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The use of technology has become an essential part of improving lifestyle, work efficiency, and a catalyst for economic growth. The benefit of the Internet of Things (IoT) and connected nodes has been on a steep incline in recent years. This paper aims to research, build, test and implement a low-cost energy monitoring and control system using IoT devices. Electrical appliances (e.g., air conditioning units and overhead lighting) can be controlled and monitored using IoT technology from any place in the world. In order to accomplish this goal, a complete front-end to back-end system that includes a smart device application (iOS platform), a cloud-based database, an Application Programming Interface (API), and a hardware development is proposed. A small programmable specialized computing device (e.g., Raspberry Pi) for preliminary testing. This smart node was chosen due to familiarity, and its capabilities, such as general purpose pins and built-in Wi-Fi chip. The end goal is to observe energy efficiency by monitoring and controlling air conditioning appliances and standard overhead lighting units. These smart IoT devices allow for the usage energy data from each unit to be collected and stored in a Cloud-based database that can be analysed and reported for energy conservation and analysis. Keywords: Internet of Things (IoT), Energy Monitoring, Control System, Security.

As India moves toward the elimination of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) as a public health problem, comprehensive timely case detection has become increasingly important, in order to reduce the period of infectivity and control outbreaks. During the 2000s, localized research studies suggested that a large percentage of VL cases were never reported in government data. However, assessments conducted from 2013 to 2015 indicated that 85% or more of confirmed cases were eventually captured and reported in surveillance data, albeit with significant delays before diagnosis. Based on methods developed during these assessments, the CARE India team evolved new strategies for active case detection (ACD), applicable at large scale while being sufficiently effective in reducing time to diagnosis. Active case searches are triggered by the report of a confirmed VL case, and comprise two major search mechanisms: 1) case identification based on the index case’s knowledge of other known VL cases and searches in nearby houses (snowballing); and 2) sustained contact over time with a range of private providers, both formal and informal. Simultaneously, house-to-house searches were conducted in 142 villages of 47 blocks during this period. We analyzed data from 5030 VL patients reported in Bihar from January 2018 through July 2019. Of these 3033 were detected passively and 1997 via ACD (15 (0.8%) via house-to-house and 1982 (99.2%) by light touch ACD methods). We constructed multinomial logistic regression models comparing time intervals to diagnosis (30-59, 60-89 and ≥90 days with =90 days compared to the referent of

Background: The study is designed to evaluate the different learning styles of the present first professional MBBS students. Students were requested to complete the visual-aural-read/write-kinesthetic (VARK) questionnaire at VARK-LEARN.COM. Results of the questionnaire were collected by email and analyzed using Microsoft Excel. We found that 68.2% had multimodal learning preferences and 31.7% had single learning preference. Aims and Objectives: The objective of this study is to analyze the different learning styles of MBBS 1st year students of United Institute of Medical Sciences, Prayagraj, using the VARK questionnaire. Materials and Methods: This study includes the informed consent taken from each student before participating. The Institutional Ethics Committee approved the study. Copyright permission was taken from the website vark-learn.com, from VARK Learn Limited, New Zealand. One hundred and two students had consented, and out of them, 85 students participated in the study. The students were asked to complete the questionnaire on the website. The data on their learning styles were collected and analyzed using Microsoft Excel. Results: Out of 85 Students, 58 (68.2%) had multimodal learning preferences. Of these, 28.2% of students had four-part VARK or quadrimodal preferences, 28.2% of students had bimodal, and 11.7% had trimodal learning preferences. Twenty-seven (31.7%) had single learning preferences, and, out of these 27 students, 17 (20%) had kinesthetic, 6 (7.05%) had visual learning preferences, and 4 (4.7%) students had aural learning preferences. Conclusion: With the help of this study, we concluded that most of the students who participated in our study are multimodal learners, and out of the students who had a single learning preference, most had kinesthetic learning preferences.

