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Copyright of AIDS & Behavior is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Latar belakang. Human immunodeficiency virus / Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome pada anak merupakan masalah kesehatan global yang serius. Penurunan sistem imun yang diukur melalui nilai CD4 seringkali diperparah oleh status gizi yang buruk, yang dapat memengaruhi perkembangan penyakit dan kualitas hidup pasien. Studi tentang hubungan antara status gizi dan nilai CD4 pada anak dengan HIV/AIDS masih terbatas. Tujuan. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui hubungan antara status gizi dengan nilai CD4 pada pasien anak dengan Sindrom Imunodefisiensi Akuisita. Metode. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan penelitian analitik observasional dengan penegakan potong lintang. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan Maret 2023 – Juni 2023. Hasil. Sebanyak 36 pasien anak dengan Sindrom Imunodefisiensi Akuisita dilibatkan dalam penelitian ini. Berdasarkan analisis deskriptif, rerata usia pasien sebesar 9,25±2,99 tahun. Selain itu, sebagian besar pasien merupakan perempuan, yakni sebanyak 19 pasien (52,8%) sedangkan untuk pasien laki-laki sebanyak17 pasien (47,2%). Sebagian besar pasien memiliki nilai CD4 normal, yakni sebesar 27 pasien (75,0%), sedangkan pasien yang memiliki nilai CD4 rendah, yakni sebesar 9 pasien (25,0%). Hasil analisis Chi-square menunjukkan bahwa tidak terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara status gizi dengan nilai CD4 pada pasien anak dengan Sindrom Imunodefisiensi Akuisita (p=0,079; two-tailed). Kesimpulan. Tidak terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara status gizi dengan nilai CD4 pada pasien anak dengan Sindrom Imunodefisiensi Akuisita

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The emergent properties resulting from selective supramolecular interactions are of significant importance for materials and chemical systems. For the directed use of such properties, a fundamental understanding of the interaction mechanism and the resulting mode of function is necessary for a tailored design. The self‐induced diastereomeric anisochronism effect (SIDA), which occurs in the intermolecular interaction of chiral molecules, generates unique properties such as chiral self‐recognition and nonlinear effects. Here we show that anisidine amino acid diamides lead to extraordinary signal splitting in NMR spectra through supramolecular interaction and homochiral self‐recognition. By systematic experiments we have investigated the underlying SIDA effect, explored its limits and finally successfully utilized it in the determination of enantiomeric ratios by NMR spectroscopy of chiral 'SIDA‐inactive' compounds such as thalidomide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abtract: Digestive symptoms in HIV patients are frequent and little-known. Their management varies from symptomatic treatment to specialised care by the gastroenterologist. Our aim is to determine these manifestations in HIV patients through a retrospective study including all HIV-positive patients followed at the University Hospital of Fez. These manifestations were essentially liquid diarrhoea in 62 patients (27%), epigastralgia in 40 patients (17.5%), chronic abdominal pain in 10 patients (5%), apyretic hepatic colic in six patients and defecatory rectorrhagia (n = 4, 2.8%). Complications such as post-viral B cirrhosis with ascitic decompensation occurred in one patient (0.4%) and an association with IBD was found in three patients. Complications such as liver abscesses and lymphoma were also reported. Our study is the first large-scale study in Morocco to focus solely on digestive manifestations in HIV patients, and provides a gastroenterologist's perspective on the management of this complex pathology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de la Facultad de Medicina Humana is the property of Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Biomedicas de la Universidad Ricardo Palma and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of AIDS & Behavior is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Actualités Pharmaceutiques is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

