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(1) Background: CD163, a specific macrophage receptor, affects the progression of malignant tumors. Unfortunately, the regulation and expression of CD163 are poorly understood. In this study, we determined the expressions of CD163 in TMA samples from CRC patients and combined them with patient data from several Swedish hospitals. (2) Methods: The expressions of CD163 in tissue samples from CRC patients were examined. After combining 472 CRC patients’ gene expression and 438 CRC patients’ clinical data with the TCGA database, 964 cases from the GEO database, and experimental expression data from 1247 Swedish CRC patients, we selected four genes (PCNA, LOX, BCL2, and CD163) and analyzed the tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TICs) and CRC prognosis. (3) Results: Based on histopathological TMA analysis, CD163 was strongly expressed in the stroma of both normal and cancer tissues, and the expressions in normal and cancer cells varied from negative to strong. The results from public databases show decreased expression of CD163 in cancer tissue compared to normal mucosa (|log FC| > 1 and FDR < 0.01), and it is a negative prognostic factor for CRC patients (p-value < 0.05). Through tumor microenvironment (TME) analysis, we found a potential influence of CD163 on immune cell infiltration. Furthermore, the enrichment analysis indicated the possible interaction with other proteins and biological pathways. (4) Conclusions: CD163 is expressed differently in CRC tissue and is a negative prognostic factor. Its expression is associated with the TME and tumor purity of CRC. Considering all results, CD163 has the potential to be a predictive biomarker in the investigation of CRC.

(1) Background: CD163, a specific macrophage receptor, affects the progression of malignant tumors. Unfortunately, the regulation and expression of CD163 are poorly understood. In this study, we determined the expressions of CD163 in TMA samples from CRC patients and combined them with patient data from several Swedish hospitals. (2) Methods: The expressions of CD163 in tissue samples from CRC patients were examined. After combining 472 CRC patients' gene expression and 438 CRC patients' clinical data with the TCGA database, 964 cases from the GEO database, and experimental expression data from 1247 Swedish CRC patients, we selected four genes (PCNA, LOX, BCL2, and CD163) and analyzed the tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TICs) and CRC prognosis. (3) Results: Based on histopathological TMA analysis, CD163 was strongly expressed in the stroma of both normal and cancer tissues, and the expressions in normal and cancer cells varied from negative to strong. The results from public databases show decreased expression of CD163 in cancer tissue compared to normal mucosa (|log FC|gt; 1 and FDRlt; 0.01), and it is a negative prognostic factor for CRC patients (

BACKGROUND: More and more studies have shown that long non-coding RNA (LncRNA) as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) plays an important role in lung cancer. Therefore, we analyzed the RNA expression profiles of 82 lung cancer patients which were all from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). METHODS: Firstly, we used BLASTN (evalue = 1e-10) to annotate the gene sets, performed in-group correction and batched normalization of the three data sets with R. Secondly, we used the limma and sva packages to compare tumor tissues with normal tissues. Then through WGCNA, we obtained the 4 gene modules most related to the trait. RESULTS: We intersected the genes of above 4 modules with the differential expression genes: 28 LncRNAs (up: 5, down: 23) and 265 mRNAs (up:11, down: 254). Based on these genes, we picked up 6 LncRNAs (CCDC39, FAM182A, SRGAP3-AS2, ADAMTS9-AS2, AC020907.2, SFTA1P), then set and visualized the LncRNA-miRNA-mRNA ceRNA network with 12 miRNAs related to 12 mRNAs. Finally, we performed downstream analysis of 265 mRNAs by Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis and Protein-Protein Interaction (PPI) network. CONCLUSION: After analyzing, we think this study provides a new direction for basic and clinical research related to LAD, and is expected to provide new targets for early diagnosis, prognostic evaluation and clinical treatment of lung cancer.

In order to improve the thermal stability of high-temperature superconducting (HTS) strand, a quasi-isotropic superconducting strand (Q-IS) stacked by 2 mm wide REBCO tapes and Cu tapes with geometrical symmetric configuration were developed, in this paper. A three dimensional (3D) numerical model considering the anisotropic thermal conductivity was built to study the thermal stability of the strand, including minimum quench energy (MQE) and quench propagation velocity (QPV). The temperature distribution in the cross section at different positions along the longitudinal direction of the strand during the quench was obtained as well. Then, a strand was prepared to investigate the thermal stability experimentally. Results show that the Q-IS stacked by REBCO tapes and copper tapes has higher MQE than Q-IS without copper tapes. The results can provide a fundamental analysis for further developing device of high-current electric power transmission with high thermal stability.

