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Condition monitoring of wind turbines is critical for increasing the reliability of the turbines and reducing their operation and maintenance costs. Supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) systems have been widely regarded as a promising technique to monitor the health status of turbines due to their abundance and cost-effective operation data. However, SCADA data are fundamentally multivariate time series with inherent spatio-temporal correlations. Therefore, it is still difficult to extract such correlations and then accurately identify the health status. This paper proposes a novel multi-view spatio-temporal feature fusion approach (MVSTCNN) based on convolutional neural networks (CNN) for condition monitoring of wind turbines. Specifically, multiple CNN modules with convolutional kernels of varying sizes are designed to extract correlations among several sensor variables and the temporal dependency concealed in each variable in parallel. A main advantage of the proposed method is its capacity to capture multiscale local information and global information simultaneously in both temporal and spatial dimensions, which improves the performance of condition monitoring. Real SCADA data from a wind farm is utilized to evaluate the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed approach. The SCADA data experiments demonstrate that the proposed approach is effective for early fault detection in wind turbines.

The morphology and function of the cerebellum are associated with various developmental disorders and healthy aging. Changes in cerebellar morphology during the aging process have been extensively investigated, with most studies focusing on changes in cerebellar regional volume. The volumetric method has been used to quantitatively demonstrate the decrease in the cerebellar volume with age, but it has certain limitations in visually presenting the morphological changes of cerebellar atrophy from a three-dimensional perspective. Thus, we comprehensively described cerebellar morphological changes during aging through volume measurements of subregions and shape analysis. This study included 553 healthy participants aged 20–80 years. A novel cerebellar localized segmentation algorithm based on convolutional neural networks was utilized to analyze the volume of subregions, followed by shape analysis for localized atrophy assessment based on the cerebellar thickness. The results indicated that out of the 28 subregions in the absolute volume of the cerebellum, 15 exhibited significant aging trends, and 16 exhibited significant sex differences. Regarding the analysis of relative volume, only 11 out of the 28 subregions of the cerebellum exhibited significant aging trends, and 4 exhibited significant sex differences. The results of the shape analysis revealed region-specific atrophy of the cerebellum with increasing age. Regions displaying more significant atrophy were predominantly located in the vermis, the lateral portions of bilateral cerebellar hemispheres, lobules I-III, and the medial portions of the posterior lobe. This atrophy differed between sexes. Men exhibited slightly more severe atrophy than women in most of the cerebellar regions. Our study provides a comprehensive perspective for observing cerebellar atrophy during the aging process.

Abstract Applying biochar amendment and manure in tea plantation ecosystems can diminish soil acidification and degradation. However, the impact of these practices on soil respiration and associated mechanisms remains unclear. In this study, we combined a two-year field experiment and laboratory analyses based on soil properties, functional genes, and microbial co-occurrence networks to explore the determinants of soil respiration intensity in a subtropical tea plantation with biochar amendment and manure application. The results showed that the effect of biochar amendment on soil respiration was unconspicuous. Although biochar amendment increased bacterial richness and Shannon index, biochar amendment did not alter the abundance of species associated with C-cycling functional genes. Besides directly adding recalcitrant C to the soil, biochar also indirectly enhanced C sequestration by weakly increasing soil carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. However, replacing mineral fertilizer with manure significantly stimulated soil respiration in the tea plantation, resulting in a 36% increase in CO2 emissions over two years. The increase in CO2 emissions under the manure treatment was mainly attributed to the increased soil labile C pool, the activity of hydrolytic enzymes (e.g., cellobiohydrolase and acetylglucosaminidase), and the relative abundance of functional genes associated with the C-cycle. This may also be related to the application of manure that increased the abundance of Gemmatimonadetes and altered ecological clusters in bacterial co-occurrence networks. Our correlation network analysis suggested that Gemmatimonadetes might be the potential hosts for C-cycling genes due to their strong positive correlation with the abundance of C-cycling genes. Overall, these findings provide new insights into soil respiration under biochar amendment and manure application in tea plantations and broaden the options for carbon sequestration in soils. Graphical Abstract

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a prevalent mental illness globally, yet its etiology remains largely elusive. Recent interest in the scientific community has focused on the correlation between the disruption of iron homeostasis and MDD. Prior studies have revealed anomalous levels of iron in both peripheral blood and the brain of MDD patients; however, these findings are not consistent. This study involved 95 MDD patients aged 18–35 and 66 sex- and age-matched healthy controls (HCs) who underwent 3D-T1 and quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) sequence scans to assess grey matter volume (GMV) and brain iron concentration, respectively. Plasma ferritin (pF) levels were measured in a subset of 49 MDD individuals and 41 HCs using the Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), whose blood data were simultaneously collected. We hypothesize that morphological brain changes in MDD patients are related to abnormal regulation of iron levels in the brain and periphery. Multimodal canonical correlation analysis plus joint independent component analysis (MCCA+jICA) algorithm was mainly used to investigate the covariation patterns between the brain iron concentration and GMV. The results of “MCCA+jICA” showed that the QSM values in bilateral globus pallidus and caudate nucleus of MDD patients were lower than HCs. While in the bilateral thalamus and putamen, the QSM values in MDD patients were higher than in HCs. The GMV values of these brain regions showed a significant positive correlation with QSM. The GMV values of bilateral putamen were found to be increased in MDD patients compared with HCs. A small portion of the thalamus showed reduced GMV values in MDD patients compared to HCs. Furthermore, the region of interest (ROI)-based comparison results in the basal ganglia structures align with the outcomes obtained from the “MCCA+jICA” analysis. The ELISA results indicated that the levels of pF in MDD patients were higher than those in HCs. Correlation analysis revealed that the increase in pF was positively correlated with the iron content in the left thalamus. Finally, the covariation patterns obtained from “MCCA+jICA” analysis as classification features effectively differentiated MDD patients from HCs in the support vector machine (SVM) model. Our findings indicate that elevated peripheral ferritin in MDD patients may disrupt the normal metabolism of iron in the brain, leading to abnormal changes in brain iron levels and GMV.