AbstractIn this paper we offer an empirically rich, longitudinal account of the role and influence of externally sourced experts by the Swedish development aid agency, Sida, from the 1960s until present times. We describe what type of expertise has been required from external experts and how the content and rituals of these contracted experts have contributed – or not – to perceptions of trust and certainty. In the paper we present three eras, all with their distinctive features on the normative rationale and forms for external expertise; 1. 1960s–ca 1995: the Quick-fix implementer era; 2. Ca 1995–ca 2005: the Collaborative turn era; and 3. Ca 2005–2020s: the Proper organization proxy era. We suggest that a mission drift has occurred in Swedish aid as concerns both the in-house expert role of aid bureaucrats and the role of procured experts. The paper concludes that all throughout, external experts have served an important function – that of making organizations in the donor role less uncertain of their decisions on which organizations should receive funding. Interestingly, however, the use of external experts has in all times given rise to additional uncertainty, which, in turn, has called for even more experts. We also find that external experts have repeatedly been criticized for ineffectiveness and consultocracy, meaning that consultants have been influential in the formulation and implementation of policies aimed at restructuring public services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Histoplasmosis is a deep mycosis that affects multiple organs, including the skin and bone marrow. CLINICAL CASE: A 36-year-old male patient diagnosed with HIV and cutaneous histoplasmosis, which manifested as a disseminated dermatosis on the neck, trunk, upper and lower extremities, characterized by papular neoformations of 1-3 mm in diameter, some of them umbilicated, erythematous and hyperpigmented, light brown in color. He had a good response to treatment with amphotericin B and later with itraconazole, as well as antiretroviral therapy. CONCLUSIONS: Histoplasmosis is a common opportunistic mycosis in patients with HIV infection and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), which usually starts nonspecifically and may subsequently presents as a disseminated variant. The skin lesions show a heterogeneous morphology, such as umbilicated papules, nodules, vegetating plaques and/or macules. Amphotericin B and itraconazole are first-line treatments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Agriculture & Nature / Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tarım & Doğa Dergisi is the property of Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam Universitesi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Cirugía y Cirujanos is the property of Publicidad Permanyer SLU and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Actas de Diseño is the property of Facultad de Diseno y Comunicacion, Fundacion Universidad de Palermo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Medicina (Buenos Aires) is the property of Medicina (Buenos Aires) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introducción: La infección por el virus VIH/Sida, provoca un deterioro gradual del sistema inmunológico. Objetivo: caracterizar el nivel de conocimiento sobre el virus VIH/Sida en los estudiantes de 3er a 7mo semestre de la Universidad Regional Autónoma de los Andes Ambato. Método: Se realizó una investigación descriptiva-cuantitativo y transversal, la recolección de la información se utilizó un cuestionario en forma de encuestas, la población estuvo conformada por un total de 136 estudiantes de enfermería de dicha Universidad. Se utilizaron los siguientes métodos: inductivo-deductivo, analítico – sintético. Luego se procedió a la tabulación de los datos mediante tablas y gráficos. Resultados: 71 % de los encuestados conoce la diferencia que existe entre VIH y SIDA, 70 % de los estudiantes conoce acerca del sexo seguro. Un 78 % de los encuestados nunca se ha realizado una prueba de VIH, 79 % muestra mayor conocimiento ante esta interrogante. El 27 % de los encuestados ha tenido más de una pareja sexual. De acuerdo al nivel de conocimientos de los estudiantes de la vía de transmisión del VIH-Sida, el 71 % de estudiantes responden que conocen la vía de transmisión por relaciones sexuales sin protección; el 46 % de los estudiantes adquirieron la información acerca del VIH en la universidad. Conclusiones: en los estudiantes de la carrera de enfermería de la Universidad Regional Autónoma de los Andes Ambato predominó un buen nivel de conocimientos sobre el VIH/sida. La escuela, fue identificada como principal proveedor de información

Copyright of Tesla Revista Científica is the property of Puerto Madero Editorial Academica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introducción. El objetivo de la siguiente revisión fue caracterizar la adherencia al tratamiento antirretroviral en pacientes adultos con VIH-SIDA en las dimensiones de grado de adherencia y factores de riesgo. Metodología. La presente revisión de la evidencia se llevó a cabo utilizando varios estudios que se hubieran publicado en los últimos 10 años en cualquier país a nivel mundial; la búsqueda de información se hizo en las bases de datos SciELO, PubMed, LILACS y Dialnet. Resultados. Se identificaron un total de 227 artículos; de los cuales, se excluyeron 211 publicaciones por no cumplir con los criterios de elegibilidad y finalmente los estudios que se incluyeron en esta investigación, fueron 14. Discusión. La falta de adherencia al tratamiento antirretroviral es un problema latente que se puso de manifiesto en la evidencia científica analizada y a partir de los diferentes estudios que fueron recabados, se encontró que más de la mitad de los pacientes si fueron adherentes; mientras que en otros, ocurrió totalmente lo contrario y en relación a los factores de riesgo asociados a la falta de adherencia, se identificaron los siguientes: factores relacionados con el régimen terapéutico (aparición de reacciones adversas; presencia de comorbilidades; mayor tiempo bajo tratamiento), relacionados con el individuo (estrés, depresión, estigma, olvido, consumo de sustancias psicoactivas y alcohol, grado académico, sexo masculino y menor edad) y relacionados con la situación social (falta de apoyo social familiar). ABSTRACT Introduction. The objective of the following review was to characterize adherence to antiretroviral treatment in adult patients with HIV-AIDS, in the dimensions of degree of adherence and risk factors. Methodology. This evidence review was carried out using several studies that have been published in the last 10 years in any country worldwide; the information search was carried out in the SciELO, PubMed, LILACS and Dialnet databases. Results. A total of 227 articles were identified; of which, 211 publications were excluded for not meeting the eligibility criteria and finally the studies that were included in this research were 14. Discussion. Lack of adherence to antiretroviral treatment is a latent problem that was highlighted in the scientific evidence analysed and from the different studies that were collected, it was found that more than half of the patients were adherent; while in others, the complete opposite occurred and in relation to the risk factors associated with non-adherence, the following were identified: factors related to the therapeutic regimen (occurrence of adverse reactions; presence of comorbidities; longer time under treatment), factors related to the individual (stress, depression, stigma, forgetfulness, consumption of psychoactive substances and alcohol, academic grade, male sex and younger age) and factors related to the social situation (lack of family social support).

