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Karolina Dłużniak-Gołaska,1 Mariusz Panczyk,2 Agnieszka Szypowska,3 Beata Sińska,4 Dorota Szostak-Węgierek1 1Department of Clinical Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland; 2Department of Education and Research in Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland; 3Department of Pediatrics, The First Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland; 4Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, PolandCorrespondence: Mariusz PanczykDepartment of Education and Research in Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw, Zwirki i Wigury 61, Warsaw 02-091, PolandTel +48 22 572 0490Fax +48 22 572 0491Email mariusz.panczyk@wum.edu.plIntroduction: Effectively conducted nutrition education is one of the key elements of the therapy of type 1 diabetes. The aim of the study was to compare the effectiveness of two methods of nutrition education.Material and methods: A noninvasive interventional randomized single-blind study included 151 patients (13.7±2.2 years old) with poorly controlled type 1 diabetes, treated with the use of insulin pumps. The participants were randomly divided into two groups: a control group (C) in which informative education methods were used (a lecture) and an experimental group (E) in which interactive methods (quiz and multimedia application) were additionally applied. The concentration of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) was the primary outcome. The secondary outcomes were: standard deviation score-body mass index (SDS-BMI), standard deviation score-systolic blood pressure (SDS-SBP), standard deviation score-diastolic blood pressure (SDS-DBP), scores of Nutrition Knowledge Survey (NKS) and indices of healthy and unhealthy diet.Results: A marked reduction in HbA1c concentrations was observed after 3 months in group E [−0.47% (−0.77; −0.17), P

Karolina Dłużniak-Gołaska,1 Dorota Szostak-Węgierek,1 Mariusz Panczyk,2 Agnieszka Szypowska,3 Beata Sińska4 1Department of Clinical Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland; 2Department of Education and Research in Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland; 3Department of Pediatrics, The First Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland; 4Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, PolandCorrespondence: Mariusz PanczykDepartment of Education and Research in Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw, Zwirki i Wigury 61, Warsaw 02-091, PolandTel +48 22 572 0490Fax +48 22 572 0491Email mariusz.panczyk@wum.edu.plIntroduction: Appropriate health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes constitutes one of the most important factors that determine treatment effectiveness. There are numerous studies which tackle the issue of the relationship between HRQOL and various clinical and demographic factors, including gender. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to assess HRQOL and identify factors by which it may be affected, with particular emphasis on gender.Material and methods: The study group included 197 girls and boys (13.9±2.33 years old) with a history of type 1 diabetes (>1 year) treated with the use of insulin pumps. PedsQL Diabetes Module 3.0 questionnaire was used in the assessment of HRQOL. Multivariate linear regression with gender as a covariate was used to investigate the relationship between total PedsQL score and selected variables associated with patient characteristics, insulin dosage and the control of glycemia. Moreover, the presence of gender differences was verified in terms of variables which significantly affected HRQOL.Results: Significantly higher results were observed in boys as regards the total PedsQL score (70.8±11.91 vs 62.4±13.91; P