Graph neural networks (GNNs) have shown significant success in graph representation learning. However, the performance of existing GNNs degrades seriously when their layers deepen due to the over-smoothing issue. The node embedding incline converges to a certain value when GNNs repeat, aggregating the representations of the receptive field. The main reason for over-smoothing is that the receptive field of each node tends to be similar as the layers increase, which leads to different nodes aggregating similar information. To solve this problem, we propose an adaptive multi-channel deep graph neural network (AMD-GNN) to adaptively and symmetrically aggregate information from the deep receptive field. The proposed model ensures that the receptive field of each node in the deep layer is different so that the node representations are distinguishable. The experimental results demonstrate that AMD-GNN achieves state-of-the-art performance on node classification tasks with deep models.

A systematic study was conducted on the impact of annealing treatments on the microstructure and properties of cold-rolled Ti50Ni47Fe3 alloys using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, electron backscattered diffraction, and an electronic universal testing machine. It was found that, during low-temperature annealing (400 °C and 500 °C), the annealing time had no significant effect on the microstructure or properties of the Ti50Ni47Fe3 alloy. Only elongation (δ) increased with the increase in the annealing time, and the grain orientation of the Ti50Ni47Fe3 alloy was //RD (rolling direction). When annealing at medium–high temperature (600 °C), as the annealing time increased, recrystallization and grain growth processes occurred, resulting in a continuous decrease in strength and an increase in δ. Meanwhile, it was found that the grain orientation of the cold-rolled Ti50Ni47Fe3 alloy changed from //RD during the recovery and recrystallization processes to //RD after the grain growth process. The orientation distribution function cross-section φ2 = 45° results indicate that the texture was mainly distributed along the γ orientation line (φ1 = 0~90°, Φ = 54.7°, φ2 = 45°). When annealed at 400 °C and 500 °C, the texture of the Ti50Ni47Fe3 alloys was (111)[uvw]. When the annealing treatment was 600 °C for 120 min, a (110)[uvw] texture occurred. Additionally, ductile fracture occurred in all specimens, and the crack origin was located on one side of the fracture surface, with obvious “Y”-shaped propagation. This article studied annealing treatments of cold-rolled Ti50Ni47Fe3 alloys, providing corresponding theoretical guidance for subsequent production applications.

To explore the process of extraction and antioxidant activity of products from marine sponge, three influencing factors, ultrasonic temperature, ultrasonic time, and ultrasonic power were investigated respectively taking DPPH radicals scavenging rate of ethanol extracts from H. erectus as the response value, and the optimal ultrasonic-assisted extraction process was determined by Box-Behnken design. The extract obtained from H. erectus by the best ultrasonic-assisted process was detected for antioxidant activity, which included the scavenging effect on DPPH radicals, ABTS+• and •OH. The effects of the extract on viability of oxidative damage L02 cells and content of intracellular ROS were detected by constructing a cell model of H2O2 induced oxidative damage. The results showed that the optimized process conditions were as follows: Ultrasonic temperature was 57 ℃, ultrasonic time was 60 min, and ultrasonic power was 490 W. Under these conditions, the DPPH scavenging rate of the extract was 61.98%±1.52%, which agreed well with the predicted value of 62.16%. The extract showed good scavenging effects on DPPH radical, ABTS+• and •OH. The cell viability of treated groups was significantly higher than that of the model group (P

Abstract Existing studies suggest that biochar application can reduce soil nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, mainly based on short‐term results. However, it remains unclear what the effects (i.e., legacy effects) and underlying mechanisms are on N2O emissions after many years of a single application of biochar. Here, we collected intact soil columns from plots without and with biochar application in a subtropical tea plantation 7 years ago for an incubation experiment. We used the N2O isotopocule analysis combined with ammonia oxidizer‐specific inhibitors and molecular biology approaches to investigate how the legacy effect of biochar affected soil N2O emissions. Results showed that the soil in the presence of biochar had lower N2O emissions than the control albeit statistically insignificant. The legacy effect of biochar in decreasing N2O emissions may be attributed to the reduced effectiveness of the soil substrate, nitrification and denitrification activities, and the promotion of the further reduction of N2O. The legacy effect of biochar reduced the relative contribution of nitrifier denitrification/bacterial denitrification, nitrification‐related N2O production, and the relative abundance of several microorganisms involved in the nitrogen cycle. Our global meta‐analysis also showed that the reduction of N2O by biochar increased with increasing application rate but diminished and possibly even reversed with increasing experimental time. In conclusion, our findings suggest that the abatement capacity of biochar on soil N2O emissions may weaken over time after biochar application, but this remains under further investigation.

Drought stress limits wheat production around the world. Here, the authors report allelic variation of a WD40 encoding gene TaWD40-4B.1 contributes to wheat drought tolerance by interacting with canonical catalases as a chaperone to promote their activities to avoid ROS over accumulation.

