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Background 48% of multiple myeloma patients will develop kidney damage, and its progression, survival, hematological characteristics, and cytokine characteristics have not yet been fully characterized. We aimed to describe subgroups of multiple myeloma with acute renal insufficiency and analyze associated predictors. Methods The patients with acute renal insufficiency were divided into one group, and the remaining were divided into another group. Risk factors were analyzed by comparing the baseline, progression-free survival, and survival outcomes between the two groups. 12 cytokines were detected by flow cytometry, and the relationship between cytokines and renal function was explored. Results 306 patients with multiple myeloma in Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University from 2011 to 2021 were enrolled, including 91 patients with acute renal insufficiency. The baseline of the two groups were well matched. ISS stage and immune typing are important predictors. With the advance of the disease course, the prediction ability of the initial disease stage to the prognosis decreased, but the prediction ability of WBC and β2-MG increased. IL-6 (P=0.001) and κ-light chain (P=0.006) were significantly elevated in patients with acute renal insufficiency, and were closely related to the severity of renal function deterioration (PConclusionsAcute renal insufficiency seriously affects the prognosis of myeloma patients, among which light chain is an important initiating factor. In addition to ISS staging and immunophenotyping, we propose for the first time the predictive value of leukocytes and IL-6 on disease course. And our study provides important evidence for the development of early blood purification therapy.

With the accelerated pace of national modernization, the issue of sewage discharge in urban and rural industrial parks has attracted more and more attention. Disorderly discharge of industrial sewage by some enterprises has seriously damaged the urban and rural environment. This paper realizes the real-time monitoring of the water quality of the water outlet. In order to realize this system, firstly design a three-dimensional model of a hydroelectric power plant and simulate the water pressure of the turbine, use the GPRS module and STM32 main control chip to control the electric ball valve, and control the electric ball valve through the single-chip microcomputer to block the sewage in time. The high-level wind power generation in the plant is used to generate electricity for the cloud platform server, the GPRS module is used to upload data to the cloud platform, and the BDS positioning module is used to achieve real-time and accurate water quality monitoring in urban and rural industrial parks.

Low carbon development has become the theme of today’s social development, which foundation was renewable energy.For example: photovoltaic power generation, wind power generation, hydropower generation and so on.One of the representatives of new energy is photovoltaic power generation. After a long period of development, photovoltaic power generation technology has become more and more mature. For improved solar cell stability, photoelectric conversion efficiency, low cost and data security of energy information. 3D printing system and method of organic polymer solar cell device based on blockchain was rough design. 3D printing technology could be used to replace traditional manufacturing technology to complete the printing and manufacturing of solar cell devices. In order to meet the requirements. First, Modeling solar cell structure according to customer requirements, and then process simulation and performance analysis, 3D printing manufacturing after reaching the standards.For data security combining blockchain technology with 3D printing technology, the data security problem of 3D printing could be solved. Blockchain technology has been use to data structure to verify and store data. Blockchain could be considered as a distributed ledger which was decentralized, non-tamperable, traceable, and maintained by multiple parties. By applying the features of blockchain technology such as data encryption, time stamping, and distributed consensus to 3D printing technology, combined with the cloud platform, the cost and stability of 3D printed solar cell devices would be further improved.

The prioritized random access mechanism has been researched in this paper. The current situation of large-scale node multiple access in the Internet of Things leaded to channel congestion and increased blocking rate. In M2M communication, there were a large number of nodes trying to RA. In this case, serious physical random access channel overload would occur, making it even difficult to access the network. Nodes spent a lot of time accessing the network, and even given resource management schemes could not guarantee acceptable end-to-end latency meet QoS guarantees. So, the traditional method has greater limitations in supporting different QoS in M2M communication, It would also have an unimaginable impact on the web, Therefore, it was necessary to propose a scheme to reduce the access delay while ensuring the success rate, The current priority-differentiated random access mechanism needed to consider how to match with the new features of M2M services. The reasonable random access scheme and efficiently manage the resource and allocated the channel were designed in the system where the traditional H2H service and the new M2M service coexist. The weights of different services were obtained by modeling and simulation. Therefore, by setting different threshold detecting preamble index matching service type and calling different back-off indexes to reduce the access collision, so as to optimize the random access mechanism. This study could make the node indicate its priority in the access process, and reduced the conflict and access delay. Under 5G communication technology, this solution would be widely used.