Karolina Dłużniak-Gołaska,1 Mariusz Panczyk,2 Dorota Szostak-Węgierek,1 Agnieszka Szypowska,3 Beata Sińska4 1Department of Clinical Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland; 2Division of Teaching and Outcomes of Education, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland; 3Department of Pediatrics, The First Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland; 4Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland Introduction: The dietary habits of patients with type 1 diabetes are key elements of treatment as they facilitate the normalization of glycemia and maintenance of normal body weight (BW), lipid concentration, and the level of blood pressure. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyze dietary habits and to verify the influence of the quality of diet on insulin dosage and selected clinical variables.Materials and methods: The study included 194 subjects (8–18 years old) suffering from type 1 diabetes and treated with the use of insulin pump. A modified KomPAN questionnaire was used to assess dietary habits and the frequency of the consumption of selected products. Two groups of patients were distinguished: G1 (poorer quality of diet) and G2 (better quality of diet). Clinical data were also collected.Results: Very low scores were noted in the whole study group as regards the index of healthy diet (27.6±11.1, 3.8–61.0). After dividing the participants into groups, it was observed that G1 included more boys (63.8%), and more girls were found in G2 (66.9%). G2 patients chose sweet and salty snacks and fried meals less frequently, and they consumed boiled dishes and avoided sweetening with sugar or honey more frequently. The following characteristics were observed in G1 patients: longer duration of the disease (6.5 vs 5.2 years), higher doses of insulin (0.86 vs 0.76 U/kg of BW/day), and being overweight (31.0% vs 17.6%) and underweight (19.0% vs 8.8%) noted twice more frequently. We did not observe differences concerning the concentration of glycated hemoglobin and lipids in the serum and the values of blood pressure.Conclusion: The findings revealed unsatisfactory dietary habits in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes and indicated the necessity to analyze additional factors that might influence the quality of diet of the patients. Keywords: quality of diet, dietary habits, type 1 diabetes, index of healthy diet, index of unhealthy diet

Introduction and Objective: The COVID-19 pandemic led to the introduction of sanitary restrictions in many countries which necessitated numerous lifestyle changes, especially in the diet. The study aimed to compare the diet and selected lifestyle elements in the Polish population during the COVID-19 pandemic., Material and Methods: The study group consisted of 964 individuals: 482 before the COVID-19 pandemic (composed using the Propensity Score Matching method) and 482 during the pandemic. The National Health Programme 2017-2020 results were used., Results: During the pandemic increased, e.g. the intake of: total lipids (78.4 g vs. 83 g; p<0.035), saturated fatty acids (SFA) (30.4 g vs. 32.3 g; p=0.01), sucrose (56.5 g vs. 64.6 g; p=0.0001), calcium (602.5 mg vs. 666.6 mg; p=0.004), and folate (261.6 mcg vs. 284.7 mcg; p=0.003). When nutrient densities of pre-Covid-19 and COVID-19 diets were compared, some differences were noted; per 1,000 kcal the amounts decreased of plant protein (13.7 g vs. 13.1 g; p=0.001), carbohydrates (130.8 g vs. 128.0 g; p=0.021), fibre (9.1 g vs. 8.4 g; p=0.000), sodium (1,968.6 mg vs. 1,824.2 mg; p=0.000); while the amounts increased of total lipids (35.9 g vs. 37.0 g; p=0.001), SFA (14.1 g vs. 14.7 g; p=0.003), and sucrose (26.4 g vs. 28.4 g; p=0.001). The COVID-19 pandemic had no effect on alcohol consumption, the number of smokers increased (from 131 to 169), sleep duration during weekdays, and the number of persons with low physical activity (182 vs. 245; p<0.001)., Conclusions: Numerous unfavourable changes occurred in the diet and lifestyle during the COVID-19 pandemic, which may contribute to the exacerbation of health problems in the future. Nutrient density in the diet combined with well-designed consumer education may underlie the development of diet recommendations.

Background and Aims: There is no prior research on the usefulness that popular nutrition-related mobile applications would have in assessing fatty acids intake. In this study, we examine these applications through their utilization in the assessment of consumption of saturated (SFAs) and polyunsaturated (PUFAs) fatty acids against the Polish reference method (RM, Dieta 6.0). This report does also include the information about monounsaturated fatty acids and cholesterol intake., Methods and Results: SFAs and PUFAs intake was assessed using two-day dietary recalls obtained from 120 individuals by 3 selected mobile applications (App1 = Yazio, App2 = MyFitnessPal, App3 = Fitatu) and compared with RM. Despite strong (SFAs by App1 and App3) and moderate (SFAs by App2 and PUFAs by App1, App2, App3) correlations with RM, Bland-Altman analyses showed relevant biases and wide range between limits of agreement. Considering SFAs and MUFAs intake, App1 had the best agreement. App1 had high sensitivity (94.6%) in recognition of subjects with SFAs intake >10% with moderate specificity (67.9%), while App2 had poor sensitivity (27.2%) and high specificity (100%). App3 showed moderate sensitivity and specificity (77.2% and 75%, respectively)., Conclusions: Mobile applications are not accurate tools in SFAs and PUFAs assessment when compared to the RM. Nonetheless, their ability to recognize SFAs intake >10% energy intake may suggest that further development of mobile applications could potentially become an attractive tool in clinical practice., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors report no conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2022 The Italian Diabetes Society, the Italian Society for the Study of Atherosclerosis, the Italian Society of Human Nutrition and the Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

