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Peru reported the second-highest COVID-19 cases in Latin America, after Brazil. The first COVID-19 wave occurred between March–December 2020, and the second occurred between January–September 2021. The differences between these waves remain largely unknown, and there is no comparison between them in Peru. We evaluated the variation in the clinical and epidemiological components of COVID-19-affected patients in both waves in northern Peru by a retrospective study using the clinical follow-up database of Lambayeque and the epidemiological notification form database of NotiWeb. The COVID-19-associated factors during the two waves were determined using simple and multiple regression analysis, and the prevalence ratio (PR) was estimated. During the second wave of COVID-19, there was an increase in cough symptoms in 12.1%, odynophagia in 5.0%, and chills in 16.0% compared with the first wave. The second wave was marked by a higher proportion of affected adolescents and children and a greater percentage of respiratory symptoms than the first wave.

We performed an analytical, cross-sectional study of 285 consumers to assess the influence of social influence, resistance to use, facilitators to use, perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness of telemedicine on the intention to use telemedicine of citizens of Argentina in times of the pandemic by COVID-19. The proposed research model was analyzed using partial least square structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). Perceived ease of use had a positive effect (0.624) on perceived usefulness; facilitating conditions had a positive effect (0.476) on usage intention; perceived risk (-0.062) and social influence (0.072) did not have an effect on usage intention. Bootstrapping showed that the beta coefficients were statistically significant. The outcomes may provide ideas to healthcare managers to know what an expectation about telemedicine is and develop new services directed to patients.

Over the years, industrial safety management in Peru's metallurgical mining sector has become a business problem with no acceptable solution. Annual statistics reveal an average of 60–70 fatal accidents in companies in this sector. This paper proposes using the Systemic Methodology to Develop and Maintain a Dynamic Balanced Scorecard MSDBSC-EM) to be used in the industrial safety management of the safety department of a Peruvian company in the metallurgical mining sector. This methodology was created at the Instituto Andino de Sistemas - IAS of Peru and combines the criteria of the Balanced Scorecard with the modeling of System Dynamics and contributions of the Soft System Methodology. This proposal demonstrates that dynamic simulation facilitates organizational learning and allows the designing of action plans in the present to manage the future. Also, modeling and computer tools facilitate the development and implementation of prototypes, which can be used to analyze required scenarios through pleasant and easy-to-use environments. In this sense, a dynamic model of key performance indicators of objectives, goals and initiatives was developed and four scenarios (A, B, C and D) were analyzed, from which it can be observed that the degree of commitment and leadership with the Industrial safety affects the increase in the level of preventive culture, which in turn favors the prevention of risks and the achievement of tangible objectives in industrial safety, evident in the drastic decrease in the occurrence of accidents and occupational diseases, and this is achieved to the extent that the personnel have the necessary competencies, which in turn is obtained through constant comprehensive training and the appropriate selection of personnel. On the other hand, the operating budget of the security department is a limiting factor in achieving these criteria. Another important aspect is the degree of existing communication, which affects the increase in the level of preventive culture.

ABSTRACTThe current study evaluated factors that explain green entrepreneurship intention (GEI) among 407 university students in Chile, who were presented with an online questionnaire. Thirty-nine questions evaluated their GEI, and the data was analysed using multivariate techniques. Results showed thatconcept development support (CDS), business development support (BDS) and academic training support (ATS) had a positive effect on institutional support (IS). Country support (CS) had a positive effect on self-efficacy (SE). IS did not have a positive effect on SE. Finally, SE had a positive effect on GEI. The model explained 25.3% of GEI. Bootstrapping led support to these results. The effects of CDS, BDS, ATS, CS and SE were positive and significant. Recognizing which factors have a significant effect can be useful to devise university programs aiming to enhance GEI among university students. The results of this paper may provide useful indications about future entrepreneurship and possibly suggest ways in which students’ participation in private companies may create successful green products and services.

