi, E., Girardo, J. B., Giroud, C., Giruzzi, G., Gloeggler, S., Godwin, J., Goff, J., Gohil, P., Goloborod’ko, V., Gomes, R., Goncalves, B., Goniche, M., Goodliffe, M., Goodyear, A., Gorini, G., Gosk, M., Goulding, R., Goussarov, A., Gowland, R., Graham, B., Graham, M. E., Graves, J. P., Grazier, N., Grazier, P., Green, N. R., Greuner, H., Grierson, B., Griph, F. S., Grisolia, C., Grist, D., Groth, M., Grove, R., Grundy, C. N., Grzonka, J., Guard, D., Guerard, C., Guillemaut, C., Guirlet, R., Gurl, C., Utoh, H. H., Hackett, L. J., Hacquin, S., Hagar, A., Hager, R., Hakola, A., Halitovs, M., Hall, S. J., Cook, S. P. Hallworth, Hamlyn-Harris, C., Hammond, K., Harrington, C., Harrison, J., Harting, D., Hasenbeck, F., Hatano, Y., Hatch, D. R., Haupt, T. D. V., Hawes, J., Hawkes, N. C., Hawkins, J., Hawkins, P., Haydon, P. W., Hayter, N., Hazel, S., Heesterman, P. J. L., Hellesen, C., Hellsten, T., Helou, W., Hemming, O. N., Hender, T. C., Henderson, M., Henderson, S. S., Henriques, R., Hepple, D., Hermon, G., Hertout, P., Hidalgo, C., Highcock, E. G., Hill, M., Hillairet, J., Hillesheim, J., Hillis, D., Hizanidis, K., Hjalmarsson, A., Hobirk, J., Hodille, E., Hogben, C. H. A., Hogeweij, G. M. D., Hollingsworth, A., Hollis, S., Homfray, D. A., Horacek, J., Hornung, G., Horton, A. R., Horton, L. D., Horvath, L., Hotchin, S. P., Hough, M. R., Howarth, P. J., Hubbard, A., Huber, A., Huber, V., Huddleston, T. M., Hughes, M., Huijsmans, G. T. A., Hunter, C. L., Huynh, P., Hynes, A. M., Iglesias, D., Imazawa, N., Imbeaux, F., Imrisek, M., Incelli, M., Innocente, P., Irishkin, M., Ivanova-Stanik, I., Jachmich, S., Jacobsen, A. S., Jacquet, P., Jansons, J., Jardin, A., Jarvinen, A., Jaulmes, F., Jednorog, S., Jenkins, I., Jeong, C., Joffrin, E., Johnson, R., Johnson, T., Johnston, Jane, Joita, L., Jones, G., Jones, T. T. C., Hoshino, K. K., Kallenbach, A., Kamiya, K., Kaniewski, J., Kantor, A., Kappatou, A., Karhunen, J., Karkinsky, D., Karnowska, I., Kaufman, M., Kaveney, G., Kazakov, Y., Kazantzidis, V., Keeling, D. L., Keenan, T., Keep, J., Kempenaars, M., Kennedy, C., Kenny, D., Kent, J., Kent, O. N., Khilkevich, E., Kim, H. T., Kim, H. S., Kinch, A., King, C., King, D., King, R. F., Kinna, D. J., Kiptily, V., Kirk, A., Kirov, K., Kirschner, A., Kizane, G., Klepper, C., Klix, A., Knight, P., Knipe, S. J., Knott, S., Kobuchi, T., Koechl, F., Kocsis, G., Kodeli, I., Kogan, L., Kogut, D., Koivuranta, S., Kominis, Y., Koeppen, M., Kos, B., Koskela, T., Koslowski, H. R., Koubiti, M., Kovari, M., Kowalska-Strzeciwilk, E., Krasilnikov, A., Krasilnikov, V., Krawczyk, N., Kresina, M., Krieger, K., Krivska, A., Kruezi, U., Ksiazek, I., Kukushkin, A., Kundu, A., Kurki-Suonio, T., Kwak, S., Kwiatkowski, R., Kwon, O. J., Laguardia, L., Lahtinen, A., Laing, A., Lam, N., Lambertz, H. T., Lane, C., Lang, P. T., Lanthaler, S., Lapins, J., Lasa, A., Last, J. R., Laszynska, E., Lawless, R., Lawson, A., Lawson, K. D., Lazaros, A., Lazzaro, E., Leddy, J., Lee, S., Lefebvre, X., Leggate, H. J., Lehmann, J., Lehnen, M., Leichtle, D., Leichuer, P., Leipold, F., Lengar, I., Lennholm, M., Lerche, E., Lescinskis, A., Lesnoj, S., Letellier, E., Leyland, M., Leysen, W., Li, L., Liang, Y., Linke, J., Linsmeier, Ch, Lipschultz, B., Liu, G., Liu, Y., Lo Schiavo, V. P., Loarer, T., Loarte, A., Lobel, R. C., Lomanowski, B., Lomas, P. J., Lonnroth, J., Lopez, J. M., Lopez-Razola, J., Lorenzini, R., Losada, U., Lovell, J. J., Loving, A. B., Lowry, C., Luce, T., Lucock, R. M. A., Lukin, A., Luna, C., Lungaroni, M., Lungu, C. P., Lungu, M., Lunniss, A., Lupelli, I., Lyssoivan, A., Macdonald, N., Macheta, P., Maczewa, K., Magesh, B., Maget, P., Maggi, C., Maier, H., Mailloux, J., Makkonen, T., Makwana, R., Malaquias, A., Malizia, A., Manas, P., Manning, A., Manso, M. E., Mantica, P., Mantsinen, M., Manzanares, A., Maquet, Ph, Marandet, Y., Marcenko, N., Marchetto, C., Marchuk, O., Marinelli, M., Marinucci, M., Markovic, T., Marocco, D., Marot, L., Marren, C. A., Marshal, R., Martin, A., Martin, Y., Martin de Aguilera, A., Martinez, F. J., Martin-Solis, J. R., Martynova, Y., Maruyama, S., Masiello, A., Maslov, M., Matejcik, S., Mattei, M., Maviglia, F., Mayer, M., Mayoral, M. L., May-Smith, T., Mazon, D., Mazzotta, C., McAdams, R., McCarthy, P. J., McClements, K. G., McCormack, O., McCullen, P. A., McDonald, D., McIntosh, S., McKean, R., McKehon, J., Meadows, R. C., Meakins, A., Medina, F., Medland, M., Medley, S., Meigh, S., Meigs, A. G., Meisl, G., Meitner, S., Meneses, L., Menmuir, S., Mergia, K., Merrigan, I. R., Mertens, Ph, Meshchaninov, S., Messiaen, A., Meyer, H., Mianowski, S., Michling, R., Middleton-Gear, D., Miettunen, J., Militello, F., Militello-Asp, E., Miloshevsky, G., Mink, F., Minucci, S., Miyoshi, Y., Mlynar, J., Molina, D., Monakhov, I., Moneti, M., Mooney, R., Moradi, S., Mordijck, S., Moreira, L., Moreno, R., Moro, F., Morris, A. W., Morris, J., Moser, L., Mosher, S., Moulton, D., Murari, A., Muraro, A., Murphy, S., Asakura, N. N., Na, Y. S., Nabais, F., Naish, R., Nakano, T., Nardon, E., Naulin, V., Nave, M. F. F., Nedzelski, I., Nemtsev, G., Nespoli, F., Neto, A., Neu, R., Neverov, V. S., Newman, M., Nicholls, K. J., Nicolas, T., Nielsen, A. H., Nielsen, P., Nilsson, E., Nishijima, D., Noble, C., Nocente, M., Nodwell, D., Nordlund, K., Nordman, H., Nouailletas, R., Nunes, I., Oberkofler, M., Odupitan, T., Ogawa, M. T., O’Gorman, T., Okabayashi, M., Olney, R., Omolayo, O., O’Mullane, M., Ongena, J., Orsitto, F., Orszagh, J., Oswuigwe, B. I., Otin, R., Owen, A., Paccagnella, R., Pace, N., Pacella, D., Packer, L. W., Page, A., Pajuste, E., Palazzo, S., Pamela, S., Panja, S., Papp, P., Paprok, R., Parail, V., Park, M., Diaz, F. Parra, Parsons, M., Pasqualotto, R., Patel, A., Pathak, S., Paton, D., Patten, H., Pau, A., Pawelec, E., Soldan, C. Paz, Peackoc, A., Pearson, I. J., Pehkonen, S.