Introduction: One of the millennium challenges worldwide is to fight the advance of the human immunodeficiency virus/aids. Objective: To characterize the sick population with clinical onset of AIDS according to sociodemographic and epidemiologic variables. Methods: An observational and descriptive study was carried out, from 2017 to 2021, of 87 people diagnosed with clinical onset of AIDS in Santiago de Cuba province. In the statistical analysis, measures of central tendency and dispersion were used, as well as the distribution of absolute and relative frequencies; also, confidence intervals of 95% were computed for the proportions of selected variables. Results: The average age in the series was 42 years (79.3%), likewise, there was a prevalence of the male sex (91.9%), single as marital status (91.9%), working bond (72.4%), mixed race (52.8%) and black skin color (39.3%), and the urban origin (73.5%). The anal coitus was the main way of infection (84.0%), while the majority of the affected individuals of both sexes (65.2% in males and 66.7% in females) did not use condoms and homosexuality predominated among men (55.0%). Conclusions: The clinical onset of AIDS prevailed in young and single men, with working bond, among whom risky sexual behaviors were very significant.

El artículo que presentamos entrega el caso de un paciente masculino de 45 años de edad, con reciente diagnóstico de VIH con linfoma de Burkitt y síndrome de Guillain Barré, con la finalidad de estudiar, a partir de estudios previos, su sintomatología, diagnóstico y pronóstico para brindar un manejo adecuado que permita incrementar la esperanza y la calidad de vida de las personas infectadas. La infección por VIH es considerada a nivel global como uno de los problemas de salud pública con mayor relevancia, debido también al surgimiento de otras enfermedades y complicaciones infecciosas que representan problemas para la salud como son el riesgo de aparición de neoplasias malignas a consecuencia de una inmunidad celular deteriorada, entre estas los linfomas no Hodgkin (LNH), que son las neoplasias más frecuentemente observadas en este grupo de pacientes y considerada una enfermedad definitoria de Síndrome de Inmuno deficiencia adquirida (SIDA), cuyo linfoma B difuso de células grandes y el linfoma de Burkitt son las variantes más comunes. Adicionalmente, los trastornos neuromusculares como el síndrome de Guillain Barré (SGB), constituyen otro grupo de complicaciones relacionadas al VIH que, aunque no resultan ser tan frecuentes, deben hacer sospechar de la presencia de infección por VIH. Incluso se revela que existe una posible relación patogénica que vincula estas tres patologías, asociada con la existencia de SGB paraneoplásico, principalmente asociado con linfomas. Estas entidades pueden representar complicaciones para los pacientes con esta condición, por lo tanto, realizar un diagnóstico oportuno resulta esencial.

