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5. Mineralogy and Leaching of Steel Slag (BOF/LD/Converter steel slag)

Author

van der Laan, Sieger R.

Abstract

Integrated steelworks produce steel from iron-ore. Co-produced are vast amounts of slags in the Blast Furnace process (~200-250 kg slag/ton of metal) and Basic Oxygen Furnace (BOF) process (~100 kg slag/ton of steel). Whereas BF-slag is in high demand for cement use, BOF-slag addition to cement doesn’t create synergy, despite mineralogical similarity. BOF slag mineralogy can be predicted using thermochemical modelling for the multicomponent system CMAFfSP, using FactSage, and petrological observations of BOF slag confirm phenocrysts of Magnesio-Wuestite (Liquidus-phase) followed by alpha-C2S, in a groundmass of co-crystalizing Wuestite, Srebrodolskite (C4AF), C2S and lime. Incorporation of minor constituents (Ti, V, Cr) occurs in Wuestite (Cr) and C2S (V) and C4AF (V, Ti), but cannot be predicted for lack of solid solution models. Cr and V can cause leaching concerns for slag applications. Studying hydration reactions on finely ground BOF slag indicates that hydrogarnet, hydrotalcite, portlandite and CSH-gel tend to form as product and that all primary slag phases contribute in the reaction. The leaching of Vanadium is pH-controlled during C2S dissolution. Application of BOF slag as secondary raw material requires adequate characterization. Grinding BOF slag to cement-fineness can produce a high-strength binder, however, requiring the aid of specific additives. C=CaO; M=MgO; A=Al2O3; F=Fe2O3; f=FeO; S=SiO2; P=P2O5; C2S=Ca2SiO4

Published
2022
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12. Thermodynamic modeling of refractory/mould slag/steel interactions concerning slag crawling

Author

Moosavi-Khoonsari, Elmira, Zinngrebe, Enno, van der Laan, Sieger R., Kalter, Rudi, Mensonides, Fokko, Moosavi-Khoonsari, Elmira, Zinngrebe, Enno, van der Laan, Sieger R., Kalter, Rudi, and Mensonides, Fokko

Abstract

Mold slag crawling down the outside of the submerged entry nozzle (SEN) may occur during continuous casting of steel affecting the SEN port geometry and steel flow patterns in the mold, and leading to defect formation in the final product due to slag accumulations shearing off from the SEN body. There are two possible mechanisms contributing to slag crawling, (a) refractory wetting together with chemical reactions at the refractory – mold slag – steel interface, and (b) liquid steel flow induced drag forces, displacing slag down the SEN. In this work, we applied thermodynamic modeling to study the extent of chemical reactions at the refractory – slag – steel interface using FactSage 7.2 thermochemical software. The modeling was validated by industrial and experimental observations of slag crawling. A finite number of reaction zones was identified at the interface, and it was assumed chemical reactions reach equilibrium in the designated effective reaction zone volumes. The refractory – slag carbothermic reaction, slag – steel exchange reaction, gas back-infiltration into the refractory body, and deposit formation on the SEN, observed in steel continuous casting, were investigated in detail. Thermodynamic insight into interfacial chemical reactions form the basis for successful development of the process kinetic model.

Published
2019

13. Microstructures of mould slag crawling at the SEN during thin slab casting

Author

Zinngrebe, Enno, van Winjngaarden, Mary, Mensonides, Fokko, Kalter, Rudi, van der Laan, Sieger R., Rijnders, Marco, Moosavi-Khoonsari, Elmira, Zinngrebe, Enno, van Winjngaarden, Mary, Mensonides, Fokko, Kalter, Rudi, van der Laan, Sieger R., Rijnders, Marco, and Moosavi-Khoonsari, Elmira

Abstract

Experiments have been performed to investigate the morphology and chemistry of the interaction between mould slag, steel, and SEN refractory that are potentially happening during slag crawling. The experiments were designed to capture the initial stages of the reactions between original reactant partners. It was found that mould slag completely wets the refractory interface to steel, preventing steel-refractory contact. Mould Slag simultaneously reacts with the steel exchanging Si for Al; dissolves alumina from refractory, and undergoes silica reduction by carbon of the refractory. The net effect is that mould slag changes into a mixed silicate-aluminate composition which remains fully liquid and mobile, able to spread out across the submerged surface of the SEN, linking the more reactive parts to the mould slag by intense reaction driven flow.

Published
2019

14. The mineralogy of air granulated converter slag.

Author

Schollbach, Katrin, Ahmed, Muhammad J., and Laan, Sieger R.

Subjects
SLAG, MINERALOGY, STEEL manufacture, BASIC oxygen furnaces, X-ray spectroscopy
Abstract

Converter slag, also known as Basic Oxygen Furnace slag, is a by‐product of steelmaking that is produced in large quantities worldwide. It currently has few applications, because the presence of free lime often prevents the use as aggregate, while the low reactivity makes it undesirable as a cement replacement. Air granulation is a promising way to increase the reactivity of converter slag and enable recycling as a cement replacement and this is the first in‐depth characterization of air granulated steel slag. In this study converter slag was separated into different fractions (0.25‐0.5 mm, 0.5‐1 mm, 1‐2 mm, 2‐4 mm) after air granulation to study the influence of size and therefore cooling speed on its mineralogy. The air granulated slag fractions were characterized using X‐ray fluorescence, quantitative X‐Ray diffraction, large area phase mapping based on scanning electron microscopy and energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy as well as leaching behavior. The results show that the main minerals in air granulated converter slag are the same as in industrially cooled slag, but that additional perovskite was formed, which has not been reported before. All fractions contained large phenocrysts of Ca2SiO4 and Mg‐wuestite surrounded by a dense matrix containing the other minerals. The three largest fractions are very similar to each other in chemical composition and microstructure, while the smallest fraction (0.25‐0.5 mm) contains a higher content of Mg‐wuestite even though the starting composition was the same. Free lime is only present at the detection limit (0.1 ± 0.1 wt%) in all size fractions. The leaching of chromium and vanadium is greatly increased compared to standard cooled converter slag indicating that air granulation results in the greater dissolution of phases containing these elements, which also indicates a greater hydraulic reactivity of granulated slag despite very little amorphous content. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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17. From pole to pole: 33 years of physical oceanography onboard R/V Polarstern

Author

Driemel, A., Fahrbach, E., Rohardt, G., Beszczynska-Möller, A., Boetius, A., Budéus, G., Cisewski, B., Engbrodt, R., Gauger, S., Geibert, W., Geprägs, P., Gerdes, D., Gersonde, R., Gordon, A.L., Grobe, H., Hellmer, H.H., Isla, E., Jacobs, S., Janout, M., Jokat, W., Klages, M., Kuhn, G., Meincke, J., Ober, S., Østerhus, S., Peterson, R.G., Rabe, B., Rudels, B., Schauer, U., Schröder, M., Schumacher, S., Sieger, R., Sildam, J., Soltwedel, T., Stangeew, E., Stein, M., Strass, V.H., Thiede, J., Tippenhauer, S., Veth, C., von Appen, W.-J., Weirig, M.-F., Wisotzki, A., Wolf-Gladrow, D.A., and Kanzow, T.

Abstract

Measuring temperature and salinity profiles in the world’s oceans is crucial to understanding oceandynamics and its influence on the heat budget, the water cycle, the marine environment and on our climate.Since 1983 the German research vessel and icebreaker Polarstern has been the platform of numerous CTD (conductivity,temperature, depth instrument) deployments in the Arctic and the Antarctic. We report on a uniquedata collection spanning 33 years of polar CTD data. In total 131 data sets (1 data set per cruise leg) containingdata from 10 063 CTD casts are now freely available at doi:10.1594/PANGAEA.860066. During this longperiod five CTD types with different characteristics and accuracies have been used. Therefore the instrumentsand processing procedures (sensor calibration, data validation, etc.) are described in detail. This compilation isspecial not only with regard to the quantity but also the quality of the data – the latter indicated for each dataset using defined quality codes. The complete data collection includes a number of repeated sections for whichthe quality code can be used to investigate and evaluate long-term changes. Beginning with 2010, the salinitymeasurements presented here are of the highest quality possible in this field owing to the introduction of theOPTIMARE Precision Salinometer.

