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The growth of interdisciplinary health services research training programs across Canada has in part been due to acknowledgement of and efforts to bridge a gap between researchers, policy makers and practitioners. Consequently, a new breed of interdisciplinary health services researchers (many of whom have specialization in knowledge translation) are now ready to meet complex system demands only to find limited career opportunities. We argue that the investments for advancing interdisciplinary health services training have not been paralleled with post-training positions in academia and elsewhere, and change must occur.

A quality education is one that best fits the present and future needs of an individual within their current society. Case-based Learning (CBL) is inquiry-based learning which allows self-directed learning, logical reasoning, problem-solving and decision-making. CBL enhances knowledge, teamwork and problem-solving skills; it is used worldwide across various healthcare fields. It can tie theory to practice and go beyond traditional learning outcomes to induce deeper learning. The CBL method has been touted as superior in preparing future healthcare professionals. This preparation is a vital step in attaining the progress needed to achieve the 2017 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). We believe the CBL approach will not only foster more competent learners, but also is a necessary and sufficient technique to meet the SDGs. We conclude that healthcare pedagogy should embrace CBL techniques in order to realize sustainable development and the healthy planetary goals.

In healthcare, teams are essential in solving today's toughest challenges. However, narrow disciplinary perspectives have limited our current understanding of how teams function in various healthcare contexts. Researchers often rely on traditional survey methods as their primary tool, which can prevent them from gathering comprehensive data. To overcome this limitation, sharing stories and narratives visually allows participants to create representations of their perceptions of team experiences and complex encounters using a variety of approaches. Despite the potential of this method, there is little empirical guidance on how to use it in health sciences research. To address this gap and provide guidance on using visual methods, particularly for analysing team function, we contacted researchers worldwide specializing in qualitative research methods. These researchers had published experience using visual methods. Over a year, three virtual, asynchronous brainstorming sessions were conducted with 16 researchers. The brainstorming sessions consisted of respondents receiving a survey with open-ended prompts to gather insight into the best practices for using visual methods. Researchers agreed that visual methods can gather implicit data, break down researcher-participant power dynamics, and improve a study's accessibility to under-represented groups. It was highlighted, when interpreting drawings, co-analysis with the creator should be facilitated to mitigate biases and support interpretation. This use of visual methods can aid the creation of tacit and more nuanced descriptions of complex phenomena and improve team function through a deeper understanding and respect of each members' needs/experiences/perspectives. Future studies should pilot visual methods with different healthcare teams to further investigate team dynamics and how findings can be used to optimize team function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is one of North America's most preventable non-communicable diseases and is the fifth leading cause of death in Canada. It is important that the care that is delivered to these patients is equitable, to help ensure that external social factors are not hindering their ability to receive adequate health care and successfully self-manage their disease. Patient engagement addresses the practitioner-patient relationship with the aim of increasing patient involvement in making decisions about their health care. This review was conducted to determine how patient engagement has been used in the delivery of equitable care for patients with COPD, including identifying best practices in the delivery of care to improve health outcomes. A search was conducted on Scopus, PubMed, and the Nursing and Allied Health database. Title and abstract results were briefly scanned, and articles that mentioned one to three of the main concepts--"COPD," "patient engagement," and "equitable healthcare"--were selected for full-text screening. Twenty-five articles were selected. Data extraction was done using a matrix, and data analysis was done thematically. Four main themes were identified and reported on. The impact of health inequities on patients with COPD is quite significant. Socioeconomic and environmental inequities appear to be the most significant contributors, highlighting the need for an approach that facilitates equitable healthcare delivery for these patients. Engagement strategies should consider whether enough perspectives are represented and ensure that patients are supported in sharing their stories. In addition, healthcare professionals should consider the perspective and experiences of their patients, while considering that they receive better care when clinicians listen to patients and acknowledge social determinants of health. Approaches to the delivery of equitable care should not focus on self-management and personal factors but take a social determinants of health approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transitional care to cardiac rehabilitation during the pandemic was a complex process for older adults, with additional challenges for decision-making and participation. This study aimed to explore the perspectives of older adults and health providers on transitional care from the hospital to cardiac rehabilitation, focusing on patient participation in decision-making. A qualitative exploratory design was used. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 15 older adults and 6 healthcare providers. Document analysis and reflexive journaling were used to support triangulation of findings. Six themes emerged from the data, related to insufficient follow-up from providers, the importance of patients' emotional and psychological health and the support provided by family members, the need for information tailored to patients' needs and spaces for participation in decision-making, as well as challenges during COVID-19, including delayed medical procedures, rushed discharge and isolating hospital stays. The findings of this study indicated a number of potential gaps in the provision of transitional care services as reported by older adults who had a cardiovascular event, often during the first few weeks post hospital discharge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims and Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate nurse perspectives on transfusion‐related adverse reaction reporting practices. Background: Transfusion‐related adverse reaction reporting is an essential component of hemovigilance in Canada, but reporting rates vary and under‐reporting of minor transfusion‐related adverse reactions exists. To our knowledge, this is the first report of nursing transfusion‐related adverse reaction reporting attitudes. Design: This qualitative descriptive study explored the nursing practices and perspectives of transfusion‐related adverse reaction reporting by conducting one‐on‐one interviews with nurses (n = 25) working in adult oncology inpatient and outpatient units. Methods: Data were thematically analysed; data collection ended when saturation was reached. The COREQ checklist was used to guide this study. Results: The study revealed that the nursing practices of transfusion‐related adverse reaction reporting are not standardised to meet the institutional reporting guidelines. Under‐reporting of febrile reactions exists at this institution. Major concepts uncovered included the factors impacting nurses' transfusion‐related reporting practices, as well as barriers and facilitators to transfusion reporting. Conclusion: A practice change in transfusion‐related adverse reaction reporting is needed to achieve optimal hemovigilance at this institution. Using the barriers and facilitators identified in this study, institutions can better inform future interventions by employing strategies like TR reporting education in order to improve reporting of transfusion‐related adverse reactions in this hospital and other similar institutions. Relevance to clinical practice: This study informs clinical practice and decision‐making for nurses and nursing educators who manage blood transfusion administration procedures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Globally, there has been a shift towards integrated care delivery and patient-centredness in the design of health services. Such a transformation is underway in Ontario, which is progressively using an interprofessional team-based approach known as Ontario Health Teams (OHTs) to deliver care. During their initial development, OHTs were required to integrate patient and families' preferences, experiences and opinions in the form of consultation and partnership with patient and family advisors (PFAs). This study aimed to understand how PFAs were involved in the early stages of planning for health system change and the perceived benefits of including PFAs in system reform. Methods: This study used a qualitative descriptive design. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 126 participants at 12 OHTs, including PFA (n = 16) and non-PFA (n = 110) members (e.g. clinicians). Data were analysed thematically. Results: We identified four themes; mechanisms of engagement, motivations to engage, challenges to PFA engagement and PFAs' impact and added value. Overall, participants viewed PFA engagement positively and PFAs felt valued and empowered. There remain logistical challenges around PFA compensation, and the amount of time and training expected of PFAs. However, all participants believed that developing an understanding of the patient, caregiver and family experience will strengthen the engagement of PFAs in OHT planning, decisions and policies. Conclusions: Diverse approaches to and stages of PFA engagement fostered meaningful and highly valued contributions to OHT development. These were considered critical to successfully achieving the mandate of patient-centred care reform. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The risk of falling increases in adults aged 65 years and older. A common barrier to take up physical activity in sedentary older adults is the fear of falls and injury. Experiences of master athletes can provide insights into management of the risk of falling. The purpose of this phenomenological study was to explore the fall-risk experience of masters athletes actively competing in sport. Methods: Masters athletes aged 55 years and older (N = 22) described their experiences in semistructured interviews. Data were analyzed through an interpretive–constructivist paradigm using inductive content analysis. Results: Five dominant themes emerged: acceptance, learning, awareness, resilience, and self-fulfillment. Participants of this study reported an acceptance of the risk they take in sport for falls and injuries in their pursuits for self-fulfillment. Discussion: Findings indicate that master athletes accept the risk for falls and injuries in sport, find ways to adapt, and continue to compete because it is self-fulfilling. Sharing their experiences might inspire other older adults to get active as a rewarding means of remaining independent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]