Abstract Background While preeclampsia (PE) is a leading cause of pregnancy-related morbidity/mortality, its underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. DNA methylation (DNAm) is a dynamic regulator of gene expression that may offer insight into PE pathophysiology and/or serve as a biomarker (e.g., risk, subtype, a therapeutic response). This study’s purpose was to evaluate for differences in blood-based DNAm across all trimesters between individuals eventually diagnosed with PE (cases) and individuals who remained normotensive throughout pregnancy, did not develop proteinuria, and birthed a normally grown infant (controls). Results In the discovery phase, longitudinal, genome-wide DNAm data were generated across three trimesters of pregnancy in 56 participants (n=28 cases, n=28 controls) individually matched on self-identified race, pre-pregnancy body mass index, smoking, and gestational age at sample collection. An epigenome-wide association study (EWAS) was conducted, using surrogate variable analysis to account for unwanted sources of variation. No CpGs met the genome-wide significance p value threshold of 9×10-8, but 16 CpGs (trimester 1: 5; trimester 2: 1; trimester 3: 10) met the suggestive significance threshold of 1×10-5. DNAm data were also evaluated for differentially methylated regions (DMRs) by PE status. Three DMRs in each trimester were significant after Bonferonni-adjustment. Since only third-trimester samples were available from an independent replication sample (n=64 cases, n=50 controls), the top suggestive hits from trimester 3 (cg16155413 and cg21882990 associated with TRAF3IP2-AS1/TRAF3IP2 genes, which also made up the top DMR) were carried forward for replication. During replication, DNAm data were also generated for validation purposes from discovery phase third trimester samples. While significant associations between DNAm and PE status were observed at both sites in the validation sample, no associations between DNAm and PE status were observed in the independent replication sample. Conclusions The discovery phase findings for cg16155413/cg21882990 (TRAF3IP2-AS1/TRAF3IP2) were validated with a new platform but were not replicated in an independent sample. Given the differences in participant characteristics between the discovery and replication samples, we cannot rule out important signals for these CpGs. Additional research is warranted for cg16155413/cg21882990, as well as top hits in trimesters 1–2 and significant DMRs that were not examined in the replication phase.

The effect of annealing treatment on the microstructure and texture of a Ti50Ni47Fe3 shape memory alloy tube was studied. The results show that the recrystallization process of a cold-rolled Ti50Ni47Fe3 alloy tube occurs at 600 °C. The microstructure changes from long striped grains to equiaxed recrystallized grains. The main texture of the alloy tube is the fiber texture parallel to RD. With the increase in the annealing temperature, the crystal orientation of the alloy gradually turned to (111), and a series of secondary textures were distributed along the γ orientation line when the alloy was annealed at a lower temperature (450~600 °C). When the alloy was annealed at 650 °C, the growth of recrystallized grains made the grain orientation change, which led to the weakening of the γ-fiber texture and the formation of recrystallization textures.

How to improve the driving performance of the vehicle while carrying out path tracking control has become a hot issue in current research. In this paper, an MPC (Model predictive control) path tracking control algorithm incorporating differential braking control is proposed. By establishing a vehicle dynamics model of a semi-trailer train, the model predictive control theory is adopted for path tracking. Then, the vehicle dynamics model, considering the additional yaw moment, is established to design the differential braking control strategy. Under low-speed working conditions, the PID (Proportional Integral Derivative) algorithm is used to solve the additional yaw moment with the yaw rate of the tractor traveling alone as the desired value. Under high-speed working conditions, the Fuzzy PID algorithm is used to solve the additional yaw moment with the control objective of reducing the articulation angle. Simulation models are built using MATLAB/Simulink, and TruckSim for numerical experimental validation. The numerical experimental results show that the differential braking control method proposed in this paper can improve the maneuverability of vehicles driving in low-speed conditions and the stability of vehicles driving in high-speed conditions without decreasing the precision of path tracking control.

IntroductionDental caries is one of the most common and costly biofilm-dependent oral diseases in the world. Streptococcus mutans is the major cariogenic pathogen of dental caries. S. mutans synthesizes extracellular polysaccharides by autologous glucosyltransferases, which then promotes bacterial adhesion and cariogenic biofilm formation. The S. mutans biofilm is the principal target for caries treatment. This study was designed to explore the antibacterial activity and mechanisms of areca nut essential oil (ANEO) against S. mutans.MethodsThe ANEOs were separated by negative pressure hydro-distillation. The Kirby-Bauer method and broth microdilution method were carried out to evaluate the antibacterial activity of different ANEOs. The antibacterial mechanism was revealed by crystal violet staining, XTT reduction, microbial adhesion to hydrocarbon test, extracellular polysaccharide production assay, glucosyltransferase activity assay, lactate dehydrogenase leaking, propidium iodide staining and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The cytotoxicity of ANEOs was determine by MTT assay.ResultsThe ANEOs separated at different temperatures exhibited different levels of antibacterial activity against S. mutans, and the ANEO separated at 70°C showed the most prominent bacteriostatic activity. Anti-biofilm experiments showed that the ANEOs attenuated the adhesion ability of S. mutans by decreasing the surface hydrophobicity of the bacteria, prevented S. mutans biofilm formation by inhibiting glucosyltransferase activity, reducing extracellular polysaccharide synthesis, and reducing the total biofilm biomass and activity. SEM further demonstrated the destructive effects of the ANEOs on the S. mutans biofilm. Cell membrane-related experiments indicated that the ANEOs destroyed the integrity of the cell membrane, resulting in the leakage of lactic dehydrogenase and nucleic acids. SEM imaging of S. mutans cell showed the disruption of the cellular morphology by the ANEOs. The cytotoxicity assay suggested that ANEO was non-toxic towards normal oral epithelial cells.DiscussionThis study displayed that ANEOs exerted antibacterial activity against S. mutans primarily by affecting the biofilm and disrupting the integrity of the cell membrane. ANEOs has the potential to be developed as an antibacterial agent for preventing dental caries. Additionally, a new method for the separation of essential oil components is presented.

Proteomic analysis of human early fetal brain tissue is undertaken to investigate bilateral developmental changes of protein expression and left-right asymmetries of protein expression.

Heat treatments after cold rolling for TiNiFe shape-memory alloys have been compared. After EBSD analysis and as calculated by the Avrami model and Arrhenius equation, the relationship between the heat-treatment temperature and manufacturing time of TiNiFe alloys is established. Through calculation, it can be found that TiNiFe alloys can obtain similar microstructures under the annealing processes of 823 K for 776 min, 827 K for 37 min, and 923 K for 12.5 min. And the recrystallization fractions are all around 50%. Nevertheless, the tensile properties and recovery stress of the alloys show almost similar values. And based on the feasibility of the annealing process, it is believed that annealing at 873 K for 37 min is the optimal choice to obtain a recrystallization fraction φR = 50%.