Introduction: One of the millennium challenges worldwide is to fight the advance of the human immunodeficiency virus/aids. Objective: To characterize the sick population with clinical onset of AIDS according to sociodemographic and epidemiologic variables. Methods: An observational and descriptive study was carried out, from 2017 to 2021, of 87 people diagnosed with clinical onset of AIDS in Santiago de Cuba province. In the statistical analysis, measures of central tendency and dispersion were used, as well as the distribution of absolute and relative frequencies; also, confidence intervals of 95% were computed for the proportions of selected variables. Results: The average age in the series was 42 years (79.3%), likewise, there was a prevalence of the male sex (91.9%), single as marital status (91.9%), working bond (72.4%), mixed race (52.8%) and black skin color (39.3%), and the urban origin (73.5%). The anal coitus was the main way of infection (84.0%), while the majority of the affected individuals of both sexes (65.2% in males and 66.7% in females) did not use condoms and homosexuality predominated among men (55.0%). Conclusions: The clinical onset of AIDS prevailed in young and single men, with working bond, among whom risky sexual behaviors were very significant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Comprehensive yeast strain characterization is an important issue for the wine industry as market demands require controlled production of distinctive high-quality wines. Glycosides form an important reservoir of varietal grape wine aroma, and their hydrolysis into olfactory-active compounds essentially depends on the fermenting yeast genera and strains. Among the 14 Metschnikowia, Pichia, Torulaspora and 18 Saccharomyces spp., rapid screenings by agar plate and activity assay, including the substrates arbutin, cellobiose and p-nitrophenol-β-D-glucopyranoside, revealed the most glycosidase-active strains. In the novel co-fermentation setups, five selected non-Saccharomyces and a Saccharomyces strain were separated by a 14 kDa cut-off membrane, allowing respective viable cell counts but facilitating metabolite transfer. Chemical analysis focused on aroma glycosides, with extensive quantification by GC-MS with SIDA on the extracted and hydrolyzed compounds. Olfactory profiles obtained for the non-Saccharomyces wines demonstrated a significant impact of these yeasts, albeit mainly correlated with increased hydrolysis of monoterpene glycosides, and surpassed by a technical Aspergillus niger enzyme. While screenings of non-Saccharomyces strains indicated enhanced glucosidase activity under winemaking conditions, their effect was lower than expected and dominated by ester formation. Interestingly, Saccharomyces yeast cell vitality was increased via in co-fermentation, and non-Saccharomyces strains displayed extended viabilities with high ethanol tolerances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is an analytical technique largely applied in the analysis of discrimination processes involving enantiomeric substrates and chiral agents, which can interact with the analyte either via covalent bonding or via formation of diastereomeric solvates. However, enantiodiscrimination has been observed, in some cases, even in the absence of any additional chiral selector. The reasons behind this phenomenon must be found in the capability of some chiral substrates to interact with themselves by forming diastereomeric solvates in solution that can generate nonequivalences in the NMR spectra of enantiomerically enriched mixtures. As a result, differentiation of enantiomers is observed, thus allowing the quantification of the enantiomeric composition of the mixture under investigation. The tendency of certain substrates to self-aggregate and to generate diastereomeric adducts in solution can be defined as Self-Induced Diastereomeric Anisochrony (SIDA), but other acronyms have been used to refer to this phenomenon. In the present work, an overview of SIDA processes investigated via NMR spectroscopy will be provided, with a particular emphasis on the nature of the substrates involved, on the interaction mechanisms at the basis of the phenomenon, and on theoretical treatments proposed in the literature to explain them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: recent studies have suggested the use of neck circumference as a parameter capable of identifying risks of cardiometabolic complications and the accumulation of truncal fat caused by both antiretroviral therapy and the lifestyle of people with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Objective: to investigate the relationship between neck circumference and anthropometric indicators and to assess cardiometabolic risk and truncal obesity through proposed cut-off points. Methods: cross-sectional study including 233 people with HIV. Demographic, socioeconomic, lifestyle and clinical data were collected using a structured questionnaire. The anthropometric evaluation included: weight, height, body mass index (BMI) measurements; waist (wC), neck (NC), arm and arm muscle circumferences; triceps and subscapular skinfolds and their sum. ROC curves were constructed to determine the accuracy of NC in predicting cardiometabolic risk in people living with HIV. Results: the sample was 57.5 % male, with a mean age of 38.4 years (95 %CI: 37.2-39.7 years). NC showed a positive and significant correlation with all anthropometric variables analyzed (p < 0.05), and a higher correlation strength with wC and BMI. The NC cut-off point selected as a predictor of risk of cardiac metabolic complications and truncal obesity in women was ≥ 32.4 cm, considering both WC and BMI. For men, the NC cut-off points were different when considering WC (≥ 39.6 cm) and BMI (≥ 38.1 cm) as a reference. It is worth noting that NC performed well in ROC curve analysis for men, while in women it was a poor performance. Conclusion: NC proved to be a promising indicator in the assessment of nutrition and health of people living with HIV, especially in men. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Furan and 2-methylfuran (2-MF) are food contaminants that are classified as potentially carcinogenic to humans. The main source of exposure for adults via food is coffee consumption. Furan and 2-MF are volatile, which complicates exposure assessment because their content measured in food prior to consumption does not afford a reliable dosimetry. Therefore, other ways of exposure assessment need to be developed, preferably by monitoring exposure biomarkers, e.g., selected metabolites excreted in urine. In this study, cis-2-buten-1,4-dial (BDA)-derived urinary furan metabolites Lys-BDA (l-2-amino-6-(2,5-dihydro-2-oxo-1H-pyrrol-1-yl)hexanoic acid), AcLys-BDA (l-2-(acetylamino)-6-(2,5-dihydro-2-oxo-1H-pyrrol-1-yl)hexanoic acid) and GSH-BDA (N-[4-carboxy-4-(3-mercapto-1H-pyrrol-1-yl)-1-oxobutyl]-l-cysteinyl-glycine cyclic sulfide), as well as acetyl acrolein (AcA, 2-oxo-pent-2-enal)-derived metabolites Lys-AcA (l-2-(acetylamino)-6-(2,5-dihydro-5-methyl-2-oxo-1H-pyrrol-1-yl)-hexanoic acid) and AcLys-AcA (l-2-amino-6-(2,5-dihydro-5-methyl-2-oxo-1H-pyrrol-1-yl)-hexanoic acid) and their stable isotopically labeled analogs, were synthesized and characterized through NMR and MS, and a stable isotope dilution analysis (SIDA) with UPLC-ESI-MS/MS was established. As a proof of concept, urinary samples of a four-day human intervention study were used. In the frame of this study, ten subjects ingested 500 mL of coffee containing 0.648 µmol furan and 1.059 µmol 2-MF. Among the furan metabolites, AcLys-BDA was the most abundant, followed by Lys-BDA and GSH-BDA. Exposure to 2-MF via the coffee brew led to the formation of Lys-AcA and AcLys-AcA. Within 24 h, 89.1% of the ingested amount of furan and 15.4% of the ingested amount of 2-MF were detected in the urine in the form of the investigated metabolites. Therefore, GSH-BDA, Lys-BDA, AcLys-BDA, Lys-AcA and AcLys-AcA may be suitable as short-term-exposure biomarkers of furan and 2-MF exposure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Desde 1981, el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana ha afectado a más de 75 millones de personas en el mundo. La prevención, el diagnóstico temprano y, ante todo el empleo de la terapia antirretroviral, ha disminuido su morbimortalidad. Sin embargo, su cura y el desarrollo de una vacuna efectiva aún son objetivos no alcanzables a corto plazo. Una de las barreras para obtener su control es la persistencia crónica de los virus o sus subproductos en los denominados reservorios celulares, lo que induce un proceso inflamatorio crónico complejo que se manifiesta clínicamente como enfermedad cardiovascular, diversos tipos de cáncer, envejecimiento precoz, entre otras patologías. Los procesos intrínsecos que llevan a estos trastornos han estado siendo investigados a profundidad en los últimos años y la epigenética, definida como el estudio de las modificaciones que afectan de manera directa la expresión de los genes, pero sin cambios en la secuencia del ácido desoxirribonuncleico, puede ayudar a desentrañar estos retos. En esta revisión se analizan los mecanismos epigenéticos, como la metilación del ácido desoxirribonuncleico, las modificaciones en histonas y el ácido ribonucleico no codificante, como posibles blancos en el diagnóstico y tratamiento de la inflamación crónica y sus consecuencias clínicas asociadas al virus de inmunodeficiencia humana/sida.