(1) Background: The COVID-19 pandemic exerts a negative influence on dietary behaviors, which may lead to health deterioration. Dietary behaviors may be determined by psychological characteristics, such as basic hope and resilience, which facilitate the effective adjustment to new difficult conditions. The professional literature includes no research on the role of basic hope and resilience in the context of undertaken dietary behaviors in the situations of mental load associated with pandemics. The study aimed at the description of the dietary behaviors of individuals with various intensities of the discussed psychological characteristics (basic hope and resilience); (2) The observational cross-sectional online questionnaire study was conducted with the participation of 1082 adult Polish inhabitants. Three psychological scales were used: PSS-10, the Brief Resilient Coping Scale (BRCS) and BHI-12 questionnaire. The assessment of the adherence to dietary recommendations was performed with the present authors' Dietary Guidelines Adherence Index (DGA Index); (3) Results: The value of DGA Index was variable depending on the psychological profile of study participants. The highest adherence to the principles of appropriate nutrition was observed in individuals characterized by the ability to cope with difficult situations and those who quickly adapted to new changing circumstances. The DGA Index values became poorer with the deterioration of the coping ability as regards stress and mental load; (4) Conclusions: Nutritional education during pandemics should encompass the psychological profile of the patients. It requires the implementation of a different psychodietetic approach which will facilitate a more effective introduction of a well-balanced diet.

Background. Nutrition education is one of the most important factors determining the effectiveness of treatment and maintaining an adequate quality of life (QoL) in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes., Material and Methods. A randomized single-blind study was conducted between October 2017 and April 2019 at the Children's Clinical Hospital in Warsaw. The study included 170 patients (aged 8-17) with at least 1-year history of type 1 diabetes, treated with insulin pumps. The participants were randomly divided into two groups: a control group (C) - traditional/ informative education methods, and an experimental group (E) - modern/interactive methods. PedsQL Diabetes Module 3.0 questionnaire was used in the assessment of the QoL. Total PedsQL score was the primary outcome. The secondary outcomes included the results obtained in five subscales of the questionnaire. The relationships between selected variables and changes in scores were also verified., Results. Data obtained from 136 patients were analyzed. In both groups no significant changes regarding total PedsQL were noted 6 months after the intervention. However, a significant reduction occurred as regards the scores of 'Communication' subscale in group C. Analyzing other determinants of the QoL, significant dependencies were observed between: the level of physical activity and a change in 'Diabetes symptoms' subscale, and the level of parents' education and a change in 'Treatment barriers' subscale., Conclusions. Both methods of nutrition education exerted a comparable influence on the total QoL. However, modern methods were more effective in terms of the improvement in the aspect of communication. Additionally, moderate physical activity and parents' tertiary education constituted valid determinants of various aspects of the QoL in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes., Competing Interests: The authors have nothing to declare, (© Copyright by the National Institute of Public Health - National Institute of Hygiene.)