Due to its excellent performance in critical current, REBCO high-temperature superconductor (HTS) has important applications in superconducting cables, superconducting magnets and superconducting transformers Quasi-isotropic superconducting strand stacked by superconducting tapes and copper tapes was proposed in this paper. The effects of stacking copper tape with different thicknesses on the critical current of superconducting strand were analyzed. At the same time, the bending and twisting characteristics of quasi-isotropic superconducting strand stacked by 2 mm wide REBCO tapes and copper tapes were studied. The conclusions obtained can provide important data for the practical application of superconducting cable/strand.

With the development of REBCO coated conductor (CC), the high temperature superconducting (HTS) strand with high current capacity and quasi-isotropic performance is expected to have a wide application. However, the alternating current (AC) loss is one of the major obstacles. This paper aims to study the AC loss of the quasi-isotropic strand stacked by the second generation (2G) HTS tapes and copper tapes at 77 K. In order to fully understand AC loss characteristics of the stacked-tape conductor, an efficient 3D finite element method (FEM) model based on T–A formulation was adopted in this simulation. The transport AC loss was measured by four-probe method using SR-830 lock-in amplifier at liquid nitrogen (LN2) bath. Moreover, the amplitude and frequency of transport current were also varied in this experiment. The simulation results are consistent with the experiment which is helpful for studying the AC loss of the quasi-isotropic strand.

The role of non-coding RNA, once thought to be dark matter, is increasingly prominent in cancer. Our article explores the effect of non-coding RNA in lung adenocarcinoma and lung squamous cell carcinoma by mining TCGA public database. Download the data by applying the official TCGA software. The data were analyzed by R data analysis packages, ‘edgeR’, ‘gplots’ and ‘survival’. We better illustrate the potential networks of lung cancer genes by constructing ceRNAs, using Cytoscape software. We obtained genes which were differentially expressed in lung adenocarcinoma and lung squamous cell carcinoma analysis. Within these differentially expressed genes, we also conducted a survival analysis to find differentially expressed genes associated with prognosis in both lung adenocarcinoma and lung squamous cell carcinoma. Based on genes differentially expressed of both lung adenocarcinoma and lung squamous cell carcinoma, we constructed a ceRNA network to illustrate the mechanism of lung adenocarcinoma and lung squamous cell carcinoma. Our study analyzed genes which were differentially expressed in lung adenocarcinoma and lung squamous cell carcinoma using the TCGA database. Based on this, the prognosis in both lung squamous cell carcinoma and lung adenocarcinoma was analyzed. We have also constructed a ceRNA network to provide a basis for the study of ceRNA in lung adenocarcinoma and lung squamous cell carcinoma.

Living systems operate far from thermodynamic equilibrium, which usually manifests as broken detailed balance at the molecular scale. At larger scales with collective function of many molecules, the presence of non-equilibrium thermodynamics may not be evident. In bacterial motility, the switching dynamics of the flagellar rotary motor was recently discovered to be operating in non-equilibrium. However, the resulting motility pattern at the mesoscale, the run-and-tumble behavior, was normally considered to be a Poisson process that can be described by a two-state equilibrium model. Here, we studied the details of the run-and-tumble behavior by following the polymorphic transformation of the flagellar filaments, observing broken detailed balance that reveals its non-equilibrium nature. Evaluation of entropy production provided a direct measure of the lack of detailed balance and a quantification of the rate of energy dissipation for bacterial run-and-tumble regulation.

The workpiece contour errors from previous process affect current and subsequent process. In order to improve the uniformity of workpiece allowance distribution, a stepwise workpiece matching adjustment method with contact inspection is developed. This method includes two stepwise registration processes. At first, some pairs of measured points on the theoretical and actual surfaces are selected to build the corresponding local coordinate systems, and then the rough matching matrixes are obtained by the coordinate systems alignment. During the fine matching process, the objective function based on the least square method is established by the measured point sets adjusted through the rough matching. The fine matching matrixes can be obtained by self-adaptive differential evolution algorithm. The posture adjustment can be realized by transforming coordinate systems of 5 axis machine tool, of which adjusted values can be calculated by the matching matrixes and the machine tool topology. At last, some experiments were presented to demonstrate the performance of the method.