ABSTRACTThe pandemic has led to a surge in virtual training, prompting the need to assess whether people are open to using more advanced technologies, like the metaverse, for academic training. This research aims to identify the factors influencing people’s intention to receive academic training through the metaverse. The study collected responses from 251 individuals in Colombia through an online survey, and the data was analyzed using the partial least squares structural equation modeling technique. The results showed that digital literacy significantly positively affects self-efficacy to participate in the metaverse (0.568; p

ObjectiveIt was to evaluate changes in lifestyle habits and health behavior among university students in Peru and Mexico during periods of confinement associated with the COVID-19 pandemic and to identify possible relationships between these changes and sociodemographic variables, health status, and technology consumption.MethodsIt was a quantitative, observational, and cross-sectional study conducted among a population of 739 Mexican students and 305 Peruvian students, most of whom were women (n =778, 74.5%) and non-graduates (n =921, 88.2%). The questionnaire scale for changes in lifestyles during the quarantine period has been previously validated.ResultsThe association between sociodemographic factors and dimensions of change in healthy lifestyles was evaluated, and it was shown that gender and country of residence were significant for all dimensions of healthy lifestyle (p < 0.05), except for the level of education, which did not show significance about the change in the dimensions of media consumption (p = 0.875) and physical activity (p = 0.239). Within the dimensions mentioned, it can be stated that women are more likely than men to change their eating habits (adjusted prevalences (aPR) = 1.08, p < 0.001), media consumption (aPR = 1.04, p < 0.001), and physical activity (aPR = 1.02, p < 0.001). Meanwhile, participants from Peru are more likely than participants from Mexico to change physical activity (aPR = 1.14, p < 0.001) and media consumption (aPR = 1.22, p < 0.001). Finally, graduate students were more likely than undergraduate students to change eating habits (aPR = 1.09, p = 0.005) and unhealthy habits (aPR = 1.06, p = 0.030).ConclusionIt was concluded that there were lifestyle changes in Mexican and Peruvian university students in their eating habits, physical activity, internet consumption, and food delivery.

Genetically modified (GM) foods are important because of their ability to increase crop yields, resist disease and adverse weather conditions, and improve nutritional quality. However, their use generates controversy because of concerns about food safety, benefits and risks due to their consumption. It is therefore necessary to evaluate the importance of these variables. The current study evaluated the variables that explain consumers' intention to purchase GM food in Panama. It was carried out by prospective, quantitative, non-experimental, and correlational research of 385 consumers. A multivariate technique evaluated the model proposed in the current study. Attitude toward food safety showed a negative effect on perceived risks from GM food and a positive effect on perceived benefits from GM food. Also, Perceived risks from GM food presented a negative and significant effect on Attitudes towards GM food and Perceived benefits from GM food showed a positive and significant effect on Attitudes towards GM food. Finally, Attitudes towards GM food positively affected GM food purchase intention. Firms can use these outcomes to prepare new strategies for communication about their products with GM components. Also, governments can use the information to create education programs for the population about GM foods, benefits and risks. Future studies in other regions are needed.

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated universities' adaptation process toward online education, and it is necessary to know the students' attitudes toward this online education. Objective: To describe the evolution of the attitude toward online education among social science students at a public university in Peru in the academic year 2020, in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: The study uses a quantitative approach, a descriptive level, a non-experimental design, and a longitudinal trend. The sample consisted of 1063 students at the beginning of the class period, 908 during the classes, and 1026 at the end of the class period. The questionnaire for data collection was the Attitude scale toward online education for university students during the COVID-19 pandemic. The data was collected using Google Forms. Results: As a result, the attitude towards online education was predominantly weak negative at the beginning (51.1 %) and during the classes (49.1 %), and weak positive (48.1 %) at the end of the class period. The changes were not significant when comparing the three moments, the levels of attitude toward, intention to adopt, ease of use, technical and pedagogical support, stressors, and need for online education (p-value

