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By using a liquid crystal shutter to periodically modulate the infrared energy received by the on-board passive infrared (PIR) sensor, the synchronized low energy electronically chopped PIR (SLEEPIR) sensor recently developed by our team can detect stationary occupancy. However, the fixed threshold value-based detection accuracy is largely dependent on environmental settings, such as the room and floor surface temperature. In this letter, we first developed a thermoelectric model to quantify the environmental impact on the threshold value and then created an adaptive algorithm to generate temperature-sensitive threshold values to compensate environmental effects. We validated our thermoelectric model tested our adaptive algorithm in two uncontrolled environmental settings, and results show that the detection accuracy reaches over 92%, which is much higher than that using the fixed threshold approach.

The rise of motorcycles today is in line with the increase in criminal acts such as motorcycle theft. Even though it is equipped with a security system such as a shutter key and ignition key, motorbikes can still be broken into by burglar specialists. When a motorcycle theft occurs, what the community can do is report the incident to the police and the community takes a long time to find the whereabouts of the missing motorcycle. Based on these problems, an additional security system was designed for Arduino-based motorcycles by utilizing GPS and SIM7000 modules. With the help of a simple application on the user's smartphone, this motorcycle security system can be tracked at any time even remotely. The results of this test obtained the coordinate points taken by the motorcycle during the route with the default time interval of 1 second. The coordinates obtained are displayed directly on google maps that are connected to the application and stored in the history application to anticipate if a motor vehicle theft occurs. The accuracy of taking coordinates on this tool is 85% when the quality of the network received is in good condition and 75% when the quality of the network received is in poor condition.

As an emerging technology improving fuel consumption, active grille shutter (AGS) has been applied in engine cooling system. For the reason of unreasonable matching method of grille opening and cooling fan, the problem of engine overcooling is widespread. As components with similar function of adjusting cooling air flow, the AGS and the cooling fan are separated from each other in parameter matching and operation which reduce cooling efficiency and fuel economy. To achieve precise cooling and improve fuel economy, a joint control strategy for AGS and cooling fan was proposed by using computational fluid dynamics. In order to verify the feasibility of the strategy, the fuel economy tests were carried out at 0 km/h, 90 km/h and 120 km/h, respectively. The results showed that the fuel consumption under the three working conditions was reduced by 0.01 L/100 km, 0.07 L/100 km and 0.13 L/100 km, respectively, indicating that the proposed strategy can significantly reduce fuel consumption.

Stereoscopic projection mapping (PM) allows a user to see a three-dimensional (3D) computer-generated (CG) object floating over physical surfaces of arbitrary shapes around us using projected imagery. However, the current stereoscopic PM technology only satisfies binocular cues and is not capable of providing correct focus cues, which causes a vergence-accommodation conflict (VAC). Therefore, we propose a multifocal approach to mitigate VAC in stereoscopic PM. Our primary technical contribution is to attach electrically focus-tunable lenses (ETLs) to active shutter glasses to control both vergence and accommodation. Specifically, we apply fast and periodical focal sweeps to the ETLs, which causes the “virtual image” (as an optical term) of a scene observed through the ETLs to move back and forth during each sweep period. A 3D CG object is projected from a synchronized high-speed projector only when the virtual image of the projected imagery is located at a desired distance. This provides an observer with the correct focus cues required. In this study, we solve three technical issues that are unique to stereoscopic PM: (1) The 3D CG object is displayed on non-planar and even moving surfaces; (2) the physical surfaces need to be shown without the focus modulation; (3) the shutter glasses additionally need to be synchronized with the ETLs and the projector. We also develop a novel compensation technique to deal with the “lens breathing” artifact that varies the retinal size of the virtual image through focal length modulation. Further, using a proof-of-concept prototype, we demonstrate that our technique can present the virtual image of a target 3D CG object at the correct depth. Finally, we validate the advantage provided by our technique by comparing it with conventional stereoscopic PM using a user study on a depth-matching task.

To enable passive infrared (PIR) sensors to detect stationary occupants, we recently invented a synchronized low energy electronically chopped PIR (SLEEPIR) sensor consisting of PIR sensor, a polymer dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC) infrared shutter and a driving circuit. By electrically chopping the long-wave infrared (8- $12~\mu \text{m}$ ) radiation received by the PIR sensor, the SLEEPIR sensor can detection both stationary and moving occupants. In this paper, we developed a theoretic model to better understand the output of the SLEEPIR) sensor, and thus optimize its fabrication process and detection performance. The model indicated that its performance is mainly depending on the effective modulation and response time of the PDLC shutter in addition to the time constants of the PIR sensor. We empirically found that the effective modulation and response time are largely dependent on the frequency and amplitude of the driving signal, as well as the mass ratio, cell gap and cooling rate of the PDLC shutter. In the end we obtained optimized parameters that can produce the maximal SLEEPIR output, and experimentally validated our obtained optimal parameters and fabrication conditions.