Published
2017

22. A chemical and mineralogical reconstruction of Zn-smelter emissions in the Kempen region (Belgium), based on organic pool sediment cores

Author

Jurian Hoogewerff, Jaco Vangronsveld, Sieger R. van der Laan, and Jeroen E. Sonke

Subjects
Pollution, Environmental Engineering, Peat, media_common.quotation_subject, Mineralogy, Soil, Belgium, Environmental Chemistry, Organic Chemicals, Waste Management and Disposal, Netherlands, Isotope analysis, media_common, Pollutant, Air Pollutants, Minerals, Geography, Sediment, History, 20th Century, Anoxic waters, Diagenesis, Zinc, Lead, Environmental chemistry, Metallurgy, Smelting, Microscopy, Electron, Scanning, Geology, Cadmium, Environmental Monitoring
Abstract

The atmospheric pollution history of a former Belgian Zn-smelter complex is preserved in organic sediments of a nearby peat bog pool. The stratigraphy of trace metals, Pb-isotope ratios and mineralogy indicate extreme heavy metal pollution in recent sediments. In the pollutant trend, extremes coincide with maxima in 20th century metal production, minima during major war conflicts and the final shutdown of the smelter. Peak pollution concentrations measure up to 4.7 wt.% Zn, 1.1 wt.% Pb and 0.1 wt.% Cd, which correspond to calculated atmospheric deposition rates of 9.0, 1.6 and 0.16 g m(-2) yr(-1), respectively. 206Pb/207Pb isotope ratios show higher values in the polluted interval (1.135-1.162) relative to local geogenic values deeper down-core (1.194-1.215). Within the polluted interval, three significantly different 208Pb/206Pb plateaus are recognized and suggested to indicate changes in the origins of processed ores. Microprobe analyses on sediment thin sections show extensive in situ FeS2 and ZnS precipitation, which suggests that anoxic processes are responsible for the immobilization of the atmospheric metal inputs. The occurrence of oxidized smelter dusts in an independent surface soil sample indicates a rapid diagenetic transformation of metal oxides into sulfides. Morphology and chemical characteristics allow the distinction between smelter related and diagenetic mineral deposits, and give evidence for dust from open-air ore repositories, as well as smelter operation without dust filters.

Published
2002
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23. A multi-decade record of high-quality fCO2 data in version 3 of the Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT)

Author

Bakker, D.C.E., Pfeil, B., Landa, C.S., Metzl, N., O'Brien, K.M., Olsen, A., Smith, K., Cosca, C., Harasawa, S., Jones, S.D., Nakaoka, S., Nojiri, Y., Schuster, U., Steinhoff, T., Sweeney, C., Takahashi, T., Tilbrook, B., Wada, C., Wanninkhof, R., Alin, S.R., Balestrini, C.F., Barbero, L., Bates, N.R., Bianchi, A.A., Bonou, F., Boutin, J., Bozec, Y., Burger, E.F., Cai, W.-J., Castle, R.D., Chen, L., Chierici, M., Currie, K., Evans, W., Featherstone, C., Feely, R.A., Fransson, A., Goyet, C., Greenwood, N., Gregor, L., Hankin, S., Hardman-Mountford, N.J., Harlay, J., Hauck, J., Hoppema, M., Humphreys, M.P., Hunt, C.W., Huss, B., Ibánhez, J.S.P., Johannessen, T., Keeling, R., Kitidis, V., Kortzinger, A., Kozyr, A., Krasakopoulou, E., Kuwata, A., Landschützer, P., Lauvset, S.K., Lefèvre, N., Monaco, C.L., Manke, A., Mathis, J.T., Merlivat, L., Millero, F.J., Monteiro, P.M.S., Munro, D.R., Murata, A., Newberger, T., Omar, A.M., Ono, T., Paterson, K., Pearce, D., Pierrot, D., Robbins, L.L., Saito, S., Salisbury, J., Schlitzer, R., Schneider, B., Schweitzer, R., Sieger, R., Skjelvan, I., Sullivan, K.F., Sutherland, S.C., Sutton, A.J., Tadokoro, K., Telszewski, M., Tuma, M., van Heuven, S.M.A.C., Vandemark, D., Ward, B., Watson, A.J., Xu, S., Bakker, D.C.E., Pfeil, B., Landa, C.S., Metzl, N., O'Brien, K.M., Olsen, A., Smith, K., Cosca, C., Harasawa, S., Jones, S.D., Nakaoka, S., Nojiri, Y., Schuster, U., Steinhoff, T., Sweeney, C., Takahashi, T., Tilbrook, B., Wada, C., Wanninkhof, R., Alin, S.R., Balestrini, C.F., Barbero, L., Bates, N.R., Bianchi, A.A., Bonou, F., Boutin, J., Bozec, Y., Burger, E.F., Cai, W.-J., Castle, R.D., Chen, L., Chierici, M., Currie, K., Evans, W., Featherstone, C., Feely, R.A., Fransson, A., Goyet, C., Greenwood, N., Gregor, L., Hankin, S., Hardman-Mountford, N.J., Harlay, J., Hauck, J., Hoppema, M., Humphreys, M.P., Hunt, C.W., Huss, B., Ibánhez, J.S.P., Johannessen, T., Keeling, R., Kitidis, V., Kortzinger, A., Kozyr, A., Krasakopoulou, E., Kuwata, A., Landschützer, P., Lauvset, S.K., Lefèvre, N., Monaco, C.L., Manke, A., Mathis, J.T., Merlivat, L., Millero, F.J., Monteiro, P.M.S., Munro, D.R., Murata, A., Newberger, T., Omar, A.M., Ono, T., Paterson, K., Pearce, D., Pierrot, D., Robbins, L.L., Saito, S., Salisbury, J., Schlitzer, R., Schneider, B., Schweitzer, R., Sieger, R., Skjelvan, I., Sullivan, K.F., Sutherland, S.C., Sutton, A.J., Tadokoro, K., Telszewski, M., Tuma, M., van Heuven, S.M.A.C., Vandemark, D., Ward, B., Watson, A.J., and Xu, S.

Abstract

The Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT) is a synthesis of quality-controlled fCO2 (fugacity of carbon dioxide) values for the global surface oceans and coastal seas with regular updates. Version 3 of SOCAT has 14.7 million fCO2 values from 3646 data sets covering the years 1957 to 2014. This latest version has an additional 4.6 million fCO2 values relative to version 2 and extends the record from 2011 to 2014. Version 3 also significantly increases the data availability for 2005 to 2013. SOCAT has an average of approximately 1.2 million surface water fCO2 values per year for the years 2006 to 2012. Quality and documentation of the data has improved. A new feature is the data set quality control (QC) flag of E for data from alternative sensors and platforms. The accuracy of surface water fCO2 has been defined for all data set QC flags. Automated range checking has been carried out for all data sets during their upload into SOCAT. The upgrade of the interactive Data Set Viewer (previously known as the Cruise Data Viewer) allows better interrogation of the SOCAT data collection and rapid creation of high-quality figures for scientific presentations. Automated data upload has been launched for version 4 and will enable more frequent SOCAT releases in the future. High-profile scientific applications of SOCAT include quantification of the ocean sink for atmospheric carbon dioxide and its long-term variation, detection of ocean acidification, as well as evaluation of coupled-climate and ocean-only biogeochemical models. Users of SOCAT data products are urged to acknowledge the contribution of data providers, as stated in the SOCAT Fair Data Use Statement. This ESSD (Earth System Science Data) "living data" publication documents the methods and data sets used for the assembly of this new version of the SOCAT data collection and compares these with those used for ea

Published
2016

25. Raman Spectroscopy of Oxide Glasses at High Pressure and High Temperature

Author

Shiv K. Sharma, Sieger R. van der Laan, and Zifu Wang

Subjects
Relative intensity, Silicon, Oxide, Analytical chemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, chemistry.chemical_compound, symbols.namesake, Molecular geometry, chemistry, High pressure, symbols, General Materials Science, Spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, Ambient pressure
Abstract

