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Transient electromagnetic method (TEM) is often used in urban underground space exploration and field geological resource detection. Inversion is the most important step in data interpretation. Because of the volume effect of the TEM, the inversion results are usually multi-solvable. To reduce the multi-solvability of inversion, the constrained inversion of TEM has been studied using the least squares method. The inversion trials were performed using two three-layer theoretical geological models and one four-layer theoretical geological model. The results show that one-dimensional least squares constrained inversion is faster and more effective than unconstrained inversion. The induced electromotive force attenuation curves of the inversion model indicate that the same attenuation curve may be used for different geological conditions. Therefore, constrained inversion using known geological information can more accurately reflect the underground geological information.

To decrease the exergy drop, a new style of tape with an inset of the obstacle has been applied in the current utilized heat exchanger. Numerical technique was chosen to discover the solution of the equations for the current application. Hybrid nanopowders were added into a base fluid and an experimental formulation was utilized for involving the new working fluid. Addition of nanopowder and insertion of obstacle over the tape lead to augmentation of productivity of unit and help the system to minimize the irreversibility. Checking the correctness of the procedure in the modeling has been tested and proved to be in nice agreement. Two configurations for geometry of tube have been compared in two levels of Re. The regime of fluid is turbulent and the generation of grid has been done with considering the limitation of [Formula: see text]. With the insertion of obstacle in the lowest level of Re, the swirl flow increases and [Formula: see text] augments about 252.6% while [Formula: see text] reduces about 21.22%. The value of heating term is much higher than the friction term, so Xd declines by 21.21%. With the use of new configuration of turbulator, elevating [Formula: see text] leads to elevation of [Formula: see text] by 24.21% but [Formula: see text] declines about 83.39%. Adding the turbulator with obstacle, [Formula: see text] decreases about 0.22% when Re [Formula: see text] 2e4.

New approach was employed to simulate the radiative and convective migration of nano powders through a compound permeable zone. To develop the code for such porous domain, Non-equilibrium has been selected and to use the benefits of previous empirical correlations, homogeneous model was utilized. After discarding the pressure terms, obtained equations have been modeled by combined of FVM and FEM. Outcomes demonstrated not only the contours of hydrothermal behaviors, but also new formulation for Nu according to simulations. As an output of augmenting Hartmann, temperature of inner surface augments and Nu declines. Also, diminishing the thermal plume is another result of increasing Ha. Augmenting buoyancy effect can augment the strength of convection and magnitude of stream function augments. Choosing good shape for nanoparticles can affect the thermal treatment and outputs revealed that Platelet shape has highest performance.