Search

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an important modality for pelvic imaging. Vaginal distension is provided by the use of vaginal contrast in pelvic MRI, and it plays an important role in staging especially cervical and vaginal cancer. The aim of this study is to show whether the use of vaginal contrast material contributes to the diagnosis in pelvic examination.Between October 1, 2016 and December 30, 2020, a total of 57 patients who underwent pelvic magnetic resonance imaging with vaginal contrast in the radiology clinic were included in the study and evaluated retrospectively.Cervical cancer was detected in 38 of the 57 patients included in the study, and when the vaginal pre- and post-contrast staging of the patients was performed, the pre-contrast stage was found to be high in six patients (15%). Eight of 38 patients diagnosed with cervical cancer underwent surgery. When the pathological and radiological staging of the patients who underwent surgery were compared, they were 100% compatible.The use of vaginal contrast material increases the diagnostic value of MRI in various pelvic pathologies, especially in cervical cancer staging.

Objective:Renal angiomyolipomas (AMLs) are mesenchymal kidney tumours that have triphasic histology. This study aimed to present the clinical, pathological and immunohistochemical features of seven AML cases along with a review of the relevant literature.Materials and Methods:Seven cases of pathologically diagnosed AML were included in the study. The presence of fat tissues, smooth muscle cells, blood vessels and epithelioid components were determined for all cases. Tumour necrosis, haemorrhage, mitosis, lymphovascular and perineural invasion were also recorded. Immune markers [human melanoma black-45 (HMB45), Melan-A, smooth muscle actin (SMA), cytokeratin], previously applied to the tissue sections, were re-evaluated as positive and negative staining.Results:All cases were classic AML types. Five patients had flank pain and two had haematuria. The tumour was located in the left kidney in two cases and in the right kidney in five cases. The mean size of the AMLs was 7.36±4.23 cm. Tumours were separated from the normal kidney parenchyma with good margins and composed of mature fatty tissues, blood vessels and fusiform spindle smooth muscle cells in varying proportions. Immunohistochemically, all cases were positive with HMB-45, Melan-A and SMA. No case was positive for cytokeratin staining.Conclusion:Correct histological diagnosis of renal AML subtypes is crucial. Incorrect diagnosis of classic renal AML may lead to inadequate postoperative management. Clinicians should be aware of the malignant potential of epithelioid AML and the need for long-term follow-up.

Objective: Nowadays, with the use of advanced imaging methods, the incidence of renal cell carcinomas (RCCs) has increased steadily and they have become recognizable at early stage. Morphologically and immunophenotypically, RCCs are divided into many different types and are divided into three main subtypes. Each type has differences in terms of genetics, biology, and behavior. The objectives of this study is to investigate the histopathological features of tumor specimens of patients operated with diagnosis of RCC. Materials and Methods: The pathology specimens and reports of 77 patients with RCC who underwent radical or partial nephrectomy were reviewed retrospectively. Descriptive and clinical data of the patients were obtained. The size, lateralization, focality, histopathological type, Fuhrman nuclear grading system (NGS), sarcomatoid change, renal sinus and vein invasions, perirenal fat tissue invasion, hilar fatty tissue invasion, ureter surgical margin, and primary tumor stage of RCC were determined. Results: According to the histopathologic type, 77.9% of the patients had clear cell RCC, 10.4% chromophobe RCC, 9.1% papillary RCC, and 2.6% multilocular RCC. The Fuhrman NGS values were 5.2% for grade 1, 61% for grade 2, 26% for grade 3, and 7.8% for grade 4. There were sarcomatoid features in only 7.8% of the patients. There were 6 patients (7.8%) with renal sinus invasion, 3 patients (3.9%) with renal vein invasion, 8 patients (10.4%) with perirenal adipose tissue invasion, 2 patients (2.6%) with hilar fat tissue invasion, and 2 patients (2.6%) with tumors at the ureter surgical margin. Pathological changes were significantly differentiated according to gender except for the primary tumor stage. Conclusion: RCCs are divided into many different types and each type has differences in terms of genetics, biology, and behavior. Due to this, the pathologist must differentiate cell types routinely by morphology and immunohistochemical markers as well as by cytogenetic and molecular genetic analysis particularly when the cell type is equivocal.

We investigated the protective effect of alpha lipoic acid (ALA) against cisplatin (CIS) induced hepatotoxicity in rats. ALA is an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent that exhibits free radical scavenger properties and direct antioxidant effects on recycling of other cellular antioxidants. We used four equal groups of rats. The control group: saline solution (0.9%) was administered intraperitoneally (i.p.); ALA group: administered a single dose 100 mg/kg ALA i.p. for 10 days; CIS group was administered a single dose 5 mg/kg CIS i.p. on the first day of the study; CIS + ALA group was administered a single dose 5 mg/kg CIS i.p. on the first day of study, then 100 mg/kg ALA i.p. for 10 days. In the CIS group, Bax, caspase3, malondialdehyde (MDA), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels were increased, whereas Bcl-2, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) levels were decreased compared to the control group. In the CIS + ALA group, Bax, caspase 3, MDA, AST and ALT levels were decreased, whereas Bcl-2, SOD, CAT and GPx levels were increased compared to the CIS group. In the CIS group we found intense perivenule sinusoid dilation, karyomegaly, pyknotic and karyolytic cells, central vein congestion, parenchymal inflammation, mild bile duct proliferation and periportal sinusoid dilation. Histological liver damage was reduced in the CIS + ALA group. ALA may useful for treating CIS induced hepatotoxicity owing to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. © 2019, © 2019 The Biological Stain Commission.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effects of the combined use of probiotic strains on the development of bacterial translocation in addition to liver and intestinal tissue damage due to biliary obstruction in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Here, 3 groups each consisting of 10 rats were created:group 1 (sham group), group 2 (obstructive jaundice), and group 3 (obstructive jaundice+probiotic). Groups 1 and 2 were given 1 cc physiological saline solution by oral gavage twice a day; group 3 was given a probiotic solution that included Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Bifidobacterium bifidum, Enterococcus faecium, and Bifidobacterium longum microorganisms by oral gavage twice a day. RESULTS: Markers for liver damage were also found to be significantly improved (p