Multi-channel confocal micro-Raman spectroscopy was used to investigate the structure of K2Si4O9 and hydrous NaAlSi3O8 (H-Ab) glasses at high pressure (⩽15.2 GPa) and room temperature, and at ambient pressure and high temperature (⩽1246 K). The high-pressure and high-temperature data have provided insights into the structures of these glasses. For K2Si4O9 glass, the observed increase in the relative intensity of the 592 cm−1D2 ‘defects’ band above 3.8 GPa and above Tg at 1 atm indicate that Si—O—Si linkages with small bond angles, similar to those found in three-membered rings, contribute to the D2 band. Pressure and temperature dependences of the Raman bands of K2Si4O9 glass in the 900–1200 cm−1 region indicate that a significant amount of five- and sixfold coordinated silicon atoms occurs only at P⩾7.7 GPa. Raman spectra of H-Ab glass were measured in both the low-wavenumber (100–1200 cm−1) and the O–H stretching (2700–3800 cm−1) regions. At 1 atm, the spectrum of H-Ab glass shows a broad band near 900 cm−1 and a doublet consisting of broad bands near 1000 and 1100 cm−1. The pressure and temperature dependences of the intensities of the 900 and 1000 cm−1 bands indicate that the 900, 1000 and 1100 cm−1 bands of H-Ab glass result from distorted TO4 (T=Si or Al) tetrahedra, in which the usual triple degeneracy of the antisymmetric stretching mode is lifted. In the O–H stretching region of the H-Ab glass, the presence of numerous hydrated species (e.g. OH−, H3O+and H2O) is indicated by the splitting of the broad 3548 cm−1asymmetric band into two bands at 2.1 GPa with peaks at 3481 and 3562 cm−1, and by their respective shifts in the negative and positive directions with increasing pressure.

Published
1996
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26. An update to the surface ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT version 2)

Author

Bakker, Dorothee, Pfeil, B., Smith, K, Hankin, S., Olsen, A, Alin, S. R., Cosca, C., Harasawa, S, Kozyr, A., Nojiri, Y., O'Brien, M, Schuster, Ute, Telszewski, Maciej, Tilbrook, B., Wada, C, Akl, J., Barbero, L, Bates, N., Boutin, J., Cai, W.-J., Castle, RD, Chavez, F. P., Chen, L, Chierici, M, Currie, K, de Baar, HJW, Evans, W., Feely, RA, Fransson, A, Gao, Z, Hales, B., Hardman-Mountford, N., Hoppema, M., Huang, W, Hunt, C. W., huss, b, Ichikawa, T, Johannessen, T., Jones, EM, Jones, S., Jutterstrom, Sara, Kitidis, V, Kortzinger, A, Lauvset, S. K., Lefevre, N, Manke, A., Mathis, T, Merlivat, L., Metzl, N., Murata, A., Newburger, T, Ono, T, Park, G.-H., Paterson, K., Pierrot, D., Rios, AF, Sabine, C. L., Saito, S, Salisbury, J., Sarma, V. V. S. S., Schlitzer, R., Sieger, R., Skjelvan, I., Steinhoff, T., Sullivan, K, Sun, H, Sutton, AJ, Suzuki, T., Sweeney, C, Takahashi, T., Tjiputra, J., Tsurushima, N, van Heuven, S.M.A.C, Vandemark, D., Vlahos, P, Wallace, D, Wanninkhof, R, and Watson, A. J.

Published
2013

27. Comparison of element and isotope diffusion of K and Ca in multicomponent silicate melts

Author

Allen K. Kennedy, Sieger R. van der Laan, Peter J. Wyllie, and Youxue Zhang

Subjects
Isotope, Potassium, Oxide, Analytical chemistry, Mineralogy, chemistry.chemical_element, Thermal diffusivity, Homogenization (chemistry), Silicate, chemistry.chemical_compound, Geophysics, chemistry, Space and Planetary Science, Geochemistry and Petrology, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), Experimental work, Diffusion (business), Geology
Abstract

Recent experimental work has shown that the homogenization of elemental concentrations can be much slower than that of isotopic ratios when there are strong concentration gradients in SiO_2 and Al_2O_3. The ramifications of this result for magma homogenization and other petrological problems related to diffusion are significant. We report here a comparison of experimental profiles of elemental concentrations and isotopic fractions of K and Ca in rhyolite-andesite (large concentration gradients) and rhyolite-rhyolite (small concentration gradients) melt couples. When the concentration profile and the isotopic profile of the same element in a single couple are compared, the former is much shorter than the latter in the rhyolite-andesite couple, consistent with other recent studies. However, the lengths of both concentration and isotopic profiles are similar in the rhyolite-rhyolite couple. Therefore, diffusion of an element or oxide may be decoupled from or coupled with isotopic ‘diffusion’, depending on whether large concentration gradients of major components are present. When the two couples are compared, the intrinsic effective binary diffusivities obtained from isotopic profiles are similar for each element in the two couples, whereas the effective binary diffusivity of K obtained from the concentration profile in the rhyolite-rhyolite couple is 37 times that in the rhyolite-andesite couple. Therefore, isotopic homogenization is roughly independent of elemental homogenization and the presence of SiO_2, Al_2O_3, and other concentration gradients, whereas elemental homogenization is strongly affected by concentration gradients. Our experimental data (isotopic and concentration profiles including uphill diffusion profiles) can be modeled quantitatively to a good approximation using a modified effective binary diffusion model in which the flux of a component is assumed to be proportional to its activity gradient instead of its concentration gradient. Therefore, the multicomponent diffusion effect in the silicate systems of our experiments seems to be largely due to contributions of non-ideal mixing to the cross-terms of the diffusivity matrix.

Published
1994
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28. Experimental Interaction of Granitic and Basaltic Magmas and Implications for Mafic Enclaves

Author

Peter J. Wyllie and Sieger R. van der Laan

Subjects
Basalt, Mineral, Pluton, Diffusion, Analytical chemistry, Mineralogy, engineering.material, Geophysics, Geochemistry and Petrology, Magma, engineering, Plagioclase, Mafic, Geology, Amphibole
Abstract

We have performed time series experiments for periods ranging from 3 min to 44 h on the interaction of granite melt and partially molten basalt at 920°C and 10 kbar, in the presence of 5 wt.% water. With time, the assemblage of the basalt domain changes from predominantly amphibole+plagioclase to clinopyroxene+garnet; the melt fraction increases from ˜2⋅5 to 40%; and between the two domains, the melt compositions progressively equilibrate. Initially in each run, melts of the basalt domain have uniform plateau concentrations for SiO_2, Al_2O_3, CaO, MgO, and FeO because the activities of these components are regulated by the mineral assemblage, but at advanced stages of reaction, no such control is evident. We have derived analytical expressions to describe and simulate the diffusion profiles. The concentration profiles for SiO_2, Al_2O_3, CaO, and Na_2O in the granite, emanating from the basalt–granite interface, have been used to estimate effective diffusivities. The values from the shorter runs are compared with those of the experiment of longest duration for which we assumed finite couples in our calculations. In the diffusion calculations for K2O the difference in melt fraction between the two domains is accounted for. The resulting values (in cm^2/s) are: D_(Na_2O)=6 × 10^(–7), D_(K_2O)=3 × 10^(–7), D_(MgO)=9 × 10^(–8), D_(CaO)=(4–6) × 10^(–8), and D_(SiO_2) and D_(Al_2O_3)=(3–0⋅6) × 10^(–8). They are in reasonable agreement with values from other studies. On the basis of our experiments we calculate that mafic enclaves of magmatic origin should equilibrate to a large degree with their host magma in slowly cooling non-convecting granitic plutons. Enclaves approaching complete re-equilibration retain distinctly higher modal amounts of mafic minerals. They do not compositionally resemble binary magma mixtures, but are more like host magma with accumulated crystals. We show that the modal differences between enclave and host are indicative of the temperature of homogenization and that, in principle, this temperature can be deduced from equilibrium phase diagrams.