Background and Aim: The aim of the study was to assess the impact of individualised nutritional intervention based on the DASH diet (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) on the nutritional status, blood pressure, and selected biochemical parameters of obese/overweight patients with primary arterial hypertension., Methods: A total of 131 participants were randomised to the DASH intervention group (DIG; n = 69, 33 males) or the control group (CG; n = 62, 32 males). A three-month nutritional intervention was carried out in the DIG group, while the control group received only standard recommendations. Body weight, height, waist and hip circumference, body composition, blood pressure, serum glucose, and insulin and leptin concentrations were measured at the baseline and after the intervention., Results: Sixty-four (92.8%) participants in the intervention and 62 (100%) in the control group completed the study. In the DIG group a significant decrease in body mass, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, body fat content, fasting glucose, insulin, and leptin concentrations were observed in comparison to the control group (p < 0.05)., Conclusions: The DASH dietary intervention provides significant benefits to overweight/obese patients with primary hypertension.

Pregnant and breastfeeding women who eat vegetarian are a source of much controversy. This is the result of concern that eliminating some or all animal produce may lead to nutritional deficiencies and thus adversely affect the mother's and child's health. The American Dietetic Association's position is that appropriately planned vegan, lacto-vegetarian and lacto-ovo-vegetarian diets ensure a normal course of pregnancy and lactation. However, in practice the balancing of such a diet can pose certain difficulties, especially for individuals without the necessary experience or knowledge about nutrition. Nutrients to which particular attention needs to be paid to ensure their sufficient supply include: protein (essential amino acids), Omega-3 essential fatty acids, iron and calcium as well as vitamins D and B(12). The proper adherence to recommendations can be attained with a varied diet containing suitable plant products compensating for the nutritional value of the eliminated animal products. Supplementation with vitamin D and vitamin B(12) is also necessary. Research shows that infants born to vegetarian mothers are born at term and have normal birth weight. There is an increased risk of hypospadias in boys. The main difference in the composition of vegetarian mothers' milk compared to non-vegetarians' is lower content of docosahexaenoic acid and higher content of Linoleic and α-Linolenic acid., (© 2016 MEDPRESS.)

The relationship between diet and acne is highly controversial. Several studies during the last decade have led dermatologists to reflect on a potential link between diet and acne. This article presents the latest findings on a potential impact that diet can have on pathogenesis of acne vulgaris. The association between diet and acne can no longer be dismissed. Compelling evidence shows that high glycemic load diets may exacerbate acne. Dairy ingestion appears to be weakly associated with acne and the roles of omega-3 fatty acids, dietary fiber, antioxidants, vitamin A, zinc and iodine remain to be elucidated. The question of what the impact of diet is on the course of acne vulgaris still remains unclear.

Intrroduction: Incorrect eating habits are a significant risk factor for breast tumours. An appropriate diet is a vital part in the treatment of such a disorder., The Aim: The aim of the study was to assess current eating habits in women diagnosed with breast tumours and the changes introduced after diagnosis., Material and Methods: The survey was conducted among 200 women aged 59±11.2 with a diagnosed breast tumour. An original survey questionnaire was used to assess the respondents' dietary habits. Questions pertained to the frequency of consumption of certain food groups, changes in diet since the moment of diagnosis and sources of knowledge about nutrition., Results: A number of current incorrect eating habits became apparent (namely, low frequency of eating wholemeal products, legumes, fish, vegetables, fruit and high frequency of eating sweets), as well as many beneficial changes introduced after the diagnosis (more frequent consumption of wholemeal products, poultry, vegetables and fruit and lower frequency of consumption of red meat, meat preserves, sweets, sweetened drinks and alcohol), with no difference in age, education or time elapsed since the diagnosis. Less than one third of respondents have received nutrition advice after their diagnosis., Conclusions: In spite of the beneficial changes in dietary habits there is a need for widely available, reliable nutrition education amongst all women diagnosed with a breast tumour.