-P., Peluso, E., Penot, C., Pereira, A., Pereira, R., Puglia, P. P. Pereira, Thun, C. Perez von, Peruzzo, S., Peschanyi, S., Peterka, M., Petersson, P., Petravich, G., Petre, A., Petrella, N., Petrzilka, V., Peysson, Y., Pfefferle, D., Philipps, V., Pillon, M., Pintsuk, G., Piovesan, P., Pires dos Reis, A., Piron, L., Pironti, A., Pisano, F., Pitts, R., Pizzo, F., Plyusnin, V., Pomaro, N., Pompilian, O. G., Pool, P. J., Popovichev, S., Porfiri, M. T., Porosnicu, C., Porton, M., Possnert, G., Potzel, S., Powell, T., Pozzi, J., Prajapati, V., Prakash, R., Prestopino, G., Price, D., Price, M., Price, R., Prior, P., Proudfoot, R., Pucella, G., Puglia, P., Puiatti, M. E., Pulley, D., Purahoo, K., Puetterich, Th, Rachlew, E., Rack, M., Ragona, R., Rainford, M. S. J., Rakha, A., Ramogida, G., Ranjan, S., Rapson, C. J., Rasmussen, J. J., Rathod, K., Ratta, G., Ratynskaia, S., Ravera, G., Rayner, C., Rebai, M., Reece, D., Reed, A., Refy, D., Regan, B., Regana, J., Reich, M., Reid, N., Reimold, F., Reinhart, M., Reinke, M., Reiser, D., Rendell, D., Reux, C., Reyes Cortes, S. D. A., Reynolds, S., Riccardo, V., Richardson, N., Riddle, K., Rigamonti, D., Rimini, F. G., Risner, J., Riva, M., Roach, C., Robins, R. J., Robinson, S. A., Robinson, T., Robson, D. W., Roccella, R., Rodionov, R., Rodrigues, P., Rodriguez, J., Rohde, V., Romanelli, F., Romanelli, M., Romanelli, S., Romazanov, J., Rowe, S., Rubel, M., Rubinacci, G., Rubino, G., Ruchko, L., Ruiz, M., Ruset, C., Rzadkiewicz, J., Saarelma, S., Sabot, R., Safi, E., Sagar, P., Saibene, G., Saint-Laurent, F., Salewski, M., Salmi, A., Salmon, R., Salzedas, F., Samaddar, D., Samm, U., Sandiford, D., Santa, P., Santala, M. I. K., Santos, B., Santucci, A., Sartori, F., Sartori, R., Sauter, O., Scannell, R., Schlummer, T., Schmid, K., Schmidt, V., Schmuck, S., Schneider, M., Schoepf, K., Schworer, D., Scott, S. D., Sergienko, G., Sertoli, M., Shabbir, A., Sharapov, S. E., Shaw, A., Shaw, R., Sheikh, H., Shepherd, A., Shevelev, A., Shumack, A., Sias, G., Sibbald, M., Sieglin, B., Silburn, S., Silva, A., Silva, C., Simmons, P. A., Simpson, J., Simpson-Hutchinson, J., Sinha, A., Sipila, S. K., Sips, A. C. C., Siren, P., Sirinelli, A., Sjostrand, H., Skiba, M., Skilton, R., Slabkowska, K., Slade, B., Smith, N., Smith, P. G., Smith, R., Smith, T. J., Smithies, M., Snoj, L., Soare, S., Solano, E. R., Somers, A., Sommariva, C., Sonato, P., Sopplesa, A., Sousa, J., Sozzi, C., Spagnolo, S., Spelzini, T., Spineanu, F., Stables, G., Stamatelatos, I., Stamp, M. F., Staniec, P., Stankunas, G., Stan-Sion, C., Stead, M. J., Stefanikova, E., Stepanov, I., Stephen, A. V., Stephen, M., Stevens, A., Stevens, B. D., Strachan, J., Strand, P., Strauss, H. R., Strom, P., Stubbs, G., Studholme, W., Subba, F., Summers, H. P., Svensson, J., Swiderski, L., Szabolics, T., Szawlowski, M., Szepesi, G., Suzuki, T. T., Tal, B., Tala, T., Talbot, A. R., Talebzadeh, S., Taliercio, C., Tamain, P., Tame, C., Tang, W., Tardocchi, M., Taroni, L., Taylor, D., Taylor, K. A., Tegnered, D., Telesca, G., Teplova, N., Terranova, D., Testa, D., Tholerus, E., Thomas, J., Thomas, J. D., Thomas, P., Thompson, A., Thompson, C.-A., Thompson, V. K., Thorne, L., Thornton, A., Thrysoe, A. S., Tigwell, P. A., Tipton, N., Tiseanu, I., Tojo, H., Tokitani, M., Tolias, P., Tomes, M., Tonner, P., Towndrow, M., Trimble, P., Tripsky, M., Tsalas, M., Tsavalas, P., Jun, D. Tskhakaya, Turner, I., Turner, M. M., Turnyanskiy, M., Tvalashvili, G., Tyrrell, S. G. J., Uccello, A., Ul-Abidin, Z., Uljanovs, J., Ulyatt, D., Urano, H., Uytdenhouwen, I., Vadgama, A. P., Valcarcel, D., Valentinuzzi, M., Valisa, M., Olivares, P. Vallejos, Valovic, M., Van De Mortel, M., Van Eester, D., Van Renterghem, W., Rooij, G. J. van, Varje, J., Varoutis, S., Vartanian, S., Vasava, K., Vasilopoulou, T., Vega, J., Verdoolaege, G., Verhoeven, R., Verona, C., Rinati, G. Verona, Veshchev, E., Vianello, N., Vicente, J., Viezzer, E., Villari, S., Villone, F., Vincenzi, P., Vinyar, I., Viola, B., Vitins, A., Vizvary, Z., Vlad, M., Voitsekhovitch, I., Vondracek, P., Vora, N., Vu, T., Pires de Sa, W. W., Wakeling, B., Waldon, C. W. F., Walkden, N., Walker, M., Walker, R., Walsh, M., Wang, E., Wang, N., Warder, S., Warren, R. J., Waterhouse, J., Watkins, N. W., Watts, C., Wauters, T., Weckmann, A., Weiland, J., Weisen, H., Weiszflog, M., Wellstood, C., West, A. T., Wheatley, M. R., Whetham, S., Whitehead, A. M., Whitehead, B. D., Widdowson, A. M., Wiesen, S., Wilkinson, J., Williams, J., Williams, M., Wilson, A. R., Wilson, D. J., Wilson, H. R., Wilson, J., Wischmeier, M., Withenshaw, G., Withycombe, A., Witts, D. M., Wood, D., Wood, R., Woodley, C., Wray, S., Wright, J., Wright, J. C., Wu, J., Wukitch, S., Wynn, A., Xu, T., Yadikin, D., Yanling, W., Yao, L., Yavorskij, V., Yoo, M. G., Young, C., Young, D., Young, I. D., Young, R., Zacks, J., Zagorski, R., Zaitsev, F. S., Zanino, R., Zarins, A., Zastrow, K. D., Zerbini, M., Zhang, W., Zhou, Y., Zilli, E., Zoita, V., Zoletnik, S., Zychor, I., Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Física Atómica, Molecular y Nuclear, Universidad de Sevilla. RNM138: Física Nuclear Aplicada, Department of Physics, and Materials Physics