Published
1993
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29. The Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT) enables detection of changes in the ocean carbon sink

Author

Bakker, D. C. E., Pfeil, B., Smith, K., Hankin, S., Olsen, A., Alin, S. R., Cosca, C., Harasawa, S., Kozyr, A., Nojiri, Y., O'Brien, K. M., Schuster, U., Telszewski, M., Tilbrook, B., Wada, C., Akl, J., Barbero, L., Bates, N.R., Boutin, J., Bozec, Y., Cai, W.-J., Castle, R.D., Chavez, F. P., Chen, L., Chierici, M., Currie, K., de Baar, H.J.W., Evans, W., Feely, R.A., Fransson, A., Gao, Z., Hales, B., Hardman-Mountford, N.J., Hoppema, Mario, Huang, W.-J., Hunt, C. W., Huss, B., Ichikawa, T., Johannessen, T., Jones, E. M., Jones, S.D., Jutterström, S., Kitidis, V., Körtzinger, A., Landschϋtzer, P., Lauvset, S. K., Lefèvre, N., Manke, A. B., Mathis, J.T., Merlivat, L., Metzl, N., Murata, A., Newberger, T., Omar, A.M., Ono, T., Park, G.-H., Paterson, K., Pierrot, D., Ríos,, A.F., Sabine, C.L., Saito, S., Salisbury, J., Sarma, V. V. S. S., Schlitzer, Reiner, Sieger, R., Skjelvan, I., Steinhoff, T., Sullivan, K.F., Sun, H., Sutton, A.J., Suzuki, T., Sweeney, C., Takahashi, T., Tjiputra, J., Tsurushima, N., Van Heuven, S. M. A. C., Vandemark, D., Vlahos, P., Wallace, D. W. R., Wanninkhof, R., Watson, A. J., Bakker, D. C. E., Pfeil, B., Smith, K., Hankin, S., Olsen, A., Alin, S. R., Cosca, C., Harasawa, S., Kozyr, A., Nojiri, Y., O'Brien, K. M., Schuster, U., Telszewski, M., Tilbrook, B., Wada, C., Akl, J., Barbero, L., Bates, N.R., Boutin, J., Bozec, Y., Cai, W.-J., Castle, R.D., Chavez, F. P., Chen, L., Chierici, M., Currie, K., de Baar, H.J.W., Evans, W., Feely, R.A., Fransson, A., Gao, Z., Hales, B., Hardman-Mountford, N.J., Hoppema, Mario, Huang, W.-J., Hunt, C. W., Huss, B., Ichikawa, T., Johannessen, T., Jones, E. M., Jones, S.D., Jutterström, S., Kitidis, V., Körtzinger, A., Landschϋtzer, P., Lauvset, S. K., Lefèvre, N., Manke, A. B., Mathis, J.T., Merlivat, L., Metzl, N., Murata, A., Newberger, T., Omar, A.M., Ono, T., Park, G.-H., Paterson, K., Pierrot, D., Ríos,, A.F., Sabine, C.L., Saito, S., Salisbury, J., Sarma, V. V. S. S., Schlitzer, Reiner, Sieger, R., Skjelvan, I., Steinhoff, T., Sullivan, K.F., Sun, H., Sutton, A.J., Suzuki, T., Sweeney, C., Takahashi, T., Tjiputra, J., Tsurushima, N., Van Heuven, S. M. A. C., Vandemark, D., Vlahos, P., Wallace, D. W. R., Wanninkhof, R., and Watson, A. J.

Published
2015

33. Constraints on Archean Trondhjemite Genesis from Hydrous Crystallization Experiments on Nûk Gneiss at 10-17 Kbar

Author

Sieger R. van der Laan and Peter J. Wyllie

Subjects
Felsic, engineering, Geochemistry, Plagioclase, Geology, Epidote, Pyroxene, Liquidus, engineering.material, Mafic, Gneiss, Hornblende
Abstract

We present crystallization experiments on Archean Nuk gneiss from West Greenland, and relate these to conditions for early continental crustal genesis. The studied composition is a trondhjemite from a voluminous felsic intrusive phase dated at 2,800-3,000 m.y. In a detailed set of experiments at 10 kbar, the liquidus mineralogy is observed to change with increasing water content from plagioclase above 1000°C and 7 wt % water. Water saturation of the melt occurs with 10.5 wt % water at 800°C. Mafic liquidus minerals at 15 kbar differ from those at 10 kbar in that garnet replaces pyroxene, and that epidote replaces hornblende below 690°C at >13 wt % water and at water saturation (15.5 wt %). Garnet crystallization is never observed at pressures below 13 kbar. Using additional experiments at 12.5, 13, and 17 kbar, the liquidus phase variation for trondhjemite with water is accurately defined between 8-18 kb...

Published
1992
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34. An update to the Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT version 2)

Author

Bakker, D. C. E., Pfeil, B., Smith, K., Hankin, S., Olsen, A., Alin, S. R., Cosca, C., Harasawa, S., Kozyr, A., Nojiri, Y., O'Brien, K. M., Schuster, U., Telszewski, M., Tilbrook, B., Wada, C., Akl, J., Barbero, L., Bates, N. R., Boutin, J., Bozec, Y., Cai, W. -j., Castle, R. D., Chavez, F. P., Chen, L., Chierici, M., Currie, K., De Baar, H. J. W., Evans, W., Feely, R. A., Fransson, A., Gao, Z., Hales, B., Hardman-mountford, N. J., Hoppema, M., Huang, W. -j., Hunt, C. W., Huss, B., Ichikawa, T., Johannessen, T., Jones, E. M., Jones, S. D., Jutterstrom, S., Kitidis, V., Koertzinger, A., Landschuetzer, P., Lauvset, S. K., Lefevre, N., Manke, A. B., Mathis, J. T., Merlivat, L., Metzl, N., Murata, A., Newberger, T., Omar, A. M., Ono, T., Park, G. -h., Paterson, K., Pierrot, D., Rios, A. F., Sabine, C. L., Saito, S., Salisbury, J., Sarma, V. V. S. S., Schlitzer, R., Sieger, R., Skjelvan, I., Steinhoff, T., Sullivan, K. F., Sun, H., Sutton, A. J., Suzuki, T., Sweeney, C., Takahashi, T., Tjiputra, J., Tsurushima, N., Van Heuven, S. M. A. C., Vandemark, D., Vlahos, P., Wallace, D. W. R., Wanninkhof, R., Watson, A. J., Bakker, D. C. E., Pfeil, B., Smith, K., Hankin, S., Olsen, A., Alin, S. R., Cosca, C., Harasawa, S., Kozyr, A., Nojiri, Y., O'Brien, K. M., Schuster, U., Telszewski, M., Tilbrook, B., Wada, C., Akl, J., Barbero, L., Bates, N. R., Boutin, J., Bozec, Y., Cai, W. -j., Castle, R. D., Chavez, F. P., Chen, L., Chierici, M., Currie, K., De Baar, H. J. W., Evans, W., Feely, R. A., Fransson, A., Gao, Z., Hales, B., Hardman-mountford, N. J., Hoppema, M., Huang, W. -j., Hunt, C. W., Huss, B., Ichikawa, T., Johannessen, T., Jones, E. M., Jones, S. D., Jutterstrom, S., Kitidis, V., Koertzinger, A., Landschuetzer, P., Lauvset, S. K., Lefevre, N., Manke, A. B., Mathis, J. T., Merlivat, L., Metzl, N., Murata, A., Newberger, T., Omar, A. M., Ono, T., Park, G. -h., Paterson, K., Pierrot, D., Rios, A. F., Sabine, C. L., Saito, S., Salisbury, J., Sarma, V. V. S. S., Schlitzer, R., Sieger, R., Skjelvan, I., Steinhoff, T., Sullivan, K. F., Sun, H., Sutton, A. J., Suzuki, T., Sweeney, C., Takahashi, T., Tjiputra, J., Tsurushima, N., Van Heuven, S. M. A. C., Vandemark, D., Vlahos, P., Wallace, D. W. R., Wanninkhof, R., and Watson, A. J.

Abstract

The Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT), an activity of the international marine carbon research community, provides access to synthesis and gridded fCO(2) (fugacity of carbon dioxide) products for the surface oceans. Version 2 of SOCAT is an update of the previous release (version 1) with more data (increased from 6.3 million to 10.1 million surface water fCO(2) values) and extended data coverage (from 1968-2007 to 1968-2011). The quality control criteria, while identical in both versions, have been applied more strictly in version 2 than in version 1. The SOCAT website (http://www.socat.info/) has links to quality control comments, metadata, individual data set files, and synthesis and gridded data products. Interactive online tools allow visitors to explore the richness of the data. Applications of SOCAT include process studies, quantification of the ocean carbon sink and its spatial, seasonal, year-to-year and longer-term variation, as well as initialisation or validation of ocean carbon models and coupled climate-carbon models.

