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This article presents the role of selected motifs of prayer depicted in the works of first-wave Russian emigrants in the creation of a certain type of national mythology. The starting point of the considerations is a reflection on the status of emigrant literature at the time of its creation, during the period of political changes in the Soviet bloc, after the collapse of the Soviet Union, and today. From the beginning, émigré literature has served as a certain treasury of images and symbols, which are treated as necessary elements for maintaining the national identity of emigrants. The article presents selected motifs from the works of Ivan Shmelev's The Year of the Lord and Pilgrimage, and Boris Zaitsev's Saint Sergius of Radonezh, showing prayer as an element of ritual, as a collective request, and as an act of deep contact with God. The analysis of the selected examples shows that regardless of the literary form, narrative perspective, or the way the subject was presented, the writers showed prayer motifs in a patriotic context, while mythologizing pre-revolutionary Russia and bringing the idea of "Holy Rus" to life. In the years following the collapse of the Soviet Union, there has been an increased interest in emigrant literature, and the ideas contained therein have proven to be very important for the formation of the new national consciousness of Russians. Today, due to another political change in Russia and its political isolation, émigré literature is of renewed importance in Russian circles. The writers whose works are discussed in this study are regarded as the main Orthodox writers of the twentieth century, and the image of praying Russia is again the basis for building a new national identity. The study concludes with the observation that the value of emigrant literature should be studied in the context of the time of its creation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper depicts a category of memory in the works by Vadim Borisov, a historian of the Orthodox Church and a literary critic, whose fate in the communist period was strictly connected to the political activity of A. Solzhenitsyn. The most known works by Borisov are primarily devoted to various issues of the Soviet people in the philosophical and historical perspective, but they also stress the problem of memory very clearly. The author of the article characterises several aspects of the phenomenon juxtaposing them with the theories proposed by contemporary memory scientists. The scrutiny shows that Borisov's deliberations surpassed the boundaries of political discourse underlining cultural and religious dimensions of the given problem which have become an important subject under consideration of many subsequent scholars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ethos (0860-8024) is the property of John Paul II Institute, Faculty of Philosophy, John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Athenaeum: Polskie Studia Politologiczne is the property of Faculty of Political Science & Security Studies Nicolaus Copernicus University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The paper depicts a topos of Russia-home in Alexander Solzhenitsyn's novel cycle the 'Red Wheel'. The author defines metaphoric pictures named as a home, an empty house, a house without an owner. The metaphors allows to indicate additional motifs connected with titular topos: a good host, a woman as a wife and mother and a fake host. The analyses show that Solzhenitsyn's metaphors of Russia-home reflect writer's conception of the revolutionary process in the history of Russia and his thoughts about citizen responsibility and patriotism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Studia Regionalne i Lokalne is the property of University of Warsaw and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a life-threatening hyperinflammatory syndrome with various etiologies. Its treatment is complicated by several important but not immediately obvious issues (e.g., HLH-2004 criteria are the most commonly used for diagnosis, but the recommended therapeutic regimen is HLH-94)., Objectives: The study aimed to assess hematologists' practical knowledge of HLH., Material and Methods: A survey was conducted among physicians treating adult hematological patients. A 10-question paper questionnaire was distributed to physicians from various hematology centers. A total of 126 questionnaires were analyzed., Results: Most respondents had little-to-moderate experience in caring for HLH patients: 59% treated 0-2 patients and 36% treated between 3-5 patients. Among the respondents, the preferred diagnostic criteria were HLH-2004, either in its original form (5 out of 8 criteria) for 70 respondents or its modified version (4 out of 6 available criteria when ferritin exceeds 2,000 ng/mL) for 56 respondents. The preferred treatment regimen was HLH-2004, with a full dose of etoposide in 72 responses or reduced in 39 responses. Fifty percent of respondents incorrectly answered that meeting the HLH-2004 criteria necessitates the use of the HLH-94/2004 regimen in full doses and duration. Sixty-four percent of respondents correctly identified that hemophagocytosis is not necessary for the diagnosis., Conclusions: This survey reveals that the majority of surveyed physicians adhere to international HLH recommendations. However, there are instances where these guidelines are not fully implemented, which underlines the need for further efforts to raise awareness and share clinical experiences about this patient group.