A series of complexes [Et4N][Ln(NCS)4(H2O)4] (Ln = Pr, Tb, Dy, Ho, Yb) have been structurally characterized, all showing the same structure, namely a distorted square antiprismatic coordination geometry, and the Ln–O and Ln–N bond lengths following the expected lanthanide contraction. When the counterion is Cs+, a different structural motif is observed and the eight-coordinate complex Cs5[Nd(NCS)8] isolated. The thorium compounds [Me4N]4[Th(NCS)7(NO3)] and [Me4N]4[Th(NCS)6(NO3)2] have been characterized, and high coordination numbers are also observed. Finally, attempts to synthesize a U(III) thiocyanate compound has been unsuccessful; from the reaction mixture, a heterocycle formed by condensation of five MeCN solvent molecules, possibly promoted by U(III), was isolated and structurally characterized. To rationalize the inability to isolate U(III) thiocyanate compounds, thin-layer cyclic voltammetry and IR spectroelectrochemistry have been utilized to explore the cathodic behavior of [Et4N]4[U(NCS)8] and [Et4N][U(NCS)5(bipy)2] along with a related uranyl compound [Et4N]3[UO2(NCS)5]. In all examples, the reduction triggers a rapid dissociation of [NCS]− ions and decomposition. Interestingly, the oxidation chemistry of [Et4N]3[UO2(NCS)5] in the presence of bipy gives the U(IV) compound [Et4N]4[U(NCS)8], an unusual example of a ligand-based oxidation triggering a metal-based reduction. The experimental results have been augmented by a computational investigation, concluding that the U(III)–NCS bond is more ionic than the U(IV)–NCS bond.

Multi-scale micro-structured functional surfaces can enhance the interfacial effect on a component by the microtopological structure, likely through realizing or enhancing its lubrication, drag reduction, noise reducing, sealing, and other specific surface functions. However, the realization of these functions requires high-precision machining quality and the occurrence of any defects on the structured surfaces will possibly influence actual performances of the component. The distribution density, morphology, geometry, configuration feature, and position of those microstructures play a decisive role in affecting the functional performance of the component. It imposes a challenge for rapid and accurate measurement of micro-structured surface particularly at a reasonable large size in industrial-scale production. This article presents an innovative industrial-feasible measurement method for micro-structured surfaces using normalized grayscale matching combined with pyramid search strategy, discriminating-step matching strategy, and sensitive area analysis. The method renders the high matching accuracy and rapid processing capability, which also provides the technical solution for industrial-scale micromanufacturing of large-sized micro-structured surfaces. Well-designed experimental trials are carried out to further evaluate and validate the measurement accuracy and efficiency.

Multi-scale micro-structured functional surfaces can enhance the interfacial effect on a component by the micro-topological structure, likely through realizing or enhancing its lubrication, drag reduction, noise reducing, sealing, and other specific surface functions. However, the realization of these functions requires high-precision machining quality and the occurrence of any defects on the structured surfaces will possibly influence actual performances of the component. The distribution density, morphology, geometry, configuration feature, and position of those microstructures play a decisive role in affecting the functional performance of the component. It imposes a challenge for rapid and accurate measurement of micro-structured surface particularly at a reasonable large size in industrial-scale production. This article presents an innovative industrial-feasible measurement method for micro-structured surfaces using normalized grayscale matching combined with pyramid search strategy, discriminating-step matching strategy, and sensitive area analysis. The method renders the high matching accuracy and rapid processing capability, which also provides the technical solution for industrial-scale micro-manufacturing of large-sized micro-structured surfaces. Well-designed experimental trials are carried out to further evaluate and validate the measurement accuracy and efficiency.