Highly volatile, uncertain, complex and ambiguous environments (VUCA) complicate and condition project management. With the emergence of agile project management, it is proposed to co-construct it with the client's active participation. Two used agile methodologies are Scrum and Kanban. Scrum is based on executing fast, interactive cycles (Sprints) for the incremental construction of products. Kanban promotes the balance of the continuous workflow through synchronizing tasks and seeking perfection. The combined use of Scrum-Kanban facilitates the integration of the best of both approaches. The Theory of Constraints (TOC) proposes a method for managing constraints in a system (Constraint Management). The Drum-Buffer-Rope (DBR) method and Buffer Management are practical applications of this theory. This study seeks to maximize the continuous flow of value (Throughput) in agile project management by synergistically integrating the DBR method with Scrum-Kanban. The five-step process is implemented for the planning, executing, and controlling the Kanban board in a Scrum Sprint cycle. Four scenarios are evaluated: (1) Balanced Line; (2) Unbalanced Line; (3) Unbalanced Line Modification 1 - Stable, Robust and Fast; and (4) Unbalanced Line Modification 2 - Focusing and Elevation. Measurement of completed work (Kanban cards in the ''Done'' column) and final inventory for the Sprint cycle reveals that Simulation 4 is the optimal scenario, achieving the highest average ''output'' (''Done'' cards) with reduced inventory (''Doing'' cards). The integration of DBR with Scrum-Kanban maximizes the completed work (Throughput) and minimizes the final inventory of the Sprint cycle, which is corroborated by the principle of Little's Law.

There is evidence that vaccine acceptability is strongly associated with mental health. However, no studies assessing intention to vaccinate (ITV) intention toward children of military parents have been documented. The current research aimed to establish the prevalence and factors of ITV children against COVID-19 in military parents in Lambayeque-Peru, 2021. Analysis was conducted with the dependent variable ITV children reported by military parents. The independent variables were history of mental health, searching for mental health support, food insecurity, resilience, anxiety, depression, burnout, posttraumatic stress, and suicidal risk. Prevalence ratios and 95% confidence intervals were estimated. Of 201 military personnel evaluated, 92.5% were male, 82.5% were of the Catholic faith, and the median age was 40.9% of respondents reported seeking mental health help during the COVID-19 pandemic. It was reported anxiety (20.3%), depression (6.5%), and posttraumatic stress disorder (6.5%). Most reported ITV in children against COVID-19 (93%). In the multiple models, we found that Catholics had a 23% higher prevalence of ITV in the children where PR = prevalence ratios and CI = confidence intervals (PR = 1.23; 95% CI: 1.01–1.50). Likewise, seeking mental health support increased the prevalence of ITV by 8% (PR = 1.08; 95% CI: 1.00–1.15). Seeking mental health support and belonging to the Catholic faith had a higher ITV of children of Peruvian military personnel. Finding mental health support, experiencing burnout syndrome, having a relative who suffers from mental health problems, and being part of the Catholic religion were associated with a higher willingness to immunize the children of Peruvian military members.

IntroductionLatin America was the region most affected by COVID-19 in the second quarter of 2020, and consequently, the impact on mental health requires evaluation. The aim of this study was to assess the risk of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) caused by bereavement due to COVID-19 in 12 countries in Latin America.MethodsThe current study was an analytical cross-sectional study. Validated tests were applied for PTSD, depression, anxiety, and stress (DASS-21), questions about the respondent’s condition or their environment, and demographic questions, as well as the length of the mourning period of suffering.ResultsThe outcomes demonstrated that the PTSD risk increased for women (p

IntroductionCoronavirus SARS-CoV-2 had an impact on health and education, among other subjects. It caused changes in teaching medicine. The objective of the study was to determine student satisfaction in the subjects of the clinical area in a medical school during the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.MethodsThe current study has an observational, descriptive, and cross-sectional design. The sample consisted of 119 students. Inclusion criteria included being a student enrolled in the 2021–2022 semester, between the VI and XII semesters in a medical school.ResultsIt was found that the median age was 21 years; 68 (57.1%) were men. Overall student satisfaction was 67.1%. High student satisfaction was found in the dimension development of professional skills (84.9%), achievement of student expectations (69.7%), and virtual assistance (67.2%) at a medium level of student satisfaction. Flexibility in learning (64.7%), the use of infrastructure and facilities (61.7%), and the use of educational resources (61.3%) were reported.DiscussionThe students were generally satisfied with the dynamic communication of the teachers, especially concerning promoting student participation (79%).

