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Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles have gained significant attention due to their wide-ranging applications. This research explores an approach to functionalize Niobium Nitrogen Titanium Dioxide nanoparticles (Nb-N-TiO2 NPs) with Mentha arvensis ethanolic leaf extracts. This functionalization allows doped NPs to interact with the bioactive compounds in extracts, synergizing their antioxidant activity. While previous studies have investigated the antioxidant properties of TiO2 NPs synthesized using ethanolic extracts of Mentha arvensis, limited research has focused on evaluating the antioxidant potential of doped nanoparticles functionalized with plant extracts. The characterization analyses are employed by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy to evaluate these functionalized doped nanoparticles thoroughly. Subsequently, the antioxidant capabilities through the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays have been assessed. Within functionalized Nb-N-TiO2, the FTIR has a distinctive peak at 2350, 2010, 1312, 1212, and 1010 cm−1 with decreased transmittance associated with vibrations linked to the Nb-N bond. SEM revealed a triangular aggregation pattern, 500 nm to 2 µm of functionalized Nb-N-TiO2 NPs. Functionalized doped Nb-N-TiO2 NPs at 500 µg mL−1 exhibited particularly robust antioxidant activity, achieving an impressive 79% efficacy at DPPH assessment; meanwhile, ferric reduction efficiency of functionalized doped Nb-N-TiO2 showed maximum 72.16%. In conclusion, doped Nb-N-TiO2 NPs exhibit significantly enhanced antioxidant properties when functionalized with Mentha arvensis ethanolic extract compared to pure Nb-N-TiO2 manifested that doped Nb-N-TiO2 have broad promising endeavors for various biomedicine applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) have garnered considerable attention due to their diverse applications. Introducing niobium (Nb) and nitrogen (N) doping, followed by functionalization with Mucuna pruriens beans methanolic extracts, offers a novel avenue to harness their antioxidant potential. This functionalization enables Nb-N doped TiO2 NPs to engage with the bioactive compounds inherent to M. pruriens beans methanolic extracts, thereby fostering a synergistic enhancement of antioxidant activity. This study focuses on the functionalization of doped Nb-N-TiO2 NPs and evaluates the antioxidative capabilities of those functionalized NPs to pure doped Nb-N-TiO2 NPs. These functionalized NPs (FNb-N-TiO2) underwent characterization through ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV–Vis), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis. Subsequently, their antioxidant capabilities were evaluated using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power Assay (FRAP) assays. Functionalized Nb-N-TiO2 NPs FTIR peaks exhibited at 2430 and 2010 cm−1; unrelated peak vibrations are associated with the (Nb-N) doping, and the increased transmittance signifies successful functionalization and potential bonding between M. pruriens extract phytochemicals. A distinctive triangular aggregation pattern in SEM ranging in size from 5 µm to 500 nm was seen in FNb-N-TiO2. At a concentration of 500 μL−1, FNb-N-TiO2 exhibited exceptionally high antioxidant activity, reaching an impressive 70% compared with pure Nb-N-TiO2 NPs at 51%. The results demonstrated that FNb-N-TiO2 NPs exhibit significant antioxidant properties compared to their non-functionalized, pure Nb-N-TiO2 NPs. In conclusion, this study substantiates the considerable antioxidant potential of doped Nb-N-TiO2 NPs mediated by M. pruriens methanolic extract, thereby emphasizing their potential for diverse applications in both biomedical and environmental sciences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To solve the problem of water pollution, using environment friendly and cost effective method in short time is the need of hour. In this work, chromium (Cr) and nitrogen (N) co-doped TiO2 nanoparticles were synthesized and were used for the photocatalytic degradation of dyes under visible light. The synergistic effect of metal and non-metal co-dopants added would result in appropriate reduction of band gap {from 3.2 eV of TiO2 to 2.67 eV}, decrease in recombination rate of charge carriers by trapping electrons and holes, and in better light harvesting capacity. Nanoparticles were synthesized by sol–gel method and characterized using ultraviolet–visible (UV–VIS) spectroscopy, fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy (AFM), zeta potential, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) analysis, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and RAMAN spectroscopy. Eosin yellow (EY) and rose bengal (RB) were subjected to photocatalytic degradation under solar light to check the photocatalytic activity of the synthesized nanoparticles. Effects of dye concentration, the concentration of nanoparticles, time, and pH were investigated to optimize the parameters. The