Introduction: Both menopausal period and aging have influence on body composition, increase of total body fat and visceral fat in particular. We should be aware that changes in body composition, mainly fat translocation to abdominal region, can occur without significant changes in body weight. Therefore quantitative abdominal fat assessment should be our aim., The Aim: Body composition analysis based on two compartment model and abdominal fat area assessment in cross section., Material and Methods: Subjects in postmenopausal period (41 women) were recruited for this study and divided into 2 groups: group 1 - women aged 45-56 years and group 2 - women aged 57-79 years. Body composition analysis and abdominal fat area assessment were conducted by using bioelectrical impedance method with BioScan 920 (Maltron int.) accordingly with standardized procedure., Results: Women in early postmenopausal stage (Group 1) had statistically significant lower total body fat percentage in comparison with women in late postmenopausal period (Group 2) (41.09 ± 7.72% vs. 50.7 ± 9.88%, p=0.0021). Also women in group 1 were characterized by significant lower visceral fat area (VAT) as well as subcutaneous fat area (SAT) in comparison with group 2 (respectively VAT 119.25 ± 30.09 cm2 vs. 199.36 ± 87.38 cm2, p=0.0011; SAT 175.19 ±57.67 cm2 vs. 223.4±74.29 cm2, p=0.0336). According to VAT criteria (>120 cm2), 44% of women in group 1 and 80% in group 2 had excess of visceral fat., Conclusions: Both total body fat and intra-abdominal fat increased with age, independently of weight changes.

Unlabelled: Diabetes is one of the fastest spreading XXI century diseases. One of the most important element of diabetes therapy should constitute dietary treatment resulting from thorough nutritional knowledge., Aim: The aim of study was to investigate the connection between the level of knowledge and way of feeding among patients with type 1 and 2 diabetes treated with insulin., Materials and Methods: The research was conducted among 105 patients with type 1 and 2 diabetes treated with insulin. Knowledge level was assessed in accordance with author's questionnaire, way of feeding in accordance with 24 hour nutritional interview. Diet 5 and Statistical 10 has been used to carry out data analysis., Results: The largest correctness has been demonstrated in the question about the carbohydrate content in food (60%), the lowest correctness while carbohydrate exchanges knowledge has been checked (12%). Generally, patients demonstrated medium knowledge level (41% correct answers). Good level of knowledge (>50% corrects answers) has been represented by 26%, medium level of knowledge (30-50% corrects answers) by 49%, low level of knowledge (<30% correct answers) by 25% of responders. Knowledge assessment has shown too high percentage of energy from carbohydrates and saturated fatty acids and too high consumption of cholesterol and sodium. Moreover dietary fiber and polyunsaturated fatty acids shortage has been observed in analyzing diets. Interdependence between knowledge level and way of feeding has not been found (exception: lower percentage of energy from fat in patient's with medium level of knowledge diets)., Conclusions: Improper way of feeding and low level of knowledge can constitute a obstacle to achieve optimal treatment results., (© 2015 MEDPRESS.)

Multiple sclerosis is a chronic, inflammatory, demyelinating disease which affects the central nervous system and is linked to autoimmune disorders. Although the precise causes of multiple sclerosis remain unknown, some evidence points towards hypovitaminosis D. Apart from the maintenance of calcium and phosphorus homeostasis, vitamin D also plays a major role in other aspects of human health. It is caused by the vitamin D receptor, which is present in many human organs and tissues. Vitamin D is an immunomodulating factor and accordingly has a potential to be effective in both preventing and treating autoimmune diseases, including multiple sclerosis. The aim of this review was to present up-to-date knowledge about vitamin D, especially its impact on risk of multiple sclerosis onset, relapses, and potential to modify the immune response. A further objective was to describe the role of vitamin D supplementation and its provision in the everyday diet for both prevention and treatment of multiple sclerosis.