Introduction: Major depressive disorder is a mental disease with complex pathogenesis and treatment mechanisms involving changes in both the gut microbiota and neuroinflammation. Cuscutae Semen (CS), also known as Chinese Dodder seed, is a medicinal herb that exerts several pharmacological effects. These include neuroprotection, anti-neuroinflammation, the repair of synaptic damage, and the alleviation of oxidative stress. However, whether CuscutaeSemen exerts an antidepressant effect remains unknown.Methods: In this study, we evaluated the effect of CS on chronic unpredictable stress (CUS)-induced depression-like behaviors in mice by observing changes in several inflammatory markers, including proinflammatory cytokines, inflammatory proteins, and gliocyte activation. Meanwhile, changes in the gut microbiota were analyzed based on 16 S rRNA sequencing results. Moreover, the effect of CS on the synaptic ultrastructure was detected by transmission electron microscopy.Results: We found that the CS extract was rich in chlorogenic acid and hypericin. And CS relieved depression-like behaviors in mice exposed to CUS. Increased levels of cytokines (IL-1β and TNF-α) and inflammatory proteins (NLRP3, NF-κB, and COX-2) induced by CUS were reversed after CS administration. The number of astrocytes and microglia increased after CUS exposure, whereas they decreased after CS treatment. Meanwhile, CS could change the structure of the gut microbiota and increase the relative abundance of Lactobacillus. Moreover, there was a significant relationship between several Lactobacilli and indicators of depression-like behaviors and inflammation. There was a decrease in postsynaptic density after exposure to CUS, and this change was alleviated after CS treatme.Conclusion: This study found that CS treatment ameliorated CUS-induced depression-like behaviors and synaptic structural defects in mice via the gut microbiota-neuroinflammation axis. And chlorogenic acid and hypericin may be the main active substances for CS to exert antidepressant effects.

With the development of science and technology, self-driving technology is gradually being applied to automobile semi-trailer trains. Aiming at the problem that it is challenging to plan the traveling trajectory of an autonomous semi-trailer train, a trajectory planning algorithm based on a constrained iterative linear quadratic regulator is proposed. The constrained iterative linear quadratic regulator solves the problem that the iterative constrained linear quadratic regulator cannot deal with inequality constraints by transforming inequality constraints into interior point penalty functions to deal with all kinds of inequality constraints in the trajectory planning problem. When dealing with the obstacle avoidance problem, the body contour is modeled approximately according to the actual shape of the vehicle, and the obstacle avoidance constraints are transformed into inequality constraints. Considering the unique body structure of a semi-trailer train, the articulation angle constraint function is designed according to different vehicle speeds. Simulation experimental results show that the algorithm can plan safe driving trajectories for semi-trailer trains in complex traffic scenarios.

The survival and success of organizations increasingly depend on creativity. A Supervisor Creative Feedback Environment is of special value in enhancing team creativity, but few studies have explored the relationship between the supervisor creative feedback environment and creativity and how it affects creativity. Based on feedback intervention theory and triadic reciprocal determinism, this paper explores the process mechanism and boundary conditions of the supervisor creative feedback environment affecting team creativity from the perspectives of ambidextrous learning and team creative cognitive style. With 506 team members from 115 work teams in domestic enterprises as research samples, regression analysis was used to test the theoretical hypotheses. Feedback intervention, according to the feedback intervention theory, is a complicated process. There are various influencing factors, such as the feedback provider, means of feedback intervention, the content of the feedback information, situational factors, and the feedback recipients (Junwei, 2003). The leading creative feedback loop includes important feedback receiver's factors which are not mentioned above. Triadic reciprocal determinism holds that individual behavior is formed by the interaction and interconnection of individual, environment, and behavior. The two above-mentioned theories can explain why the leadership creative feedback environment can affect team creativity by influencing ambidextrous learning. The results also show that the feedback environment of supervisor creativity has positive effects on team creativity. Ambidextrous learning mediates the relation between supervisor creative feedback environments and team creativity. Team creative cognitive style has a positive moderating effect on the indirect relationship between a supervisor creative feedback environment and team creativity through ambidextrous learning. This study validates feedback intervention theory and triadic reciprocal determinism, expands the application of feedback environment factors in the research field of team creativity, provides a theoretical framework for the influence of the creative feedback environment on team creativity, and also provides theoretical support for managers to apply the management tool of a supervisor creative feedback environment to organizational context to improve team creativity. Based on the research results, this paper puts forward corresponding management suggestions from the aspect of creating a supervisor creative feedback environment, attaching importance to team ambidextrous learning, and making good use of creative cognitive style.

Abstract Tropical and subtropical acidic soils have been well documented as hotspots of global soil nitrogen (N) oxide (i.e., nitrous oxide (N2O) and nitric oxide (NO) emissions). While the effectiveness of possible mitigation options has been extensively examined in croplands, little is known about their effectiveness in reducing N‐oxide emissions from acidic soils of rapidly expanding tea plantations in China. Here, we conducted a 2‐year field experiment to investigate how organic substitution for synthetic fertilizer and biochar amendment affect soil N‐oxide emissions from a subtropical tea plantation. Across the 2‐year measurement period, full organic substitution for synthetic fertilizer significantly increased N2O emissions by an average of 17% while had a lower NO emission compared to synthetic fertilizer alone. Our global meta‐analysis further revealed that full or partial organic fertilizer substitution resulted in a 29% (95% confidence interval: 5%–60%) increase of N2O emissions from acidic soils. In contrast, irrespective of fertilizer type, biochar amendment significantly reduced N2O emissions by 14% in the first but not second experimental year, suggesting a transient effect. The trade‐off effect of full organic substitution on N2O and NO emissions may be attributed to the favorable conditions for N2O production due to the stimulated activity of nitrifiers and denitrifiers. The suppression of N2O emission following biochar amendment was probably due to promoted further reduction of N2O to dinitrogen. The fertilizer‐induced emission factor (EF) of N2O (2.1%) in the tea plantation was greater than the current IPCC default value, but the EF of NO (0.8%) was comparable to the global estimate. Taken together, while biochar amendment could have mitigation potential, cautions are needed when applying organic substitution for synthetic fertilizer as mitigation options for acidic soils as hotspots of N‐oxide emissions.