The stratagem of employing paradoxical scenario in any form of artistic expression has been a timeless creative scheme. A very famous example of paradox may be seen within Sophocles’ Oedipus Rex, with the titular character’s pursuit of truth and goodwill leading to his own tragic downfall. Similarly, tragic expression has been at the centre of humans’ outlet for cathartic release. Thus, both paradox and tragedy tend to emerge in different ways in works of literature. The present study is focussed on recognizing and exploring the traces of commonalities of paradox and tragic elements between Oedipus Rex and Shutter Island(2003),by the renowned crime and mystery novelist, Dennis Lehane by considering the heroes in both narratives and the situations that their character attributes incite. The authors in both cases assign character attributes of a traditional tragic hero which constantly inform their actions, thereby creating an inevitable journey of personal downfall. The moments of anagnorisis are imbued with intense guilt and grief as both the protagonists realize that they themselves are the cause for their problems.

To explore the internal flow distributions and heat transfer mechanism in different types of independent cooling modules for automotive, numerical, and experimental studies were conducted. According to the study, the independent cooling modules with parallel structure, on which the heat exchangers were located separately and close to the inlets, the performance improvement was significant. In addition, the opposite model in parallel structure was considered to be more efficient for it can obtain the same heat rejection at a lower fan speed, effectively reducing the fan power. Besides, the parallel structure in independent cooling modules offered the possibility to control the mass flow on each heat exchanger precisely with active grille shutter. This technology deserves more attention in terms of energy saving and emission reduction. (Less)

The infiltration of warm and humid air from the outside into a freezer results in frost accumulation around the evaporator in household refrigerators. This can significantly reduce the cooling capacity of refrigerators. In this study, the pressure, temperature, and frost around a proposed drain tube were monitored through in-situ measurements until the first defrost process (about 54 h). The proposed drain tube has 220 times higher hydraulic resistance and shows 55 times lower inflow in computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis. Once the door of the freezer compartment is opened and closed, external warm air replaces the cold air in the freezer. Negative pressure is produced by the shrinkage of this external air under low-temperature conditions. The other role of the drain tube is to vent air between the outside and inside of the refrigerator under negative pressure. To release the negative pressure, the proposed drain tube has a movable shutter. In the CFD results, the secondary inlet increases the inflow by 3.2 times compared to the inflow in an I-type tube. To determine the design, the weight and inner diameter of the drain tube were changed. The performance of the proposed tube was validated by the lack of blockage of discharge until the first defrost process. The movable shutter did not allow the negative pressure to exceed -100 Pa by facilitating air venting after opening the door for 10 seconds and then closing it.

A postprocessing method for mitigating parasitic light sensitivity in global shutter CMOS image sensor (GS-CIS) has been developed by means of an additional frame for correction. The method uses the capability of GS-CISs to integrate the correction frame during the readout phase, allowing for a concurrent measurement of the parasitic light-induced signal. The method relies on development and validation, through experimental data, of the pixel output model in global shutter mode. The pixel output model studies the signal induced by parasitic light collection. Noise associated with correction is modeled and analyses are performed, showing some impact on the corrected frame.

The artesian well of Monzoungoudo has been abandoned since 2005. The non-mastery of artesianism springing up at this water point constitutes a waste of the resource and has caused environmental damage. It is a question of an uncontrolled flow of the artesian well induced by the depressurization of the aquifer, resulting in a potential loss of capacity of neighbouring wells and continuous flow of the well at the mouth of its casing. In contact of the recovered water with the surrounding soil, it may generate local flooding, gullying, soil subsidence, the formation of sinkholes and cause damage to the infrastructures located nearby. In addition, the water from the artesian aquifer on the surface migrates to the Monzoun River, while transporting suspended particles or contaminants encountered on its path. The receiving environment of this water could then be affected by an input of turbid water or various contaminants. All these reasons justify the validity of this study, which proposes to address the technique of plugging the abandoned artesian wells of Monzoungoudo in order to stop or control the gushing water. Keywords: Abandons; Artesian well; Captive aquifer; Gushing; Monzoungoudo; Shutter.