Cet article identifie les points communs et différences conceptuelles du terme de “construction” selon qu’il est utilisé en sociologie ou en psychanalyse, dans les études portant sur les prises de risque sexuel liées au VIH/sida chez les homosexuels masculins. Il se base sur une analyse du discours épidémiologique en santé publique, sur la notion de “construction sociale” du risque de sida, puis sur l’étude du texte freudien “Constructions dans l’analyse”. L’exemple d’un cas montre comment le risque de sida peut faire l’objet d’une construction psychique et sociale contribuant à la prévention.

El presente artículo presenta el proyecto The Touching Community (2015-2022) del bailarín, coreógrafo y pedagogo Aimar Pérez Galí como un ejemplo paradigmático de la politización del duelo queer que han analizado autoras como Sarah Ahmed y Judith Butler. Se profundiza en las múltiples materializaciones de este proyecto performativo con la intención de estudiar la potencialidad de la danza colectiva para desarrollar nuevas y necesarias formas de duelo y de conmemoración a modo de políticas de duelo queer. El engarce en la investigación de Pérez Galí entre las consecuencias de la crisis del sida en el ámbito de la danza en países hispanoparlantes y la teoría del duelo queer contemporánea, nos servirá para acceder desde unas tecnologías del duelo encarnadas a aquellas demandas de dignificación de vidas abyectas, así como a las potencias políticas de plantear una nueva ontología corporal común basada en la vulnerabilidad.