Subjects
retention, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Technology and Engineering, Materials science, Materials Science (miscellaneous), RETENTION, TILES, Thermal desorption, Trapping, Mass spectrometry, 114 Physical sciences, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Fusion, plasma och rymdfysik, 0103 physical sciences, ddc:530, ta216, tiles, ta218, 010302 applied physics, Jet (fluid), ta114, Physics, Divertor, Fusion, Plasma and Space Physics, lcsh:TK9001-9401, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, Deuterium, 13. Climate action, lcsh:Nuclear engineering. Atomic power, Atomic physics
Abstract

Selected set of samples from JET ITER-Like Wall (JET-ILW) divertor tiles exposed in 2015-2016 has been analysed using Thermal Desorption Spectrometry (TDS). The deuterium (D) amounts obtained with TDS were compared with Nuclear Reaction Analysis (NRA). The highest amount of D was found on the top part of inner divertor which has regions with the thickest deposited layers as for divertor tiles removed in 2014. This area resides deep in the scrape-off layer and plasma configurations for the second (ILW-2, 2013-2014) and the third (ILW-3, 2015-2016) JET-ILW campaigns were similar. Agreement between TDS and NRA is good on the apron of Tile 1 and on the upper vertical region whereas on the lower vertical region of Tile 1 the NRA results are clearly smaller than the TDS results. Inner divertor Tile 3 has somewhat less D than Tiles 0 and 1, and the D amount decreases towards the lower part of the tile. The D retention at the divertor inner and outer corner regions is not symmetric as there is more D retention poloidally at the inner than at the outer divertor corner. In most cases the TDS spectra for the ILW-3 samples are different from the corresponding ILW-2 spectra because HD and D-2 release occurs at higher temperatures than from the ILW-2 samples indicating that the low energy traps have been emptied during the plasma operations and that D is either in the energetically deep traps or located deeper in the sample. For complete list of authors see http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nme.2019.03.012