There is a gap in the view of teachers about green entrepreneurship intention in high school students. The objective of the current article is to evaluate the factors that explain from private high schools in Peru the intention of green entrepreneurship from the view of teachers. It was carried out with a sample size of 163 teachers from fifth high schools. The research model was evaluated by partial least square structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) which is a technique for multivariate analysis. Extracurricular support and country support showed an effect on entrepreneurial self-efficacy. Also, entrepreneurial self-efficacy had an effect on green entrepreneurship intention. Finally, self-efficacy was a mediator between extracurricular support, country support, and green entrepreneurial intention. These outcomes can be used by the Ministry of Education and high school planners to use the variables that show more effect and include strategies to increase the green entrepreneurial intention among school students as the creation of annual programs of practical training and entrepreneurship accelerators to develop skills among the students. Also, it can be relevant that the professors can receive specific training in green entrepreneurship because they can guide their students during the daily classes and extracurricular activities as well.

Objective: The current study’s objective is to characterize a new throm-bin-like enzyme called TLBro that was obtained from Bothrops roedingeris snake from a biochemical and hemostatic perspective.Methodology: One chromatographic step was used to purify it, producing the serine protease TLBro. Molecular mass was estimated by SDS-PAGE to be between reduced and unreduced by 35 kDa. Tryptic peptide sequencing using Swiss Prot provided the complete amino acid sequence. Expasy.org by conducting a search that is limited to Crotalinae snake serine proteases and displaying a high degree of amino acid sequence.Results: Ser (182) is inhibited by phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (PMSF), and TLBro demonstrated the presence of Asp (88) residues. It also deduced the positions of His (43) and Ser (182) in the set of three coordinated amino acids in serine proteases. It was discovered that this substrate had high specificity for BANA, Michaelis-Menten behavior with KM 0 point85 mM and Vmax 1 point89 nmoles -NA/L/min, and high stability between temperatures (15 to 70°C) and pHs (2 point0 to 10 point0). According to doses and incubation times, TLBro degraded fibrin preferentially on the B-chain; additionally, its activities were significantly diminished after preincubation with divalent ions (Zn2 and Cd2). When incubated with PMSF, a particular serine protease inhibitor, enzymatic activities and platelet aggregation were inhibited.Conclusion: The findings revealed distinct structural and functional differences between the serine proteases, adding to the information and assisting in the improvement of the structure-function relationship.

Innovation in a country should have an impact on different indicators of a country. Thus, it can be expected to have an impact on the fulfillment of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) and, finally, on the country's competitiveness. This study analyzes the effect that innovation, in its human and financial resources components, has on the fulfillment of the SDGs and, likewise, how this fulfillment has an effect on the competitiveness of the countries of the European Union. The information used for innovation was reported on the European Commission's website; in the case of the SDGs, information from the SDG Index 2022 report was used. Finally, information on competitiveness was obtained from the World Competitiveness Ranking. The information from the 25 countries that had results in the sources was analyzed. The data collected were analyzed using the partial least squares structural equation modeling technique. It was evidenced that innovation based on human resources and finance have a positive and significant effect on SDG compliance; furthermore, it is shown that SDG compliance has a positive and significant effect on the competitiveness of European Union countries. These results show the great importance of monitoring global indicators to generate better positioning and alternatives for development and welfare for countries.

IntroductionThe publication of articles on the circular economy has different associated factors to explain the citations registered in the Web of Science.MethodArticles from the publishers Elsevier, MDPI, Taylor & Francis, Wiley, and Springer Nature were evaluated.ResultsIt was expected that the older the article was, the more citations it had received, but this was not always the case. It was also recognized that there was a lower number of citations if the articles were too large or if they had too many references.DiscussionThis analysis helps to establish the factors that must be addressed in order to publish in journals that have a high citation rate. Conclusion: Based on speci?c articles and with speci?c references, it will be possible to increase the probability of citations.