γ-Nonalactone is a linear aliphatic lactone ubiquitous in wine, associated with coconut, sweet, and stone fruit aroma descriptors. Little research has been conducted looking at the importance of this compound to New Zealand (NZ) wine aroma. 2H213C2-γ-Nonalactone, a novel isotopologue of γ-nonalactone, was synthesised in this work for use in a stable isotope dilution assay (SIDA) for quantification of γ-nonalactone in NZ Pinot noir wines for the first time. Synthesis was carried out using heptaldehyde as the starting material, and 13C atoms and 2H atoms were introduced via Wittig olefination and deuterogenation steps, respectively. The suitability of this compound as an internal standard was demonstrated by spiking model wine at normal and elevated conditions during sample preparation, with subsequent analysis via mass spectrometry showing stability of 2H213C2-γ-nonalactone. A model wine calibration, with concentrations of γ-nonalactone from 0 to 100 µg L−1, was shown to have excellent linearity (R2 > 0.99), reproducibility (0.72%), and repeatability (0.38%). Twelve NZ Pinot noir wines, representative of a range of NZ Pinot noir–producing regions, prices, and vintages, were analysed by solid-phase extraction–gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (SPE-GC–MS). The concentrations of γ-nonalactone ranged from 8.3 to 22.5 µg L−1, the latter of which was close to the odour detection threshold of this compound. These findings provide a basis for further research into γ-nonalactone and its impact on NZ Pinot noir aroma and provide a robust method for the quantification of this compound in Pinot noir. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The construction of actions for health education about HIV/AIDS in Brazil, is essential for the development of universality in health, the preservation of autonomy, the right to information, integrality, social inclusion and other factors. With them, we should aim at promoting the quality of life of the people who are living with HIV and not only at preventing new infections. Thus, this manuscript aims to present - and provoke - reflections through the content of the virtual platform Deu Positivo, e Agora?, aimed at HIV-positive young people and created by the UNAIDS and UNESCO, about ways to educate in health with regard to seropositivity, considering the quality of life of people living with the virus. Therefore, a bibliographic survey and document analysis were used and tensioned by a discourse analysis. Starting on education dynamics based on dialogues about selfacceptance, the materials available on the platform are important tools that can also be used in different educational environments. The videos bring a lot of reflections about networks for support, marital relationships and information from the legal field, demonstrating that it is possible to experience seropositivity in a productive way. Thus, the website is an effective alternative for health education, because demystifies representations about seropositivity and promotes dialogue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyzes a mathematical model for the dynamics of HIV/AIDS, in which study six behaviors corresponding to five stages of progression of the disease: the phase susceptible, the phase without diagnosis, the phase of diagnosis without viral suppression, with viral suppression and with AIDS, is also considered a protected population under the action of pre-exposure prophylaxis. It is also considered a rate of immigrants in the populations of undiagnosed and diagnosed without viral suppression. With the proposed model, equilibrium points are sought, in which, due to immigration there is no trivial equilibrium point and therefore the basic reproductive number of disease cannot be calculated. Numerical simulations are carried out, and parameters are estimated with data from the city of Pasto, in Colombia, from where it can be seen that timely diagnosis and prevalence in the use of antiretrovirals are very effective in controlling the disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The theme of sexuality in old age is full of prejudice, stigmatization and discrimination, coming from the most diverse social sectors. The desexualization of the geriatric population that permeates social ideology greatly contributes to misinformation about safe sexual practices in this age group. From this perspective, the 2019 DATASUS data reflect this scenario by mentioning that around 1059 deaths of individuals belonging to the elderly population were recorded, among the 7773 deaths caused by complications arising from HIV infection. Therefore, in view of these data, it is increasingly necessary to carry out actions aimed at health promotion and education for the elderly. With this objective, based on the experiences of medical students with the elderly in the group “Idosos da Alegria de Viver”, through the application of the Sexuality in the Third Age questionnaire and the distribution of booklets that addressed the main points about the virus HIV and AIDS it was possible to implement these educational actions for this public data. In this way, through dialogue and active listening of the research participants, the students were able to extract that about half of the interviewees expressed not knowing how to proceed with a possible HIV infection and not knowing about pre-exposure prophylaxis to HIV, thus demonstrating the gaps present in the health area. Finally, it is believed that the participation of academics in the research project provided the opportunity to experience the implementation of educational health actions for the target audience by contributing to the improvement of the doctor-patient relationship and more humanized active listening as well as dialogue intergenerational relationship between doctors under construction and their future patients. In this way, it is expected that the now-veiled voices of elderly people will be increasingly heard by everyone, including health professionals, whether during training or after training, because every human being deserves the right to listen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The case report of a patient infected by the human immunodeficiency virus in early symptomatic phase is described, who was seen at the Dermatology Service of the Dr. León Cuervo Rubio Teaching Clinical Surgical Hospital of Pinar del Río for presenting infiltrated erythematous lesions of three months of evolution in the right lower limb, with altered pain and thermal sensation. A basiloscopic and histopathologic study was indicated, which confirmed the presumptive diagnosis of borderline tuberculoid leprosy, and therefore polychemotherapy combined with antiretroviral therapy was started, which favored the patient's evolution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Introducción. Las conductas sexuales de riesgo hacen referencia a un fenómeno social, multifactorial, sociocultural y prevenible que está vinculado con la exposición del sujeto a daños en la salud física, sexual y reproductiva, mediante la actividad sexual sin protección. Las principales conductas de riesgo aluden a cuestiones comportamentales y de falta de conocimientos sobre las infecciones de transmisión sexual, vinculadas con: la realización de prácticas sexuales sin protección, la percepción sobre el riesgo, el número de parejas sexuales, la falta de educación sexual, el consumo de drogas y/o alcohol, el trabajo sexual, el sexo casual, el inicio precoz en las relaciones sexuales, las desigualdades de género y mantener sexo con personas y/o parejas con alguna infección de transmisión sexual. Metodología. Se realizó una investigación cuantitativa con el objetivo de analizar la relación entre las conductas sexuales de riesgo, el nivel de satisfacción con la vida, el estigma interiorizado y percibido. La muestra la conformaron 198 pacientes seropositivos de un hospital de segundo nivel del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS) de Nuevo León (México), seleccionados a través de un muestreo probabilístico aleatorio simple. Como técnica de recolección de los datos se utilizó un cuestionario autoadministrado compuesto por datos sociodemográficos de la muestra, cuestiones sobre conductas sexuales de riesgo y las escalas Likert de satisfacción con la vida, estigma interiorizado y discriminación percibida (temor a la discriminación y discriminación real). Se realizaron análisis descriptivos, de comparación de medias en función a las conductas sexuales y correlacionales entre las escalas aplicadas. Resultados. Los resultados mostraron que existe una relación directamente proporcional entre el estigma internalizado, la percepción sobre la discriminación y la discriminación real. Asimismo, se constató que se producen diferencias significativas en cuanto a las conductas sexuales de riesgo en pacientes seropositivos. Discusión. Se observaron niveles superiores de estigma en pacientes monógamos, que consumen drogas, con otras infecciones de transmisión sexual, que no utilizan preservativo, que ocultan su estatus a sus parejas y no tiene adherencia al tratamiento. Conclusiones. Los resultados advierten la necesidad de retomar la perspectiva de los procesos de estigmatización en las políticas y en las propuestas de intervención orientadas a la salud sexual, así como promover medidas formativas especializadas a los profesionales de la salud.