ilustraciones, fotografías Hogar es un acontecer, en estas páginas voy tejiendo, con un hilo en forma de grafos, poemas, palabras, los tránsitos de la genealogía de mi habitar, en búsqueda de la otra arquitectura, la horizontal, la de las relaciones, la arquitectura de los afectos. En esos ires y venires, en la arqueología de esos lugares y esas vidas, me he perdido. La memoria es la estructura narrativa de esta construcción, que no es más que una simple casa, o quizás muchas. Para mi escribir es tejer, cada línea escrita o leída es un hilo que va pasando por el telar, que va creando superficies, geografías y lugares. Lo que se inscribe en estas páginas es una invitación a mirar de nuevo, a volver a casa. A recorrer los hogares perdidos en el tiempo. (Texto tomado de la fuente) Home is an event, in these pages I am weaving, with a thread in the form of graphs, poems, words, the transits of the genealogy of my living, in search of the other architecture, the horizontal, that of relationships, the architecture of the affections In those comings and goings, in the archeology of those places and those lives, I have lost myself. Memory is the narrative structure of this construction, which is nothing more than a simple house, or perhaps many. For me writing is weaving, each line written or read is a thread that goes through the loom, which creates surfaces, geographies and places. What is inscribed on these pages is an invitation to look again, to return home. To visit homes lost in time. Maestría Magíster en Artes Plásticas y Visuales Área Curricular de Artes

Laser Microfabrication (LMF) has been widely employed in a broad range of applications based on linear and nonlinear optics phenomena. Thus, this work aims to develop an Arduino-controlled low-cost LMF setup with high quality and precision. The LMF setup comprises a homemade optical microscope, a motorized 3-D translation stage based on low-cost stepper motors and current driver, and a relay module to control the hard disk shutter switch. We show that the microfabrication setup is capable of a precise XY translation motion with 25 mm travel range and scanning speeds as high as 1350 μm/s, with a resolution of 315 nm while presenting high precision and repeatability (tiny backlash

Passive infrared (PIR) sensors, currently used for indoor lighting control report frequent false negative detects for stationary occupancy, which takes up almost 50% of the total occupancy rate. To address this, we developed a synchronized low-energy electronically chopped PIR (SLEEPIR) sensor that incorporates a liquid crystal (LC) shutter to chop the long-wave infrared signal received by the on-board PIR sensor. In this paper, we present a SLEEPIR sensor module, integrated with a PIR and machine learning for systematic evaluation of true occupancy detection in daily life. We design complex experimental scenarios containing a series of continuous daily activities and individual actions to simulate realistic environment to the maximum extend. We extract and down select key statistical features using recursive feature elimination with cross validation. In the end, we compared six machine learning models to evaluate the detection performance. Experiments involving continuous daily activities indicate an accuracy of 99.12% by using the support vector machine classifier.

High frame rate film should decrease motion blur and temporal aliasing allowing viewers to see more detail. Here we assessed how frame rate affected perception of detail in fabrics and costume ornamentation in three experiments. Live action footage with a fashion show theme was captured at all combinations of two resolutions (2k and 4k), three frame rates (24, 48 and 60 fps), and two shutter angles (180° and 358°). In the first experiment, participants rated the sharpness of a clip of a moving garment relative to a stationary clip. In the second experiment, participants rated (1) image sharpness and (2) quality of motion of 20-s sequences of costumed actors walking on a catwalk. In the last experiment, observers viewed pairs of image sequences and made direct pairwise comparisons while attending to the quality of motion, realism and detail in the garments. As expected, fabric detail became noticeably less distinct when in motion. Motion quality and image sharpness ratings improved with increasing frame rate, especially from 24 to 48 fps. Sharpness ratings were higher for 180° than for 358° shutter angle but the effect was small except at the lowest frame rate. Given the relatively weak effects of shutter angle, we conclude that aliasing and judder were stronger determinants of perceived detail than motion blur. Our results show that naive observers perceive enhanced detail in HFR film sequences of moving fabrics. We argue that this improved perception of detail could underlie both the positive and negative reactions to HFR film, depending on the nature of the content and whether it lends itself to such high fidelity.

The work is devoted to the creation and research of a model of a laser pulse location (LPL) system without the use of an electron-optical converter (EOC) as an external shutter. The system is designed to detect light reflecting objects (LROs), including optical and optoelectronic surveillance devices. The description of the hardware and capabilities of the created special software is presented. The results of measuring the dependence of the signal on the LRO rotation angle relative to the direction of the optical axis of the LPL system, on the distance to the object, and on the aperture of its lens are presented. The light reflecting characteristics (LRCs) of typical video recording devices in real conditions were experimentally determined. A method for calculating the maximum detection range of LROs in the presence of information about their LRCs by measuring an informative signal at obviously shorter ranges with an increased degree of aperture is proposed and demonstrated.