Amaç: Bu çalışmada merkezimizde son 10 yılda tanı alan testiküler seminomatöz ve non-seminomatöz germ hücreli tümörlerin klinik ve histopatolojik özelliklerinin farklarını araştırmayı amaçladık.Gereç ve Yöntem: Ocak 2010’dan Mayıs 2020’ye kadar merkezimizde histopatolojik olarak kanıtlanmış testiküler germ hücreli tümör tanısı olan tüm hastalar çalışma kapsamına alındı. Medikal kayıtlar taranarak hastalara ait Hematoksilen-Eozin (H+E) boyalı preparatlar yeniden değerlendirildi. Tümörlerin sınıflandırılmasında ve primer tümörün evresinin belirlenmesinde (pTs) 2016 Dünya Sağlık Örgütü Üriner Sistem ve Erkek Genital Organları Tümörleri Sınıflaması esas alındı.Bulgular: Çalışmamıza dâhil olan olguların 27 tanesi (%51) SEM, 26 tanesi (%49) ise NSE-GHT morfolojisinde idi. SEM grubunda hastaların yaş aralığı 23-55 yıl (minimum-maksimum) arasında değişmekte olup ortanca yaş 33 yıl (IQR=26.0-41.0 yıl) iken NSE-GHT’ler için bu değerler sırasıyla 16-44 yıl ve 28 yıl (IQR=22.75-29.5 yıl) idi. Alt grup ayrımı yapılmaksızın pTs değerlendirmesine göre 21 tümör (%39.6) Evre 1, 31 tümör (%58.5) Evre 2 ve 1 tümör (%1.9) Evre 3 idi.Sonuç: Testis kanserleri genç erkeklerde en sık görülen malignite olup son yıllarda insidansı artış göstermiştir. Komplet kür oranı, erken tanı ve bu tümörlerin yüksek düzeyde kemo- ve radyosensitif olmasından dolayı %100’e yakındır., Objective: In the present study, it was aimed to investigate the differences between the clinical and histopathological features of testicular seminomatous and non-seminomatous germ cell tumors diagnosed in our center in the recent 10 years.Methods: All the patients in whom diagnosis of testicular germ cell tumor was histologically confirmed in our center between January 2010 and May 2020 were involved in the study. The medical records of the patients were screened and Hematoxylin-Eosin (H+E) stained slides of the patients were re-evaluated. The tumor classification and primary tumor stage determination (pT) were carried out in accordance with the 2016 WHO Classification of Tumors of the Urinary System and Male Genital Organs.Results:The morphology of seminoma (SEM) and non-seminomatous germ cell tumors (NSE-GCTs) were identified in 27 (51%) and 26 (49%) of the study patients, respectively. In the SEM group, patient ages ranged between 23-55 years (min-max) and median age was 33 years (IQR=26.0-41.0) while those values for the NSE-GCT cases were 16-44 years and 28 years (IQR=22.75-29.5), respectively. The evaluation of the pTs without subgroup discrimination demonstrated that 21 (39.6%), 31 (58.5%) and 1 (1.9%) of the tumors were Stage 1, Stage 2 and Stage 3, respectively.Conclusion: Testicular cancers are the most frequently seen malignancy in the young males and its incidence has increased in the recent years. The complete cure rate is approximately 100% thanks to early diagnosis as well as high chemosensitivity and radiosensitivity of these tumors.

Background: Clinically, cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) can be confused with granulomatous diseases and skin cancers, and it may lead to erroneous diagnosis and treatment. Diagnosis based and histopathology can have some difficulties due to low number of parasites, especially in chronic CL cases. We aimed to emphasize the necessity of considering CL in the differential diagnosis for cases of granulomatous diseases and basal cell carcinoma, particularly in areas where CL is endemic. Methods: One hundred and seven paraffin-embedded tissue biopsy specimens were selected from the archive, as of 2002, of Pathology Department, School of Medicine, University of Hatay Mustafa Kemal in Hatay, Turkey. After DNA isolation, performed with the samples were used for PCR analysis with specific 13A, 13B primers targeting kinetoplastid DNA (kDNA) found in all Leishmania species. Another PCR was performed with LITSR and L5.8S primers targeting ITS-1 internal-transcribed-spacer-1 (ITS-1) region to subtype positive samples. Then these samples were further analyzed for subtyping with PCR-RFLP using HaeIII enzyme (BsuRI). Results: Ten out of 107 tissue specimens were positive via kDNA-PCR. Lupus vulgaris, sarcoidosis, skin lymphoma and Leishmania cutis appeared in 9 out of 10 positive specimens. One of the cases presented with a mass on the cheek and was pre-diagnosed with hemangioma, but leishmaniasis did not appear. All of 10 specimens were diagnosed as granulomatous dermatitis. Two out of 10 samples, found positive with kDNA-PCR, were analyzed with ITS-1-PCR and identified as L. infantum/donovani after RFLP. Conclusion: Molecular methods should be utilized in the differential diagnosis of CL to eliminate false diagnoses of granulomatous diseases and skin cancers.

Background: Although oral health improves in several countries, global problems are still present. Predictably, the disadvantaged and poor population groups in both developing and developed countries have high rate of malign disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of head and neck cancers (HNCs) and to compare them between Syrian and Turkish population. Methods: A total of 4570 patients confirmed to have HNC histopathologically from Hatay Mustafa Kemal University Hospital Pathology report archive were retrospectively evaluated. Among them, 452 were Syrian patients while 4118 were Turkish patients. Data were collected from 2010 to 2017. Gender and age information were taken from medical records. According to the pathological results, HNCs were classified. Results: In 474 patients, HNCs were inscriptived, of which 317 were in males and 157 in females aged 23–80 years with histologically approved cancer of head and neck area. Overall, 100 were Syrian patients while 374 were Turkish patients. In both Syrian and Turkish patients, the most observed HNC was squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Conclusion: Nowadays, the prevalence of cancer is higher because of the excessive consumption of alcohol, tobacco, chewing, and smoking. For the higher cancer incidence in Syrian refugees, we thought that the impact of war such as stress may have been effective as well as the known several etiologic factors of cancer. For the increased risk of cancer, the early diagnosis of this become more important.