From the point of view of accounting science, the culture of giving donations that causes a form of payment and occurs in community groups can refer to the recognition of transactions called the basis of accounting. The culture of paying between families in community groups has affected the structure of society itself. This study aims to examine the "SIDA" tradition that occurs in Manggarai from an accounting point of view. Manggarai is one of the districts in East Nusa Tenggara, which also has a culture of payment obligations called Sida. This study uses qualitative methods through observation and in-depth interviews with community groups in Manggarai. The culture of sida in this study is sidalaki (donations for wedding events), sidamata (gifts for death events), and sidapenti (donations for thanksgiving events). The results show that the culture of sida, Sidalaki (wedding ceremony donations), sidamata (death event donations), and sidapenti (thanksgiving event donations) in Manggarai, implies accrual-based accounting or accrual basis in the process, namely recognition of obligations, income from the sida.

Objetivo: Determinar las principales causas de muerte y los factores asociados en los pacientes infectados con el VIH ingresados en el hospital del Instituto de Medicina Tropical “Pedro Kourí” durante los años 2017-2018. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo de casos y controles para determinar las causas de la muerte y algunos factores asociados a ella, en el hospital del Instituto de Medicina Tropical “Pedro Kourí”, en el período 2017-2018. Para determinar estos factores se utilizó un análisis multivariado basado en un modelo de regresión logística binaria. Resultados: Las causas de muerte más frecuentes fueron las asociadas al SIDA, fundamentalmente las infecciones oportunistas del sistema respiratorio (41,4%), seguidas por las neoplasias no asociadas al SIDA (25,1%). Los factores que mayor influencia tuvieron sobre la mortalidad fueron la presencia de enfermedad oportunista (OR 14,07 p

El sarcoma de Kaposi (SK) es el cáncer más frecuente en las personas que viven con VIH. Las investigaciones sobre esta condición son escasas en la región, por lo que, el objetivo de este artículo fue describir las características demográficas, clínicas y terapéuticas de los pacientes con VIH que desarrollaron SK en el Hospital Cayetano Heredia entre el 2000 y 2018. Se identificaron 129 casos de SK, con una mediana de edad de 33 años, con predominio en varones con el 92% (119/129), y en su mayoría hombres que tienen sexo con hombres (HSH). La mediana de tiempo desde el diagnóstico de VIH hasta el del SK fue de cinco meses, asociado con un recuento de linfocitos CD4 de 64 células/μL (RIC: 33-185) al momento del diagnóstico de SK. El compromiso cutáneo fue el más común; sin embargo, al menos la mitad de ellos también tuvo la forma visceral.