A classification of plate-type gas distribution grids used with fluidized bed apparatuses is proposed. A critical review of the most characteristic designs of porous, perforated, slot-hole, shutter, grating, scaly, bubble-plate, valve, and composite-type fluidized-bed grids developed by designers and inventors in the leading countries around the world is presented.

In current day security is very important. Nowadays, in all places many robberies are going on. In this security issue, lock is the major parameter. The trustworthy on the lock should me made improve. The lock may be for main door lock, baggage lock, shutter lock, grill door lock, interconnecting door lock etc. This project is based on arduino board and IOT. And also this can be used for main door and for locker door. This lock works based on the knocking pattern. The owners knocking pattern is stored in the register. When the knocking pattern is detected by the sensor, it passes it to the arduino board microcontroller. Based on the trustworthiness of the pattern the lock works. This framework is easy for installation. It can be implemented for commercial use also.

Printed circuit board (PCB) based drift tube ion mobility spectrometers enable the use of state-of-the-art production techniques to manufacture compact devices with excellent performance at minimum cost. The new PCB ion mobility spectrometer (PCB-IMS) presented here is equipped with either a 140 MBq tritium or a 95 MBq nickel-63 ionization source and consists of a combination of horizontally arranged 6-layer PCBs for the drift and reaction regions and vertically arranged PCBs for interfacing the ionization source, ion shutter, and detector. The design allows the reproducible manufacturing and thus comparison of different IMS topologies. Here, we investigate different ion shutters, field-switching, Bradbury-Nielsen, and tristate and their effects on resolving power and limits of detection considering two different ionization region geometries and ionization sources, tritium and nickel-63. It is shown that the high resolving power of RP > 80 at low drift voltage of 3 kV and short drift length of 50 mm can be achieved independent of the used ion shutter mechanism and reaction region geometry. While the resolving power of all ion shutters is excellent, the Bradbury-Nielsen shutter shows a pronounced discrimination of slow ion species when using short shutter opening times for small initial ion cloud widths, as required for high resolving power. Thus, the intensity of the proton-bound dimer of 2-pentanone is reduced by 30% compared to the signal intensity obtained with both the field-switching and tristate shutter. The detection limits employing the Bradbury-Nielsen shutter and a 50 mm reaction region as required for nickel-63 are 58 pptv for the protonated monomer and 3.4 ppbv for the proton-bound dimer of 2-pentanone. The detection limits achieved with the tristate shutter utilizing the same reaction region are slightly higher for the protonated monomer at 68 pptv, but lower for the proton-bound dimer at 2 ppbv due to the advanced ion shutter principle not discriminating slow ions. However, the lowest detection limits of 13 pptv and 301 pptv can be achieved with the field-switching shutter and a 2 mm reaction region, sufficient for a tritium ionization source.

Pavement distress assessment is a significant aspect of pavement management. Automated pavement crack detection is a challenging task that has been researched for decades in response to complicated pavement conditions. Current pavement condition assessment procedures are extensively time consuming, expensive, and labor-intensive. The primary goal of this paper is to develop a cost-effective and reliable platform using a red, green, blue, depth (RGB-D) sensor and deep learning detection models for automated pavement crack detection on a single-board ARM-based computer. To the best of our knowledge, for the first time, a pavement crack data set is prepared using a global shutter RGB-D sensor mounted on a car and annotated according to the Pascal visual object classes protocol, named PAVDIS2020. The proposed data set comprises 2,085 pavement crack images that are captured in a wide variety of weather and illuminance conditions with 5,587 instances of pavement cracks included in these images. A unified implementation of the Faster region-based convolutional neural networks and single shot multibox detector meta-architecture-based models is implemented to evaluate the accuracy, speed, and memory usage trade-off by using various convolutional neural networks-based backbones and various other training parameters on PAVDIS2020. The proposed pavement crack detection model was able to classify the cracks with 97.6% accuracy on PAVDIS2020 data set. The detection model is able to locate pavement crack patterns at the speed of 12 frames per second on a passively cooled Raspberry Pi 4 single-board computer.