Published
2014
Full Text
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35. An update to the Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT version 2)

Author

Bakker, D.C.E., Pfeil, B., Smith, K., Hankin, S., Olsen, A., Alin, S.R., Cosca, C., Harasawa, S., Kozyr, A., Nojiri, Y., O'Brien, K.M., Schuster, U., Telszewski, M., Tilbrook, B., Wada, C., Akl, J., Barbero, L., Bates, N.R., Boutin, J., Bozec, Y., Cai, W.-J., Castle, R.D., Chavez, F.P., Chen, L., Chierici, M., Currie, K., de Baar, H.J.W., Evans, W., Feely, R.A., Fransson, A., Gao, Z., Hales, B., Hardman-Mountford, N.J., Hoppema, M., Huang, W.-J., Hunt, C.W., Huss, B., Ichikawa, T., Johannessen, T., Jones, E.M., Jones, S.D., Jutterström, S., Kitidis, V., Körtzinger, A., Landschützer, P., Lauvset, S.K., Lefèvre, N., Manke, A.B., Mathis, J.T., Merlivat, L., Metzl, N., Murata, A., Newberger, T., Omar, A.M., Ono, T., Park, G.-H., Paterson, K., Pierrot, D., Rios, A.F., Sabine, C.L., Saito, S., Salisbury, J., Sarma, V.V.S.S., Schlitzer, R., Sieger, R., Skjelvan, I., Steinhoff, T., Sullivan, K.F., Sun, H., Sutton, A.J., Suzuki, T., Sweeney, C., Takahashi, T., Tjiputra, J., Tsurushima, N., van Heuven, S.M.A.C., Vandemark, D., Vlahos, P., Wallace, D.W.R., Wanninkhof, R., Watson, A.J., Bakker, D.C.E., Pfeil, B., Smith, K., Hankin, S., Olsen, A., Alin, S.R., Cosca, C., Harasawa, S., Kozyr, A., Nojiri, Y., O'Brien, K.M., Schuster, U., Telszewski, M., Tilbrook, B., Wada, C., Akl, J., Barbero, L., Bates, N.R., Boutin, J., Bozec, Y., Cai, W.-J., Castle, R.D., Chavez, F.P., Chen, L., Chierici, M., Currie, K., de Baar, H.J.W., Evans, W., Feely, R.A., Fransson, A., Gao, Z., Hales, B., Hardman-Mountford, N.J., Hoppema, M., Huang, W.-J., Hunt, C.W., Huss, B., Ichikawa, T., Johannessen, T., Jones, E.M., Jones, S.D., Jutterström, S., Kitidis, V., Körtzinger, A., Landschützer, P., Lauvset, S.K., Lefèvre, N., Manke, A.B., Mathis, J.T., Merlivat, L., Metzl, N., Murata, A., Newberger, T., Omar, A.M., Ono, T., Park, G.-H., Paterson, K., Pierrot, D., Rios, A.F., Sabine, C.L., Saito, S., Salisbury, J., Sarma, V.V.S.S., Schlitzer, R., Sieger, R., Skjelvan, I., Steinhoff, T., Sullivan, K.F., Sun, H., Sutton, A.J., Suzuki, T., Sweeney, C., Takahashi, T., Tjiputra, J., Tsurushima, N., van Heuven, S.M.A.C., Vandemark, D., Vlahos, P., Wallace, D.W.R., Wanninkhof, R., and Watson, A.J.

Abstract

The Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT), an activity of the international marine carbon research community, provides access to synthesis and gridded fCO2 (fugacity of carbon dioxide) products for the surface oceans. Version 2 of SOCAT is an update of the previous release (version 1) with more data (increased from 6.3 million to 10.1 million surface water fCO2 values) and extended data coverage (from 1968–2007 to 1968–2011). The quality control criteria, while identical in both versions, have been applied more strictly in version 2 than in version 1. The SOCAT website has links to quality control comments, metadata, individual data set files, and synthesis and gridded data products. Interactive online tools allow visitors to explore the richness of the data. Applications of SOCAT include process studies, quantification of the ocean carbon sink and its spatial, seasonal, year-to-year and longerterm variation, as well as initialisation or validation of ocean carbon models and coupled climate-carbon models.

Published
2014

36. An update to the Surface Ocean CO<sub>2</sub> Atlas (SOCAT version 2)

Author

Bakker, D. C. E., primary, Pfeil, B., additional, Smith, K., additional, Hankin, S., additional, Olsen, A., additional, Alin, S. R., additional, Cosca, C., additional, Harasawa, S., additional, Kozyr, A., additional, Nojiri, Y., additional, O'Brien, K. M., additional, Schuster, U., additional, Telszewski, M., additional, Tilbrook, B., additional, Wada, C., additional, Akl, J., additional, Barbero, L., additional, Bates, N. R., additional, Boutin, J., additional, Bozec, Y., additional, Cai, W.-J., additional, Castle, R. D., additional, Chavez, F. P., additional, Chen, L., additional, Chierici, M., additional, Currie, K., additional, de Baar, H. J. W., additional, Evans, W., additional, Feely, R. A., additional, Fransson, A., additional, Gao, Z., additional, Hales, B., additional, Hardman-Mountford, N. J., additional, Hoppema, M., additional, Huang, W.-J., additional, Hunt, C. W., additional, Huss, B., additional, Ichikawa, T., additional, Johannessen, T., additional, Jones, E. M., additional, Jones, S. D., additional, Jutterström, S., additional, Kitidis, V., additional, Körtzinger, A., additional, Landschützer, P., additional, Lauvset, S. K., additional, Lefèvre, N., additional, Manke, A. B., additional, Mathis, J. T., additional, Merlivat, L., additional, Metzl, N., additional, Murata, A., additional, Newberger, T., additional, Omar, A. M., additional, Ono, T., additional, Park, G.-H., additional, Paterson, K., additional, Pierrot, D., additional, Ríos, A. F., additional, Sabine, C. L., additional, Saito, S., additional, Salisbury, J., additional, Sarma, V. V. S. S., additional, Schlitzer, R., additional, Sieger, R., additional, Skjelvan, I., additional, Steinhoff, T., additional, Sullivan, K. F., additional, Sun, H., additional, Sutton, A. J., additional, Suzuki, T., additional, Sweeney, C., additional, Takahashi, T., additional, Tjiputra, J., additional, Tsurushima, N., additional, van Heuven, S. M. A. C., additional, Vandemark, D., additional, Vlahos, P., additional, Wallace, D. W. R., additional, Wanninkhof, R., additional, and Watson, A. J., additional

Published
2014
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37. Experimental data for a proposed empirical igneous geobarometer: aluminum in hornblende at 10kbar pressure

Author

Rutter, Michael J., Van der Laan, Sieger R., and Wyllie, Peter J.

Subjects
Aluminum -- Environmental aspects, Rocks, Igneous -- Environmental aspects, Pressure gages -- Testing, Hornblende -- Composition, Earth sciences
Abstract

Knowledge of the depth of solidification of calc-alkalic plutons is critical to understanding and unraveling the complex spatial, temporal, and chemical evolution of orogenic belts. An empirical geobarometer has recently been proposed based on the total A1 content ([A1.sub.T]) of near-solidus calcic hornblendes in tonalite and granodiorite intrusive rocks in the pressure range

