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Objectives The aim of the article is to characterize the concepts of "Industry 5.0", "Society 5.0" and the corresponding management activities. Material and methods Based on source materials and literature on the subject, the main elements of these concepts, such as sustainable development, focus on people, and crisis resistance, were analyzed. The challenges that each of these elements poses to management, in particular human resources management, were indicated. Results Based on source materials and literature on the subject, the main elements of these concepts, such as sustainable development, focus on people, and crisis resistance, were analyzed. The challenges that each of these elements poses to management, in particular human resources management, were indicated. Conclusions These challenges were characterized by three examples – taking practical pro-ecological actions (creating a zero/less waste culture), discussions around artificial intelligence in management, and human-robot cooperation.

Summary: Background: Insulin resistance (IR) is an important risk factor for multiple chronic diseases, increasing mortality and reducing life expectancy. The associations between emerging surrogates for IR, triglyceride-glucose index (TyG) and TyG-related indicators, with all-cause mortality and life expectancy in middle-aged and older patients in primary care are unclear. Methods: This study originated from the Polish primary care cohort LIPIDOGRAM2015, including patients aged ≥45 years. Baseline fasting triglycerides and fasting glucose were used to derive TyG. Other TyG-related indicators included TyG-adjusted body mass index (TyG-BMI), TyG-adjusted waist circumference (TyG-WC), TyG-adjusted waist-to-hip, and TyG-adjusted waist-to-height. In this longitudinal analysis, we assessed associations between TyG-related indicators with total all-cause mortality, premature (age at death ≤75 years) all-cause mortality and years of life lost (YLL). Findings: We included 10,688 patients (mean age 61.8 ± 9.3 years; 63.5% female). Cumulative total and premature all-cause mortality were 7.2% and 4.6%, respectively, during 5.7 years (IQR 5.6–5.7) of follow-up. Lowest (Q1) and highest quartile (Q4) of TyG-BMI and TyG-WC were associated with total all-cause mortality (second quartile [Q2]: reference; TyG-BMI: Q1: aHR 1.33, 95% CI 1.07–1.65, Q4: aHR 1.28, 95% CI 1.03–1.58; TyG-WC: Q1: aHR 1.44, 95% CI 1.14–1.82, Q4: aHR 1.29, 95% CI 1.04–1.59), similar results for premature all-cause mortality. Within age 45–80 years, compared with Q2 and third quartile, YLL were 4.49 and 5.46 years for TyG-BMI Q1 and Q4, respectively, 3.24 and 5.31 years for TyG-WC Q1 and Q4, respectively. Interpretation: TyG-BMI and TyG-WC demonstrated a U-shaped association with total and premature all-cause mortality. Low and high levels of TyG-BMI and TyG-WC were associated with reduced life expectancy. Despite the relatively short follow-up period, significant associations were still observed, but longer follow-up studies are required to further explore these relationships. Funding: Polish Lipid Association, College of Family Physician in Poland, Valeant in Poland.

Advertising campaign analysis reports are considered an essential tool for marketing analytics. They are used to assess the effectiveness of the marketing activities carried out and to improve future activities. It is necessary to verify whether the actions taken - online and in the public space - align with the intentions and budget, whether they lead to achieving the objectives, and, if not, what the campaign errors are. Due to the ease of collecting and accessing data, analyzing online and social media advertising campaigns is a popular topic. With access to data on the number of clicks, the ad's reach, the number of interactions, and so on, one can move on to the next steps of analyzing the campaign to determine its effectiveness. Online marketing tools have a massive advantage over traditional media channels. When analyzing the results of advertising campaigns, it is necessary to approach the examination of the individual channels and then analyze which of them is the most profitable and in which to invest the most. However, traditional campaigns must be addressed in the analyses. Despite the limited data available, collecting relevant information and analyzing the traditional campaign is worth trying. In the case of conventional campaigns, we can mainly measure the amount of sales resulting from the campaigns. When dealing with an online campaign, we gain many additional indicators, such as the number of ad impressions, clicks, and conversions. In both cases, analysis tools may allow us to isolate factors that significantly influence the success or failure of a campaign and predict the effectiveness of a campaign with given characteristics.

An accurate and numerically efficient description of the rolling process is a challenging task since the degree of computational accuracy is directly related to the complexity of the algorithm employed. In the most general case, finite element models (FEM) are used for the simulation of deformation processes; however, these techniques require significant computational time. Analytical approaches, which are suited for one or another deformation process, seem to be a proper alternative to FEM. In this study, the well-established flowline modeling approach (FLM) is extended with the aim of better describing the flow of a rolled material in both surface and subsurface regions. A new flowline function is defined, while the velocity along the particular streamline and strain rate gradients are determined analytically, based on the roll gap geometry. The new model is validated by comparing the velocity components to the ones computed by the finite element model. The distortion of meshes predicted by both FEM and FLM follow the same evolutionary pattern.