Abstract Nanomaterial-based drug sustainable release systems have been tentatively applied to bone regeneration. They, however, still face disadvantages of high toxicity, low biocompatibility, and low drug-load capacity. In view of the low toxicity and high biocompatibility of polymer nanomaterials and the excellent load capacity of hollow nanomaterials with high specific surface area, we evaluated the hollow polydopamine nanoparticles (HPDA NPs), in order to find an optimal system to effectively deliver the osteogenic drugs to improve treatment of bone defect. Data demonstrated that the HPDA NPs synthesized herein could efficiently load four types of osteogenic drugs and the drugs can effectively release from the HPDA NPs for a relatively longer time in vitro and in vivo with low toxicity and high biocompatibility. Results of qRT-PCR, ALP, and alizarin red S staining showed that drugs released from the HPDA NPs could promote osteogenic differentiation and proliferation of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (rBMSCs) in vitro. Image data from micro-CT and H&E staining showed that all four osteogenic drugs released from the HPDA NPs effectively promoted bone regeneration in the defect of tooth extraction fossa in vivo, especially tacrolimus. These results suggest that the HPDA NPs, the biodegradable hollow polymer nanoparticles with high drug load rate and sustainable release ability, have good prospect to treat the bone defect in future clinical practice.

The effect of annealing temperature on the microstructures and mechanical properties of Ti50Ni47Fe3 (at. %) shape memory alloy was investigated by using a cold-rolled alloy sheet. For this purpose, a scanning electron microscope, electron backscatter diffraction, a transmission electron microscope, X-ray diffraction, tensile tests and Vickers hardness tests were used. The evolution of the microstructures, mechanical properties and fracture morphology of Ti50Ni47Fe3 alloy was studied. The results show that the recovery occurs at an annealing temperature of 500 °C, and the recrystallization occurs at 600 °C. Because of the recrystallization at 600 °C, the //RD texture disappears, and the intensity of the //RD texture decreases; the alloy reaches its maximum elongation while maintaining a high strength, and at this annealing temperature, the alloy has excellent comprehensive mechanical properties. After the temperature exceeds 600 °C, the mechanical properties of the alloy decrease sharply. With the increase of the annealing temperature, the quantity and distribution of elliptical Ti2Ni-phase particles show almost no specific changes. Additionally, with the increase of annealing temperatures to 600 °C, the fracture surface of Ti50Ni47Fe3 alloys becomes flatter.

Abstract Background Despite tremendous progress has been achieved in tumor theranostic over the past decade, accurate identification and complete eradication of tumor cells remain a great challenge owing to the limitation of single imaging modality and therapeutic strategy. Results Herein, we successfully design and construct BiVO4/Fe3O4@polydopamine (PDA) superparticles (SPs) for computed tomography (CT)/photoacoustic (PA)/magnetic resonance (MR) multimodal imaging and radiotherapy (RT)/photothermal therapy (PTT) synergistic therapy toward oral epithelial carcinoma. On the one hand, BiVO4 NPs endow BiVO4/Fe3O4@PDA SPs with impressive X-ray absorption capability due to the high X-ray attenuation coefficient of Bi, which is beneficial for their utilization as radiosensitizers for CT imaging and RT. On the other hand, Fe3O4 NPs impart BiVO4/Fe3O4@PDA SPs with the superparamagnetic property as a T2-weighted contrast agent for MR imaging. Importantly, the aggregation of Fe3O4 NPs in SPs and the presence of PDA shell greatly improve the photothermal conversion capability of SPs, making BiVO4/Fe3O4@PDA SPs as an ideal photothermal transducer for PA imaging and PTT. By integrating advantages of various imaging modalities (CT/PA/MR) and therapeutic strategies (RT/PTT), our BiVO4/Fe3O4@PDA SPs exhibit the sensitive multimodal imaging feature and superior synergistic therapeutic efficacy on tumors. Conclusions Since there are many kinds of building blocks with unique properties appropriating for self-assembly, our work may largely enrich the library of nanomateirals for tumor diagnosis and treatment.

Abstract Compactifications of 6d N $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = (1, 0) SCFTs give rise to new 4d N $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 1 SCFTs and shed light on interesting dualities between such theories. In this paper we continue exploring this line of research by extending the class of compactified 6d theories to the D- type case. The simplest such 6d theory arises from D5 branes probing D-type singularities. Equivalently, this theory can be obtained from an F-theory compactification using −2- curves intersecting according to a D-type quiver. Our approach is two-fold. We start by compactifying the 6d SCFT on a Riemann surface and compute the central charges of the resulting 4d theory by integrating the 6d anomaly polynomial over the Riemann surface. As a second step, in order to find candidate 4d UV Lagrangians, there is an intermediate 5d theory that serves to construct 4d domain walls. These can be used as building blocks to obtain torus compactifications. In contrast to the A-type case, the vanishing of anomalies in the 4d theory turns out to be very restrictive and constraints the choices of gauge nodes and matter content severely. As a consequence, in this paper one has to resort to non- maximal boundary conditions for the 4d domain walls. However, the comparison to the 6d theory compactified on the Riemann surface becomes less tractable.