Published
2019

48. A Variable Structure Control Scheme Proposal for the Tokamak à Configuration Variable

Author

Marco, Aitor, Garrido, Aitor J., Coda, Stefano, Garrido, Izaskun, Ahn, J., Albanese, R., Alberti, S., Alessi, E., Allan, S., Anand, H., Anastassiou, G., Andrebe, Y., Angioni, C., Ariola, M., Bernert, M., Beurskens, M., Bin, W., Blanchard, P., Blanken, T. C., Boedo, J. A., Bolzonella, T., Bouquey, F., Braunmueller, F. H., Bufferand, H., Buratti, P., Calabro, G., Camenen, Y., Carnevale, D., Carpanese, F., Causa, F., Cesario, R., Chapman, I. T., Chellai, O., Choi, D., Cianfarani, C., Ciraolo, G., Citrin, J., Costea, S., Crisanti, F., Cruz, N., Czarnecka, A., Decker, J., De Masi, G., De Tommasi, G., Douai, D., Dunne, M., Duval, B. P., Eich, T., Elmore, S., Esposito, B., Faitsch, M., Fasoli, A., Fedorczak, N., Felici, F., Fevrier, O., Ficker, O., Fietz, S., Fontana, M., Frassinetti, L., Furno, I., Galeani, S., Gallo, A., Galperti, C., Garavaglia, S., Garrido, I., Geiger, B., Giovannozzi, E., Gobbin, M., Goodman, T. P., Gorini, G., Gospodarczyk, M., Granucci, G., Graves, J. P., Guirlet, R., Hakola, A., Ham, C., Harrison, J., Hawke, J., Hennequin, P., Hnat, B., Hogeweij, D., Hogge, J. -Ph., Honore, C., Hopf, C., Horacek, J., Huang, Z., Igochine, V., Innocente, P., Schrittwieser, C. Ionita, Isliker, H., Jacquier, R., Jardin, A., Kamleitner, J., Karpushov, A., Keeling, D. L., Kirneva, N., Kong, M., Koubiti, M., Kovacic, J., Kramer-Flecken, A., Krawczyk, N., Kudlacek, O., Labit, B., Lazzaro, E., Le, H. B., Lipschultz, B., Llobet, X., Lomanowski, B., Loschiavo, V. P., Lunt, T., Maget, P., Maljaars, E., Malygin, A., Maraschek, M., Marini, C., Martin, P., Martin, Y., Mastrostefano, S., Maurizio, R., Mavridis, M., Mazon, D., McAdams, R., McDermott, R., Merle, A., Meyer, H., Militello, F., Miron, I. G., Cabrera, P. A. Molina, Moret, J. -M., Moro, A., Moulton, D., Naulin, V., Nespoli, F., Nielsen, A. H., Nocente, M., Nouailletas, R., Nowak, S., Odstrcil, T., Papp, G., Paprok, R., Pau, A., Pautasso, G., Ridolfini, V. Pericoli, Piovesan, P., Piron, C., Pisokas, T., Porte, L., Preynas, M., Ramogida, G., Rapson, C., Rasmussen, J. Juul, Reich, M., Reimerdes, H., Reux, C., Ricci, P., Rittich, D., Riva, F., Robinson, T., Saarelma, S., Saint-Laurent, F., Sauter, O., Scannell, R., Schlatter, Ch., Schneider, B., Schneider, P., Schrittwieser, R., Sciortino, F., Sertoli, M., Sheikh, U., Sieglin, B., Silva, M., Sinha, J., Sozzi, C., Spolaore, M., Stange, T., Stoltzfus-Dueck, T., Tamain, P., Teplukhina, A., Testa, D., Theiler, C., Thornton, A., Tophoj, L., Tran, M. Q., Tsironis, C., Tsui, C., Uccello, A., Vartanian, S., Verdoolaege, G., Verhaegh, K., Vermare, L., Vianello, N., Vijvers, W. A. J., Vlahos, L., Vu, N. M. T., Walkden, N., Wauters, T., Weisen, H., Wischmeier, M., Zestanakis, P., Zuin, M., and TCV Team