The financial education of the Romanian adults is in dire need of an improvement, that is because when it comes to financial literacy Romanians are below the European Average. Thus, the objective of the present paper is determined by the need to optimize the financial education. Therefore, in order to accomplish the final objective, there will be elaborated different proposals and ideas for improving the financial literacy. The methodology will focus on approaching different perspectives from countries in which the financial education is rather on a mature path. On that account, the focus will be on official data regarding the well-being of those nation states as well as the educational system to which they abide. An approach that will actually lead to results that will present the best options for Romania and, above all, will also present the methods by which these ideas can be implemented.

Osmotic dehydration as a process of removing water from food by immersing the raw material in a hypertonic solution is used primarily to extend the shelf life of products and as a pretreatment before further processing steps, such as drying and freezing. However, due to the bi-directional mass transfer that occurs during osmotic dehydration, the process can also be used to shape sensory properties and enrich the plant matrix with nutrients. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of osmotic dehydration on the absorption of potassium by beet pulp immersed in various hypertonic solutions (sucrose, inulin, erythritol, xylitol solutions) with the addition of three chemical forms of potassium (gluconate, citrate, chloride) using variable process conditions. The study proved that osmotic dehydration is an effective way to enrich food. The highest potassium content (5779.03 mg/100 g) was found in a sample osmotically dehydrated in a 50% erythritol solution with 5.0% potassium chloride addition with a process that lasted 180 min and took place at 30 °C. The results obtained indicate the high potential of osmotic dehydration in improving the health values of food products. In addition, the antioxidant activity and proximate composition of osmotically dehydrated samples were also characterized in this study.

The article addresses challenges in optimizing the operation of medium voltage networks, emphasizing optimizing network division points and selecting the best network configuration for minimizing power and energy losses. It critically reviews recent research on the issue of network configuration optimization. The optimization of the medium voltage power grid reconfiguration process was carried out using known optimization tools. The novelty lies in the inclusion of a probabilistic approach in the decision-making process in forecasting loads and generation from renewable energy sources (RES). Optimization studies utilizing heuristic optimization methods were completed, and an algorithm was developed for forecasting load and power generated from RES based on historical data and current weather data obtained from weather API. The solution proposed in the article allows multiple applications, including optimizing network division points’ locations (which decreases financial costs of modernizing network infrastructure) as well as improving the reconfiguration process, resulting in lower power losses while maintaining voltage requirements.

The new national curriculum implementation in the sphere of higher education in Ukraine raises the need for using tests as the means of students' knowledge assessment. The authors have identified the connection both between the level of stress tolerance and between the level of test passing by means of using the correlated analysis, the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and the T-Wilcoxon test. The level of stress tolerance has a serious impact upon the students' test result. The students show a higher efficiency level while passing the test after visiting the training on stress tolerance increase. It has been identified that the opportunity value as to how to focus the students' attention on the test is an important harbinger of the thesis that the education of Ukrainian students should be followed by the assessment of their psychological state. The authors have identified that the students' psychological architype has an impact upon the education efficiency giving both similar and best results according to the results from other cultures.

O presente estudo teve por objetivo avaliar o efeito de diferentes doses de lecitina integral de soja na digestibilidade aparente da dieta, comportamento ingestivo, desempenho produtivo, e nas características de carcaça de bovinos de corte terminados em confinamento. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, constituído de três tratamentos, sendo: Ração controle; Ração com lecitina integral de soja (10 g animal dia-1); e Ração com lecitina integral de soja (20 g animal dia-1), com cinco repetições. As rações, em base na matéria seca, foram formuladas e constituídas por 33% de silagem milho e 67% de concentrado. Foram utilizados 30 novilhos não castrados, ½ sangue Angus Nelore, com idade média de 14 meses e peso vivo médio inicial de 432,3 kg. A digesibilidade do extrato etéreo e da fibra em detergente neutro foi melhorada com a inclusão de lecitina integral de soja, já o comportamento ingestivo não foi alterado. A suplementação com 10 g animal dia-1 de lecitina integral de soja proporcionou maior média para ganho de peso (1,707 kg dia-1) seguido dos animais não suplementados (1,645 kg dia-1) e suplementados com lecitina integral de soja na dose de 20 g animal dia-1 (1,587 kg dia-1). Em relção ao acabamento das carcaças, este não foi alterado com a suplementação de lecitina integral de soja. O uso de lecitina integral de soja melhorou o aproveitamento da fração etérea e fibrosa da ração, e garantiu a maior média para ganho de peso, sendo a dose de 10 g animal dia-1 com melhores respostas.

The aim of this paper is to highlight the need for financial education among adults in Romania. For this purpose, we will take as a starting point the current level of financial knowledge that the target group possesses. The research’s central hypothesis is the relationship between our nation’s educational level and the current economic and financial predicament. Therefore, the traditional questionnaire will serve as the primary research method for this study. The information obtained from the questionnaire will be related to statistical data concerning the financial field in Romania, with the main result being the dimension of the impact of the educational element in the financial life of Romanians.