Amaç: ønvaziv kansere dönüúebilecek öncü lezyonlarla seyreden serviks kanseri önlenebilir bir hastalıktır. Erken tanıda servikovajinal sitolojiler önemlidir. Amacımız, 2001 Bethesda Sistemine göre serviko-vaginal smear olgularımızın sitopatolojik bulgularını güncel bilgiler eúli÷inde yeniden de÷erlendirerek sunmaktır. Gereç ve yöntem: Çalıúmamızda 2005 – 2010 arasında Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Patoloji laboratuvarında Bethesda sistemine göre tanı almıú 11946 olgunun raporları tekrar gözden geçirildi. Bulgular: 11946 servikovaginal smearda ASC-US (Atipical Squamous Cells-Undetermined Significance) %0.92, ASC-H (Atipical Squamous Cells-Cannot Exclude High Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions) %0.1, LSIL(Low Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion): %0.08, HSIL(High Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion) %0.07 ve malign hücre %0.02 olarak bulundu. ASH:SIL (Atipical Squamous Cells: Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion) oranı 144:19 olarak belirlendi. Sonuç: ASC-US, ASC-H, LSIL, HSIL ve skuamöz hücreli karsinom olgularımız az sayıdadır. Laboratuvardaki kalite kontrolünü belirlemede ASH:SIL oranı önemlidir. Fakat daha iyi yorumlama yapılabilmesi için geniú diziler içeren çalıúmalar yapılmalıdır., Aim: Servical cancer is a preventable disease, which manifests as prior lesions that can turn into invasive cancers. Servico-vaginalsitologies are important in early diagnosis. We aim to offer the sitopathologic findings of servico-vaginal smear according to 2001Bethesda System in view of updated knowledge.Materials methods: In our study, the 5961 case reports diagnosed according to Bethesda System in Mustafa Kemal UniversityLaboratuary of Pathology between 2005-2007 have been reviewed.Results: Of 11946 cases, the findings in servico-vaginal smear were as fallows: ASC-US (Atipical Squamous Cells-UndeterminedSignificance) 0.92%, ASC-H (Atipical Squamous Cells-Cannot Exclude High Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions) 0.1%,LSIL(Low Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion) 0.08%, HSIL (High Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion) 0.07%, and maligncells 0.02%. The ratio of ASH to SIL (ASH:SIL) has been determined as 144:19.Conclusion: The cases of ASC-US, ASC-H, LSIL, HSIL and squamous cell carcinoma are relatively few. In determining the quality control inthe laboratuary the ASH:SIL ratio is important. However, for a better evaluation, studies with wider series should be carried out.

Pulmonary sequestration is a rare anomaly, which does not have a connection with the bronchial system and gets its blood supply, generally, from the aorta or its branches. Anatomically, two different forms were described: intralobar and extralobar. Although 74% of intralobar pulmonary sequestrations get their blood supply from the descending thoracic aorta, they may get their blood supply from different arteries. Furthermore, there is more than one arterial anomaly in 14.8% of cases. We report an intralobar pulmonary sequestration, in which arterial blood supply is from two different origins (Arcus aorta and celiac trunk). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case in the literature.

Granular cell tumor of peripheral nerves is extremely rare. We present the case of a patient with a well-capsulated intraneural granular cell tumor involving the posterior tibial nerve, who presented with chronic heel pain mimicking plantar fasciitis. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a well-defined intraneural soft-tissue mass within the substance of the posterior tibial nerve. Histopathologic examination showed a granular cell tumor, which is extremley rare in the peripheral nerves. Heel pain is one of the common conditions handled by physicians, podiatrists, and orthopedic surgeons. Posterior tibial nerve lesions at the leg should be kept in mind in the differential diagnosis of patients with persistent heel and foot pain. Magnetic resonance imaging is a useful method in the anatomical evaluation of focal intraneural lesions. (J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 99(3): 254–257, 2009)

Aim: This study was designed to investigate effect of gradual detorsion on testicular ischemia reperfusion injury. Materials and Methods: A total of 21 male rats were divided into 3 groups, each containing 7 rats. Torsion was created by rotating the left testis 720° in a clockwise direction. Group 1 underwent sham operation. Group 2 (sudden detorsion) served as a torsion/detorsion group, receiving 2 hours torsion and 2 hours detorsion. In group 3, 360° detorsion was done for 20 minutes after 720° torsion for 2 hours. Then, testis was done full detorsion for 100 minutes. At the end of the experiments (fourth hour), left orchiectomy was performed to measure the tissue levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase and to perform histologic examination in testes. Results: The MDA levels of testis tissues were significantly increased in the sudden detorsion group as compared with the sham group. We found decrease of the MDA level in gradual detorsion group, but it was not a statistically significant amount. Significant decrease was found in the superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities in the sudden detorsion group as compared with the sham and gradual detorsion groups. Histologic examinations were in accordance with the testicular tissue MDA levels. Conclusion: In the light of our biochemical and histopathologic findings, we can say that gradual detorsion has a trend to decrease the degree of testicular reperfusion injury in the rat torsion/detorsion model.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the diagnostic inadequacy of dilatation and curettage (D&C) by comparing histologic findings derived from D&C with histologic findings obtained after hysterectomy procedure. In this retrospective study we sought to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of D&C. MATERIAL-METHODS: 259 patients with abnormal uterine bleeding were assessed. All of the women had performed gynecologic and ultrasonographic examination, after that they underwent D&C procedure with anesthesia. Hysterectomy was performed because of histologic findings or persistence of symptoms. We tried to compare histologic diagnosis in D&C and after hysterectomy for each patient. RESULTS: We studied the 259 patients who underwent hysterectomy within 2 months of D&C because of histologic findings on D&C or persistence of symptoms. 54.5% of the women had no pathology in D&C techniques. 59.5% of other patients are the pathologic disorders still present on hysterectomy in the same patients. In 105 of 259 patients, D&C failed to detect intrauterine disorders subsequently found at hysterectomy. After hysterectomy, in 227 of 259 patients were found additional pathologic disorders with the hystologic diagnosis in D&C. CONCLUSIONS: D&C involves additional hospital costs and risk of complications; uterine perforation, infection and laceration of the cervix. If there are lesions in the uterus, dilatation and curettage is an inadequate diagnostic tool. D&C missed 40.5% of major intrauterine disorders and endometrial lesions were still present in the remowed uterus. It can not curative tool. For these reasons, it has been suggested that D&C can be replaced by alternative and more accurate methods of diagnosis for intrauterine disorders.