This article presents a prototype $22.4~\mu \text{m}$ pixel pitch global shutter (GS) wide dynamic range (WDR) soft X-ray CMOS image sensor (sxCMOS). Backside-illuminated (BSI) pinned photodiodes with a 45- $\mu \text{m}$ thick Si substrate were introduced for low noise and high radiation hardness to high energy photons. Two-stage lateral overflow integration capacitor (LOFIC) and voltage domain memory bank with high-density Si trench capacitors were introduced for WDR and for GS. The developed sxCMOS achieved maximum 21.9 Me− full well capacity with a single exposure 129 dB dynamic range by GS operation. Over 70% quantum efficiency (QE) toward soft X-ray was successfully achieved. The developed prototype sxCMOS is a step forward toward a 4 M pixel detector system to be utilized in next-generation synchrotron radiation facilities and X-ray free-electron lasers.

The purpose of this study is to analyse the distribution pattern of centrifugal fertiliser distributor with two shutter holes and obtain the optimal position of the shutter holes for improved distribution uniformity. A simulation model of the centrifugal fertiliser distributor was generated by discrete element method (DEM). The behaviour of fertiliser particles on the spinner was analysed by the simulation and the simulation model was verified through a stationary distribution pattern test. The distributor design was modified using the verified simulation model to improve the distribution uniformity. The simulation results of the existing fertiliser distributor showed the amount of fertiliser applied on the right side of the machine was 1.59 times higher than the amount applied on the left (R/L ratio) and the coefficient of variation (CV) was 34.88% at stationary condition indicated non-uniform fertiliser distribution. As the position of the shutter holes was moved in the direction of rotation of the spinner (i.e. clockwise) the amount of fertiliser distributed towards the right side decreased. The shutter hole position accordingly adjusted to improve fertiliser distribution uniformity. When the optimal position of the shutter hole was used under stationary condition, the R/L ratio was close to 1.0, whilst the CV value decreased by approximately 50%. The optimal solution was also suitable during continuous application when applying at a width of 8 m since CV values were

Small motion can be induced from burst video clips captured by a handheld camera when the shutter button is pressed. Although uncalibrated burst video clip conveys valuable parallax information, it generally has small baseline between frames, making it difficult to reconstruct 3D scenes. Existing methods usually employ a simplified camera parameterization process with keypoint-based structure from small motion (SFSM), followed by a tailored dense reconstruction. However, such SFSM methods are sensitive to insufficient or unreliable keypoint features, and the subsequent dense reconstruction may fail to recover the detailed surface. In this paper, we propose a robust 3D reconstruction pipeline by leveraging both keypoint and line segment features from video clips to alleviate the uncertainty induced by small baseline. A joint feature-based structure from small motion method is first presented to improve the robustness of the self-calibration with line segment constraints, and then, a noise-aware PatchMatch stereo module is proposed to improve the accuracy of the dense reconstruction. Finally, a confidence weighted fusion process is utilized to further suppress depth noise and mitigate erroneous depth. The proposed method can reduce the failure cases of self-calibration when the keypoints are insufficient, while recovering the detailed 3D surfaces. In comparison with state of the arts, our method achieves more robust and accurate 3D reconstruction results for a variety of challenging scenes.

PURPOSE Recent studies indicate that FLASH irradiation, which involves ultra-high dose rates in a short time window (usually >40 Gy/s in

Manipulating underwater bubbles (UGBs) is realized on morphology-tailored or stimuli-responsive slippery lubricant-impregnated porous surface (SLIPS). Unfortunately, the volatile lubricants (e. g., silicone oil, ferrofluid) greatly decrease their using longevity. Designed is light-responsive paraffin-infused Fe3O4-doped slippery surface (LR-PISS) by incorporation of hybrid lubricants and superhydrophobic micropillar-arrayed elastometric membranes resulted from one-step femtosecond laser vertically scanning. Upon LR-PISS, the dynamic motion control bwteen pinning and sliding along free routes over UGB could be realized by alternately loading/discharging NIR-trigger. The underlying principle is that when the NIR was applied, UGB would be actuated to slide along the NIR trace because the irradiated domain melts for a slippery surface within 1.0 s. Once the NIR is removed, the liquefied paraffin would be reconfigured to solid phase for pinning a moving UGB within 0.5 s. Newly explored hydrokinetics imparts us with capability of steering UGBs to arrange any desirable patterns and switch light-path behaving as the light-control-light optical shutter. In comparison with previously reported SLIPS, current LR-PISS unfolds unparalleled ultrarobust antidisturbance ability even in flowing liquid ambient. More significantly, even subjected to physical damage, underwater LR-PISS is capable of in situ self-healing within 13 s under the assistance of remote NIR. The results here could inspire the design of robust bubble manipulator and further boost their applications in optofluidics and all-optical modulators.