Water is precious resources for industrial and agricultural production. It is necessary to accurately measure the water flow. And, the accuracy of flow measurement is very critical to avoid safety accidents in some industrial productions. The sound alarm for flow measurement and control water flow was designed. Many sensors and buzzers were used in the design system. Through the water flow control modeling and simulation, the adaptive control threshold could be set according to different parameters of the system, make the system not only carries out fuzzy automatic control, and also uses cloud platform remote control. When a parameter was abnormal, it could send out an audible alarm, and the user could monitor remotely through the mobile terminal. The design could be applied not only to large-scale industrial production, agricultural irrigation, but also to small household control fields.

Autologous fat grafting is a rapidly developing soft tissue filling technique that has been playing an increasingly important role in facial contouring and rejuvenation surgeries. However, this technique is accompanied by many side effects and risks. In particular, there is still much room for improvement in regard to the surgical method of temporal augmentation with autologous fat, which is highly popular among Chinese people. Better surgical methods can achieve better outcomes while curbing surgical risks. We reviewed 39 patients who consecutively underwent subcutaneous temporal autologous micro-fat argumentation surgery at Peking University People's Hospital from February 19, 2016, to May 13, 2019, to correct temporal hollowness. Each patient’s Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) satisfaction score and Hollowness Severity Rating Scale (HSRS) score before and after surgery were precisely recorded, and any complaints about perioperative complications were meticulously collected to assess the efficacy and safety profile of the novel technique. All 39 patients included in this study were female. We performed 86 subcutaneous temporal autologous micro-fat argumentation surgeries, with an average follow-up of 20.4 ± 9.6 months. The average fat filling volume in the right temporal region was 6.29 ± 2.55 mL, and that in the left temporal region was 6.34 ± 2.71 mL. The average VAS satisfaction score increased from 4.44 ± 1.33 before the surgery to 8.08 ± 0.77 after the surgery, and the average HSRS score dropped from 1.82 ± 0.72 before the surgery to 0.36 ± 0.49 after the surgery. Four patients were encountered with minor complications of intraoperative bleeding and congestion, which were all completely ameliorated after conservative therapies. In the present study, we found that the reported surgical method of subcutaneous temporal autologous micro-fat augmentation successfully improved the temporal hollowness of the patients, boasting good surgical results and high patient satisfaction with minimal short- and long-term complications, illustrating that it is an effective, safe and promising novel surgical technique worthy of wider clinical application. This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .

The rapid development of the 3D printing industry has had a positive impact on all walks of life. Compared with the traditional manufacturing industry, 3D printing could not only shorten the design and manufacturing cycle, but also had great advantages in manufacturing accuracy. With the rapid development of cloud computing in recent years, the combination of cloud services and 3D printing had produced a new production model. This paper proposed to use single-screw extrusion 3D printer to prepare nanodiamond films. In order to monitor the printing process, cloud servers were used to monitor 3D printing remotely. This paper designed a remote control and monitoring system based on cloud platform, Alibaba Cloud server was used to integrate information resources, and finally made remote control of 3D printing equipment, remote video monitoring of printing process, and used image processing to preliminarily judge the integrity of printed objects.

The application of biogas digesters in modern life has become more and more extensive. However, the current level of automation in biogas management was too low. and people are afraid of odor and dirty when operating biogas fermentation. In order to solve the shortage of modern energy and improve the safety and efficiency of biogas digesters, a temperature and pressure remote intelligent control management system based on STM32 for biogas digesters was designed. This system took STM32 as the main control chip, through the DS18B20 and PMS pressure measurement module for temperature and pressure measurement, combined with ESP 8266 01sWiFi module and cloud platform for data transmission communication and storage, and then displayed to the user by the QT software interface, the remote intelligent control of the biogas digester in the cloud was realized, so that the efficiency and safety management of the biogas digester were could improved. This management system of the biogas digester would promote the energy industry and sustainable development of human beings and facilitated rural revitalization.