Propolis is the generic name for the resinous substance collected by honeybees, which is known to have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, apoptosis-inducible effects. Anastomotic dehiscence after colorectal surgery is an important cause of morbidity and mortality. We aimed to assess the effect of propolis on healing in an experimental colon anastomosis in rats.Forty adult male Wistar albino rats were randomly assigned into 5 treatment groups with 8 rats in each: Group I, anastomosis+no treatment; Group II, anastomosis+oral propolis (600 mg/kg/d); Group III, anastomosis+oral ethyl alcohol (1 cc/d); Group IV, anastomosis+rectal propolis (600 mg/kg/d); Group V, anastomosis+rectal ethyl alcohol (1 cc/d). The bursting pressures, hydroxiproline levels and histopathological changes in each group were measured.When bursting pressures were compared between groups, we observed that they were increased in the groups treated with propolis in contrast to all other groups. Hydroxiproline levels in the propolis groups were also significantly increased in contrast to the other groups. There was also a statistically significant difference in histopathological changes between the treatment types. When propolis administration methods were compared, we did not observe a statistically significant difference.Propolis has a significantly favourable effect on healing in experimental colon anastomosis, independent from the method of administration.

The objective of this study was to compare the beneficial effects of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), vitamin C, vitamin E and N-acetylcysteine on vancomycin-induced nephrotoxicity. Thirty rats were randomly devided into six groups: (i) control; (ii) vancomycin, 200 mg/kg administrated via intraperitoneal route; (iii) vancomycin plus CAPE-vancomycin with 10 micromol/kg CAPE; (iv) vancomycin plus vitamin C-vancomycin (intraperitoneally) with 200 mg/dl vitamin C in drinking water; (v) vancomycin plus vitamin E-vancomycin with 1000 mg/kg body weight vitamin E (intramuscularly); and (vi) vancomycin plus N-acetylcysteine-vancomycin with 10 mg/kg body weight (intraperitoneally) of N-acetylcysteine. Vancomycin treatments were started 1 day after the first administrations of these agents and continued for 7 days. At the end of the experiments, catalase activity was significantly decreased by vancomycin in kidney homogenates (P < 0.05). Vitamin E, vitamin C, N-acetylcysteine and CAPE administrations decreased the blood urea nitrogen levels increased by vancomycin, although significant differences were detected only in the vitamins E and C groups (P < 0.05). Increased renal malondialdehyde and nitric oxide levels by vancomycin were significantly suppressed by agents used in the study (P < 0.05). Histopathological examination demonstrated prominent damages in the vancomycin-treated group. Vitamin E was the most beneficial agent on vancomycin-induced tubular damage, followed by vitamin C, N-acetylcysteine and CAPE treatments, respectively. The data suggest that vitamin E, as well as vitamin C, N-acetylcysteine and CAPE, could be useful for reducing the detrimental effects on vancomycin-induced toxicity in kidneys.

ÖZETHuman Papilloma virus (HPV) enfeksiyon sıklığındaki artış ve seksüel aktivitenin artması ile birlikte servikal intraepitelyal lezyonlar adölesan dönemde artış göstermektedir. 17 yaşında yüksek dereceli skuamoz intraepitelyal lezyon (HSIL) tanılı olgumuzu sunuyoruz.Servikal intraepitelyal lezyonlar sıklıkla orta yaş grubu bayanlarda izlenmektedir. HPV indüklü intraepitelyal lezyonların tanısında ortalama yaşın düşmesi önümüzdeki yıllarda servis kanseri insidansında artış olacağını düşündürmektedir. Bu yüzden olguların erken tanısı ve takibi önem taşımaktadır. Anahtar kelimeler: Adölesan, HSİL

Objective: Fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB)is considered to be the most trustworthy diagnosticmethod in differention of benign and malignthyroid nodules. By comparingthyroid FNABcytology and thyroidectomy pathology results weaimed to determine the utility of FNAB in theevaluation of thyroid lesions.Method: The pathologic reports and demographicdata of 881 FNAB and 62 resection materials sentfrom Mustafa Kemal University Endocrinology,Interventional Radiology and General SurgeryDepartments have been reviewed.Results: The median age was determined 46.03;minimum 15 and maximum 85 among 881 patients.140 (%15.9) patients were male and 741 (%84.1)were female. Of 708 (%80.4) cases were benign, 4(%0.5) were malign, 12 (%1.4) were atypiaundefined, 11 (%1.2) were follicular neoplasia, 12(%1.4) cases were suspicious for malignancy and133 (%15.1) cases were reported as insufficient. Of881 patients 62 have been operated in our hospital.49 (%80.3) patient had bilateral totalthyroidectomy, 4 (%6.6) had right lobectomy, 3(%9.8) had left lobectomy, 2 (%3.3) hadcomplementary thyroidectomy. Of 47 (%75.8)patients’ FNAB results were compatible withresection results but 15 (%24.2) patients’ weredifferent. When the concordance of similar resultsof FNAB and surgical specimens’ have beencompared kappa value was 0.223, and this was notstatistically sinificant (p=0.077).Conclusion: FNAB is the golden standard methodfor the follow-up and evaluation of thyroid nodulesbefore surgery. Our results almost demonstrates theeffectiveness of FNAB, on the other hand clinicand radiologic findings are also important for themanagement of the thyroid nodules., Amaç: Tiroid ince iğne aspirasyon biyopsisi (İİAB), benign tiroid nodüllerinin malign tiroid nodüllerinden ayrımında en güvenilir teşhis yöntemi olarak kabul edilmektedir. Tiroid İİAB sonuçları ile tiroidektomi patoloji sonuçları karşılaştırılarak, tiroid lezyonlarının değerlendirilmesin de hastanemizde İİAB’nin etkinliğinin saptanmasını amaçladık. Yöntem: 2012 yılında Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Patoloji Laboratuvarı’na Endokrinoloji polikliniğinden ve Radyoloji bölümü Girişimsel işlemlerden gönderilen toplam 881 tiroid İİAB ve 62 tiroidektomi olgusu çalışma kapsamına alınmıştır. Bulgular: 881 olgunun değerlendirilmesinde; ortalama yaş 46.03 olarak saptanmış olup, minimum yaş 15, maksimum yaş 85’ tir. Hastaların 140 (%15.9)’ı erkek olup, 741 (%84.1)’i kadındır. 708 (%80.4) olgu benign, 4 (%0.5) olgu malign, 12 (%1.4) olgu önemi belirsiz atipi, 11 (%1.2) olgu folliküler neoplazi, 12 (%1.4) olgu malignite şüphesi ve 133 (%15.1) olgu yetersiz materyal olarak raporlanmıştır. 881 hastanın 62 ‘si hastanemizde opere olmuştur. 49 (%80.3)’una bilateral total tiroidektomi, 4 (%6.6)’üne sağ lobektomi, 3 (%9.8)’üne sol lobektomi, 2 (%3.3)’ sine tamamlayıcı tiroidektomi uygulanmıştır. 47 (%75.8) hastanın İİAB sonuçları rezeksiyon sonuçları ile uyumlu iken, 15 (%24.2) hastanın farklı idi. Her iki sitoloji ve patoloji sonuçlarının birbirine benzer sonuçlarının uyumu değerlendirildiğinde kappa değeri 0.223 olup, bu değer istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bulunmadı (p=0.077). Sonuç: Tiroid nodüllerinin takibinde ve ameliyat öncesi değerlendirilmesinde İİAB altın standart yöntemdir. Sonuçlarımız büyük oranda İİAB’nin etkinliğini göstermektedir ancak nodüllerin yönetiminde klinik ve radyolojik bulguların da desteği önemlidir