The role of non-coding RNA, once thought to be dark matter, is increasingly prominent in cancer. Our article explores the effect of non-coding RNA in lung adenocarcinoma and lung squamous cell carcinoma by mining TCGA public database.Download the data by applying the official TCGA software. The data were analyzed by R data analysis packages, 'edgeR', 'gplots' and 'survival'. We better illustrate the potential networks of lung cancer genes by constructing ceRNAs, using Cytoscape software.We obtained genes which were differentially expressed in lung adenocarcinoma and lung squamous cell carcinoma analysis. Within these differentially expressed genes, we also conducted a survival analysis to find differentially expressed genes associated with prognosis in both lung adenocarcinoma and lung squamous cell carcinoma. Based on genes differentially expressed of both lung adenocarcinoma and lung squamous cell carcinoma, we constructed a ceRNA network to illustrate the mechanism of lung adenocarcinoma and lung squamous cell carcinoma. Our study analyzed genes which were differentially expressed in lung adenocarcinoma and lung squamous cell carcinoma using the TCGA database.Based on this, the prognosis in both lung squamous cell carcinoma and lung adenocarcinoma was analyzed. We have also constructed a ceRNA network to provide a basis for the study of ceRNA in lung adenocarcinoma and lung squamous cell carcinoma.

We discovered a hidden state in the turnover of the torque-generating units of the bacterial flagellar rotary motor., Most membrane proteins exist in complexes that carry out critical cellular functions and exhibit rich dynamics. The bacterial flagellar motor, a large membrane-spanning ion-driven rotary motor that propels the bacteria to swim, provides a canonical example. Rotation of the motor is driven by multiple torque-generating units (stators). Turnover of the stators has been shown previously, demonstrating the exchange of stator units between the motor and a membrane pool. But the details of the turnover kinetics remain unclear. Here, we directly measured the kinetics of stator turnover in individual motors via analysis of a large dataset of long-term high-resolution recordings of motor speed at high load. We found that the dwell time distribution of the stator units exhibits a multi-exponential shape, suggesting the existence of a hidden state in the turnover of the stators.

The study of the mechanical properties of superconducting strands plays a very important role in its application in engineering. In this paper, a 3D model based on laminate theory is proposed to study the bending properties of REBCO tape and quasi-isotropic superconducting (Q-IS) strand. Laminated beam theory can not only simplify REBCO tape and superconducting strand to qualitatively analyze strain distribution, but also accurately calculate strain distribution through finite element method (FEM) simulation. A FEM simulation model is established to analyze the critical bending radius of Q-IS strand, and samples are made for testing. According to the built model, the critical bending radius of Q-IS strand is simulated when bended along different angles. The study of bending properties has important significance for the application of superconducting strand in the applications of power transmission, nuclear fusion and superconducting magnets.

In order to improve the transmission capacity of the second generation REBCO tape, many structures of superconducting strand/cable stacked with REBCO tapes were proposed. Quasi-isotropic superconducting strands (Q-IS) stacking REBCO & copper tapes alternately and stacking REBCO tapes outside with copper tapes inside are proposed in this paper. The critical current of Q-IS strand is simulated based on H-formulation, and strand samples are fabricated and tested. Critical current densities of Q-IS strand in the two stacking patterns are analyzed, indicating that the second stacking pattern can improve the critical current density of a single REBCO tape more than the first pattern. Another kind of Q-IS strand with REBCO tapes placed on a copper former is also proposed, and this kind of strand can be twisted to improve the engineering current density and reduce the AC loss, which can be used in power transmission, large superconducting magnets, fusion application and so on.

An effective and rapid procedure to synthesize hierarchical MOR (Hi-MOR) nanosheets by self-assembly between subnanocrystals and organic templates was reported. The hierarchical pore systems provided a large quantity of Bronsted acid sites. Compared with conventional mordenite, Hi-MOR showed higher activity, xylene selectivity and longer catalytic life in the reaction of toluene disproportionation, thanks to its excellent diffusion from hierarchical structure. Hierarchical morednite (Hi-MOR) nanosheets were synthesized by self-assembly between subnanocrystals and organic templates.

Sulfur doped three-dimensional porous carbon materials with specific surface area as high as 2277.79 m2 g−1 are prepared by the carbonization of KOH-pretreated egg yolks and employed as electrode materials for supercapacitor application. The material carbonized at 800 °C exhibits maximum specific capacitance of 287.66 F g−1 at a current density of 0.5 A g−1 and still retains a capacitance of 220.37 F g−1 at the high current density of 20 A g−1. This material also shows excellent capacity retention of 97.7% after 2000 cycles at a current density of 2 A g−1. These results indicate that the surface area, pore volume and heteroatom doping could combine together to affect the electrocapacitive performances of the obtained materials as electrodes.