Subjects
Variable structure control, Tokamak, Article Subject, General Computer Science, Plasma heating, Computer science, PID controller, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, lcsh:QA75.5-76.95, 010305 fluids & plasmas, law.invention, Control-system, Control theory, law, 0103 physical sciences, Nuclear fusion, 010306 general physics, Real-time control, Multidisciplinary, Plasma, Fusion power, Magnetic field, Control system, lcsh:Electronic computers. Computer science, Robust control, Tokamak à configuration variable
Abstract

Fusion power is the most significant prospects in the long-term future of energy in the sense that it composes a potentially clean, cheap, and unlimited power source that would substitute the widespread traditional nonrenewable energies, reducing the geographical dependence on their sources as well as avoiding collateral environmental impacts. Although the nuclear fusion research started in the earlier part of 20th century and the fusion reactors have been developed since the 1950s, the fusion reaction processes achieved have not yet obtained net power, since the generated plasma requires more energy to achieve and remain in necessary particular pressure and temperature conditions than the produced profitable energy. For this purpose, the plasma has to be confined inside a vacuum vessel, as it is the case of the Tokamak reactor, which consists of a device that generates magnetic fields within a toroidal chamber, being one of the most promising solutions nowadays. However, the Tokamak reactors still have several issues such as the presence of plasma instabilities that provokes a decay of the fusion reaction and, consequently, a reduction in the pulse duration. In this sense, since long pulse reactions are the key to produce net power, the use of robust and fast controllers arises as a useful tool to deal with the unpredictability and the small time constant of the plasma behavior. In this context, this article focuses on the application of robust control laws to improve the controllability of the plasma current, a crucial parameter during the plasma heating and confinement processes. In particular, a variable structure control scheme based on sliding surfaces, namely, a sliding mode controller (SMC) is presented and applied to the plasma current control problem. In order to test the validity and goodness of the proposed controller, its behavior is compared to that of the traditional PID schemes applied in these systems, using the RZIp model for the Tokamak à Configuration Variable (TCV) reactor. The obtained results are very promising, leading to consider this controller as a strong candidate to enhance the performance of the PID-based controllers usually employed in this kind of systems.

Published
2019

49. Progress from ASDEX Upgrade experiments in preparing the physics basis of ITER operation and DEMO scenario development