PubMedID: 15359639 Lymphoma is a malign disease of the lymphoid system. A variety of risk factors have been described in pathogenesis of disease. We investigated the role of Cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2) in malign lymphomas. A total of 52 patients who were admitted to the Oncology Unit of Mersin University with histologically diagnosed lymphoma were enrolled to this study. Ten of the patients had Hodgkin's disease (HD), and 42 had non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). An immunuhistochemical method was used for Cox-2 expression. Cox-2 expression was detected in 24 of the 42 patients (57%) with NHL, and it was found in seven of the 10 patients (70%) with HD. The mean patient age expressing Cox-2 was 50.2 ± 16.6 years and 48.0 ± 15.5 years for patients without Cox-2 expression. This difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.660). The overall survival of Cox-2-positive patients was less than for those without Cox-2 expression but the difference was not significant statistically (16.4 ± 11.4 vs. 14.7 ± 8.2 months, respectively, P = 0.552) in NHL. There was a correlation between Cox-2 and stage of disease. As the stage increased the Cox-2 expression increased (P = 0.037) in NHL. The complete response rate to therapy was significantly higher in Cox-2-negative patients than the Cox-2-positive group (70.6% vs. 20.8%, respectively, P = 0.001) in NHL. There was no correlation between Cox-2 expression and IPI score, extranodal involvement, tumor grade, and B symptoms. Our findings demonstrate that there is a clinical correlation between the Cox-2 expression and prognostic factors in lymphoma patients. The combination of Cox-2 inhibitors with standard chemotherapeutics may enhance the potential of treatment options for malign lymphomas. © 2004 Taylor & Francis Ltd.

Endometriosis effects 2-5 % of women at reproductive age. Malignant transformation of endometrioma is around 2.5 %. Ovarian mucinous tumors constitute approximately 10 % of all ovarian neoplasms. A 35-year-old woman with gravida 0 parite 0, admitted with pelvic pain for two days, to our hospital.She had laparoscopic surgery for right ovarian cyst nine years ago, the pathological examination of which was endometrioma. Gynecological examination of patient revealed semisolid masses about 6 cm in diameter in bilateral ovaries. CA-125 and CA-19,9 were found 121.5mIU/L, 127.3mIU/L, respectively other tumor markers were within normal levels. After her approval bilateral ovarian cyst excision with laparotomy was carried out. Pathological examination demonstrated mucinous cystadenoma in the right ovary and endometrioma in the left ovary. Ovarian ephitelial malign tumors can be found together with endometrioma. Epithelial metaplastic transformation, especially ciliated cell and eosinophilic transformation were often reported, whereas hobnail and mucinous transformation were reported rarely in ovarian endometriosis. Mucinous metaplasia and hyperplasia in ovarian endometriosis might be closely associated with the development of mucinous borderline tumors. We didn’t find mucinous cystadenoma reported together with endometrioma in literature.

Case report: We present the clinical, radiologic, and histopathologic features of an orbital mass in a 10-year-old boy. Immunohistochemistry confirmed the diagnosis of primary peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumour. Comments: This recently recognized rare tumour of the orbit should be considered in the differential diagnosis of hypercellular small round cell tumour of the orbit.

Background and Objective: Prostate cancer is the second leading cause of death in men. The localized disease often responds to conventional therapies like androgen ablation via castration and/or administration of chemical inhibitors but advanced disease resistant to any curative therapies is still challenge for investigators. There are increasing efforts to enhance the possibility of finding positive and sensitive immune markers for diagnosing and treating prostate cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression patterns of AMACR and iNOS in prostate adenocarcinomas with different histopathologic grade. Methodology: We applied immunohistochemical markers; AMACR and iNOS. Formalin-fixed parafin embedded tissues of 64 prostate needle biopsy specimens diagnosed as prostate adenocarcinoma between 2005-2010 years were included in the study. Results: AMACR expression were found in 58 (90.6%) and iNOS expression in 54 (84.4%) of 64 prostate adenocarcinomas. No significant relationship of AMACR and iNOS was obtained (p>0.05). There was no significant correlation of histopathologic grade of the tumors with AMACR and iNOS expression (p>0.05). Conclusions: The expression of AMACR and iNOS might be important diagnostic immune markers for prostate adenocarcinomas especially in needle biopsies where the quantity and quality of tissue are limited.

Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is a rare malignant tumor arising from salivary glands. ACC of the head and neck has some features such as slow growth, high recurrence percentages, distant metastasis, and a tendency for perineural invasion. It comprises almost 2%–4% of head and neck area tumors. In minor salivary glands, it is generally observed in the palate. We report such a rare case that affected the base of the tongue in a 65-year-old-female patient and also carried out a brief literature review on the subject.