Two-dimensional (2D) nanostructures materials have attracted an exceptional interest in the structural, electronic and optical characteristics due to their ultrathin and flexible nature. Using first-principle simulations, we studied the electronic structures of Nitrogen dioxide adsorbed monolayer and bilayer SnS2 nanosheets. The results demonstrate that Nitrogen dioxide is physisorbed on monolayer and bilayer SnS2 nanosheets acting as acceptors with obvious charge transfer 0.03 e and 0.05 e from the basal to the adsorbate. Moreover, our results show that electric field and biaxial strains can drastically change the adsorption energy, electronic properties and charge transfer of Nitrogen dioxide adsorbed SnS2 systems. Namely, these external conditions are highly preferred and provide a practicable method for adjustable SnS2 based electrical devices and gas sensors. Especially, the giant Stark effect can easily render the NO2-adsorbed SnS2 system from semiconducting to metallic. These distinctive characters endow the SnS2 nanosheets with high sensitivity as a potential candidate for NO2 gas sensor.

Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a devastating and lethal malignant disease and it is well known that there is a complex bidirectional relationship between PC and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In order to more deeply summarize the relationship between them, this article summarizes the epidemiological data on the relationship between PC and T2DM in the past 5 years, and further explains the mechanism of interaction between them. Meanwhile, it also summed up the effects of drug therapy for T2DM on PC and the impact of T2DM on surgical resection of PC. Epidemiological studies clearly indicate that the risk of PC is increased in patients with T2DM. But increasing epidemiological data points out that PC also acts as a cause of T2DM and new-onset T2DM is sign and consequence of PC. Insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, hyperglycemia, and chronic inflammation are the mechanisms of T2DM-Associated PC. Metformin decreases the risk of PC, while insulin therapy increases the risk of PC. Besides, studies have shown that T2DM decreases the survival in patients with PC resection.

In this paper, we explore the effects of defects and S-doping on the electronic and magnetic properties of HfSe2 using first-principles methods based on density functional theory (DFT). The change in its electronic and magnetic properties is explored by removing Hf or Se atoms in the pristine monolayer HfSe2 and introducing S atoms at the Se defect corresponding position. The results show that all the defects can induce the transformation of HfSe2 from semiconductor to metal. Except for the single selenium vacancy (V1Se), all the defects can induce to spin total magnetic moment, and the total magnetic moment decreases as the number of Se defect atoms increases, the largest magnetic moment is 2.985μB which decreases by the third case of two-selenium vacancy (3V2Se). When we perform S-doping on the Se defect in the HfSe2 monolayer, it undergoes a transition from a metal to a non-magnetic semiconductor, and maintain the characteristics of indirect semiconductors. In addition, the band gap of the material can be slightly adjusted by S-doping. The band gap increases with the increasing number of S doped atoms and reaches to the maximum value at six-selenium vacancy V6Se (0.699 eV). Therefore, we obtain the following conclusions: the defects can exhibit various magnetic moment and induce semiconductor transfer into metal, to the contrary, the S-doping HfSe2 monolayer can tune the metal to indirect semiconductor as well as regulate the band gap. The above research results can be of important guiding significance for the application of HfSe2 in semiconductor spintronics and related experiments.

In this paper, we performed the first-principles calculations to investigate the effect of different edge structures on stability, electronic and magnetic properties of zigzag MoSe2 nanoribbons and their corresponding variation by saturating the ribbon edges with H. We have taken twelve patterns of edge structure into consideration due to the chemical nonequivalence of Mo and Se atoms. We found that H-NR-u and H-NR-s have the highest stability by analysing binding energies. Specially, all of the zigzag MoSe2 nanoribbons exhibit obvious metallicity, whether they are hydrogenated or not. What's more, the pristine and hydrogenated zigzag nanoribbons have stable ferrimagnetism with a wide range of total magnetic moment 0.27–3.59 μB. The Mo-terminated nanoribbon has the largest magnetic moment and hydrogenation can significantly reduce the magnetic moment of nanoribbons. We also reveal zigzag MoSe2 nanoribbons with same terminal have very similar stability, electronic and magnetic properties, which have nothing to do with the symmetry of the system. Above all, these unique properties of zigzag MoSe2 nanoribbons have the great potential for electronic, spintronic and magnetoresistive nano-devices in the future.

