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Nigeria’s land registration programmes are beset with challenges. The linkage between land, the government and the people create a complex system with unique obstacles. This research investigates the challenges of land registration in Nigeria with an in-depth study of Kaduna State. The objective is to ascertain the frequency of land registration and the factors that stand as challenges to it from the perspectives of households, consultants in land transactions, and the Kaduna Geographic Information System (KADGIS). The results indicate a low level of land registration in which challenges include ignorance, affordability problems, inefficient registration processes, corruption, and inadequate skilled workforce with the human capital to implement the programmes. The research has implications for both land and housing markets in Nigeria and throughout Africa.

The intent of the present study was conducted (January, 2020 to December, 2020) to estimate the prevalence of wingless insects in dog population and to identify the potential risks factors in selected areas of Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Results of the study revealed an overall prevalence of wingless insects 50.16% (1204/2400) in dogs of study area. Among various insects, fleas were found predominant (28.5%; 684/2400; P<0.05) as compared to lice (21.66%; 520/2400). Among the reported species 4 were wingless insects (Ctenocepahlides (Ct.) felis, Ct, canis, Linognathus setosus and Trichodectes canis). Breed, age and sex of host were not found to be related with risk factors (P>0.05) affecting incidence of wingless insects. These inscets effect different body parts differently as highest prvelance was noted at neck (15%) and back (11.5%) followed by abdomen (10%) and ear (7.4%). Prevelence of the ectoparasites was found to be 6.2% at forelegs and 4% in congenital area, 4% around the shoulder and 6% around the hind legs, however, tail area was minimally affected (1.2%). Prevelance of Ct. felis was noted to be 35.96, Ct. canis 68.43%, Linognathus setosus 21.1% and Trichodectes canis 78.8%. Town wise incidences were found to be highest in Shalimar Town (62.91%) followed by Wagha Town (59.58%), Aziz Bhatti(59.16%), Data Ganj Bakhsh (55.41%), Nishtar Town (46.66%), Samanabad (44.3%), Iqbal Town (43.6%), Ravi Town (42%), Lahore Cantonment (41.6%) and Gulberg (40.4%). Rate of ectoparasites infestation was observed higher (P<0.05) in stray dogs (80.36%) followed by guard dogs (63.7%), hunting dogs (37.5%) and pet dogs (35.66%). Amongst the different seasons, rainy season showed higher lice prevalence (26.1%; 157/600), fleas (37.8%; 227/600), as compared to summer season and spring. Though, summer season was found to be unfavourable for the increase of almost all these insects. Comparative results of blood profile revealed significant difference (P<0.05) between non-infested and infested dogs, in the sort of lower value of infested/infected animals. To control the prevelance and ultimate effect of wingless insects on dog population applicable a well planned and control startegies as well as extension facilities should be arranged. Pet owners should be provided awareness about the significance of controlling the wingless insects to keep the pets and owner healthy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The length change and strength of mortar containing metakaolin (MK) and fly ash (FA) were investigated. Cement was partially replaced with 0-10% MK and 0-60% FA. Mortar specimens were subjected to water and mist curing at 20[degrees]C and air curing at [degrees]C and 60% relative humidity. The results show that there is noticeable shrinkage in mortars subjected to air curing, especially during the first 28 days. Beyond that age, there is little change in length. Increasing FA content under air curing reduced shrinkage. The incorporation of both 5% and 10% MK with varying amounts of FA further reduced shrinkage especially at 10% MK. As what can be expected, all mortars subjected to water curing exhibited an increase in length. Expansion was reduced when FA was present in the mix. However, mortars containing MK exhibited an increase in expansion under water curing with and without the inclusion of FA. Generally, for specimens subjected to mist curing, an expansion occurs during the first 15-30 days and beyond this age, shrinkage begins to take place. Replacing cement with 5% or 10% MK increases the compressive strength of mortar. The pozzolanic reaction of FA seems to get reduced as a result of preferential MK activity. CE Database subject headings: Expansion; Fly ash; Material properties; Mortars; Shrinkage.