Al/steel dissimilar welds were obtained by friction stir lap welding (FSLW) with an Al interlayer, which was fabricated by friction surfacing (FS). In present study, the tool pin was totally plunged into the Al plate and interlayer without stirring steel, which avoided the tool wear. The Al plate and interlayer were remarkably intermixed as pin length increased. A diffusion layer, instead of the intermetallic layer, was found at the Al/steel interface, indicating the enhanced atomic migration and related interfacial bonding. The maximum failure load of the joints of 2.8 kN was reached when the 2.5 mm pin tool was used. The heterogeneous microstructure, which was caused by the intermixing, was responsible for the fracture, according to the fracture profiles. Necking and dimples were depicted from the fractographies, indicating that the joints were failed by plastic fracture. Keywords: Al/steel dissimilar joining, Friction surfacing, Friction stir welding, Microstructure, Mechanical properties

In modern organizations, creative work is usually carried out by teams, and the study of team creativity will therefore have meaningful implications for organization innovation research. The improvement of team creativity is a key management challenge for organization leaders. But our knowledge of how teams respond to and benefit from the supervisor’s developmental feedback is limited. This paper draws on the interdependence and knowledge density of team creativity to study how the supervisor’s developmental feedback influences creativity at the team level. Our statistical analysis of 94 supervisors and 330 employees finds that positive and negative development feedback from the supervisor both have a positive impact on team creativity, the impact from the negative development feedback is even stronger, and we also finds that the team’s harmonious innovation passion mediates the relationship between the supervisor’s developmental feedback and team creativity. In addition, we conclude that proactive personality activity moderates the relationship between the supervisor’s positive (negative) developmental feedback and the team’s harmonious innovation passion. Our research promotes the development of the study of team creativity in the Chinese cultural context and it is also an important application of developmental feedback that can be incorporated into management practices to enhance team creativity.

ObjectiveThis study was to assess the specific impacts and mechanism of lncRNA GHET1 in the development of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC).MethodsThe lncRNA GHET1 expression in TNBC tissues and adjacent healthy tissues was detected by qRT-PCR, and its expression was then measured at the cellular level, including TNBC cells and human normal breast epithelial cell line MCF10A. On the completion of transfection of negative shRNA or lncRNA GHET1 shRNA, the TNBC cells, HCC1937 and MDA-MB-468, were then cultured in a normoxia or hypoxia environment, respectively. 5-Ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine (EdU) assay, colony formation assay, and transwell assay were applicable to the determination of cell proliferation, cell viability, and invasion in each group, respectively. Reagent kits were used for testing glucose consumption and lactate production levels. HCC1937 cells with knockdown or overexpression of lncRNA GHET1 were injected into the nude mice, followed by the examination of resulting tumor volume and weight. The distribution and expression of Hippo/YAP signaling pathway-related proteins were probed using western blotting.ResultsHighly expressed lncRNA GHET1 in TNBC tissues and cells and induction of lncRNA GHET1 by hypoxia were proved. Knockdown of lncRNA GHET1 significantly reduced proliferation, viability, and invasion of TNBC cells, and decreased glucose consumption and lactate production levels under the hypoxia condition. Furthermore, lncRNA GHET1 knockdown decreased HIF-1α expression in hypoxia and significantly inhibited tumor development in vivo. Knockdown of lncRNA GHET1 increased the phosphorylation levels of LATS1 and Yes-associated protein (YAP) to retain YAP within the cytoplasm, while the overexpression of lncRNA GHET1 or hypoxia promoted nuclear translocation of YAP and TNBC development.ConclusionLncRNA GHET1 expression can be induced by hypoxia, which leads to excessive activation of the Hippo/YAP signaling pathway, thus promoting TNBC progression.

To date, few attempts have been made to associate air conditioning behavior with environmental conditions and the occupants’ thermal sensations and physiological states simultaneously. In this study, a series of experiments were conducted in a climate chamber environment, representative of a typical intermittent air conditioning process in residences. For 29 participants, local skin temperatures, thermal sensation and the participants’ intention of turning off air conditioning were recorded continually. Skin temperature and thermal sensation were found to keep decreasing over time, which in turn triggered turning off air conditioning. It is also noted that participants reported different thermal sensations when they intended to turn off air conditioning. However, there was no statistically significant difference in skin temperature of exposed body parts such as foot and calf. Additionally, given the ambient set temperature, the probability of turning off air conditioning exponentially increased with the increasing air conditioning duration. Accordingly, from a physiological perspective, the occupants’ behavior of turning off air conditioning was largely dependent on the local skin temperature of exposed body parts. From an environmental perspective, air conditioning duration demonstrated influences on the air conditioner switch-off. The lower the ambient temperature or the longer the exposure to air conditioning environment, the stronger the intention of the participants to turn off air conditioning.

The knitting principle of 3D braided gear was studied, and the dynamic model of the two-stage gear system was established. The fourth-order Runge-Kutta method was used to numerically simulate the dynamic characteristics of common gear and 3D braided gear. The results showed that the fundamental frequency ω 1 of the static transmission error excitation had the greatest effect on the speed and frequency characteristics of the first-stage gear along the meshing line. The research on frequency characteristics of common gear and 3D braided gear shows that the fundamental frequency ω 1 of the static transmission error excitation has a large effect on the speed and frequency characteristics of the first-stage gear along the meshing line. With the reduction of the gear mass and moment of inertia, the amplitude in the low-frequency band increases. The vibration resonance of the system is studied by defining the amplitude gain of the response of the system output at the low-frequency signal ω 3 . The results show that with the reduction of gear mass and moment of inertia, when the input stage torque fluctuation frequency is Ω > 5, the fluctuation of amplitude gain Q disappears, which indicates that the vibration resistance of the 3D braided gear to high-frequency input stage torque fluctuation frequency is greatly improved.

On the basis of analyzing the movement law of 3D circular braided yarn, the three-cell model of 3D five-direction circular braiding composite material is established. By analyzing the node position relationship in various cell models, the calculation formulas of braiding angle, cell volume, fiber volume and fiber volume content in various cell models are obtained. It is found that there are four different braiding angles in four internal cells, and the braiding angles in internal cells gradually increase from inside to outside. The braiding angles of upper and lower surface cells are approximately equal. With the increase of the length of the knuckles, the braiding angles of each cell decrease, and the braiding angles of the four inner cells decrease greatly, while the braiding angles of upper and lower surfaces decrease slightly. The results of parametric analysis showed that with the increase of the length of the knuckles and the inner diameter of cells, the mass of cells increased proportionally, while the total fiber volume content of cells decreased. With the increase of braiding yarn number and axial yarn number, the unit cell mass decreases in direct proportion, and the unit cell total fiber volume content increases. Through the research results of this paper, the geometrical characteristics of the cell model under different braided parameters can be obtained, which greatly improves the analysis efficiency.