PubMedID: 23621213 Uterine leiomyomas (UL) are extremely common neoplasms in women of reproductive age, and are associated with a variety of characteristic choromosomal aberrations (CAs). The p53 gene has been reported to play a crucial role in suppressing the growth of a variety of cancer cells. Therefore, the present study investigated the effects of CAs and the p53 gene on ULs. We performed cytogenetic analysis by G-banding in 10 cases undergoing myomectomy or hysterectomy. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with a p53 gene probe was also used on interphase nuclei to screen for deletions. In patients, CAs were found in 23.4% of 500 cells analysed, significantly more frequent than in the control group (p

Objective: The aim of this study was to present the incidence of fetal anomalies in our region of Hatay, Turkey in order to determine the efficiency of prenatal diagnosis through fetal autopsy, and to compare our statistical data with other national and international studies. Material and Method: This study was conducted on 274 fetuses from terminated pregnancies due to abnormal prenatal findings and intrauterine deaths from 2005 to September 2010. Fetuses were evaluated through postmortem examination, external measurements, X-rays, Magnetic Resonance Images, Multislice Computerized Tomography and photographs. The autopsy was completed by the histological examination of each organ. Results: Autopsy was conducted on 274 fetuses. A fetal anomaly was detected in 160 (58.39%) cases. The central nervous system contained the most frequent structural defects (79 cases, 49.38%), followed by malformations in the musculoskeletal system in 36 cases (22.5%). The most frequent multiple system anomalies were central nervous system defect and bilateral adrenal agenesis, musculoskeletal system malformations and urinary system defects. Fetal autopsy provided additional findings in 43 cases (26.88%). Conclusion: Fetal autopsy is a very important procedure and an integral part of the general prenatal management. New findings through this method may suggest invaluable data for parents about potential risks in future pregnancies., Amaç: Bölgemizdeki fetal anomali insidansını belirlemek, ülkemizdeki ve diğer ülkelerdeki istatistiksel verileri karşılaştırmak, fetal otopsi aracılığı ile prenatal tanının doğruluğunu belirlemek. Gereç ve Yöntem: 2005-2010 yılları arasında anormal prenatal bulgular veya intrauterin ölüm nedeni ile sonlandırılmış 274 olgu çalışmaya alındı. Fetuslar postmortem değerlendirildi. Dış vücut ölçümleri alındı, röntgen, manyetik rezonans, bilgisayarlı tomografi ve fotoğrafları çekildi. Otopsi organların histolojik incelemesi yapılarak tamamlandı. Bulgular: Toplam 274 olguya otopsi yapıldı. 160 olguda (%58,39) fetal anomali saptandı. Santral sinir sistemi anomalileri en sık yapısal defektti (79 olgu, %49,38). Bunu kas iskelet sistemi anomalileri izledi (36 olgu, %22,50). Çoklu sistem tutulumunda santral sinir sistemi anomalilerine bilateral adrenal agenezi ve kas iskelet sistemi anomalilerine de üriner sistem defektleri eşlik etmekteydi. Toplam 43 olguda (%26,88) otopsi sonucunda ek anomali saptandı. Sonuç: Fetal otopsi çok önemli bir işlemdir ve genel prenatal değerlendirmenin ayrılmaz bir parçasıdır. Bu yöntemle elde edilen yeni bulgular ebeveynlere gelecek gebeliklerdeki muhtemel riskler için çok önemli bilgiler verebilir.

The purpose of this controlled-randomised study was aimed to test the antioxidative effect of the N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and selenium on healing of Staphylococcus aureussinusitis. After experimental sinusitis, 30 New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into three groups; group A was treated with Ampicillin/sulbactam and physiological saline. Group B and C were treated with NAC and selenium in addition to Ampicillin/sulbactam, respectively. The measurements were repeated at the 3rd and 10th day. Serummalondialdehyde (MDA) levels and superoxide dismutases (SOD) activities at the 3rd day of experiment were higher than basal levels in all groups. These levels at the 10th day were lower than those of the 3rd day in groups B and C, significantly. The severity of the grade of inflammation and epithelial changes were significant between the infected and control side, but no significant change was found among the groups. S. aureus sinusitis causes to increase the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the blood. These increased levels of ROS can be neutralized in some degree by antioxidative effects of NAC and selenium which are supplemented to standard antibiotic therapy. The effect of NAC and selenium on healing of maxillary sinus mucosa seems to be insignificant. Key words: N-acetylcysteine, selenium, Staphylococcus aureus, sinusitis, antioxidant effects.

Neuroblastoma is the most frequent extracranial solid tumor in childhood, but it is seldom diagnosed prenatally. It usually presented with adrenal masses. Presentation of other localization is extremely rare. We report a case of cervical neuroblastoma identified at 20 weeks of gestational age. This is the third case diagnosed antenatally on neck region in the literature. Additionally, it is the first case that extended to the brain. We also discussed the literature for cervical neuroblastoma detected prenatally.

Granular cell tumor of peripheral nerves is extremely rare. We present the case of a patient with a well-capsulated intraneural granular cell tumor involving the posterior tibial nerve, who presented with chronic heel pain mimicking plantar fasciitis. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a well-defined intraneural soft-tissue mass within the substance of the posterior tibial nerve. Histopathologic examination showed a granular cell tumor, which is extremely rare in the peripheral nerves. Heel pain is one of the common conditions handled by physicians, podiatrists, and orthopedic surgeons. Posterior tibial nerve lesions at the leg should be kept in mind in the differential diagnosis of patients with persistent heel and foot pain. Magnetic resonance imaging is a useful method in the anatomical evaluation of focal intraneural lesions.

Echinococcosis is a parasitic disease frequently occurring in societies where agriculture and raising animals are common. In Turkey, it is more commonly observed in eastern and middle Anatolia and in Marmara and Trakya regions. While there is a high rate of occurrence in the liver and lungs, Echinococcosis can occasionally be present in other tissues and organs. In this study which was carried out in the Cukurova region, we found 962 echinococcosis cases in a ten year period. Of these, 134 (13.9%) were located outside the liver and the lung. Our aim was to determine the rate of unusual location of echinococcosis cases in our region and draw attention to the issue.