In order to realize remote monitoring of 3D printer and man-machine separation, thus saving manufacturing cost and personalized manufacturing. The cloud platform was configured by the rented cloud server, and then the communication protocol and firewall were added to enable the cloud platform to remotely access and control the upper computer. The 3D printing process was transmitted to the cloud platform by WiFi, and users can monitor the printing process in real time on the client. In addition, the SSIM algorithm was used to compare the pictures in the printing process with the pictures of real articles, and the cloud platform remote control and monitoring system was designed and implemented to realize man-machine separation.

Background External volume expansion promotes angiogenesis in tissues by inducing a subcritical hypoxia, mechanically stimulating endothelia, and creating mild inflammation. Application of external volume expansion to less-vascularized tissues with endothelial cell dysfunction poses a risk for ineffectiveness or ischemic damage. The authors investigated the effects of external volume expansion on a murine model of type 2 diabetes mellitus and tested whether the adoption of microdeformational interfaces optimizes its angiogenic properties while limiting complications to tissues. Methods Adult diabetic mice received stimulation with external volume expansion on their dorsal skin using a standard cup-shaped silicone interface, a polyurethane foam-shaped interface, or a silicone microarray chamber interface; controls received no treatment. Skin damage was assessed visually on the last day of stimulation and 5 days later. At 5-day follow-up, skin specimens (n = 5 per group) were procured and analyzed by histology to assess angiogenesis, adipose tissue and skin remodeling, and inflammation. Results All treatments significantly increased the density of blood vessels in skin compared to controls; the polyurethane foam-shaped interface showed the most robust effect (+80 percent). No relevant complications were observed using a polyurethane foam-shaped interface or silicone microarray chamber interface, but a cup-shaped silicone interface led to substantial skin damage and caused intense inflammation, fibrosis of the subcutaneous tissue, and dermal remodeling. Conclusion The adoption of external volume expansion with microdeformational interfaces allows the effective and safe preconditioning of tissues with endothelial cell dysfunction and could improve outcomes in diabetic patients at high risk for surgical complications.

Electronic and transport properties of semiconductor materials are very important to electronic and optoelectronic devices. Here, we present theoretical predication on the band structures and transport properties of zigzag C3N nanoribbons (ZC3NNRs) and related Schottky junctions. The results show that pristine ZC3NNRs are ferromagnetic metal, while the H-passivated ZC3NNRs are either nonmagnetic semiconductor or metal depending on their edge configurations. Interestingly, in the partitioned passivation-induced ZC3NNRs Schottky junction, the rectification ratio (∼105) is directly proportional to the channel length of H-passivated ZC3NNRs. For edge aligning-induced ZC3NNRs Schottky junction, the rectification ratio of aligning the CC_edge is about 25 times higher than that of aligning the CN_edge. These results may be useful to design two-dimensional (2D) materials-based Schottky junction electronic devices.

Based on first-principles calculations, we have investigated the structural and electronic properties of AMoSe2NRs with different edge functionalization. We have considered two patterns of edge passivation for AMoSe2NRs: one is simplex edge passivation and the other is hybrid edge passivation. In addition, different functionalization groups are taken into consideration. The results show that all these passivated strategies can be used to stabilize the pristine system, especially the hybrid passivation ones, and the pristine and edge functionalized nanoribbons are nonmagnetic semiconductors with the tunable band gaps varying in a range 0–1.19 eV and along with a gradient of near 0.1 eV. The O-functionalized nanoribbon is a nonmagnetic metal, however, when pristine nanoribbon is passivated by hybrid oxygen and hydrogen atoms, it returns to the nonmagnetic semiconductor. It is exciting to find that the electronegativity of passivated atom plays an important role in engineering the band gap of pristine AMoSe2NRs.

