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Rice is a major food crop for a significant population of the world and increase in its yield is a priority to ensure nutrition for many countries. Thus it is important to protect the crop from the various diseases that affect the crop. With the advent of machine learning, a number of methods have been proposed to identify diseases after the occurrence as well as at an early stage. Diagnose of these predators before occurrence can be much more beneficial. Journal papers that used rice as a major crop were considered eligible. In this review, an attempt is made to understand the preferred machine learning methods and algorithms that can be employed to detect various diseases and pest as well as predict crop yield of the rice crop. It is expected to be beneficial to all who wish to use machine learning in agriculture that can lead to constructive research in this area.

The present study aimed at predicting the potential habitat of Western Hoolock Gibbon (Hoolock hoolock) in the upper Brahmaputra River Valley, Assam, India, and identifying priority conservation areas for the species, taking canopy cover into account. We used the maximum entropy algorithm for the prediction of the potential habitat of the gibbon using its current distribution with 19 environmental parameters as primary predictors. Spatio-temporal analyses of the habitat were carried out using satellite-based remote sensing and GIS techniques for two decades (1998–2018) along with Terra Modis Vegetation Continuous Field product to examine land use land cover (LULC), habitat fragmentation, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and tree cover percentage of the study area. To identify the conservation priority area, we applied a cost-effective decision-making analysis using systematic conservation prioritization in R programming. The model predicted an area of 6025 km2 under high potential habitat, a major part of which was found to overlap with dense forest (80%), followed by moderately open forest (74%) and open forest (66%). The LULC change matrix showed a reduction of forest area in the predicted high potential habitat during the study period, while agricultural class showed an increasing trend. The fragmentation analysis indicated that the number of patches and patch density increased from 2008 to 2018 in the ‘very dense’ and ‘dense’ canopy regions of the gibbon habitat. Based on the conservation priority analysis, a 640 km2 area has been proposed to conserve a minimum of 10% of gibbon habitat. The current analysis revealed that in the upper Brahmaputra Valley most areas under dense forest and dense canopy have remained intact over the last two decades, at least within the high potential habitat zone of gibbons independent of the degree of area change in forest, agriculture and plantation.

Enabling embedded System developed for working in a network environment can provide a lot of opportunities in monitoring and controlling of same from different geographical areas. It may be in a peer to peer type or client server type depending on type of application. Adding web features for such an application, system will be accessible from anywhere from the web. System developed here mainly focus on the issues of possibility of deployment of the system from LAN and Web. Stated study is a microcontroller based embedded system for monitoring and controlling of parameters like temperature and humidity. It can be implemented using simple client server technology as well as web technology. Users belong to the organizational domain can use their own Intranet for monitoring and controlling of parameters designed on simple client server technology whereas users beyond the scope of Intranet can use Internet interface designed using web technology. Both the technologies are having its own advantages as well as disadvantages. This paper explores the technological implications of the system using client server as well as web technology.

Though embedded applications were originally built on standalone devices, nowadays these devices require a growing integration with other systems through their interconnection with TCP/IP networks. Web Services, which provide a service oriented distributed architecture for the interconnection of systems through TCP/IP networks, have been widely adopted for the integration of business applications, but this sort of integration is still not widely provided by embedded applications. The present work aims to demonstrate the feasibility of using Web Services for the integration of embedded applications running on heterogeneous architectures. This is achieved through the provision of a support for the development and deployment of web services for embedded applications. Basic objective of the system developed is to monitor and control Humidity and Temperature through Internet using interactive computer front end. The feasibility of this approach in terms of security and authentications of its Internet users is demonstrated by developing an mail server along with application deployed. Mail server keeps track of authorised users’ with login password and email ID in a database table. This information is used to identify authorised users who are allowed to make changes in control parameters of the stated embedded application.

This paper discuss the tradeoffs in implementation of Data Acquisition software developed for an embedded system for monitoring and controlling temperature and humidity running on real time Linux operating system. Real world physical parameters such as temperature and humidity are beyond the control of software processes running in the computer and are independent real world incidents are not governed by scheduling policies. They occur simultaneously but independently, when different real world data is manipulated through software processes, the different data acquisition task that are under some scheduling criteria of the computer should be able to cope up with the real world data generated by unscheduled real world event. This paper discusses the difficulties associated with the data acquisition software developed on real time Linux operating system. This paper also proposes a solution for solving data acquisition problem associated with software processes for manipulating multiple different real world physical parameters on a computer system. This experiment also serves as an excellent example of overhead associated with process switching while manipulating data of different systems.

System developed for the stated study is a microcontroller based embedded system for monitoring and controlling of parameters like temperature and humidity. It can be implemented using simple client server technology as well as web technology. Users belong to the organizational domain can use their own Intranet for monitoring and controlling of parameters designed on simple client server technology whereas users beyond the scope of Intranet can use Internet interface designed using web technology. Both the technologies are having its own advantages as well as disadvantages. This paper explores the technological implications of the system using client server as well as web technology. Embedded hardware circuit is fabricated in to two separate digital circuits connecting two COM ports of Embedded server. First circuit will monitor temperature and humidity and display same in LCD. Application program executed in computer reads COM port and display the same in monitor and store in database. Second digital circuit will provide necessary hardware control of devices for controlling of temperature and humidity automatically. It is implemented through relay based on the user entered set value of temperature and humidity which is stored in database of computer. Developed system enable its both Intranet as well as or Internet users for monitoring and setting new values of temperature and humidity through the respective front end.