Strongyloides stercoralis is an intestinal nematode with a complex life cycle that involves colonizing and reproducing in the upper small intestinal mucosa. In a healthy host, the parasite usually does not cause any symptoms. We report a gastric infection case of S. stercoralis. A 72-year-old Turkish man was admitted to the Department of General Surgery with complaints of epigastric pain, nausea and vomiting for five days. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy evidenced a diffuse infiltrate in the stomach, causing decreased distensibility. Microscopically, superficial chronic inflammation with hyperplastic reactive changes and damaged surface was observed. Histopathological examination of the gastric mucosa showed numerous cross-sections of adult worms, eggs and rhabditiform larvae of S. stercoralis developing in the gastric crypts.

Glomus tumors are usually benign neoplasms that occur in the dermis or subcutaneous tissues of the extremities. They occur very rarely in the hip. We report a patient with severe pain and tenderness in the left hip, especially on palpation, and in the sitting position. On physical examination, there was a soft palpable subcutaneous mass and severe tenderness in the left hip. Ultrasound revealed a hypervascular subdermal mass that was 1.2 cm in diameter, which was subsequently totally excised under local anesthesia. The histopathologic diagnosis was a glomus tumor. The patient has been symptom-free for 3 months of follow-up.

Echinococcosis is a zoonotic infection caused by Echinococcus granulosus and E. multilocularis. It continues to be a serious public health problem in many countries including Turkey. In Hatay, no previous study has been carried out; therefore, in this study, in order to determine its prevalence and to attract scientific attention to this issue, we have retrospectively evaluated cases of cystic echinococcosis in human patients presenting at the pathology laboratory of the Mustafa Kemal University, Faculty of Medicine, Research Hospital, as well as Antakya and Iskenderun State Hospitals. We have identified a total of 26 cases, of which 18 were in female patients (69.23%) and 8 in male patients (30.76%). The highest rate of cystic echinococcosis was found in the liver (57.6%), and lungs (19.23%). It was also found in the peritoneal region, spleen, cervical region, muscle, and an incision scar. In addition, the presence of cystic echinococcosis was investigated in 35,812 cattle slaughtered in Antakya slaughterhouse and 5,448 (3.23%) were found to have cystic echinococcosis.

Ekinokokkozis tarım ve hayvancılığın yaygın olduğu toplumlarda sıklıkla görülen paraziter bir hastalıktır. Türkiye'de Doğu Anadolu, İç Anadolu, Marmara ve Trakya bölgelerinde daha sık izlenmektedir. Yüksek oranda karaciğer ve akciğerde yerleşim gösteren ekinokkokozis seyrek olarak diğer doku ve organlarda da görülebilir. Bu çalışmada Çukurova bölgesinde, 10 yıllık sürede, 962 ekinokokkozis olgusu saptadık. Bu olguların 134'ü (%13,9) akciğer ve karaciğer dışı yerleşimdedir. Seyrek yerleşim gösteren ekinokokkozis olgu oranlarını belirlemek ve konu üzerine dikkati çekmeyi amaçladık., Echinococcosis is a parasitic disease frequently occurring in societies where agriculture and raising animals are common. In Turkey, it is more commonly observed in eastern and middle Anatolia and in Marmara and Trakya regions. While there is a high rate of occurrence in the liver and lungs, Echinococcosis can occasionally be present in other tissues and organs. In this study which was carried out in the Cukurova region, we found 962 echinococcosis cases in a ten year period. Of these, 134 (13.9%) were located outside the liver and the lung. Our aim was to determine the rate of unusual location of echinococcosis cases in our region and draw attention to the issue.

The aim of this study was to report the clinical features, management, and outcome of two cases of complete hydatidiform mole with a coexisting viable fetus and to review the literature. In this article, we report on the well-documented follow-up of two cases of twin pregnancies with complete hydatidiform mole and a normal fetus. Genetic amniocentesis showed normal fetal karyotype in both of two cases. In the first case, a live male infant was delivered by a cesarean section because of severe maternal bleeding at 29 weeks of gestation. In the second case, termination of pregnancy was performed due to early onset of severe preeclampsia and vaginal hemorrhage. The chances of a live birth have been estimated between 30 and 35% and the risk of persistent trophoblastic disease is similar to singleton molar pregnancies in complete mole with coexisting fetus pregnancy. Therefore, in these pregnancies, expectant management instead of termination of pregnancy can be suggested.

OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effects of rolipram, a phosphodiesterase 4 enzyme inhibitor, on Escherichia coli-induced renal oxidative damage in an acute pyelonephritis (PYN) rat model. METHODS A total of 35 male Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into 7 groups (n = 5) as follows: control (uninfected), PYN 24 hours, PYN 48 hours, PYN 72 hours, PYN + rolipram 24 hours, PYN + rolipram 48 hours, and PYN + rolipram 72 hours. Ascending PYN was induced in the study groups by E. coli inoculation into the bladder, and the urethras were then occluded by collodium for 4 hours. Rolipram injections (1 mg/kg) were started before bacterial inoculation and repeated at 24-hour intervals in the PYN + rolipram groups until death. The rats were killed at the indicated times. Malondialdehyde and nitric oxide levels and superoxide dismutase and catalase activities were determined in kidney homogenates. Histopathologic examinations were also performed. RESULTS Tissue malondialdehyde and nitric oxide levels and superoxide dismutase and catalase activities were significantly increased in the kidneys from the PYN groups. However, rolipram administration reduced renal malondialdehyde and nitric oxide levels and enhanced superoxide dismutase and catalase activities. The histopathologic examinations demonstrated that rolipram treatment reduced the inflammation grade in the kidney specimens. CONCLUSIONS The results of our study have shown that rolipram has a protective effect on renal tissue from E. coli-induced oxidative injury. Therefore, phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitors might be a novel therapeutic option for the prevention and/or management of acute PYN.

Pityriasis rosea (PR) is an acute, self-limited papulosquamous dermatosis localized on the trunk and extremities. PR is seen most frequently in adolescents and young adults. Many atypical forms of the disease have been reported in the literature. We report a rare atypical type of PR with vesicles on the erythematous macules and plaques.