Sustainability may be at risk in a population that has altered health, according to Sustainable Development Goal 3 (SDG 3): Health and well-being. The ongoing conflict between Russia and Ukraine could jeopardize SDG 3, specifically the mental health of the population. The present study sought to determine the association between severe anxiety, depression and stress in population of 13 Latin American countries according to fear about the war conflict. It was a cross-sectional, analytical and multicenter study. Anxiety, depression and stress were measured with the DASS-21 test (Cronbach’s Alpha: 0.97) and fear due to an armed crisis with a questionnaire already validated in Latin America (Cronbach’s Alpha: 0.92), which was also adjusted for sex, age, education level and country of residence. Descriptive and analytical statistics were obtained. Of the 2,626 respondents, the main fear was that weapons of mass destruction would be used. In the multivariate models, strong associations were found between fear of a possible world-scale armed conflict and having severe or very severe levels of anxiety (aPR: 1.97; 95% CI: 1.64–2.36; value of p

IntroductionThe present study aims to identify the characteristics of public policy relating to the Social Appropriation of Knowledge (SAK) in Colombia, generated between 2020 and 2021, on the communication and dissemination of science. Furthermore, the study aims to determine what incentives are offered by these policies to promote the communication and dissemination of science, and what importance is given to the use of digital scenarios.MethodThis is done through a comparative analysis of Colombia’s guidelines of public science policies using a bibliographical review.Results and discussionWith this analysis, it is concluded that the policies resulting from 22 years of reflection in Colombia aim to strengthen the SAK in the communication of science, understood in specific relation to dissemination, which is understood as activities that make scientific knowledge accessible to a much wider audience.ConclusionThe digital scenarios are proposed as communicative spaces to spread knowledge to communities and strengthen the science-society relationship.

ABSTRACT: The current study aims to validate and apply an instrument to assess the relationship between institutional support, technological literacy, and self-efficacy on the intention to participate in the Facebook Metaverse using social cognitive theory. We performed a cross-sectional, analytical study of 410 citizens in Peru to assess the influence of institutional support, technological literacy, and self-efficacy on the intention to participate in the Facebook Metaverse during the COVID-19 pandemic. The research model was validated using partial least square structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) to establish the influence of variables on the model. Institutional support and technological literacy were found to influence the self-efficacy of participating in the metaverse positively by correlations of 0.573 and 0.257, respectively. Self-efficacy of participating positively influenced the intention to participate in the Facebook Metaverse by 0.808. The model explained 65.4% of the intention to participate in the Facebook Metaverse. Bootstrapping demonstrated that the path coefficients of the research model were statistically significant. The research outcomes may help firms to develop planning and investment in the metaverse, as well as understanding the factors that influence a higher intention to participate in the Facebook Metaverse.

ABSTRACT: The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) were proposed in 2015 to promote worldwide improvements in human wellbeing. Governments have different levels of commitment to the SDGs, reflected in the SDG index, which shows the compliance of each country, detailing each score by SDG. The Global Entrepreneurship Monitor reports show the advances of global entrepreneurship in various countries, while the Global Competitiveness Report shows their competitiveness. This analysis was based on environmental, social, and economic outcomes of SDGs from the SDG index 2018. We also evaluated data from the Global Competitiveness Report 2018 and the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor report 2018. A partial least-squares structural-equation-modeling technical analysis was used. It was found that social SDGs (0.796) and environmental SDGs (0.196) had a positive influence on economic SDGs; also, economic SDGs had a positive influence on the continuation of entrepreneurship (0.590) and competitiveness (0.918). The model explained 34.8% of the continuation of entrepreneurship and 84.3% of that of competitiveness. The outcomes of the bootstrapping test were used to evaluate whether the path coefficients were significant. This information can help governments and organizations to recognize the impact of support and promote compliance with SDGs and the continuation of entrepreneurship and competitiveness. Moreover, this information provides the means to analyze the influence of open innovation in accomplishing the SDGs faster. The study’s novelty is the use of the PLS-SEM technique to analyze these worldwide indicators.

The COVID-19 pandemic has affected and afflicted human lives and been a transformative catalyst leading to closure of many companies, disrupting mental health, and reducing access to food and exacerbating food insecurity. This presents an opportunity to reflect on and examine genetically modified (GM) foods and their effective legislative regulation for the benefit of consumers. This review presents a detailed analysis of GM foods’ regulation in Peru and the analysis of certain specific cases that show the need for greater regulation of the industry.