Published
1989

38. A uniform, quality controlled Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT)

Author

Pfeil, B., Olsen, A., Bakker, D. C. E., Hankin, S., Koyuk, H., Kozyr, A., Malczyk, J., Manke, A., Metzl, N., Sabine, C. L., Akl, J., Alin, S. R., Bellerby, R. G. J., Borges, A., Boutin, J., Brown, P. J., Cai, W.-J., Chavez, F. P., Chen, A., Cosca, C., Fassbender, A. J., Feely, R. A., González-Dávila, M., Goyet, C., Hardman-Mountford, N., Heinze, C., Hood, M., Hoppema, M., Hunt, C. W., Hydes, D., Ishii, M., Johannessen, T., Jones, S. D., Key, R. M., Körtzinger, A., Landschützer, P., Lauvset, S. K., Lefèvre, N., Lenton, A., Lourantou, A., Merlivat, L., Midorikawa, T., Mintrop, L., Miyazaki, C., Murata, A., Nakadate, A., Nakano, Y., Nakaoka, S., Nojiri, Y., Omar, A. M., Padin, X. A., Park, G.-H., Paterson, K., Perez, F. F., Pierrot, D., Poisson, A., Ríos, A. F., Santana-Casiano, J. M., Salisbury, J., Sarma, V. V. S. S., Schlitzer, R., Schneider, B., Schuster, U., Sieger, R., Skjelvan, I., Steinhoff, Tobias, Suzuki, T., Takahashi, T., Tedesco, K., Telszewski, M., Thomas, H., Tilbrook, B., Tjiputra, J., Vandemark, D., Veness, T., Wanninkhof, R., Watson, A. J., Weiss, R., Wong, C. S., Yoshikawa-Inoue, H., Pfeil, B., Olsen, A., Bakker, D. C. E., Hankin, S., Koyuk, H., Kozyr, A., Malczyk, J., Manke, A., Metzl, N., Sabine, C. L., Akl, J., Alin, S. R., Bellerby, R. G. J., Borges, A., Boutin, J., Brown, P. J., Cai, W.-J., Chavez, F. P., Chen, A., Cosca, C., Fassbender, A. J., Feely, R. A., González-Dávila, M., Goyet, C., Hardman-Mountford, N., Heinze, C., Hood, M., Hoppema, M., Hunt, C. W., Hydes, D., Ishii, M., Johannessen, T., Jones, S. D., Key, R. M., Körtzinger, A., Landschützer, P., Lauvset, S. K., Lefèvre, N., Lenton, A., Lourantou, A., Merlivat, L., Midorikawa, T., Mintrop, L., Miyazaki, C., Murata, A., Nakadate, A., Nakano, Y., Nakaoka, S., Nojiri, Y., Omar, A. M., Padin, X. A., Park, G.-H., Paterson, K., Perez, F. F., Pierrot, D., Poisson, A., Ríos, A. F., Santana-Casiano, J. M., Salisbury, J., Sarma, V. V. S. S., Schlitzer, R., Schneider, B., Schuster, U., Sieger, R., Skjelvan, I., Steinhoff, Tobias, Suzuki, T., Takahashi, T., Tedesco, K., Telszewski, M., Thomas, H., Tilbrook, B., Tjiputra, J., Vandemark, D., Veness, T., Wanninkhof, R., Watson, A. J., Weiss, R., Wong, C. S., and Yoshikawa-Inoue, H.

Abstract

A well documented, publicly available, global data set of surface ocean carbon dioxide (CO2) parameters has been called for by international groups for nearly two decades. The Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT) project was initiated by the international marine carbon science community in 2007 with the aim of providing a comprehensive, publicly available, regularly updated, global data set of marine surface CO2, which had been subject to quality control (QC). Many additional CO2 data, not yet made public via the Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center (CDIAC), were retrieved from data originators, public websites and other data centres. All data were put in a uniform format following a strict protocol. Quality control was carried out according to clearly defined criteria. Regional specialists performed the quality control, using state-of-the-art web-based tools, specially developed for accomplishing this global team effort. SOCAT version 1.5 was made public in September 2011 and holds 6.3 million quality controlled surface CO2 data points from the global oceans and coastal seas, spanning four decades (1968–2007). Three types of data products are available: individual cruise files, a merged complete data set and gridded products. With the rapid expansion of marine CO2 data collection and the importance of quantifying net global oceanic CO2 uptake and its changes, sustained data synthesis and data access are priorities

Published
2013

39. Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT) Gridded Data Products

Author

Sabine, C. L., Hankin, S., Koyuk, H., Bakker, D. C. E., Pfeil, B., Olsen, A., Metzl, N., Kozyr, A., Fassbender, A., Manke, A., Malczyk, J., Akl, J., Alin, S. R., Bellerby, R. G. J., Borges, A., Boutin, J., Brown, P. J., Cai, W. -j., Chavez, F. P., Chen, A., Cosca, C., Feely, R. A., Gonzalez-davila, M., Goyet, C., Hardman-mountford, N., Heinze, C., Hoppema, M., Hunt, C. W., Hydes, D., Ishii, M., Johannessen, T., Key, R. M., Koertzinger, A., Landschuetzer, P., Lauvset, S. K., Lefevre, N., Lenton, A., Lourantou, A., Merlivat, L., Midorikawa, T., Mintrop, L., Miyazaki, C., Murata, A., Nakadate, A., Nakano, Y., Nakaoka, S., Nojiri, Y., Omar, A. M., Padin, X. A., Park, G. -h., Paterson, K., Perez, F.f., Pierrot, D., Poisson, A., Rios, A. F., Salisbury, J., Santana-casiano, J. M., Sarma, V. V. S. S., Schlitzer, R., Schneider, B., Schuster, U., Sieger, R., Skjelvan, I., Steinhoff, T., Suzuki, T., Takahashi, T., Tedesco, K., Telszewski, M., Thomas, H., Tilbrook, B., Vandemark, D., Veness, T., Watson, A. J., Weiss, R., Wong, C. S., Yoshikawa-inoue, H., Sabine, C. L., Hankin, S., Koyuk, H., Bakker, D. C. E., Pfeil, B., Olsen, A., Metzl, N., Kozyr, A., Fassbender, A., Manke, A., Malczyk, J., Akl, J., Alin, S. R., Bellerby, R. G. J., Borges, A., Boutin, J., Brown, P. J., Cai, W. -j., Chavez, F. P., Chen, A., Cosca, C., Feely, R. A., Gonzalez-davila, M., Goyet, C., Hardman-mountford, N., Heinze, C., Hoppema, M., Hunt, C. W., Hydes, D., Ishii, M., Johannessen, T., Key, R. M., Koertzinger, A., Landschuetzer, P., Lauvset, S. K., Lefevre, N., Lenton, A., Lourantou, A., Merlivat, L., Midorikawa, T., Mintrop, L., Miyazaki, C., Murata, A., Nakadate, A., Nakano, Y., Nakaoka, S., Nojiri, Y., Omar, A. M., Padin, X. A., Park, G. -h., Paterson, K., Perez, F.f., Pierrot, D., Poisson, A., Rios, A. F., Salisbury, J., Santana-casiano, J. M., Sarma, V. V. S. S., Schlitzer, R., Schneider, B., Schuster, U., Sieger, R., Skjelvan, I., Steinhoff, T., Suzuki, T., Takahashi, T., Tedesco, K., Telszewski, M., Thomas, H., Tilbrook, B., Vandemark, D., Veness, T., Watson, A. J., Weiss, R., Wong, C. S., and Yoshikawa-inoue, H.

Abstract

A well documented, publicly available, global data set for surface ocean carbon dioxide (CO2) parameters has been called for by international groups for nearly two decades. The Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT) project was initiated by the international marine carbon science community in 2007 with the aim of providing a comprehensive, publicly available, regularly updated, global data set of marine surface CO2, which had been subject to quality control (QC). SOCAT version 1.5 was made public in September 2011 and holds 6.3 million quality controlled surface CO2 data from the global oceans and coastal seas, spanning four decades (1968–2007). The SOCAT gridded data is the second data product to come from the SOCAT project. Recognizing that some groups may have trouble working with millions of measurements, the SOCAT gridded product was generated to provide a robust regularly spaced fCO2 product with minimal spatial and temporal interpolation which should be easier to work with for many applications. Gridded SOCAT is rich with information that has not been fully explored yet, but also contains biases and limitations that the user needs to recognize and address.

Published
2013
Full Text
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40. A uniform, quality controlled Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT)

