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Brain-derived neurotrophic factor is a key factor in stress adaptation and avoidance of a social stress behavioral response. Recent studies have shown that brain-derived neurotrophic factor expression in stressed mice is brain region–specific, particularly involving the corticolimbic system, including the ventral tegmental area, nucleus accumbens, prefrontal cortex, amygdala, and hippocampus. Determining how brain-derived neurotrophic factor participates in stress processing in different brain regions will deepen our understanding of social stress psychopathology. In this review, we discuss the expression and regulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in stress-sensitive brain regions closely related to the pathophysiology of depression. We focused on associated molecular pathways and neural circuits, with special attention to the brain-derived neurotrophic factor–tropomyosin receptor kinase B signaling pathway and the ventral tegmental area–nucleus accumbens dopamine circuit. We determined that stress-induced alterations in brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels are likely related to the nature, severity, and duration of stress, especially in the above-mentioned brain regions of the corticolimbic system. Therefore, BDNF might be a biological indicator regulating stress-related processes in various brain regions.

Three series of methine dyes were synthesised by the condensation of indol-2-ones with aryl acroleins. The structures of these dyes were confirmed by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, infrared spectrometry and elemental analysis. The ultraviolet-visible absorption spectra of the dyes were examined in different solvents. The maximum absorption wavelength ranged from 386 to 495 nm. The dyes were applied to polyester fibres, and the colour gamut and dyeing properties were investigated. Results showed that the dye uptake (percentage exhaustion) was 86.9-92.0%, with the hue changing from yellow to red. The rubbing fastness, wash fastness, and sublimation fastness were between 4 and 5. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]