The circular economy can contribute to the eco-efficient use of resources. Firms can obtain relevant benefits if they implement a circular economy. In Peru, the circular economy would create benefits, but it is not fully clear what factors explain the acceptance of firms of implementing a circular economy. Following the theory of planned behavior, the current research assesses the influence of attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioral norms, intentions, and pressures on behaviors towards the circular economy. A total of 71 medium-size firms based in Peru participated in an online survey. Six questions were focused on general information, and forty-seven questions evaluated the circular economy behavior of firms. A partial least square structural equation modeling technical analysis was used. It was found that attitudes (0.144), subjective norms (0.133), and perceived behavioral control (0.578) had a positive influence on intentions; also, perceived behavioral control (0.461) had a positive influence on behaviors towards the circular economy. Finally, pressures had a positive influence (0.162) on behaviors towards the circular economy. The model explained 64.3% of the behaviors towards the circular economy. The outcomes of the bootstrapping test were used to evaluate if the path coefficients are significant. This study showed that attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioral norms, intentions, and pressures explained circular economy behaviors. This information can help firms develop strategies to move forward a circular economy and provide governments information about the current situation of circular economy implementation to generate new norms and strategies for more implementation of circular economy measures in enterprises. The novelty is based on using the PLS-SEM technique.

Introducción: Luego de más de 25 años de la propuesta de Atención Farmacéutica, un gran porcentaje de establecimientos farmacéuticos no logran la implementación, siendo necesario determinar las barreras usuales para formular estrategias que permitan la implementación y desarrollo. Objetivos: Determinar los factores que impiden la implementación de la Atención Farmacéutica en establecimientos farmacéuticos en los distritos de Cusco y Wanchaq, departamento de Cusco Material y métodos: Estudio observacional, descriptivo y transversal, realizado mediante una encuesta dirigida a 95 químicos farmacéuticos colegiados en Cusco (distrito Cusco: 44; distrito Wanchaq: 51) y que laboran en farmacias y boticas y asimismo a 46 propietarios de farmacias y boticas. Se elaboraron dos fichas de recolección de datos (cuestionario y encuesta) que fueron validados por expertos. Los resultados obtenidos se procesaron en el programa estadístico SPSS V.22. Resultados: El 63,2% de los químico farmacéuticos fueron mujeres, la edad promedio fue 32.2 (DE: 6.027). Ninguno de los químicos farmacéuticos realizaron maestría o doctorado en Atención Farmacéutica; solo es 7.4% realizó un diplomado en Atención Farmacéutica. El 88.4% estaba satisfecho con la elección de su profesión; el 93.7% afirma que la formación universitaria no es suficiente para realizar la Atención Farmacéutica. El 81.1% está insatisfecho con el ingreso mensual que percibe. Conclusión: La falta de materiales e infraestructura, insuficiente tiempo, mal salario y la necesidad de aprobación de los propietarios fueron los factores fundamentales que impiden la implementación de la Atención Farmacéutica.

ABSTRACT Aim: This paper examines the barriers in Peruvian community pharmacies for cosmetovigilance practice. Methods: It was obtained information from the pharmacists of 81 community pharmacies in 2 districts in Lima, Peru. For reliability's evaluation, it was used SPSS software V.24. The validity of construct, discriminant validity and, internal consistency by the composite reliability was analyzed with structural equation modelling using partial least square using SmartPLS 3 software. Results: 81 questionnaires self-administered anonymous were completed (response rate = 51.9%). Average of years of working in community pharmacies was more than 6.36 years (SD: 4.63). More than 70% of the participating pharmacists chose the «strongly agree» and «agree» alternative for items about barriers that included: Lack of time, National health system structure in general and My interest to report adverse reaction by cosmetics. About daily activities, more than 70% of the participants chose the «strongly agree» and «agree» alternative for items that included «Rarely I explain to users about adverse reaction with cosmetics use» and «Rarely I have material to inform to users about adverse reaction with cosmetics use». The composite reliability for each latent variable was Resources: 0,766; Interest: 0862; Regulation: 0.815 and Cosmetovigilance Practice: 0.909. Conclusion: The need of the implementation of cosmetovigilance practice is an issue of public health to take responsibility for care customers against cosmetic damage.