Author

Stroth, U., primary, Aguiam, D., additional, Alessi, E., additional, Angioni, C., additional, Arden, N., additional, Parra, R. Arredondo, additional, Artigues, V., additional, Asunta, O., additional, Balden, M., additional, Bandaru, V., additional, Banon-Navarro, A., additional, Behler, K., additional, Bergmann, A., additional, Bergmann, M., additional, Bernardo, J., additional, Bernert, M., additional, Biancalani, A., additional, Bielajew, R., additional, Bilato, R., additional, Birkenmeier, G., additional, Blanken, T., additional, Bobkov, V., additional, Bock, A., additional, Body, T., additional, Bolzonella, T., additional, Bonanomi, N., additional, Bortolon, A., additional, Böswirth, B., additional, Bottereau, C., additional, Bottino, A., additional, van den Brand, H., additional, Brenzke, M., additional, Brezinsek, S., additional, Brida, D., additional, Brochard, F., additional, Bruhn, C., additional, Buchanan, J., additional, Buhler, A., additional, Burckhart, A., additional, Camenen, Y., additional, Cannas, B., additional, Megias, P. Cano, additional, Carlton, D., additional, Carr, M., additional, Carvalho, P., additional, Castaldo, C., additional, Cavedon, M., additional, Cazzaniga, C., additional, Challis, C., additional, Chankin, A., additional, Cianfarani, C., additional, Clairet, F., additional, Coda, S., additional, Coelho, R., additional, Coenen, J.W., additional, Colas, L., additional, Conway, G., additional, Costea, S., additional, Coster, D., additional, Cote, T., additional, Creely, A.J., additional, Croci, G., additional, Zabala, D.J. Cruz, additional, Cseh, G., additional, Czarnecka, A., additional, Cziegler, I., additional, D’Arcangelo, O., additional, Molin, A. Dal, additional, David, P., additional, Day, C., additional, de Baar, M., additional, de Marné, P., additional, Delogu, R., additional, Denk, S., additional, Denner, P., additional, Di Siena, A., additional, Palacios Durán, J.J. Dominguez, additional, Dunai, D., additional, Drenik, A., additional, Dreval, M., additional, Drube, R., additional, Dunne, M., additional, Duval, B.P., additional, Dux, R., additional, Eich, T., additional, Elgeti, S., additional, Encheva, A., additional, Engelhardt, K., additional, Erdös, B., additional, Erofeev, I., additional, Esposito, B., additional, Fable, E., additional, Faitsch, M., additional, Fantz, U., additional, Farnik, M., additional, Faugel, H., additional, Felici, F., additional, Ficker, O., additional, Fietz, S., additional, Figueredo, A., additional, Fischer, R., additional, Ford, O., additional, Frassinetti, L., additional, Fröschle, M., additional, Fuchert, G., additional, Fuchs, J.C., additional, Fünfgelder, H., additional, Futatani, S., additional, Galazka, K., additional, Galdon-Quiroga, J., additional, Escolà, D. Gallart, additional, Gallo, A., additional, Gao, Y., additional, Garavaglia, S., additional, Muñoz, M. Garcia, additional, Geiger, B., additional, Giannone, L., additional, Gibson, S., additional, Gil, L., additional, Giovannozzi, E., additional, Glöggler, S., additional, Gobbin, M., additional, Martin, J. Gonzalez, additional, Goodman, T., additional, Gorini, G., additional, Görler, T., additional, Gradic, D., additional, Granucci, G., additional, Gräter, A., additional, Greuner, H., additional, Griener, M., additional, Groth, M., additional, Gude, A., additional, Guimarais, L., additional, Günter, S., additional, Haas, G., additional, Hakola, A.H., additional, Ham, C., additional, Happel, T., additional, den Harder, N., additional, Harrer, G., additional, Harrison, J., additional, Hauer, V., additional, Hayward-Schneider, T., additional, Heinemann, B., additional, Hellsten, T., additional, Henderson, S., additional, Hennequin, P., additional, Herrmann, A., additional, Heyn, E., additional, Hitzler, F., additional, Hobirk, J., additional, Höfler, K., additional, Holm, J.H., additional, Hölzl, M., additional, Hopf, C., additional, Horvath, L., additional, Höschen, T., additional, Houben, A., additional, Hubbard, A., additional, Huber, A., additional, Hunger, K., additional, Igochine, V., additional, Iliasova, M., additional, Ilkei, T., additional, Björk, K. Insulander, additional, Ionita-Schrittwieser, C., additional, Ivanova-Stanik, I., additional, Jacob, W., additional, Jaksic, N., additional, Janky, F., additional, Jansen van Vuuren, A., additional, Jardin, A., additional, Jaulmes, F., additional, Jenko, F., additional, Jensen, T., additional, Joffrin, E., additional, Kallenbach, A., additional, Kálvin, S., additional, Kantor, M., additional, Kappatou, A., additional, Kardaun, O., additional, Karhunen, J., additional, Käsemann, C.