An experiment was conducted to know the effect of plant growth regulators, Thidiazuron; 0.01 µL L−1, Paclobutrazol; 30 µL L−1, Ascorbic acid; 100 µL L−1, on wheat genotypes under osmotic stress imposed with PEG 6000 and water-deficit stress in pots. Under osmotic stress with PEG6000, the total chlorophyll content and ethylene evolution were estimated from wheat seedling, and in pot experiment, detailed physiological studies were performed at different growth stages (pre-anthesis, anthesis and post anthesis) of wheat under water deficit stress and irrigated condition. Study revealed that the level of ethylene increased while the content of chlorophyll decreased under osmotic stress condition. Moreover, the higher level of ethylene and chlorophyll content were observed in C306 followed by in HD2987 as compared to HD2888 and HD2733 under control as well as in osmotic stress conditions. However, application of plant growth regulators (PGRs) led to the down-regulation of ethylene evolution from osmotic stressed wheat seedling while the chlorophyll content was improved across the wheat genotypes. Further, in pot experiment, PGRs application on water deficit stressed plants led to the improvement in ascorbic acid content and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity while the abscisic acid and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) content goes down in comparison to water deficit stress plants without PGRs application. Findings of the study indicated that due to simultaneous application of PGRs plant developed a sense of lower stress level thus lesser ethylene evolution and lipid peroxidation (TBARS content) was observed. Further PGRs application helped in maintenance of chlorophyll and ascorbic acid content with higher APX activity under water deficit condition indicating better tolerance level. The results of this study provide a synergetic effect of PGRs for abiotic stress tolerance.

Performance of 10 sorghum cultivars (CSH13, CSH14, CSH16, CSH25, CSH30, CSV15, CSV20, CSV23, CSV27 and SPV462) for nutrient composition and nutrient uptake was determined under two dates of sowing (16 February and 3 March) at ICAR Research Complex for Eastern Region Patna, during summer season of 2015 and 2016. Study revealed that difference in sowing dates did not influence the nutrient contents (N, P, K, S, Zn, Fe and Cu) of grain of sorghum. But in case of stover, K, Zn and Cu content did change in two dates of sowing, while the content of other nutrients does not change in stover also. The 16th February sown crop had significantly higher K, Zn and Cu content in stover compared to 3rd March sown. Total uptakes of N, P and Zn were higher with 3rd March sown crop compared 16th February crop. The uptake of N, P and Fe in grain was significantly higher with 3rd March sown crop as compared to 16th February sown crop. However, N, P, K and Zn uptake in stover was markedly higher with 3rd March sown crop. Further, 3rd March sown crop had significantly higher total N, P and Zn uptake than 16th March sown crop. Sorghum cultivars varied significantly in nutrient contents and uptake (N, P, K, S, Zn, Fe and Cu) in grain and stover except K content in grain. Total uptake of N was higher with CSH13, while total uptake of P was maximum with CSV27 and K with CSV23. With respect to the micronutrient, total uptake of Zn and Fe was higher with CSH13, while total uptake of Cu was maximum with CSV20. Hence, use of nutrient efficient cultivars like CSH13, CSH16, CSV27 and SPV 462 with optimum sowing time is necessary to improve nutrient-use efficiency of summer sorghum. Further, cultivar ‘SPV 462’ showed the higher photosynthetic rate (PN), stomatal conductance (gs) and intrinsic transpiration ratio as compared to other genotypes irrespective of the sowing dates.The micro-nutrient deficiency in human food and animal feed and fodder in rural areas could be addressed by selecting appropriate sorghum cultivars rich in micro-nutrient (Fe, Zn and Cu) contents in grain and stover.

Secure communication environment creation and an accurate data delivery to the end participants from the generation point are the major constraints in IoT based real time transportation and monitoring systems. The design of networking layer based on various routing and transmission protocols suffer from the attack problem. The generation of insider attacker not only damages the network structure, it also modifies the routing path and hacking the packet information. The integration of IoT with the WSN alleviates the issues due to the insider attackers. This paper proposes the novel shape model based on Localized Geometric Voronoi Hexagon (LGVH) algorithm and the secure communication using key management procedures. The consecutive process of key establishment, update and revocation provide the necessary resistance to the insider attackers. The LGVH algorithm provides the necessary location information regarding the Sensor Nodes (SN) predicts the coverage area for the dynamic environment. This paper expands the customizable WSN simulator tool based on NS2 simulator provides the detailed coverage area. The comparative analysis between the proposed model with the existing methods regarding the various parameters confirm the effectiveness and contributions to the real-time IoT applications.