Author

Pfeil, B., Olsen, A., Bakker, D. C. E., Hankin, S., Koyuk, H., Kozyr, A., Malczyk, J., Manke, A., Metzl, N., Sabine, C. L., Akl, J., Alin, S. R., Bellerby, R. G. J., Borges, A., Boutin, J., Brown, P. J., Cai, W.-J., Chavez, F. P., Chen, A., Cosca, C., Fassbender, A. J., Feely, R. A., González-Dávila, M., Goyet, C., Hardman-Mountford, N., Heinze, C., Hood, M., Hoppema, M., Hunt, C. W., Hydes, D., Ishii, M., Johannessen, T., Jones, S. D., Key, R. M., Körtzinger, A., Landschützer, P., Lauvset, S. K., Lefèvre, N., Lenton, A., Lourantou, A., Merlivat, L., Midorikawa, T., Mintrop, L., Miyazaki, C., Murata, A., Nakadate, A., Nakano, Y., Nakaoka, S., Nojiri, Y., Omar, A. M., Padin, X. A., Park, G.-H., Paterson, K., Perez, F. F., Pierrot, D., Poisson, A., Ríos, A. F., Santana-Casiano, J. M., Salisbury, J., Sarma, V. V. S. S., Schlitzer, R., Schneider, B., Schuster, U., Sieger, R., Skjelvan, I., Steinhoff, T., Suzuki, T., Takahashi, T., Tedesco, K., Telszewski, M., Thomas, H., Tilbrook, B., Tjiputra, J., Vandemark, D., Veness, T., Wanninkhof, R., Watson, A. J., Weiss, R., Wong, C. S., Yoshikawa-Inoue, H., Pfeil, B., Olsen, A., Bakker, D. C. E., Hankin, S., Koyuk, H., Kozyr, A., Malczyk, J., Manke, A., Metzl, N., Sabine, C. L., Akl, J., Alin, S. R., Bellerby, R. G. J., Borges, A., Boutin, J., Brown, P. J., Cai, W.-J., Chavez, F. P., Chen, A., Cosca, C., Fassbender, A. J., Feely, R. A., González-Dávila, M., Goyet, C., Hardman-Mountford, N., Heinze, C., Hood, M., Hoppema, M., Hunt, C. W., Hydes, D., Ishii, M., Johannessen, T., Jones, S. D., Key, R. M., Körtzinger, A., Landschützer, P., Lauvset, S. K., Lefèvre, N., Lenton, A., Lourantou, A., Merlivat, L., Midorikawa, T., Mintrop, L., Miyazaki, C., Murata, A., Nakadate, A., Nakano, Y., Nakaoka, S., Nojiri, Y., Omar, A. M., Padin, X. A., Park, G.-H., Paterson, K., Perez, F. F., Pierrot, D., Poisson, A., Ríos, A. F., Santana-Casiano, J. M., Salisbury, J., Sarma, V. V. S. S., Schlitzer, R., Schneider, B., Schuster, U., Sieger, R., Skjelvan, I., Steinhoff, T., Suzuki, T., Takahashi, T., Tedesco, K., Telszewski, M., Thomas, H., Tilbrook, B., Tjiputra, J., Vandemark, D., Veness, T., Wanninkhof, R., Watson, A. J., Weiss, R., Wong, C. S., and Yoshikawa-Inoue, H.

Published
2012

41. Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT) gridded data products

Author

Sabine, C. L., Hankin, S., Koyuk, H., Bakker, D. C. E., Pfeil, B., Olsen, A., Metzl, N., Kozyr, A., Fassbender, A., Manke, A., Malczyk, J., Akl, J., Alin, S. R., Bellerby, R. G. J., Borges, A., Boutin, J., Brown, P. J., Cai, W.-J., Chavez, F. P., Chen, A., Cosca, C., Feely, R. A., González-Dávila, M., Goyet, C., Hardman-Mountford, N., Heinze, C., Hoppema, M., Hunt, C. W., Hydes, D., Ishii, M., Johannessen, T., Key, R. M., Körtzinger, A., Landschützer, P., Lauvset, S. K., Lefèvre, N., Lenton, A., Lourantou, A., Merlivat, L., Midorikawa, T., Mintrop, L., Miyazaki, C., Murata, A., Nakadate, A., Nakano, Y., Nakaoka, S., Nojiri, Y., Omar, A. M., Padin, X. A., Park, G.-H., Paterson, K., Perez, F. F., Pierrot, D., Poisson, A., Ríos, A. F., Salisbury, J., Santana-Casiano, J. M., Sarma, V. V. S. S., Schlitzer, R., Schneider, B., Schuster, U., Sieger, R., Skjelvan, I., Steinhoff, T., Suzuki, T., Takahashi, T., Tedesco, K., Telszewski, M., Thomas, H., Tilbrook, B., Vandemark, D., Veness, T., Watson, A. J., Weiss, R., Wong, C. S., Yoshikawa-Inoue, H., Sabine, C. L., Hankin, S., Koyuk, H., Bakker, D. C. E., Pfeil, B., Olsen, A., Metzl, N., Kozyr, A., Fassbender, A., Manke, A., Malczyk, J., Akl, J., Alin, S. R., Bellerby, R. G. J., Borges, A., Boutin, J., Brown, P. J., Cai, W.-J., Chavez, F. P., Chen, A., Cosca, C., Feely, R. A., González-Dávila, M., Goyet, C., Hardman-Mountford, N., Heinze, C., Hoppema, M., Hunt, C. W., Hydes, D., Ishii, M., Johannessen, T., Key, R. M., Körtzinger, A., Landschützer, P., Lauvset, S. K., Lefèvre, N., Lenton, A., Lourantou, A., Merlivat, L., Midorikawa, T., Mintrop, L., Miyazaki, C., Murata, A., Nakadate, A., Nakano, Y., Nakaoka, S., Nojiri, Y., Omar, A. M., Padin, X. A., Park, G.-H., Paterson, K., Perez, F. F., Pierrot, D., Poisson, A., Ríos, A. F., Salisbury, J., Santana-Casiano, J. M., Sarma, V. V. S. S., Schlitzer, R., Schneider, B., Schuster, U., Sieger, R., Skjelvan, I., Steinhoff, T., Suzuki, T., Takahashi, T., Tedesco, K., Telszewski, M., Thomas, H., Tilbrook, B., Vandemark, D., Veness, T., Watson, A. J., Weiss, R., Wong, C. S., and Yoshikawa-Inoue, H.

Published
2012

43. An update to the Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT version 2)

Author

Bakker, D. C. E., primary, Pfeil, B., additional, Smith, K., additional, Hankin, S., additional, Olsen, A., additional, Alin, S. R., additional, Cosca, C., additional, Harasawa, S., additional, Kozyr, A., additional, Nojiri, Y., additional, O'Brien, K. M., additional, Schuster, U., additional, Telszewski, M., additional, Tilbrook, B., additional, Wada, C., additional, Akl, J., additional, Barbero, L., additional, Bates, N., additional, Boutin, J., additional, Cai, W.-J., additional, Castle, R. D., additional, Chavez, F. P., additional, Chen, L., additional, Chierici, M., additional, Currie, K., additional, de Baar, H. J. W., additional, Evans, W., additional, Feely, R. A., additional, Fransson, A., additional, Gao, Z., additional, Hales, B., additional, Hardman-Mountford, N., additional, Hoppema, M., additional, Huang, W.-J., additional, Hunt, C. W., additional, Huss, B., additional, Ichikawa, T., additional, Johannessen, T., additional, Jones, E. M., additional, Jones, S. D., additional, Jutterström, S., additional, Kitidis, V., additional, Körtzinger, A., additional, Landschtzer, P., additional, Lauvset, S. K., additional, Lefèvre, N., additional, Manke, A. B., additional, Mathis, J. T., additional, Merlivat, L., additional, Metzl, N., additional, Murata, A., additional, Newberger, T., additional, Ono, T., additional, Park, G.-H., additional, Paterson, K., additional, Pierrot, D., additional, Ríos, A. F., additional, Sabine, C. L., additional, Saito, S., additional, Salisbury, J., additional, Sarma, V. V. S. S., additional, Schlitzer, R., additional, Sieger, R., additional, Skjelvan, I., additional, Steinhoff, T., additional, Sullivan, K., additional, Sun, H., additional, Sutton, A. J., additional, Suzuki, T., additional, Sweeney, C., additional, Takahashi, T., additional, Tjiputra, J., additional, Tsurushima, N., additional, van Heuven, S. M. A. C., additional, Vandemark, D., additional, Vlahos, P., additional, Wallace, D. W. R., additional, Wanninkhof, R., additional, and Watson, A. J., additional

Published
2013
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44. Surface Ocean CO<sub>2</sub> Atlas (SOCAT) gridded data products