Derinin en sık görülen kanseri bazal hücreli karsinom (BHK) olmasına rağmen, saçlı deri lokalizasyonu oldukça nadir bildirilmektedir. BHK’ların %0.5-1’i 5cm’den geniş olup, “dev BHK” olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Bu bildiride, topikal kortikosteroid ve antifungal şampuan ile beş yıldır tedavi edilen bir dev saçlı deri BHK olgusu sunulmaktadır. Saçlı deride uzun süreli tedaviye dirençli eritematöz plak tip lezyonlarda ayırıcı tanıda BHK düşünülmelidir., Although basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common form of skin cancer, the scalp lesions of BCC have been rarely reported. Giant BCC is defined as a tumor larger than 5 cm in diameter and only 0.5-1 % of all BCCs achieve this size. We report a case of giant BCC on the scalp that was treated with topical coticosteroids and antifungal shampoo for five years. BCC should be considered in the differential diagnosis in erythematous plaque type lesions resistant to therapy with long duration localized on the scalp.

The aim of the present study was to investigate whether orchiectomy or administration of flutamide an antagonist of the testosterone receptor can reduce oxidative stress and histologic damage in the rat small bowel subjected to mesenteric ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. A total of 32 Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups. Group 1 was control (sham), group 2 was I/R, group 3 was I/R plus orchiectomy (orchiectomy was performed 14 days before I/R), group 4 was I/R plus flutamide (flutamide was given throughout 14 days before mesenteric IR). Rats were subjected to 45 min of mesenteric ischemia followed by 3 h of reperfusion. The levels of ileal malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) were found to be significantly lower in orchiectomy and flutamide treatment groups compared with I/R group (P < 0.05). The histopathological injury scores were consistent with the MDA and NO levels. These results suggest that castration or testosterone receptor blockade decreases the level of intestinal I/R injury in male rats and it is an another example for disease variations based on gender differences.

To investigate the microbial and cytopathological changes and genital symptoms in oral contraceptive pill (OCP) and intrauterine contraceptive device (IUCD) users.Included in the study were 34 women using OCP and 34 women using IUCD for 24 to 36 months period and 34 women as control group. We conducted the study between March to September 2005 in Antakya Maternity Hospital, Turkey. Vaginal discharge was subjected to wet mount examination, gram staining, and culture. Cervical smears were examined and reported using the Bethesda system as reference.In the IUCD group, women with intermediate score was 20.6%, while those with bacterial vaginosis was 11.7%. In the OCP group however, women with intermediate score was 8.8%, while those with bacterial vaginosis was 5.9%. Compared to the control group, these rates were 2.9% for those with intermediate score and 2.9% for those with bacterial vaginosis. Escherichia coli vaginal colonization increased by 5-fold in the IUCD users (p0.05). Cervical erosion was found in 14.7% of the women using IUCD as compared to the other groups (p0.05). Actinomyces like organisms was detected in 11.7% of the IUCD users (p0.05).The use of IUCD clearly alter the normal vaginal flora, although OCP appears to have minimal effects on the vaginal microbial flora. The data support the hypothesis that IUCD might change cervico vaginal environment, and suggests that women with IUCD may be at a higher risk for vulvovaginal infection.

Although oxidative damage is known to be involved in inflammatory-mediated tissue destruction, modulation of oxygen free radical production represents a new approach to the treatment of inflammatory diseases. Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), an active component of propolis from honeybee hives, has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antibacterial properties. For that reason, we aimed to investigate the efficiency of CAPE administration in preventing oxidative damage in pyelonephritis (PYN) caused by Escherichia coli. In this study, 35 Wistar rats were grouped as follows: control, PYN 24 h, PYN 48 h, PYN 72 h, CAPE 24 h, CAPE 48 h and CAPE 72 h. E. coli (1 x 10(9) c.f.u.) were inoculated into the rats in both PYN and CAPE groups via urethral catheterization. Ten microM/kg-body weight CAPE was injected to the rats in all CAPE groups 24 h before E. coli infection, and injections were repeated at 24-h intervals. Rats were sacrificed 24 h, 48 h and 72 h after infection in both PYN and CAPE groups. Malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) levels were significantly increased in kidneys of PYN groups. The activities of the antioxidant enzymes, catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and xanthine oxidase (XO) were also elevated by E. coli. However, CAPE administration reduced MDA and NO levels, as well as XO activity, although it increased SOD and GSH-Px activities. Histopathological examination showed that CAPE reduced the inflammation grade induced by E. coli. In conclusion, CAPE administrations decrease the oxidative damage occurring in PYN and therefore could be used for medical management of bacterial nephropathy.

Background: Basal cell carcinomas (BCCs) are the most prevalent cancer type among white-skinned populations worldwide. Aims: To analyze the gender and age-related incidence of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) histopathologic subtypes, to classify BCCs according to their anatomical location, invasion depth, and size, and to determine the relationship between BCC subtypes and margin of surgical excision. Methods: All BCCs analysed in our center between 2005 and 2010 were studied retrospectively. The samples, which were totally excised, were included on the basis of histopathological diagnosis of BCC, and confirmed by two pathologists. Patient data included sex, age at diagnosis, tumor location, histological subtypes, invasion depth, and size. Results: We recorded 197 BCCs obtained from 181 white patients (80 females, 101 males). The mean age among males was 64.11, and 59.33 among females. Of the cases, 45.17% were nodular, 22.33% were mixed, and 15.22 were infiltrative type. 91.84% of the cases were located on the head and neck, 3.04% were on the limbs, and 1.52 % were on the trunk. In 32 cases, the margin of surgical excision was positive (17.7%): nodular 12%, infiltrative 43.3%, mixed 20.6%, micronodular 10%, and superfacial multicentric 5.5%. Of these total 32 cases, 34.4% were located on the eyes region, 28.1% were found on the nose, and 15.6% were on the ears. Invasion depth of tumors varied from 0.5 to 22.125 mm. Conclusions: The results of our study exhibit differences in anatomical distribution, sex and mean age, invasion depth, and size of BCC subtypes. The recurrence rate for incompletely excised tumors varies according to the location and type of the tumor. Infiltrative tumors are more likely to recur and have positive margin of surgical excision. The highest positive margin of surgical excision is in infiltrative BCC. Tumors at difficult-to-treat sites and large and/or deeply invasive tumors are more liable to recur.