Under the generalized gradient approximation (GGA), we have performed the spin-polarized first-principles calculations to systematically investigate structural, electronic and magnetic properties of the hydrogen passivated armchair MoSe2 nanoribbon (H-11-AMoSe2NR) with the periodic vacancy near the center of the nanoribbon. The results show that the formation of the single Se-vacancy is easier than those of others. For the cases of Se-vacancy, Se2-and MoSe-divacancy, an indirect-direct gap transition takes place along with the tunable band gap but do not induce any magnetic moment. However, for the case of MoSe2-triple vacancy, the system still remains non-magnetic indirect gap semiconductor with a smaller band gap of 0.108 eV. The calculated band gaps are 0.412, 0.447, and 0.091 eV for the Se-vacancy, Se2-, and MoSe-divacancy, respectively, which show great feasibility in the optoelectronics. In addition, Mo-vacancy induces a remarkable spin polarization and magnetic moments concentrated on the atoms around the Mo-vacancy, which suggests such vacancy-defective H-AMoSe2NR can be used in spintronics and nanomagnets.

Based on first-principles calculations, the electronic structures of Mn-doped SnTe via strain are investigated including spin–orbit coupling. Numerous results show that pristine SnTe exhibits narrow-gap semiconductor properties without magnetism, while Mn-doped SnTe system exhibits magnetic ground states dominated by 4d orbit of Mn atom with the doping concentration of 3.125% within the compression strain range (− 6% to 0). Interestingly, at the turning points of $$ \varepsilon = $$ −1% and −2%, a n-p-n-type transition can be observed. In addition, for the cases of $$ \varepsilon = $$ −1% and −2%, resonant states are introduced to the systems, which are beneficial to improving Seebeck coefficient in tailoring the thermoelectric properties. These results would provide a viable source on low-energy spintronic devices and pave the way to design n-type carriers adopted widely in thermoelectric materials.

Electronic and magnetic properties of doped ZrSe2 monolayer are systematically investigated by using the first-priciples calculation within the frame of density functional theory. Our results show that N-, P-monodoped and (N,P)-codoped ZrSe2 monolayers are nonmagnetic metals, while Mn-doped ones display obvious magnetism. The Mn-monodoped ZrSe2 monolayer is a magnetic semiconductor with the smaller direct band gap of 0.378 eV. However, (Mn,N)- and (Mn,P)-codoped systems not only host robust magnetic moments but also exhibit the characteristic of metallicity. In addition, the polarized charges mainly originate from the dopant Mn atoms while neighboring Se and N or P atoms make small contributions. And we also find that the coupling between the dopant Mn atoms and the neighboring Se atoms are antiferromagnetic. Importantly, the calculated formation energies indicate that non-metal atoms are easier to be incorporated ZrSe2 monolayer under the Zr-rich experimental condition, while the Mn-doped systems can be realized easily under the Se-rich experimental condition. These results have a certain significance for the development of spintronic devices based on ZrSe2.

Based on density functional theory, the electronic structures and optical properties of ZrS2 monolayer doped with group V and VII atoms are investigated, where dopants are incorporated by substituting S atom. We find pristine ZrS2 monolayer is semiconductor with indirect band gap of 1.109eV, however for As-doping ZrS2 monolayer, magnetic moment is induced and exhibits half-metallic feature. The formation energy increases with increasing impurity atom size for each doped case and it is relatively easier to incorporate impurity atoms under Zr-rich experimental situation. Numerical results also suggest that N-, P- or As-doping is effective for p-type conductivity, while F, Cl, Br and I impurities are suitable as n-type carriers. From the optical parameters we have obtained, one can conclude the pristine and doped ZrS2 monolayers are transparent and which will be more transparent when the incident light frequency increases. Meanwhile, absorption effect of ultraviolet light enhances with the increase of incident light energy and the absorption edge occurs red shift phenomenon in each doped system. Our finding offers a meaningful routine for designing electronic spin devices, UV photodetector and UV filter.