Objective: to identify and map the scientific literature on the reasons for treatment non-adherence or abandonment among adolescents and young individuals living with HIV/AIDS. Materials and method: a scoping review using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) strategy for the presentation of data referring to the reasons for treatment non-adherence or abandonment among adolescents and young people living with HIV/AIDS. Seven information sources were used to search for the articles, namely: Medline via PubMed, Web of Science, LILACS, CINAHL, BDEnf, Scopus, and Embase, without a time frame and with the following search strategy: “patient dropouts” OR “abandonment” OR “lack of medication adherence” AND “adolescent” OR “young adult” AND “Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome” OR “HIV” AND “antiretroviral therapy highly active” OR “medication adherence.” Results: eight articles were included in the study, contemplating the reasons for treatment non-adherence or abandonment, which were related to access to health services, sociodemographic, structural, psychosocial and behavioral conditions, and factors associated with the disease or the medication. Conclusions: the findings of this study evidenced how vulnerable adolescents and young people are to the issues inherent to HIV/AIDS treatment and that several reasons can influence its non-adherence or abandonment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the vertices of Jung's, Anzaldúa's and Benjamin's distinct ontologies and the way in which they connect in the shared recognition that what has been estranged in human history is enigmatically lodged in the world's fabric today. Cultural distress, in other words, is the outcome of what has become repudiated in the self and the collective across time. From this perspective, the paper argues that we have a collective responsibility to listen to the claims of the dead laid bare in moments of contemporary real‐world danger and it elaborates the psychical dimensions of being that are cultivated in times of danger. The author contends that these psychical presences are the dead of human history including our ancestral heritage that linger and possibly may penetrate our awareness. They haunt and hold a potential to animate our movement towards a sublimatory process that can be seen as a precursor to social responsiveness and action. The author explores this through her own experience with an example of the spawning of spiritual activism within the socio‐political maelstrom of AIDS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Malgré l'essor des antirétroviraux (ARV), l'infection par le virus de l'immunodéficience humaine (VIH) reste un enjeu majeur de santé publique. Grâce à un meilleur accès à la prévention, un diagnostic plus précoce, un traitement et des soins plus efficaces, l'infection par le VIH est devenue une pathologie chronique avec des patients vieillissants, polypathologiques et polymédicamentés. Les personnes vivant avec le VIH (PV-VIH) voient leur espérance de vie augmenter tout comme leur risque cardiovasculaire. En plus du surrisque cardiovasculaire, l'incidence de la maladie veineuse thromboembolique (MVTE) est augmentée chez les PV-VIH avec une fréquence 2 à 10 fois plus importante que celle de la population générale. Les anticoagulants oraux directs (AOD) sont maintenant largement utilisés dans le traitement et la prévention de la MVTE et la prévention des complications thrombotiques chez les patients avec fibrillation atriale. Les AOD sont caractérisés par un délai d'action rapide, prévisible et un intervalle thérapeutique large. Néanmoins, des interactions médicamenteuses théoriques existent entre antirétroviraux (ARV) et AOD, exposant les PV-VIH à un risque hémorragique ou thrombotique théorique, puisque les AOD sont des substrats de la protéine de transport P-glycoprotéine et/ou des isoformes de la voie des cytochromes P450. Les recommandations disponibles sont limitées pour aider les médecins à faire face à la complexité des interactions médicamenteuses. Ainsi, l'objectif de ce travail est de synthétiser les données disponibles à ce jour quant au risque thrombotique veineux des PV-VIH et l'utilisation des AOD dans cette population. Nowadays, thanks to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is transforming into a chronic disease. The life expectancy of people living with HIV (PWH) has increased, as well as their risk of developing several co-morbidities, in particular cardiovascular diseases. In addition, the incidence of venous thromboembolism (VTE) is increased in PWH with a 2 to 10 times higher incidence when compared to the general population. Over the last decade, direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) have been widely used in the treatment and prevention of VTE and non-valvular atrial fibrillation. DOACs are characterized by a rapid onset of activity, a predictable response and a relatively wide therapeutic window. Nevertheless, drug interactions exist between HAART and DOACs, exposing PWH to a theoretically increased bleeding or thrombotic risk. DOACs are substrates of the transport protein P-glycoprotein and/or of isoforms of cytochromes P450 pathway, which can be affected by some antiretroviral drugs. Limited guidelines are available to assist physicians with the complexity of those drug-drug interactions. The aim of this paper is to provide an updated review on the evidence of the high risk of VTE in PWH and the place of DOAC therapy in this population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study compares an ideal model of a sustainable research institution and the dominating model used by Sida. It uses a complementary capacity building (CCB) model aimed to promote an improved research culture for strengthening the sustainability of research partnerships in economics and management disciplines. This study uses bibliometric data to show post-graduation publication results from graduated Ph.D. students from the Sida supported research partnership in Rwanda and data from public records to show results from the implementation of the CCB model in the same country. The results show an increased publication activity among a significant proportion of the faculty members targeted by the CCB model and its contribution to improved research culture. Based on the evidence, the paper provides some recommendations to induce improvements in outcomes, including activities promoting a more active research culture in research partnerships with sub-Saharan African institutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Se describe el caso clínico de un paciente infectado por el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana en fase sintomática precoz, quien fue asistido en el Servicio de Dermatología del Hospital Clínico Quirúrgico Docente Dr. León Cuervo Rubio en Pinar del Río por presentar lesiones eritematosas infiltradas de tres meses de evolución en el miembro inferior derecho, con alteración de la sensibilidad térmica y dolorosa. Se le indicó baciloscopia y estudio histopatológico que confirmaron el diagnóstico de sospecha de lepra dimorfa tuberculoide, por lo que se comenzó a aplicar poliquimioterapia combinada con terapia antirretroviral, lo cual favoreció la evolución del paciente.

O presente trabalho consiste em uma listagem de espécies de Malvaceae sensu lato para o Parque Nacional do Iguaçu (ParNa Iguaçu), localizado no oeste do estado do Paraná. Entre agosto de 2019 e fevereiro de 2020, foi realizado um inventário digital por meio das plataformas JABOT, REFLORA e Specieslink, bem como coletas nas principais trilhas da área estudada. As espécies coletadas foram incorporadas no herbário Evaldo Buttura (EVB), onde foram identificadas por meio de consultas à literatura especializada. Registrou-se para o ParNa Iguaçu 20 espécies de Malvaceae distribuídas em 14 gêneros, dentre os quais os mais representativos foram Pavonia (3 spp.) e Sida (3 spp.), com S. rhombifolia como nova ocorrência para a área. Do total amostrado, 10 espécies foram encontradas em áreas de Floresta Estacional Semidecidual, duas foram registradas somente na Floresta Ombrófila Mista e oito foram encontradas em ambas as formações. Com relação aos hábitos de crescimento das espécies, seis são árvores, seis arbustos, seis possuem o porte herbáceo a subarbustivo e apenas duas são trepadeiras. Nenhuma das espécies encontradas está ameaçada de extinção no Brasil. Ademais, Callianthe striata é a única espécie endêmica do Brasil e, com exceção da exótica Malvaviscus arboreus, todas elas são nativas na Mata Atlântica.

Copyright of Actualités Pharmaceutiques is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)