The aim of this study wa s to rule out the hypertensive individuals and to observe the effect of 30 minutes brisk walk for one month on ECG parameters. The ECG is often used as an inexpensive, early and fast screening tool to measure target organ damage in hypertensive individuals. Benefits of brisk walking also extend to people at risk for high blood pressure. An increase in aerobic physical activity sho uld be considered an imp ortant component of lifestyle modification for prevention and management of high blood pressure. All these cases of Hypertension were registered from Kayachikitsa O.P.D., IMS, BHU, for the duration of Jan 2009 to Jan 2011 and some healthy individuals were enrolled from th e Kashi Mumukshu, Bhavan, Assi and Varanasi, India . The selection was random irrespective of sex, occupation and socioeconomic deliberation. All the patients and healthy subjects belonged to age group of 35 to 65 years. One follow up has be en carried out during the research work i.e. initially and after one month . Duration of exercise has been prescribed 30 minutes walking. These subjects were demonstrated the scientifically designed exe rcise protocol and asked to continue these exercises fo r one month. ECG findings illustrated the decreased heart rate (p < 0.001 ), RR interval (p < 0.001 ), QRS interval (p < 0.001), PQ interval (p < 0.001) and ST segment (p < 0.001) in hypertensive exercise groups but this decrease was within normal range. W al king is safe, easy and useful physical activity for cardiac patients with reference to ECG parameters. All the ECG parameters show decreased value within the normal range.

A radicular cyst arises from epithelial remnants stimulated to proliferate by an inflammatory process originating from pulpal necrosis of a non-vital tooth. Radiographically, the classical description of the lesion is a round or oval, well-circumscribed radiolucent image involving the apex of the tooth. A radicular cyst is usually sterile unless it is secondarily infected. This paper presents a case report of conservative non-surgical management of a radicular cyst associated with permanent maxillary right central incisor, right lateral incisor and right canine in a 24-year-old female patient. Root canal treatment was done together with cystic aspiration of the lesion. The lesion was periodically followed up and significant bone formation was seen at the periapical region of affected teeth and at the palate at about 9 months. Thus, nonsurgical healing of a large radicular cyst with palatal swelling provided favorable clinical and radiographic response.

Background Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is highly prevalent in the Indian state of Bihar and, without proper diagnosis and treatment, is associated with high fatality. However, lack of efficient reporting mechanism had been an impediment in estimating the burden of mortality and its antecedents among symptomatic VL cases. The objectives of the current study were to generate a reliable estimate of symptomatic VL caseload and mortality in Bihar, as well as to identify the epidemiologic and health infrastructure-related predictors of VL mortality. Methodology and Principal Findings Using an elaborate index case tracing method, we attempted to locate all symptomatic VL patients in eight districts of Bihar. Interviews and medical-record-reviews were conducted with cases (or next-of-kin for the dead) meeting the eligibility criteria. The information collected during the interviews included socio-demographic characteristics, onset of disease symptoms, place of diagnosis, pre- and post-diagnosis treatment history, type and duration of drugs received. In total, we analyzed data on 4925 VL patients—59% were male and 68% were less than 30 years old. There were 158 (3.2%) deaths and the incidence rate of mortality was 3.2/100 person-years. In the adjusted Cox-proportional-hazards analysis, treatment at public facility [Adjusted Hazard Ratio (AHR) = 0.61; 95% CI = 0.43–0.86], shorter (≤30 days) diagnostic delay [AHR = 0.62, 95% CI = 0.43–0.92], and treatment completion [AHR = 0.03, 95% CI = 0.02–0.05] emerged as significant negative predictors of mortality. Conclusion Mortality reduction efforts in Bihar should focus on improving access to early diagnosis, quality treatment and treatment-adherence measures, with special emphasis on marginalized communities., Author Summary More than 70% cases of visceral leishmaniasis (VL), a parasitic disease transmitted by sand flies, in India are reported from Bihar, a resource-poor state. In absence of early diagnosis and treatment, the fatality is very high among symptomatic VL cases. However, community-based data on VL mortality is limited in Bihar. Also, little information on the factors associated with mortality among symptomatic VL patients is available from this Indian state. Evidences regarding mortality parameters can prove immensely helpful in designing specific interventions targeted at reduction of such mortality. In the current study, we created a registry of symptomatic VL cases in eight districts of Bihar to estimate the burden of VL mortality and the socio-demographic factors associated with it. The mortality rate among the symptomatic VL patients was found to be fairly high. Shorter interval between onset of symptoms and diagnosis, and completing course of treatment were associated with increased survival. We recommend improving access to early diagnosis and treatment services, especially among the marginalized communities, as a key measure to reduce mortality among symptomatic VL patients in Bihar.