We aimed at ten configurations of vacancy defects and used the first-principles methods based on density functional theory to research electronic and magnetic properties of ZrS2 monolayer. Results show that the system of two-zirconium vacancy (V2zr) and one Zr atom + one S atom vacancy (V1Zr+1S) can induce to total spin magnetic moment of 0.245μB and 0.196μB, respectively. In addition, three and six S atoms vacancy can induce corresponding system to manifest spin magnetic moment of 0.728μB and 3.311μB, respectively. In S atom vacancy defects, vacancy defects can transform the system from semiconductor to metal, several of the Zr atoms and adjacent S atoms display antiferromagnetism coupling in three apart S atom vacancy defects. Vacancy defects can make the intrisic monolayer ZrS2 transform semiconductor into metal. These results are important for the achievement of spin devices based on ZrS2 semiconductor.

In the present study, we research the electronic and magnetic properties of structural defects in pristine ZrSe2 by using the first-principles methods based on density functional theory. Twelve cases of vacancy defects are considered by removing Zr, Se or Zr+Se atoms in pristine monolayer ZrSe2. In selecting vacancy defects, we consider the order of ascending defect concentration of Zr and Se, and also calculate the different relative positions of Se atoms with the same defect concentration of Se, compare the electronic and magnetic properties with them. The results show that vacancy defects in pristine ZrSe2 monolayer, which all induce to the increase of the total magnetic moment except V1Se. In addition, we find the total magnetic moment increases as the number of defective atoms increases in case of Se atoms vacancy defects, and the largest total magnetic moment appears on the case of V6Se. Moreover, we also found that almost all the vacancy defects in monolayer ZrSe2 show metallic property and ferromagnetism and total energies can be increased with the increasing of the number of vacant atoms in ZrSe2 monolayer. In particular, when the relative position of the defective atom changes, the total magnetic moment changes dramatically. In three cases of Zr atoms vacancy defects the lowest total energy is V1Zr, the most stable case is V1Se in the case of twelve vacancy defects we considered. Its vacancy-defect formation energy is 2.287 eV. These results have a few guiding significance for relevant experiments based on ZrSe2.

Tow-dimensional materials obviously have potential applications in next-generation nanodevices because of their extraordinary physical and chemical properties and the demands of the market. Using first-principle calculation based on density functional theory, we explore electronic and magnetic properties of the different nanoribbons with various edge structures, namely, with hydrogenation or not. In addition, we also calculate the binding energy to analyze the stability of the nanoribbon. Our calculations tell us that the passivated nanoribbons have the positive binding energies, which indicates the passivated nanoribbons are relative stable and hydrogenation can improve the stability of the bare nanoribbons due to the reduction of the dangling bonds. Among of them, full hydrogenation has the highest stability. We find all the nanoribbons with full and without hydrogenation are nonmagnetic semiconductors. It is worth mentioning that hydrogenation can induce the bare nanoribbons to transform gradually from indirect band gap semiconductor to direct band gap semiconductor, even to half-metal. In addition, the magnetic moment of the bare nanoribbon change bit by bit as the rate of hydrogenation increases. When the edge atoms are fully hydrogenated, the magnetic moment return to zero. What's more, our research results still confirm that electronic and magnetic properties of the nanorribons without and with different edge passivation are mainly contributed by the atoms at the edges. These studies about MoSe2 nanoribbons will shed light on the further development of the relevant nanodevices in versatile applications, such as spintronics and energy harvesting.

Electronic and magnetic properties of the N monodoping and (Mn, N)-codoped ZrS2 are investigated using the first-principles calculation. We find that the N monodoping ZrS2 monolayer is nonmagnetic metallic, while the (Mn, N)-codoped ZrS2 monolayer shows magnetic material properties. The first, second and third nearest-neighboring (Mn, N)-codoped ZrS2 monolayer shows half-metallic material, magnetic semiconductor and magnetic metal properties, respectively. Mn atom induces highly localized states within the band gap. The polarized charges mostly come from Mn 3d orbitals, less from the 2p orbitals of N and 3p orbitals of S atoms, and hardly from the 4d orbitals of the neighboring Zr atoms. As well as, we find that hybridization between the Mn 3d and the S 3p or N 2p orbitals leads to the ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic coupling. The present work provides a route to harness the magnetic properties of ZrS2 monolayer for spintronic applications.