The protracted nature of development makes the cerebellum vulnerable to a broad spectrum of pathologic conditions, especially during the early fetal period. This study aims to characterize normal cerebellar growth in human fetuses during the early second trimester. We manually segmented the fetal cerebellum using 7.0-T high-resolution MR images obtained in 35 specimens with gestational ages ranging from 15 to 22 weeks. Volume measurements and shape analysis were performed to quantitatively evaluate global and regional cerebellar growth. The absolute volume of the fetal cerebellum showed a quadratic growth with increasing gestational age, while the pattern of relative volume changes revealed that the cerebellum grew at a greater pace than the cerebrum after 17 gestational weeks. Shape analysis was used to examine the distinctive development of subregions of the cerebellum. The extreme lateral portions of both cerebellar hemispheres showed the lowest rate of growth. The anterior lobe grew faster than most of the posterior lobe. These findings expand our understanding of the early growth pattern of the human cerebellum and could be further used to assess the developmental conditions of the fetal brain.

Abstract Background Soil salinity and/or alkalinity impose a major constraint over crop yield and quality. An understanding of the molecular basis of the plant response to these stresses could inform the breeding of more tolerant varieties. The bread wheat cultivar SR3 exhibits an enhanced level of salinity tolerance, while SR4 is distinguished by its superior tolerance of alkalinity. Results The small RNA and degradome sequencing was used to explore the miRNAs and corresponding targets associated with the superior stress tolerance of the SR lines. An examination of the small RNA content of these two closely related lines revealed the presence of 98 known and 219 novel miRNA sequences. Degradome libraries were constructed in order to identify the targets of the miRNAs, leading to the identification of 58 genes targeted by 26 of the known miRNAs and 549 targeted by 65 of the novel ones. The function of two of the stress-responsive miRNAs was explored using virus-induced gene silencing. Conclusions This analysis indicated that regulation mediated by both auxin and epigenetic modification can be important in determining both salinity and alkalinity tolerance, while jasmonate signaling and carbohydrate metabolism are important for salinity tolerance, as is proton transport for alkalinity tolerance.

Uncovering the genetic basis of key agronomic traits, and particularly of drought tolerance, addresses an important priority for durum wheat improvement. Here, a genome-wide association study (GWAS) in 493 durum wheat accessions representing a worldwide collection was employed to address the genetic basis of 17 agronomically important traits and a drought wilting score. Using a linear mixed model with 4 inferred subpopulations and a kinship matrix, we identified 90 marker-trait-associations (MTAs) defined by 78 markers. These markers could be merged into 44 genomic loci by linkage disequilibrium (r2 > 0.2). Based on sequence alignment of the markers to the reference genome of bread wheat, we identified 14 putative candidate genes involved in enzymes, hormone-response, and transcription factors. The GWAS in durum wheat and a previous quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis in bread wheat identified a consensus QTL locus.4B.1 conferring drought tolerance, which was further scanned for the presence of potential candidate genes. A haplotype analysis of this region revealed that two minor haplotypes were associated with both drought tolerance and reduced plant stature, thought to be the effect of linkage with the semi-dwarfing gene Rht-B1. Haplotype variants in the key chromosome 4B region were informative regarding evolutionary divergence among durum, emmer and bread wheat. Over all, the data are relevant in the context of durum wheat improvement and the isolation of genes underlying variation in some important quantitative traits.

Few investigators have analyzed fetal ocular growth with Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) of high magnetic strength. Our purpose is to obtain normative biometrics for fetal ocular development in the second trimester of pregnancy. Sixty specimens with a gestational age (GA) of 12-23 weeks were scanned using a 7.0 T MRI scanner. The linear interocular and binocular distances (IOD and BOD, respectively), globe diameter (GD) and lens diameter (LD) were measured on the transverse section of the largest diameter of the eyeballs. The three dimensional (3D) visualization model of the eyeball was reconstructed with Amira software. Then, the globe and lens volumes (GV and LV, respectively) were obtained. All the measurements were plotted as a function of GA. The fetal ocular structures in the second trimester of pregnancy could be clearly delineated on 7.0 T postmortem MRI images. All the linear measurements logarithmically increased with GA, while, the volumetric measurements linearly increased with GA. Postmortem MRI of high magnetic strength can clearly document fetal ocular growth in the second trimester of pregnancy. These quantitative data may be a valuable reference for the assessment of normal fetal eyeball development in clinical settings and may be considered a supplement to anatomical investigations.

In the scenario where autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) carry out tasks, it is necessary to reliably estimate underwater-moving-target positioning. While cameras often give low-precision visibility in a limited field of view, the forward-looking sonar is still an attractive method for underwater sensing, which is especially effective for long-range tracking. This paper describes an online processing framework based on forward-looking-sonar (FLS) images, and presents a novel tracking approach based on a Gaussian particle filter (GPF) to resolve persistent multiple-target tracking in cluttered environments. First, the character of acoustic-vision images is considered, and methods of median filtering and region-growing segmentation were modified to improve image-processing results. Second, a generalized regression neural network was adopted to evaluate multiple features of target regions, and a representation of feature subsets was created to improve tracking performance. Thus, an adaptive fusion strategy is introduced to integrate feature cues into the observation model, and the complete procedure of underwater target tracking based on GPF is displayed. Results obtained on a real acoustic-vision AUV platform during sea trials are shown and discussed. These showed that the proposed method is feasible and effective in tracking targets in complex underwater environments.