-P., additional, Kasilov, S., additional, Kendl, A., additional, Kernbichler, W., additional, Khilkevitch, E., additional, Kirk, A., additional, Hansen, S. Kjer, additional, Klevarova, V., additional, Kocsis, G., additional, Koleva, M., additional, Komm, M., additional, Kong, M., additional, Krämer-Flecken, A., additional, Krieger, K., additional, Krivska, A., additional, Kudlacek, O., additional, Kurki-Suonio, T., additional, Kurzan, B., additional, Labit, B., additional, Lackner, K., additional, Laggner, F., additional, Lahtinen, A., additional, Lang, P.T., additional, Lauber, P., additional, Leuthold, N., additional, Li, L., additional, Likonen, J., additional, Linder, O., additional, Lipschultz, B., additional, Liu, Y., additional, Lohs, A., additional, Lu, Z., additional, Luda di Cortemiglia, T., additional, Luhmann, N.C., additional, Lunt, T., additional, Lyssoivan, A., additional, Maceina, T., additional, Madsen, J., additional, Magnanimo, A., additional, Maier, H., additional, Mailloux, J., additional, Maingi, R., additional, Maj, O., additional, Maljaars, E., additional, Manas, P., additional, Mancini, A., additional, Manhard, A., additional, Mantica, P., additional, Mantsinen, M., additional, Manz, P., additional, Maraschek, M., additional, Marchetto, C., additional, Marrelli, L., additional, Martin, P., additional, Martitsch, A., additional, Matos, F., additional, Mayer, M., additional, Mayoral, M.-L., additional, Mazon, D., additional, McCarthy, P.J., additional, McDermott, R., additional, Merkel, R., additional, Merle, A., additional, Meshcheriakov, D., additional, Meyer, H., additional, Milanesio, D., additional, Cabrera, P. Molina, additional, Monaco, F., additional, Muraca, M., additional, Nabais, F., additional, Naulin, V., additional, Nazikian, R., additional, Nem, R.D., additional, Nemes-Czopf, A., additional, Neu, G., additional, Neu, R., additional, Nielsen, A.H., additional, Nielsen, S.K., additional, Nishizawa, T., additional, Nocente, M., additional, Noterdaeme, J.-M., additional, Novikau, I., additional, Nowak, S., additional, Oberkofler, M., additional, Ochoukov, R., additional, Olsen, J., additional, Orain, F., additional, Palermo, F., additional, Pan, O., additional, Papp, G., additional, Perez, I. Paradela, additional, Pau, A., additional, Pautasso, G., additional, Paz-Soldan, C., additional, Petersson, P., additional, Piovesan, P., additional, Piron, C., additional, Plank, U., additional, Plaum, B., additional, Plöck, B., additional, Plyusnin, V., additional, Pokol, G., additional, Poli, E., additional, Porte, L., additional, Pütterich, T., additional, Ramisch, M., additional, Rasmussen, J., additional, Ratta, G., additional, Ratynskaia, S., additional, Raupp, G., additional, Réfy, D., additional, Reich, M., additional, Reimold, F., additional, Reiser, D., additional, Reisner, M., additional, Reiter, D., additional, Ribeiro, T., additional, Riedl, R., additional, Riesch, J., additional, Rittich, D., additional, Rodriguez, J.F. Rivero, additional, Rocchi, G., additional, Rodriguez-Fernandez, P., additional, Rodriguez-Ramos, M., additional, Rohde, V., additional, Ronchi, G., additional, Ross, A., additional, Rott, M., additional, Rubel, M., additional, Ryan, D.A., additional, Ryter, F., additional, Saarelma, S., additional, Salewski, M., additional, Salmi, A., additional, Samoylov, O., additional, Sanchez, L. Sanchis, additional, Santos, J., additional, Sauter, O., additional, Schall, G., additional, Schlüter, K., additional, Schmid, K., additional, Schmitz, O., additional, Schneider, P.A., additional, Schrittwieser, R., additional, Schubert, M., additional, Schuster, C., additional, Schwarz-Selinger, T., additional, Schweinzer, J., additional, Seliunin, E., additional, Shabbir, A., additional, Shalpegin, A., additional, Sharapov, S., additional, Sheikh, U., additional, Shevelev, A., additional, Sias, G., additional, Siccinio, M., additional, Sieglin, B., additional, Sigalov, A., additional, Silva, A., additional, Silva, C., additional, Silvagni, D., additional, Simpson, J., additional, Sipilä, S., additional, Smigelskis, E., additional, Snicker, A., additional, Solano, E., additional, Sommariva, C., additional, Sozzi, C., additional, Spizzo, G., additional, Spolaore, M., additional, Stegmeir, A., additional, Stejner, M., additional, Stober, J., additional, Strumberge, E., additional, Lopez, G. Suarez, additional, Sun, H.-J., additional, Suttrop, W., additional, Sytova, E., additional, Szepesi, T., additional, Tál, B., additional, Tala, T., additional, Tardini, G., additional, Tardocchi, M., additional, Terranova, D., additional, Teschke, M., additional, Thorén, E., additional, Tierens, W., additional, Told, D., additional, Treutterer, W., additional, Trevisan, G., additional, Trier, E., additional, Tripský, M., additional, Usoltceva, M., additional, Valisa, M., additional, Valovic, M., additional, van Zeeland, M., additional, Vannini, F., additional, Vanovac, B., additional, Varela, P., additional, Varoutis, S., additional, Vianello, N., additional, Vicente, J., additional, Verdoolaege, G., additional, Vierle, T., additional, Viezzer, E., additional, Voitsekhovitch, I., additional, von Toussaint, U., additional, Wagner, D., additional, Wang, X., additional, Weiland, M., additional, White, A.E., additional, Willensdorfer, M., additional, Wiringer, B., additional, Wischmeier, M., additional, Wolf, R., additional, Wolfrum, E., additional, Yang, Q., additional, Yu, Q., additional, Zagórski, R., additional, Zammuto, I., additional, Zehetbauer, T., additional, Zhang, W., additional, Zholobenko, W., additional, Zilker, M., additional, Zito, A., additional, Zohm, H., additional, Zoletnik, S., additional, and EUROfusion MST1 Team, the, additional