results obtained were remarkable for 20 ppm EY solution took 10 min using 1 gL−1 NPs at pH 3 and 10 ppm RB solution took 5 min using 0.75 gL−1 NPs at pH 5.78 (original pH) for complete degradation. Kinetics studies were also performed and both dyes followed pseudo-second-order kinetics with R2 values 0.99312 and 0.99712 for EY and RB, respectively. The study of degraded products was conducted using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) hyphenated with electron spray ionization mass spectroscopy (ESI–MS) (LC–MS) and possible degradation pathways were made for both dyes. A reusability test was also performed showing the efficiency of the particles was up to 88% after 3 cycles of use. These notable results can be attributed to the efficient removal of organic pollutants using the proposed dopants in this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose to conduct this research work is to study the effect of photocatalytic degradation by developing cost-effective and eco-friendly nitrogen and tungsten (metal/non-metal) co-doped titania (TiO2). The inherent characteristics of synthesized nanoparticles (NPs) were analyzed by Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy (FT-IR), ultra-violet visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), dynamic light scattering (DLS), X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectrometry, and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Co-doping of metal and non-metal has intensified the photocatalysis trait of TiO2 nanoparticles in an aqueous medium. This co-doping of transition metal ions and modification of nitrogen extended the absorption into the visible region subsequently restraining the recombination of electrons/holes pair. The stronger light absorption in the visible region was required for the higher activity of photodegradation of dye under visible light illumination to confine bandgap energy which results in accelerating the rate of photodegradation. After efficient doping, the bandgap of titania reduced to 2.38 eV and caused the photodegradation of malachite green in visible light. The results of photocatalytic degradation were confirmed by using UV/Vis. spectroscopy and high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with a mass spectrophotometer (HPLC-ESI-MS) was used for the analysis of intermediates formed during photocatalytic utility of the work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The resistive switching effect of various materials has been investigated because of their promising advantages such as high scalability, low cost, simple structure and less power consumption of such memory devices. In this study, the resistive switching effect in nanocomposites of zinc oxide nanowires (ZnO NWs) and zinc stannate nanocubes (ZnSnO3 NCs) has been explored. The device was fabricated on a flexible poly(ethylene terephthalate) substrate on which highly conductive (0.3 Ω cm) patterns of silver (Ag) were deposited as bottom electrodes using a reverse offset printing technique. Vertically aligned and highly dense ZnO NWs were grown on the Ag patterns using hydrothermal synthesis followed by spraying of ZnSnO3 NCs using an electrohydrodynamic atomization (EHDA) technique. Finally, the top Ag electrode was patterned using an EHD patterning technique to complete the fabrication of the device. The fabricated device exhibited bipolar and rewritable characteristics, and had a nonvolatile resistive switching memory with an off/on ratio of 5.8 × 102 and a retention time of 104 s at a small operating voltage (1.2 V). The electrical results obtained with the Ag–ZnO/ZnSnO3–Ag memory device were remarkable and they showed significant repeatability. The significantly stable, highly durable and promising results obtained with the ZnO NWs–ZnSnO3 NCs heterostructure make this semiconductive nanocomposite a potential candidate for use in future flexible memory devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Owing to the increasing interest in the nonvolatile memory devices, resistive switching based on hybrid nanocomposite of a 2D material, molybdenum disulphide (MoS2) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is explored in this work. As a proof of concept, we have demonstrated the fabrication of a memory device with the configuration of PET/Ag/MoS2-PVA/Ag via an all printed, hybrid, and state of the art fabrication approach. Bottom Ag electrodes, active layer of hybrid MoS2-PVA nanocomposite and top Ag electrode are deposited by reverse offset, electrohydrodynamic (EHD) atomization and electrohydrodynamic (EHD) patterning respectively. The fabricated device displayed characteristic bistable, nonvolatile and rewritable resistive switching behavior at a low operating voltage. A decent off/on ratio, high retention time, and large endurance of 1.28 × 102, 105 sec and 1000 voltage sweeps were recorded respectively. Double logarithmic curve satisfy the trap controlled space charge limited current (TCSCLC) model in high resistance state (HRS) and ohmic model in low resistance state (LRS). Bendability test at various bending diameters (50-2 mm) for 1500 cycles was carried out to show the mechanical robustness of fabricated device. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Niobium and nitrogen co-doped titanium dioxide (Nb-N-TiO 2) semiconductor nanostructures were synthesized through a facile sol-gel protocol using titanium tetra iso-propoxide (TTIP), urea and niobium pentoxide as precursors followed by calcination at 450 °C for 4 h. The synthesized nanomaterial (Nb-N-TiO 2) was characterized via Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and Raman spectroscopy, UV-Visible (UV-Vis) Spectroscopy, Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) technique, Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) technique and ZETA Potential analysis. The band gap of Nb-N-TiO 2 was reduced as compared to TiO 2 due to reduced space between valance and conduction band which also reduced the electron-hole (e-, h+) recombination and led to better photocatalytic activity of the Nb-N-TiO 2 as confirmed by TAUC plot. Photocatalytic activity of Nb-N-TiO 2 was investigated for degradation of methylene blue (MB) dye under sunlight as cheaper light source. Factors like dye concentration, dosage of catalyst, volume of solution time and pH were studied and optimized for MB degradation. Under finally optimized conditions, 97% of 25 ppm MB was degraded just in one minute using 45 mg of photocatalyst. The co-doped nanocatalyst, was re-used for MB degradation upto 4th cycle with its efficiency reduced to 75% which shows a better catalytic role by the catalyst. Degradation products of MB were recognized through electrospray ionization coupled mass spectroscopy (ESI-MS) and liquid chromatography coupled mass spectroscopy (LC-MS) techniques. The catalyst was also applied for MB degradation in tap water sample. [Display omitted] • The Nb-N-TiO2 photocatalytic nanomaterial was synthesized by simple facile sol-gel method. • The synthesized Nb-N-TiO2 photocatalyst was analyzed via advanced techniques. • The degradation of methylene blue dye was checked using sunlight as a renewable source of energy. • For the degradation of MB dye different parameters were optimized and reusability test was also performed. • The degradation pathway of MB dye was proposed by analyzing degraded products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Immunosensors are used to detect the presence of certain bio-reagents mostly targeted at the diagnosis of a condition or a disease. Here, a general purpose electrical immunosensor has been fabricated for the quantitative detection of multiple bio-reagents through the formation of an antibody-antigen pair. The sensors were fabricated using all printing approaches. 2D transition metal dichalcogenide (TMDC) MoS 2 thin film was deposited using Electrohydrodynamic atomization (EHDA) on top of an interdigitated transducer (IDT) electrode fabricated by reverse offset printing. The sensors were then treated with three different types of antibodies that were immobilized by physisorption into the highly porous multi-layered structure of MoS 2 active layer. BSA was used as blocking agent to prevent non-specific absorption (NSA). The sensors were then employed for the targeted detection of the specific antigens including prostate specific antigen (PSA), mouse immunoglobulin-G (IgG), and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB). IgG was then selected to test the sensors for point of care (POC) diagnosis through a specially designed electronic readout system for sensors and interfacing it with a smartphone using Bluetooth connection. The sensors showed promising performance in terms of stability, specificity, repeatability, sensitivity, limit of detection (LoD), and range of detection (RoD).

Owing to the increasing interest in the nonvolatile memory devices, resistive switching based on hybrid nanocomposite of a 2D material, molybdenum disulphide (MoS 2 ) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is explored in this work. As a proof of concept, we have demonstrated the fabrication of a memory device with the configuration of PET/Ag/MoS 2 -PVA/Ag via an all printed, hybrid, and state of the art fabrication approach. Bottom Ag electrodes, active layer of hybrid MoS 2 -PVA nanocomposite and top Ag electrode are deposited by reverse offset, electrohydrodynamic (EHD) atomization and electrohydrodynamic (EHD) patterning respectively. The fabricated device displayed characteristic bistable, nonvolatile and rewritable resistive switching behavior at a low operating voltage. A decent off/on ratio, high retention time, and large endurance of 1.28 × 10 2 , 10 5  sec and 1000 voltage sweeps were recorded respectively. Double logarithmic curve satisfy the trap controlled space charge limited current (TCSCLC) model in high resistance state (HRS) and ohmic model in low resistance state (LRS). Bendability test at various bending diameters (50-2 mm) for 1500 cycles was carried out to show the mechanical robustness of fabricated device.