A variety of the modified X zeolites were used to catalyse the oxidative dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene to styrene with CO2 for the first time. The results showed that X zeolites modified by alkali metal cation exchange, such as KX and CsX, exhibited high catalytic activity and selectivity with a good stability. The reaction temperature 818 K over the modified X zeolites is much less than 923 K over the current metallic oxide catalyst. Moreover, the co-catalysis between acid sites and base sites over the modified X zeolite was indispensable in this reaction, and the basicity of the catalyst greatly determined the selectivity of styrene. The participation of CO2 in the co-catalysis process improves the conversion of ethylbenzene and the selectivity of styrene.

Machining accuracy is the most critical indicator to evaluate the machining quality of parts in metal cutting industry. However, it is difficult to be identified before real cutting, because of a variety of error sources presented in a machining process system, such as assembly inaccuracy of machine tool, deformation caused by temperature variation and dynamic cutting force, tool wear, servo lag and so on. Consequently, it is difficult to determine whether a new machining process can satisfy accuracy requirements beforehand. Traditionally, a machining process is validated through the “trial and error” approach, which is time consuming and costly. If machining accuracy can be predicted to a large extent, a rational process can be planned to ensure the precision of parts and even to maximize resource utilization without trial cuts. For this purpose, this work focuses on machining accuracy prediction for five-axis peripheral milling based on the geometric errors. An error synthesis modeling method is proposed to integrate the geometric errors of the process system, including machine tool geometric error, workpiece locating error, cutting tool dimension error and setup error. From a multi-body system point of view, all these errors are synthesized to generate position error of the cutting contact point in the workpiece coordinate system. Then the machining error is obtained by projecting the position error to the workpiece normal vector, which can be measured by a coordinate measuring machine. The prediction model has been evaluated by a cutting test with our in-house-developed prototype software. The result shows that the proposed method is feasible and effective.

In machining process, fixture is used to keep the position and orientation of a workpiece with respect to machine tool frame. However, the workpiece always cannot be at its ideal position because of the setup error and geometric inaccuracy of the locators, clamping force, cutting force, and so on. It is necessary to predict and control the workpiece locating error which will result in machining error of parts. This paper presents a prediction model of a workpiece locating error caused by the setup error and geometric inaccuracy of locaters for the fixtures with one locating surface and two locating pins. Error parameters along 6 degrees of freedom can be calculated by the proposed model and then compensated by either using the “frame transformation” function of a numerical control (NC) system or modifying NC codes in post-processing. In addition, machining error caused by the workpiece locating error can be predicted based on a multi-body system and homogeneous transfer matrix. This is meaningful to fixture design and machining process planning. Finally, a cutting test has shown that the proposed method is practicable and effective.

This paper presents a distributed and integrated manufacturing system for tube bending. It can support a Client/Server based local network and serial communications. It can also integrate tube design, process planning, virtual and physical manufacturing around the core of engineering databases with different formats. This system solves three problems in integrated tube design and bending: 1 automatic process planning, 2 estimation of the feasibility of bending and 3 the impact of springback and extension. The industrial applications of this system show that it can decrease the cost of bending and increase the bending efficiency.

A new mestranol acetate, 17α-ethinyl-17-hydroxy-3-methoxyestra-1,3,5(10)-triene-6-one-17-acetate, was synthesized by an efficient three-step sequence starting from norethindrone. The structure of the new steroid was characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, MS, IR spectrum and X-ray single crystal diffraction. It crystallizes in the triclinic system, space group P1. The molecules are arranged in a head-to-tail fashion without intra- and intermolecular hydrogen bonding. 17α-Ethinyl-17-hydroxy-3-methoxyestra-1,3,5(10)-triene-6-one-17-acetate was synthesized and its X-ray single crystal structure showed that the molecules were arranged in a head-to-tail fashion without intra- and intermolecular hydrogen bonding.

In five-axis machining, geometric error of the machine tool is an important error source reducing machining accuracy. Through geometric error compensation, the machining accuracy can be improved. A software-based error compensation strategy is discussed in this study. All individual geometric error components of five-axis machine tools are identified by a laser interferometer system and a ball bar system. To acquire synthetic error, a generalized error model was established based on muti-body system (MBS) and homogeneous transfer matrix (HTM). Finally, the geometric error was compensated by correcting the NC code. Corresponding error compensation software has been developed and an experiment has shown the feasibility of the proposed compensation method.