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ABSTRACT The decompression technique can effectively reduce the size of large periapical lesions, minimize tissue damage, and enhance surgical outcomes. This conservative approach allows for better management of extensive lesions, potentially improving patient recovery and decreasing the need for more invasive procedures.

Introduction: This study aimed to assess the opinions of specialists in endodontic treatment at Mashhad Dental School, Mashhad, Iran, in connection with teaching apical surgery in the endodontic pre-clinic and clinic of Mashhad Dental School.Materials and Methods: This study was descriptive and cross-sectional and the statistical population included all residents and faculty members of the School of Dentistry of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences and a number of privet specialists. Inclusion criteria for this study were the last year's residency or membership in the faculty of endodontics or a graduate of this course. The exclusion criterion was a failure to complete the questionnaire or lack of consent to publish its results. The questionnaire was designed electronically and was informed by channels and groups on social networks, as well as SMS and email. The groups studied in this study included entries before 2011, entries from 2011 to 2016, and entries from 2016 onwards.Results: In this study, 61 patients (31 females, 30 males) with an average age of 41.48±11.42 years participated. Twenty (32.8%) individuals stated that they had received the necessary training in apical surgery during the residency period, and 6 (9.8%) subjects claimed that they had received the necessary preparation for apical surgery in the pre-clinic. According to 23% of the subjects, training in periapical surgery in the pre-clinic was good, but not enough. There was a significant difference between the graduates before and after 2011 in obtaining the necessary training and preparation for apical surgery. Moreover, the graduates of 2016 and 2021 had higher self-confidence.Conclusion: Apical surgery training in the pre-clinic of the School of Dentistry significantly prepared the graduates of 2016-2021.

Aim. The aim of this case report is to present the successful endodontic management of an abnormally long right maxillary canine diagnosed with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis, highlighting the technical adaptations employed during treatment. Summary. Technical adaptations included modifying the handle of the endodontic hand file and utilizing a side-vented microcannula for irrigation using positive and negative pressure technique. Despite the challenges posed by the abnormal tooth length, the procedure achieved a working length of 40.7 mm, and periapical radiography confirmed the master gutta-percha reaching full working length. Notably, the patient remained asymptomatic during the six-month follow-up, highlighting the efficacy of the treatment. This article also reviews the current literature, examining comparable cases and techniques documented in scholarly sources.

Statement of the Problem: One of the rare adverse effects in patients who take bisphosphonates is the osteonecrosis of the jaw in the oral cavity following any trauma such as tooth extraction.Purpose: The aim of this study is the histopathological evaluation of the jaw following intra-ligament anesthesia injection in Zoledronate-treated rats.Materials and Method: In this descriptive-experimental study, rats weighing 200-250 g were divided into 2 groups. The first group received a 0.6 mg/kg dose of zoledronate and the second group received normal saline. Five injections with a 28-day interval were performed. At the end of the injection, the animals were sacrificed. Then, five-micrometer histological slides were prepared from the first maxillary molars and the surrounding tissues. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was performed to evaluate osteonecrosis, infiltration of inflammatory cells, fibrosis, and root and bone resorption.Results: There was no difference between the macroscopic and clinical features in both groups and no evidence of osteonecrosis of the jaw was observed in the samples. From the histological point of view, all the samples had normal tissues and none of them showed any evidence of inflammation, tissue fibrosis, disorder, or pathological root resorption.Conclusion: According to the histological findings, the periodontal ligament space, the bone adjacent to the roots, and the dental pulp conditions were similar in both groups. Osteonecrosis of the jaw did not develop in the rats that took bisphosphonates after intraligamental injection.

Introduction: The most effective strategy to prevent the transmission of Covid-19 is social distancing. Close contact between professor and student is inevitable in traditional methods of dental education. Therefore, newer methods should be used to avoid unnecessary contacts while continuing the training. The present study aimed to evaluate the educational method using online classes and videos on preclinical endodontics from the perspective of professors and undergraduate students. Materials and Methods: The Practical Principles of Endodontics course was taught to 67 undergraduate students on two levels P1 and P2 (31 students in P1 and 36 students in P2). In each session, students watched a professionally produced demo video with a verbal explanation. The main points were stated by the instructor during and after watching the videos. Then the students' questions were answered before the practice. The students of P2 had passed their P1 course in the traditional method in the previous semester; therefore, comparing traditional and new teaching methods was possible. Results: A total of 67 students and 12 professors completed the questionnaire. The degree of agreement in three groups (students of P1, students of P2, and professors) was statistically different in 6 of 7 similar questions (P

Background. The present in vitro study aimed to compare the effectiveness of the WaveOne and ProTaper Gold systems in removing the Enterococcus faecalis biofilm. Methods. Thirty-eight mandibular premolars were selected. The root canals were assigned to standard control (canals serially enlarged with ProTaper Gold S1-S2-F1-F2, n=15) and experimental (canals enlarged with Primary WaveOne file, n=15) groups. Following the instrumentation procedure, the root canals underwent a sampling procedure, and the colonyforming unit (CFU) counts were determined. The samples were also evaluated under a fluorescent microscope to evaluate viable bacteria. The data were analyzed using independent samples t test and paired samples t test. Results. The results showed that, compared with the ProTaper group, the WaveOne group exhibited the least viable bacteria (P=0.004). Conclusion. It was concluded that comparison with the ProTaper Gold rotary system, the WaveOne reciprocating file is more successful in reducing intratubular viable bacteria counts.

Background: Electrochemical disinfection of the root canal system (RCS) is introduced as an alternative to conventional irrigation. The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of depotphoresis method in the disinfection of accessible and inaccessible RCSs. Materials and Methods: In this comparative in vitro study disinfection of Enterococcus faecalis-infected RCS using two methods, (1) depotphoresis and (2) sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) irrigation plus passive ultrasonic agitation (PUA) took place on 40 extracted maxillary anterior teeth. Decoronation was done with a diamond disc, and the canals were instrumented. The roots were divided into two phases: the specimens with canal obstruction and the specimens without canal obstruction. The smear layer was removed, and the specimens were infected for 21 days with E. faecalis. After disinfection procedures, bacterial samples were taken using two sterile #35 paper points, and colony-forming units (CFU) were counted. Data were analyzed statistically using the Kruskal–Wallis test, with a significance level at P < 0.05, to indicate differences between depotphoresis and NaOCl plus PUA groups. Results: In both phases, Log CFU after depotphoresis treatment was significantly lower than NaOCl irrigation plus PUA treatment (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Treatment with depotphoresis was significantly more effective than NaOCl irrigation plus PUA treatment.

The anatomic anomalies detection is important for an attentive clinician. Asuccessful treatment of an endodontically involved tooth should make itfunctional and aesthetically acceptable for the patient. The following articlepresented a case of gemination and the endodontic, prosthetic and periodontaltreatments which were done to keep a complicated tooth in aesthetic zone