Unlabelled: Postmenopausal period brings changes in body composition. Among the major alterations the tendency to decrease in fat free mass (FFM) and increase in the amount of fat mass (FM) are observed. Simultaneously loss of muscle mass and decline in muscle strength with the advancing age are observed. Coexistence of sarcopenia and obesity creates a new category of obesity - sarcopenic obesity (SO), which may cause numerous negative consequences. Therefore, clinicians attention should be drawn to this issue. Unfortunately clear criteria to its identification are lacking., Aim: The aim of the present investigation was to determine the prevalence of sarcopenic obesity in postmenopausal women in depending on different definition., Materials and Methods: Thirty two postmenopausal women (Group 1) and thirty one young, healthy women (Group 2) participated in the study. Within Group 1 SO was identified, while Group 2 was used for defining to cut-off points. All participants underwent body composition analysis by bioelectrical impedance. Additionally height, body weight and hand grip strength were measured. Sarcopenic obesity was defined by the combination of obesity and sarcopenia., Results: Using different criteria for SO identification diversified study results in the prevalence of SO were observed (21.87 to 84.37%). The highest percentage of SO persons was observed while using the Skeletal Mass Index (SMI) derived cut off score, with fat mass (FM%), the most inclusive. In contrast, the lowest number of sarcopenic obese cases were observed when FFMI based on own group cut-off point was used and in the case of using MMI derived cut-off point defined for French population., Conclusions: Prevalence of sarcopenic obesity varied, depending on the used criteria. Due to discrepancies between the criteria of sarcopenic obesity identification, standardization of definition and muscle mass predictive equations are required. Development of reference values for Polish population should be undertaken., (© 2015 MEDPRESS.)

Diverticular disease is more often categorized as a civilization disease that affects both women and men, especially at an old age. The pathophysiology remains complex and arises from the interaction between dietary fiber intake, bowel motility and mucosal changes in the colon. Obesity, smoking, low physical activity, low-fiber diet (poor in vegetables, fruit, whole grain products, seeds and nuts) are among factors that increase the risk for developing diverticular disease. Additionally, the colonic outpouchings may be influenced by involutional changes of the gastrointestinal tract. Therefore, the fiber rich diet (25-40 g/day) plays an important role in prevention, as well as nonpharmacological treatment of uncomplicated diverticular disease. The successful goal of the therapy can be achieved by well-balanced diet or fiber supplements intake. Research indicate the effectiveness of probiotics in dietary management during the remission process. Moreover, drinking of appropriate water amount and excluding from the diet products decreasing colonic transit time - should be also applied., (© 2015 MEDPRESS.)

Fertility disorders and the resulting inability to reproduce constitute an increasingly common public health problem in contemporary society. The growing scale of this phenomenon has prompted the World Health Organization to recognize infertility as a social disease, which affects about 13-17% of couples of reproductive age. Recent studies have shown that lifestyle, and especially diet, can influence reproductive health and proper nutrition and nutritional status can decrease the risk of fertility disorders. A larger intake of monounsaturated fatty acids; of fruit and vegetable products that are a good source of protein and nonheme iron; and of high-fat dairy is recommended in order to improve women's fertility. The intake of trans fatty acids and carbohydrate products with a high glycaemic index should be reduced. Supplementing the diet with multivitamin products containing folic acid and iron is also advised. Complementing fertility therapy with modifying the diet and planning proper nutrition may result in increasing the effectiveness of the treatment.

The aim of the study was evaluated high-fat (20% w/w), hypercholesterolemic (3% w/w) diets differing in dietary fat type (butter, margarine with stanols, margarine with rapeseed oil and sunflower oil) influence on plasma lipids profile in male Wistar rats. The results show that cholesterol enriched diets, excluding diet containing margarine with stanols, had hypercholesterolemic effects on rats.

The aim of this research was evaluation of influence of milk and dairy products consumption on advance of dental caries observed in the group of children and teenager. The dependences between milk and dairy products (dairy beverages, cottage cheese and other kinds of cheese) consumption and advance of dental caries were analyzed. The objects of the research were 44 patients aged 7-18 years. Elements of the research were the questionnaire survey and the assessment of the patients diet. The statistical analysis was conducted using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and Kruskall-Wallis test as far as the coefficient of correlations by Pearson. In the research it was found that cheese consumption contributes to decrease of dental caries coefficient. The need to provide children and teenagers commonly the nutritional education, concentrating on proper model of the diet and systematic consumption of milk and dairy products, was proved.