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Nanostructured Ni-substituted Co1−xNixSb3 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.08) samples were synthesized using a hydrothermal method. X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed the phase purity of the samples, and a secondary phase was observed in samples with higher Ni substitution ratios (x ≥ 0.06). SEM and TEM images reveal the spherical morphology of the samples with monodispersed particles. Different modes of optic phonon vibrations were observed in Raman spectra, and the intensity of the peaks increased with Ni content and slightly decreased in samples with x values ≥0.06. The electrical resistivity of the samples decreased with Ni content up to an x value of 0.06 and slightly increased in Co0.92Ni0.08Sb3 due to secondary phase formation. The positive Seebeck coefficient values of pure CoSb3 confirm that holes were the majority carriers, whereas the negative Seebeck coefficients of Co1−xNixSb3 samples reveal that Ni substitution enhanced electron concentration in the sample. Co0.96Ni0.04Sb3 exhibited a higher power factor compared with other samples due to its low resistivity. Ni substitution in CoSb3 effectively reduced lattice thermal conductivity (κL) as Co0.96Ni0.04Sb3 showed a lower κL of 2.0 W m−1 K−1 than that of the pure sample due to nanostructuring and the rattling effect of Ni. As a result, a figure of merit of 1.72 was achieved at 553 K for the Co0.96Ni0.04Sb3 sample. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oxygen stoichiometry plays a vital role in determining the physical properties of transition metal oxides (TMOs) and their suitability for high-temperature thermoelectric applications. In the present study, oxygen-deficient BaBixCo1–xO3–δ (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.2) perovskite samples were synthesized using the sol-gel method. Structural analysis revealed the formation of oxygen-deficient phases with hexagonal structures. Morphological analysis showed significant changes in the size and interlayer growth of these phases with various levels of bismuth (Bi) substitution. The high thermal stability of the samples was confirmed by TGA. The binding state and composition of the samples were analysed by XPS. Thermoelectric studies were performed, and the results indicated that the electrical resistivity (ρ) decreased with temperature, indicating the semiconducting behavior of the samples. The Seebeck coefficient (S) increased for the samples with higher Bi content due to energy filtering effect. The sample with x value of 0.1 shows a high-power factor of 0.001 µWK− 2m– 1 at 600 K compared to other samples. The experimental findings demonstrated that the oxygen deficient BaBixCo1–xO3 – δ perovskite material exhibited high thermoelectric performance compared to the sample with mixed phase. Furthermore, Bi substitution was found to be a promising strategy for enhancing the thermoelectric performance, with specific compositions showing great potential for high-temperature thermoelectric applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of two diets, artificial fish feed (Diet I) and animal protein (Diet II) as fish meals. These diets were fed to two different groups of fishes, Puntius ticto and Rasbora daniconius. During the experiment the survival rates were 100%. Diet II mainly contained mollusc protein compared to Diet I. The growth performances were studied after feeding Diet I and Diet II for 25 days. At every 5th day of feed intake, feed conversion ratio, gross feed conversion efficiency, growth coefficient of body weight and total length were studied. We found no significant increase in Diet II for the mentioned factors. The specific growth rate, percentage of body weight and total length increase showed a statistically significant increase.

Background: Physiotherapeutic intervention in a phasic manner has been in practice after orthopedic surgeries .graded physiotherapy has a great value in reducing post surgical inflammation pain and improving mobility .this work is done towards presenting the data regarding post surgical condition of corrective osteotomy for cubital varus on left side[7] the treatment techniques were choosen on the basis of phasic evaluation and post treatment evaluation was done in order to check the prognosis in terms of inflammation[8], pain and ROM .several exercise therapeutic techniques and electro therapeutic techniques have been selected periodically on a basis of pre- treatment assessment. In this data presentation electro therapeutic techniques like,faradism under tension[1] for correction of deformity, TENS,ULTRA SOUND [23], PARAFFIN WAX BATH (pain relief and extensibility)where the treatment modalities selected. Method : Treatment techniques were selected based on the evaluation in every particular session. faradism under tension [1],Paraffin wax bath, TENS[23],muscle energy techniques[17], cyriax deep friction massage[2] and ultrasound therapy [23]modalities were used selectively. Results : Faradism under tension,Paraffin wax bath, TENS,muscle energy techniques, cyriax deep friction massage and ultrasound therapy modalities were used selectively with range of movement exercise in four phases and evaluation was done in every session. each phase was of 3 days at the end of 12 days re evaluation was done and found that there was a marked decrease in pain, inflammation[9] and increased range of motion. Conclusion : after the selective physiotherapy approaches there was reduction of pain,oedema and range of motion was improved. graded physiotherapeutic intervention is important to most of the orthopedic post operative conditions in reducing pain, decreasing inflammation, increasing mobility[4]. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nanostructured SnSe1−xTex (0 ＜ x ＜ 0.2) was prepared by the planetary ball milling method. The prepared materials were studied by various analytical techniques. XRD analysis shows the pure phase of SnSe when x≤ 0.1 and the secondary phase of SnTe was observed when x≥ 0.1, possibly due to the low solid solubility limit of Te in SnSe. FESEM images revealed that the grain sizes of all the samples were in the range of 100 to 500 nm. TEM images showed the grain structures, sizes and grain boundaries of the samples. XPS analysis confirmed the incorporation of Te in SnSe1−xTex and the binding states of the elements in the samples. The samples were made into pellets and sintered at high temperature. The electrical resistivity of the SnSe1−xTex pellets decreased by up to two orders of magnitude as the x value increased in the samples. Concomitantly, the Seebeck coefficient of the SnSe1−xTex samples decreased drastically as the x value increased in the samples. A power factor (PF) of 102.8 μW K−2 m−1 was obtained for the SnSe0.9Te0.1 sample at 550 K, which is higher than the reported values for SnSe and SnSe1−xTex. When substituting Se with Te, the band structure of SnSe changes, which significantly enhances the thermoelectric PF of SnSe1−xTex for x∼ 0.1. The PF decreased when the x value was increased further (x≥ 0.1), possibly due to the precipitation of the SnTe phase. These experimental results demonstrate that the addition of a reasonable amount of Te is a promising approach for improving the thermoelectric properties of SnSe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bi x ZnCo 2- x O 4 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.2) nanoparticles with different x values have been prepared by the sol-gel method; the structural, morphological, thermal and thermoelectric properties of the prepared nanomaterials are investigated. XRD analysis confirms that Bi is completely dissolved in the ZnCo 2 O 4 lattice till the x values of ≤0.1 and the secondary phase of Bi 2 O 3 is formed at higher x value ( x > 0.1). The synthesized nanomaterials are densified and the thermoelectric properties are studied as a function of temperature. The electrical resistivity of the Bi x ZnCo 2- x O 4 decreased with x value and it fell to 4 × 10 -2 Ω m for the sample with x value ≤ 0.1. The Seebeck coefficient value increased with the increase of Bi substitution till the x value of 0.1 and decreased for the sample with higher Bi content ( x ≤ 0.2) as the resistivity of the sample increased due to secondary phase formation. With the optimum Seebeck coefficient and electrical resistivity, Bi 0.1 ZnCo 1.9 O 4 shows the high-power factor ( α 2 σ 550 K ) of 2.3 μW K -2 m -1 and figure of merit of 9.5 × 10 -4 at 668 K respectively, compared with other samples. The experimental results reveal that Bi substitution at the Co site is a promising approach to improve the thermoelectric properties of ZnCo 2 O 4 ., Competing Interests: There is no conflict of interest to declare., (This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry.)