Rheumatoid Arthritis is a chronic multisystem disease of unknown etiology. One of the most common extraarticular features of rheumatoid arthritis is anemia. Iron plays a potential role in oxidative stress mediated injuries and pathologies eg. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In the present study, we investigated Hb%, Iron & Total iron binding capacity in RA patients. This study has been carried out 200 subjects, of which 100 subjects were control. The study found a significant decreased Hb% and significantly lower levels of serum iron &TIBC in RA patients as compared to control. The result suggested that routine dietary supplementation with multivitamins and a trace element is appropriate in rheumatoid arthritis patients.

A seventeen year old male presented with a 5 month history of left sided purulent rhinorrhoea and left facial pain. Occlusal view X-ray of maxilla showed the presence of an ectopic canine in the leftt anterosuperior aspect of the maxillary sinus entrapped in soft tissue. Surgical removal of the tooth and the diseased antral tissue was undertaken via a Caldwell-Luc procedure with resolution of symptoms.

Introduction The purpose of this study was to analyze the relation of tooth length and distal wall thickness of mesial roots in mandibular molars at different locations (ie, 2 mm below the furcation and at the junction between the middle and apical third). Methods Forty-five mandibular first molars were taken, and the length of each tooth was measured. Then, specimens were divided into three groups according to their length: group I–long (24.2 mm ± 1.8), group II–medium (21 mm ± 1.5) and group III–short (16.8 mm ± 1.8). mesial root of each marked at two levels - at 2 mm below the furcation as well as at junction of apical and middle third of roots. The minimum thickness of the distal root dentine associated with the buccal and lingual canals of the mesial roots was measured, The distance between the buccal and lingual canals and the depth of concavity in the distal surface of the mesial roots were also measured. Results Statistical analysis was performed by using analysis of variance and the Student-Newman-Keuls test. The minimum thickness of the distal wall of the mesiobuccal canal was significantly different ( P Conclusions Distal wall thickness of the mesiobuccal root and distal concavity of the mesial root of mandibular first molars were found to be thinner in longer teeth compared with shorter teeth.

International audience; To ensure a high fidelity during translation, threonyl-tRNA synthetases (ThrRSs) harbor an editing domain that removes noncognate L-serine attached to tRNAThr. Most archaeal ThrRSs possess a unique editing domain structurally similar to D-aminoacyl-tRNA deacylases (DTDs) found in eubacteria and eukaryotes that specifically removes D-amino acids attached to tRNA. Here, we provide mechanistic insights into the removal of noncognate L-serine from tRNAThr by a DTD-like editing module from Pyrococcus abyssi ThrRS (Pab-NTD). High-resolution crystal structures of Pab-NTD with pre- and post-transfer substrate analogs and with L-serine show mutually nonoverlapping binding sites for the seryl moiety. Although the pre-transfer editing is excluded, the analysis reveals the importance of main chain atoms in proper positioning of the post-transfer substrate for its hydrolysis. A single residue has been shown to play a pivotal role in the inversion of enantioselectivity both in Pab-NTD and DTD. The study identifies an enantioselectivity checkpoint that filters opposite chiral molecules and thus provides a fascinating example of how nature has subtly engineered this domain for the selection of chiral molecules during translation.

We report the crystal structure of an archaea-specific editing domain of threonyl-tRNA synthetase that reveals a marked structural similarity to D-amino acid deacylases found in eubacteria and eukaryotes. The domain can bind D-amino acids despite a low sequence identity to other D-amino acid deacylases. These results together indicate the presence of these deacylases in all three kingdoms of life. This underlines an important role they may have played in enforcing homochirality during translation.