Complicated molecular and cellular processes take place in a spatiotemporally heterogeneous and precisely regulated pattern in the human fetal brain, yielding not only dramatic morphological and microstructural changes, but also macroscale connectomic transitions. As the underlying substrate of the fetal brain structural network, both dynamic neuronal migration pathways and rapid developing fetal white matter (WM) fibers could fundamentally reshape early fetal brain connectome. Quantifying structural connectome development can not only shed light on the brain reconfiguration in this critical yet rarely studied developmental period, but also reveal alterations of the connectome under neuropathological conditions. However, transition of the structural connectome from the mid-fetal stage to birth is not yet known. The contribution of different types of neural fibers to the structural network in the mid-fetal brain is not known, either. In this study, diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging (DT-MRI or DTI) of 10 fetal brain specimens at the age of 20 postmenstrual weeks (PMW), 12 in vivo brains at 35 PMW, and 12 in vivo brains at term (40 PMW) were acquired. The structural connectome of each brain was established with evenly parcellated cortical regions as network nodes and traced fiber pathways based on DTI tractography as network edges. Two groups of fibers were categorized based on the fiber terminal locations in the cerebral wall in the 20 PMW fetal brains. We found that fetal brain networks become stronger and more efficient during 20–40 PMW. Furthermore, network strength and global efficiency increase more rapidly during 20–35 PMW than during 35–40 PMW. Visualization of the whole brain fiber distribution by the lengths suggested that the network reconfiguration in this developmental period could be associated with a significant increase of major long association WM fibers. In addition, non-WM neural fibers could be a major contributor to the structural network configuration at 20 PMW and small-world network organization could exist as early as 20 PMW. These findings offer a preliminary record of the fetal brain structural connectome maturation from the middle fetal stage to birth and reveal the critical role of non-WM neural fibers in structural network configuration in the middle fetal stage.

Functional neuroimaging studies have indicated the involvement of separate brain areas in three distinct attention systems: alerting, orienting and executive control (EC). However, the structural correlates underlying attention remains unexplored. Here, we utilized graph theory to examine the neuroanatomical substrates of the three attention systems measured by attention network test (ANT) in 65 healthy subjects. White matter connectivity, assessed with DTI deterministic tractography was modeled as a structural network comprising 90 nodes defined by the Automated Anatomical Labeling (AAL) template. Linear regression analyses were conducted to explore the relationship between topological parameters and the three attentional effects. We found a significant positive correlation between EC function and global efficiency of the whole brain network. At the regional level, node-specific correlations were discovered between regional efficiency and all three ANT components, including dorsolateral superior frontal gyrus, thalamus and parahippocampal gyrus for EC, thalamus and inferior parietal gyrus for alerting, and paracentral lobule and inferior occipital gyrus for orienting. Our findings highlight the fundamental architecture of interregional structural connectivity involved in attention and could provide new insights into the anatomical basis underlying human behavior.

It has been widely accepted that attention can be divided into three subnetworks - alerting, orienting and executive control (EC), and the subnetworks of attention are linked to distinct brain regions. However, the association between specific white matter fibers and the subnetworks of attention is not clear enough. Using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), the white matter connectivity related to the performance of attention was assessed by attention network test (ANT) in 85 healthy adolescents. Tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) and probabilistic diffusion tractography analysis demonstrated that cerebellothalamic tract was involved in alerting, while orienting depended upon the superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF). In addition, EC was under the control of anterior corona radiata (ACR). Our findings suggest that different fiber pathways are involved in the three distinct subnetworks of attention. The current study will yield more precise information about the structural substrates of attention function and may aid the efforts to understand the neurophysiology of several attention disorders.

BACKGROUND: The morphometry of fetal adrenal gland is rarely described with MRI of high magnetic field. The purpose of this study is to assess the normal fetal adrenal gland length (AL), width (AW), height (AH), surface area (AS) and volume (AV) in the second half of gestation with 3.0T post-mortem MRI. METHODS AND FINDINGS: Fifty-two fetal specimens of 23-40 weeks gestational age (GA) were scanned by 3.0T MRI. Morphological changes and quantitative measurements of the fetal adrenal gland were analyzed. Asymmetry and sexual dimorphism were also obtained. The shape of the fetal adrenal gland did not change substantially from 23 to 40 weeks GA. The bilateral adrenal glands appeared as a 'Y', pyramidal or half-moon shape after reconstruction. There was a highly linear correlation between AL, AW, AH, AS, AV and GA. AW, AH, AS and AV were larger for the left adrenal gland than the right. No sexual dimorphism was found. CONCLUSIONS: Our data delineated the normal fetal adrenal gland during the second half of gestation, and can serve as a useful precise reference for anatomy or in vivo fetus.

Both neuropsychological and functional neuroimaging studies have identified that the posterior parietal lobe (PPL) is critical for the attention function. However, the unique role of distinct parietal cortical subregions and their underlying white matter (WM) remains in question. In this study, we collected both magnetic resonance imaging and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) data in normal participants, and evaluated their attention performance using attention network test (ANT), which could isolate three different attention components: alerting, orienting and executive control. Cortical thickness, surface area and DTI parameters were extracted from predefined PPL subregions and correlated with behavioural performance. Tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) was used for the voxel-wise statistical analysis. Results indicated structure-behaviour relationships on multiple levels. First, a link between the cortical thickness and WM integrity of the right inferior parietal regions and orienting performance was observed. Specifically, probabilistic tractography demonstrated that the integrity of WM connectivity between the bilateral inferior parietal lobules mediated the orienting performance. Second, the scores of executive control were significantly associated with the WM diffusion metrics of the right supramarginal gyrus. Finally, TBSS analysis revealed that alerting performance was significant correlated with the fractional anisotropy of local WM connecting the right thalamus and supplementary motor area. We conclude that distinct areas and features within PPL are associated with different components of attention. These findings could yield a more complete understanding of the nature of the PPL contribution to visuospatial attention.