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2022
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50. Overview of the TCV tokamak experimental programme

Author

Reimerdes, H., primary, Agostini, M., additional, Alessi, E., additional, Alberti, S., additional, Andrebe, Y., additional, Arnichand, H., additional, Balbin, J., additional, Bagnato, F., additional, Baquero-Ruiz, M., additional, Bernert, M., additional, Bin, W., additional, Blanchard, P., additional, Blanken, T.C., additional, Boedo, J.A., additional, Brida, D., additional, Brunner, S., additional, Bogar, C., additional, Bogar, O., additional, Bolzonella, T., additional, Bombarda, F., additional, Bouquey, F., additional, Bowman, C., additional, Brunetti, D., additional, Buermans, J., additional, Bufferand, H., additional, Calacci, L., additional, Camenen, Y., additional, Carli, S., additional, Carnevale, D., additional, Carpanese, F., additional, Causa, F., additional, Cavalier, J., additional, Cavedon, M., additional, Cazabonne, J.A., additional, Cerovsky, J., additional, Chandra, R., additional, Chandrarajan Jayalekshmi, A., additional, Chellaï, O., additional, Chmielewski, P., additional, Choi, D., additional, Ciraolo, G., additional, Classen, I.G.J., additional, Coda, S., additional, Colandrea, C., additional, Dal Molin, A., additional, David, P., additional, de Baar, M.R., additional, Decker, J., additional, Dekeyser, W., additional, de Oliveira, H., additional, Douai, D., additional, Dreval, M., additional, Dunne, M.G., additional, Duval, B.P., additional, Elmore, S., additional, Embreus, O., additional, Eriksson, F., additional, Faitsch, M., additional, Falchetto, G., additional, Farnik, M., additional, Fasoli, A., additional, Fedorczak, N., additional, Felici, F., additional, Février, O., additional, Ficker, O., additional, Fil, A., additional, Fontana, M., additional, Fransson, E., additional, Frassinetti, L., additional, Furno, I., additional, Gahle, D.S., additional, Galassi, D., additional, Galazka, K., additional, Galperti, C., additional, Garavaglia, S., additional, Garcia-Munoz, M., additional, Geiger, B., additional, Giacomin, M., additional, Giruzzi, G., additional, Gobbin, M., additional, Golfinopoulos, T., additional, Goodman, T., additional, Gorno, S., additional, Granucci, G., additional, Graves, J.P., additional, Griener, M., additional, Gruca, M., additional, Gyergyek, T., additional, Haelterman, R., additional, Hakola, A., additional, Han, W., additional, Happel, T., additional, Harrer, G., additional, Harrison, J.R., additional, Henderson, S., additional, Hogeweij, G.M.D., additional, Hogge, J.-P., additional, Hoppe, M., additional, Horacek, J., additional, Huang, Z., additional, Iantchenko, A., additional, Innocente, P., additional, Insulander Björk, K., additional, Ionita-Schrittweiser, C., additional, Isliker, H., additional, Jardin, A., additional, Jaspers, R.J.E., additional, Karimov, R., additional, Karpushov, A.N., additional, Kazakov, Y., additional, Komm, M., additional, Kong, M., additional, Kovacic, J., additional, Krutkin, O., additional, Kudlacek, O., additional, Kumar, U., additional, Kwiatkowski, R., additional, Labit, B., additional, Laguardia, L., additional, Lammers, J.T., additional, Laribi, E., additional, Laszynska, E., additional, Lazaros, A., additional, Linder, O., additional, Linehan, B., additional, Lipschultz, B., additional, Llobet, X., additional, Loizu, J., additional, Lunt, T., additional, Macusova, E., additional, Marandet, Y., additional, Maraschek, M., additional, Marceca, G., additional, Marchetto, C., additional, Marchioni, S., additional, Marmar, E.S., additional, Martin, Y., additional, Martinelli, L., additional, Matos, F., additional, Maurizio, R., additional, Mayoral, M.-L., additional, Mazon, D., additional, Menkovski, V., additional, Merle, A., additional, Merlo, G., additional, Meyer, H., additional, Mikszuta-Michalik, K., additional, Molina Cabrera, P.A., additional, Morales, J., additional, Moret, J.-M., additional, Moro, A., additional, Moulton, D., additional, Muhammed, H., additional, Myatra, O., additional, Mykytchuk, D., additional, Napoli, F., additional, Nem, R.D., additional, Nielsen, A.H., additional, Nocente, M., additional, Nowak, S., additional, Offeddu, N., additional, Olsen, J., additional, Orsitto, F.P., additional, Pan, O., additional, Papp, G., additional, Pau, A., additional, Perek, A., additional, Pesamosca, F., additional, Peysson, Y., additional, Pigatto, L., additional, Piron, C., additional, Poradzinski, M., additional, Porte, L., additional, Pütterich, T., additional, Rabinski, M., additional, Raj, H., additional, Rasmussen, J.J., additional, Rattá, G.A., additional, Ravensbergen, T., additional, Ricci, D., additional, Ricci, P., additional, Rispoli, N., additional, Riva, F., additional, Rivero-Rodriguez, J.F., additional, Salewski, M., additional, Sauter, O., additional, Schmidt, B.S., additional, Schrittweiser, R., additional, Sharapov, S., additional, Sheikh, U.A., additional, Sieglin, B., additional, Silva, M., additional, Smolders, A., additional, Snicker, A., additional, Sozzi, C., additional, Spolaore, M., additional, Stagni, A., additional, Stipani, L., additional, Sun, G., additional, Tala, T., additional, Tamain, P., additional, Tanaka, K., additional, Tema Biwole, A., additional, Terranova, D., additional, Terry, J.L., additional, Testa, D., additional, Theiler, C., additional, Thornton, A., additional, Thrysøe, A., additional, Torreblanca, H., additional, Tsui, C.K., additional, Vaccaro, D., additional, Vallar, M., additional, van Berkel, M., additional, Van Eester, D., additional, van Kampen, R.J.R., additional, Van Mulders, S., additional, Verhaegh, K., additional, Verhaeghe, T., additional, Vianello, N., additional, Villone, F., additional, Viezzer, E., additional, Vincent, B., additional, Voitsekhovitch, I., additional, Vu, N.M.T., additional, Walkden, N., additional, Wauters, T., additional, Weisen, H., additional, Wendler, N., additional, Wensing, M., additional, Widmer, F., additional, Wiesen, S., additional, Wischmeier, M., additional, Wijkamp, T.A., additional, Wünderlich, D., additional, Wüthrich, C., additional, Yanovskiy, V., additional, Zebrowski, J., additional, and EUROfusion MST1 Team, the, additional

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2022
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