Author

Sabine, C. L., primary, Hankin, S., additional, Koyuk, H., additional, Bakker, D. C. E., additional, Pfeil, B., additional, Olsen, A., additional, Metzl, N., additional, Kozyr, A., additional, Fassbender, A., additional, Manke, A., additional, Malczyk, J., additional, Akl, J., additional, Alin, S. R., additional, Bellerby, R. G. J., additional, Borges, A., additional, Boutin, J., additional, Brown, P. J., additional, Cai, W.-J., additional, Chavez, F. P., additional, Chen, A., additional, Cosca, C., additional, Feely, R. A., additional, González-Dávila, M., additional, Goyet, C., additional, Hardman-Mountford, N., additional, Heinze, C., additional, Hoppema, M., additional, Hunt, C. W., additional, Hydes, D., additional, Ishii, M., additional, Johannessen, T., additional, Key, R. M., additional, Körtzinger, A., additional, Landschützer, P., additional, Lauvset, S. K., additional, Lefèvre, N., additional, Lenton, A., additional, Lourantou, A., additional, Merlivat, L., additional, Midorikawa, T., additional, Mintrop, L., additional, Miyazaki, C., additional, Murata, A., additional, Nakadate, A., additional, Nakano, Y., additional, Nakaoka, S., additional, Nojiri, Y., additional, Omar, A. M., additional, Padin, X. A., additional, Park, G.-H., additional, Paterson, K., additional, Perez, F. F., additional, Pierrot, D., additional, Poisson, A., additional, Ríos, A. F., additional, Salisbury, J., additional, Santana-Casiano, J. M., additional, Sarma, V. V. S. S., additional, Schlitzer, R., additional, Schneider, B., additional, Schuster, U., additional, Sieger, R., additional, Skjelvan, I., additional, Steinhoff, T., additional, Suzuki, T., additional, Takahashi, T., additional, Tedesco, K., additional, Telszewski, M., additional, Thomas, H., additional, Tilbrook, B., additional, Vandemark, D., additional, Veness, T., additional, Watson, A. J., additional, Weiss, R., additional, Wong, C. S., additional, and Yoshikawa-Inoue, H., additional

Published
2013
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45. A uniform, quality controlled Surface Ocean CO<sub>2</sub> Atlas (SOCAT)

Author

Pfeil, B., primary, Olsen, A., additional, Bakker, D. C. E., additional, Hankin, S., additional, Koyuk, H., additional, Kozyr, A., additional, Malczyk, J., additional, Manke, A., additional, Metzl, N., additional, Sabine, C. L., additional, Akl, J., additional, Alin, S. R., additional, Bates, N., additional, Bellerby, R. G. J., additional, Borges, A., additional, Boutin, J., additional, Brown, P. J., additional, Cai, W.-J., additional, Chavez, F. P., additional, Chen, A., additional, Cosca, C., additional, Fassbender, A. J., additional, Feely, R. A., additional, González-Dávila, M., additional, Goyet, C., additional, Hales, B., additional, Hardman-Mountford, N., additional, Heinze, C., additional, Hood, M., additional, Hoppema, M., additional, Hunt, C. W., additional, Hydes, D., additional, Ishii, M., additional, Johannessen, T., additional, Jones, S. D., additional, Key, R. M., additional, Körtzinger, A., additional, Landschützer, P., additional, Lauvset, S. K., additional, Lefèvre, N., additional, Lenton, A., additional, Lourantou, A., additional, Merlivat, L., additional, Midorikawa, T., additional, Mintrop, L., additional, Miyazaki, C., additional, Murata, A., additional, Nakadate, A., additional, Nakano, Y., additional, Nakaoka, S., additional, Nojiri, Y., additional, Omar, A. M., additional, Padin, X. A., additional, Park, G.-H., additional, Paterson, K., additional, Perez, F. F., additional, Pierrot, D., additional, Poisson, A., additional, Ríos, A. F., additional, Santana-Casiano, J. M., additional, Salisbury, J., additional, Sarma, V. V. S. S., additional, Schlitzer, R., additional, Schneider, B., additional, Schuster, U., additional, Sieger, R., additional, Skjelvan, I., additional, Steinhoff, T., additional, Suzuki, T., additional, Takahashi, T., additional, Tedesco, K., additional, Telszewski, M., additional, Thomas, H., additional, Tilbrook, B., additional, Tjiputra, J., additional, Vandemark, D., additional, Veness, T., additional, Wanninkhof, R., additional, Watson, A. J., additional, Weiss, R., additional, Wong, C. S., additional, and Yoshikawa-Inoue, H., additional

Published
2013
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46. A uniform, quality controlled Surface Ocean CO<sub>2</sub> Atlas (SOCAT)

Author

Pfeil, B., primary, Olsen, A., additional, Bakker, D. C. E., additional, Hankin, S., additional, Koyuk, H., additional, Kozyr, A., additional, Malczyk, J., additional, Manke, A., additional, Metzl, N., additional, Sabine, C. L., additional, Akl, J., additional, Alin, S. R., additional, Bellerby, R. G. J., additional, Borges, A., additional, Boutin, J., additional, Brown, P. J., additional, Cai, W.-J., additional, Chavez, F. P., additional, Chen, A., additional, Cosca, C., additional, Fassbender, A. J., additional, Feely, R. A., additional, González-Dávila, M., additional, Goyet, C., additional, Hardman-Mountford, N., additional, Heinze, C., additional, Hood, M., additional, Hoppema, M., additional, Hunt, C. W., additional, Hydes, D., additional, Ishii, M., additional, Johannessen, T., additional, Jones, S. D., additional, Key, R. M., additional, Körtzinger, A., additional, Landschützer, P., additional, Lauvset, S. K., additional, Lefèvre, N., additional, Lenton, A., additional, Lourantou, A., additional, Merlivat, L., additional, Midorikawa, T., additional, Mintrop, L., additional, Miyazaki, C., additional, Murata, A., additional, Nakadate, A., additional, Nakano, Y., additional, Nakaoka, S., additional, Nojiri, Y., additional, Omar, A. M., additional, Padin, X. A., additional, Park, G.-H., additional, Paterson, K., additional, Perez, F. F., additional, Pierrot, D., additional, Poisson, A., additional, Ríos, A. F., additional, Santana-Casiano, J. M., additional, Salisbury, J., additional, Sarma, V. V. S. S., additional, Schlitzer, R., additional, Schneider, B., additional, Schuster, U., additional, Sieger, R., additional, Skjelvan, I., additional, Steinhoff, T., additional, Suzuki, T., additional, Takahashi, T., additional, Tedesco, K., additional, Telszewski, M., additional, Thomas, H., additional, Tilbrook, B., additional, Tjiputra, J., additional, Vandemark, D., additional, Veness, T., additional, Wanninkhof, R., additional, Watson, A. J., additional, Weiss, R., additional, Wong, C. S., additional, and Yoshikawa-Inoue, H., additional

Published
2012
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47. Surface Ocean CO<sub>2</sub> Atlas (SOCAT) gridded data products

Author

Sabine, C. L., primary, Hankin, S., additional, Koyuk, H., additional, Bakker, D. C. E., additional, Pfeil, B., additional, Olsen, A., additional, Metzl, N., additional, Kozyr, A., additional, Fassbender, A., additional, Manke, A., additional, Malczyk, J., additional, Akl, J., additional, Alin, S. R., additional, Bellerby, R. G. J., additional, Borges, A., additional, Boutin, J., additional, Brown, P. J., additional, Cai, W.-J., additional, Chavez, F. P., additional, Chen, A., additional, Cosca, C., additional, Feely, R. A., additional, González-Dávila, M., additional, Goyet, C., additional, Hardman-Mountford, N., additional, Heinze, C., additional, Hoppema, M., additional, Hunt, C. W., additional, Hydes, D., additional, Ishii, M., additional, Johannessen, T., additional, Key, R. M., additional, Körtzinger, A., additional, Landschützer, P., additional, Lauvset, S. K., additional, Lefèvre, N., additional, Lenton, A., additional, Lourantou, A., additional, Merlivat, L., additional, Midorikawa, T., additional, Mintrop, L., additional, Miyazaki, C., additional, Murata, A., additional, Nakadate, A., additional, Nakano, Y., additional, Nakaoka, S., additional, Nojiri, Y., additional, Omar, A. M., additional, Padin, X. A., additional, Park, G.-H., additional, Paterson, K., additional, Perez, F. F., additional, Pierrot, D., additional, Poisson, A., additional, Ríos, A. F., additional, Salisbury, J., additional, Santana-Casiano, J. M., additional, Sarma, V. V. S. S., additional, Schlitzer, R., additional, Schneider, B., additional, Schuster, U., additional, Sieger, R., additional, Skjelvan, I., additional, Steinhoff, T., additional, Suzuki, T., additional, Takahashi, T., additional, Tedesco, K., additional, Telszewski, M., additional, Thomas, H., additional, Tilbrook, B., additional, Vandemark, D., additional, Veness, T., additional, Watson, A. J., additional, Weiss, R., additional, Wong, C. S., additional, and Yoshikawa-Inoue, H., additional

Published
2012
Full Text
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