India is one of the fastest developing countries in the world. The economic progress of a country depends on the proper functioning of the Banking Industry. The success of the banking industry depends on the employees of the banks. Here, the study aims to identify important factors influencing employees' work styles of private sector banks. Work style is the way of performing the work. The required data for the study is collected from all the 496 employees working in private sector banks in the study area. Factor Analysis, Cluster Analysis, and Chi- Square test have been applied. The analysis shows that Work Autonomous and Support from Colleagues are dominating factors of work style. Cluster Analysis depicts that most of the employees have monarch behaviour, and they can balance their work style. The behaviour of employees has an impact on the level of balance of work style. The study also suggests some possible implications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was conducted to investigate the distribution of gastrointestinal (GI) parasites and their control in sheep and goats of the three villages of Faisalabad, Pakistan. Faecal samples (n=347 each) were analyzed through McMaster egg counting technique. The comparative efficacy of the oral formulations of ivermectin (KEPROMAC ORAL® Holland) and levamisole (Nilverm® Pakistan) was evaluated at the recommended doses. Faecal samples were obtained directly from the recta at 1st, 7th, 14th and 21st day after treatment. The overall prevalence of the GI parasites was 81.27% in sheep and 54.47% in goats. Intrinsic determinants like age, sex and breed were found significantly (P=0.05) associated. Among various husbandry practices; grazing, hygienic conditions, housing systems, floor pattern and animal keeping system have shown significant effects (P=0.05). The post treatment Faecal Egg Count Reduction Test (FECRT) indicated reduction of eggs up to day 14 followed by increase at 21st day in both species. The efficacy of ivermectin was higher as compared to levamisole-treated group. However, the treated groups indicated significant reduction as compared to untreated control. The study provided the better choice of drug for preventive and/or therapeutic management of GI parasitism in sheep and goat populations of the selected villages of Faisalabad district, Punjab, Pakistan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study was conducted on 108 crossbred cows. All cows included had regular estrus cycle with normal estrus but failed to conceive. The animals were divided into 4 pre-artificial insemination and 4 post-artificial insemination treatment groups i.e. normal with treatment (n=18 each), repeat breeder with treatment (n=18 each), normal without treatment (n=9 each), repeat breeder without treatment (n=9 each). The animals not advocated any treatment were considered as control. 30 ml Levofloxacin, Ornidazole and --Tocopherol were infused intrauterine 10-12 hours pre-or post-artificial insemination and each cow was inseminated at mid-heat. The treatment response was assessed based on pregnancy diagnosis performed per rectum 55-60 days post insemination. The conception rate observed in normal and repeat breeding cows after pre-artificial insemination infusion of Levofloxacin, Ornidazole and -Tocopherol were 61.11 and 44.44%, respectively against 33.33 and 11.11% in untreated control groups and conception rates in normal and repeat breeding cows following post-artificial insemination intrauterine infusion were 66.66 and 50% respectively, as compared to their respective controls (44.44 and 22.22%) groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A total of 32 buffaloes were presented with history of calving 7-12 days, continuous straining and expulsion of massive quantity of foul-smelling mucopurulent discharge from vagina and decrease milk production. Per-rectal examination revealed enlarged and inflamed uterus and expulsion of copious amount of pus during straining on rectal palpation. All 32 (100 percent) animals showed complete clinical recovery after 3-5 days of therapy with Ceftiofur plus Tazobactam confirming higher clinical efficacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC) is a new type of concrete with improved features such as high strength, long service life, ductility, and toughness. UHPC’s energy-intensive cement and quartz sand may make it unsustainable despite its engineering expertise. Thus, a UHPC that is energy efficient and environmentally benign should use less energy-intensive components and industrial wastes. This review consolidates and critically reviews the latest global research on coal bottom ash (CBA) as a fine aggregate replacement material and nano-calcium silicate hydrate (C–S–H) as concrete additives. Based on the critical evaluation, replacing aggregate with CBA up to 60% improves strength by 23%. Since high-quality natural sand is depleting and CBA output is increasing due to coal power plants, the concrete industry can use CBA as an aggregate. However, CBA as an aggregate substitute in UHPC has been scarcely reported. Besides, nanomaterial technologies like nano-C–S–H have also been proven to increase traditional concrete’s strength by 33%. But, their impact on UHPC has yet to be fully explored. Thus, to develop UHPC with a lower carbon footprint and comparable or better performance to market-available UHPC, further research on CBA as aggregate replacement in UHPC with nano-C–S–H as an additive on mechanical durability and microstructure is needed.

In the modern scenario of globalization, it has become a competitive one to keep the consumers in fold and even keep our natural environment safe. Green marketing is a phenomenon which has developed in the modern market and has emerged as an important concept in India as in other parts of the developing and developed countries which is seen as an important strategy of facilitating sustainable development. A majority of organizations around the world are making an attempt to reduce the harmful impact of production processes on the climate and other environmental conditions. They have comprehensively utilized the word green in marketing campaigns in the form of green marketing, green supply chains, green retailing, green consumers, green products, etc. hence the businesses and the marketers are taking the indication and are going green for the betterment of the entire society. This study is to analyze the thoughts of consumers on green marketing practices in Virudhunagar district. The researcher has used the factor analysis to identify the factors influencing the thoughts of consumers towards green marketing practices. The result reveals that advertisement and media, environmental protection, recycling of waste, green buying behaviour and preference of green products are the most influencing variables towards green marketing practices in Virudhunagar district. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to analyze the socio-economic and banking profile of the customers and the level of banking penetration of rural areas of Sivakasi. This study contains both primary data and secondary data. The researcher has used convenient sampling technique for the selection of the 200 sample respondents. Percentage analysis is used throughout the study. The researcher has applied the Chi-Square test by using of SPSS to test the relationship between socioeconomic profiles of the respondents such as gender, age, educational status, family monthly income, and employment status, and their level of penetration. The Chi-Square test result reveals that there is no significant association between gender of the respondents and the level of penetration and there is significant association between socio-economic variables such as age, educational status, family monthly income, and employment status, and the level of penetration. In order to find whether the level of penetration differs on the basis of type of bank, purpose of opening bank account, and number of year's deals with bank account, the researcher has applied Kruskal Wallis test with the help of SPSS. Kruskal Wallis test results found that there is significant difference in the level of penetration on the basis of type of the bank, purpose of opening bank account, and number of year's deals with bank. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]