Elevar o teor energético da ração dos animais tem por intuito potencializar o desempenho produtivo e promover melhor acabamento nas carcaças. No entanto, esta ação quando realizada ao acaso pode gerar disfunções no trato gastrointestinal que comprometem o desempenho. Uma forma de evitar tais disfunções é administrar leveduras Saccharomyces cerevisiae de forma suplementar na ração dos animais. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar o efeito do uso de Saccharomyces cerevisiae, como cultura de leveduras ou como levedura autolisada, no comportamento ingestivo, digestibilidade aparente da ração, desempenho produtivo e as características de carcaça de novilhos terminados em confinamento. Foram utilizados 36 animais ½ Angus x ½ Nelore com peso corporal médio inicial de 369 ± 4 kg. O experimento teve duração de 133 dias divididos em 28 dias de adaptação às rações e instalações experimentais, e quatro períodos de avaliação, sendo três períodos de 28 dias e um quarto período de 21 dias. O delineamento experimental foi de blocos inteiramente casualizados com três tratamentos e seis repetições. Os tratamentos foram: ração sem leveduras (Controle); ração com cultura de leveduras (7 g animal-1 dia-1); e ração com levedura autolisada (7 g animal-1 dia-1). A ração experimental foi constituída por 400 g kg-1 silagem de milho e 600 g kg-1 concentrado em base de matéria seca. Os animais suplementados com cultura de leveduras permaneceram mais tempo ruminando e apresentaram maior digestibilidade aparente da matéria seca em relação aos demais (5,94 horas dia-1 e 74,67%, respectivamente). O uso de cultura de leveduras promoveu maiores ganhos de peso diário de 0-56, 0-84 e de 0-105 dias (1,661, 1655 e 1,667 kg dia-1, respectivamente) em relação aos animais que receberam levedura autolisada e aos que não receberam nenhum aditivo, assim como a conversão alimentar foi melhor para estes animais. Os ganhos de carcaça diário e do período experimental foram superiores para os animais que receberam cultura de leveduras em suas rações (1,119 kg dia-1 e 117,5 kg respectivamente). Os animais suplementados com cultura de leveduras possuíram maior espessura de gordura no Longissimus dorsi, na região do costilhar e maior ganho de gordura subcutânea ao longo do período de terminação (5,61, 6,25 e 3,04 mm, respectivamente). O uso da cultura de leveduras na fase de terminação é recomendado, pois melhora a digestibilidade da ração e promove maior ganho de peso, ganho de carcaça e maior deposição de gordura subcutânea.

Drepanosauromorpha is an extinct group of reptiles known from the Middle Triassic to Late Triassic (237–212 Ma). The clade currently includes seven genera (Avicranium, Dolabrosaurus, Drepanosaurus, Hypuronector, Kyrgzsaurus, Megalancosaurus, and Vallesaurus) that are known from fossils collected in Europe, North America, and Asia. These discoveries have helped shape our understanding of the biology and diversity of drepanosauromorphs. Here we describe Ancistronychus paradoxus n. gen. et sp. from the Chinle Formation in Petrified Forest National Park, Arizona based on the ungual phalanx of the second digit of the manus. A characteristic that this taxon shares with Drepanosaurus unguicaudatus is the pronounced size of the ungual relative to the penultimate element. It differs significantly from D. unguicaudatus and the Hayden Quarry Drepanosaurus in the shortened proximal dorsoventral height of the claw, its great transverse breath, the presence of both a furrow on the midline of the extensor surface and a cleft on the apex, and a broad and flattened terminus. We suggest that A. paradoxus is likely closely related to D. unguicaudatus and the Hayden Quarry Drepanosaurus, but missing phylogenetic data precludes a more definitive assessment at this point. Ancistronychus paradoxus highlights unsuspected morphological variation within Drepanosauromorpha and suggests that different drepanosauromorphs used their enlarged second manual unguals for distinct functions enabling them to fill different ecological niches.

Objectives Specialists dealing with cyber security of organisations often cite the saying that a chain is only as strong as the weakest link in it. Experts alert that human error is the cause of more than half of the events in which corporate data has been lost. This issue becomes crucial in the times of widespread remote work. Since many professional duties have been performed recently at home or ‘café’ environment, organisations have been exposed to numerous threats, financial and image losses. The aim of the article is to analyse these threats and to discuss the role of organisational culture in creating working environment ensuring cyber security. Material and methods The starting point is the presentation of cyber security threats related to individual forms of remote work, such as work on company computer equipment outside the employer's premises, work on private computer equipment and work on computer equipment provided by a coworking centre. Results Then, (based on the classic concept of Edgar Schein), three levels of organisational culture will be presented. Conclusions Eventually, the article will indicate actions to be taken at each of these levels in order to foster employees’ behaviour aimed at increasing cyber security.