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Four new species of the genus Camptoscaphiella Caporiacco, 1934 are described from Xizang, China, i.e., C. metok Tong & Li, sp. nov. (♂), C. shannan Tong & Li, sp. nov. (♂♀), C. trifoliata Tong & Li, sp. nov. (♂♀) and C. zayu Tong & Li, sp. nov. (♂♀). Morphological descriptions, photographic illustrations and a distribution map of the four new species are given.

The genus Khorata Huber, 2005 contains 51 species. It is distributed in the Indo-Malayan Region. Nine species have been recorded from Vietnam.Khorata ninhbinh sp. nov. is described as a new species from Vietnam. In addition, a list of all Khorata species from Vietnam is also provided.

A new species of the genus Bannana Tong & Li, 2015 and a new species of the genus Trilacuna Tong & Li, 2007 are recorded from Xishuangbanna, Yunnan Province: Bannana zhengguoi Tong & Li, sp. nov. (♂♀) and Trilacuna aoxian Tong & Li, sp. nov. (♂♀). An identification key to species of the genus Bannana from Xishuangbanna is provided. Detailed diagnoses, descriptions, and photomicroscopy images of new species are provided.

Only two Otacilia Thorell, 1897 species with troglobitic characteristics have been recorded from Laos and no records of troglobitic Otacilia species from China.A new troglobitic species is reported from Guangxi, China: Otacilia khezu Lin & Li, sp. nov. (♂♀). Photos and morphological descriptions of the new species are presented; the type specimens of the new species are deposited in the Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (IZCAS), Beijing.

Five new species of the genus Bifurcia are described: B. kangding sp. nov. (♂♀), B. labahe sp. nov. (♂), B. luding sp. nov. (♂♀), B. shuangqiao sp. nov. (♂♀), and B. xiaojin sp. nov. (♂♀) from western Sichuan, China. A distribution map of the species and illustrations of genital characters are provided in this paper.

Plumbagin (PLB), a naphthoquinone compound, has been proven to have anti-cancer properties in different types of cancers. However, the anti-tumor actions as well as molecular processes in osteosarcoma (OS) remain unclear. This study investigates the underlying mechanisms of PLB in human OS cells in vitro. Our study showed that PLB significantly inhibited the proliferation of human OS cells in a time- and dosage-dependent manner. RNA sequencing data revealed that the efficacy of PLB is related to cell cycle, cell death, and p38 MAPK signaling pathway in KHOS-240S cells. Further studies indicated that PLB triggers G2/M phase arrest, mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis, as well as ferroptosis in human OS cells. Mechanistically, PLB treatment increased ROS generation that activates the p38 MAPK signaling pathway. BIRB 796, a p38 MAPK inhibitor, partly reversed PLB-induced phase arrest of G2/M and cell death. Furthermore, N-acetylcysteine (NAC), a ROS scavenger, significantly decreased G2/M phase arrest and cell death and reversed p38 MAPK activation caused by PLB. In conclusion, PLB induces arrest G2/M arrest, apoptosis as well as ferroptosis in human OS cells via ROS generation and p38 MAPK activation. There is potential for PLB to be an effective treatment for OS.

In this study, eight new species are described from the subtropical parts of Yunnan Province in southwestern China: Belisana honghe Zhang, Li & Yao, sp. nov. (♂♀), B. jiuxiang Zhang, Li & Yao, sp. nov. (♂♀), B. lincang Zhang, Li & Yao, sp. nov. (♂♀), B. luxi Zhang, Li & Yao, sp. nov. (♂♀), B. tengchong Zhang, Li & Yao, sp. nov. (♂♀), B. tongi Zhang, Li & Yao, sp. nov. (♂♀), B. yongsheng Zhang, Li & Yao, sp. nov. (♂), and B. yunnan Zhang, Li & Yao, sp. nov. (♂♀). They add up to a total of 31 Belisana species from Yunnan in an updated list provided in this paper.

Five species of the genus Opopaea Simon, 1892 from southern China are recognised, including four new species: Opopaea mangun Tong & Li, sp. nov., Opopaea taibao Tong & Yang, sp. nov., Opopaea wenshan Tong & Zhang, sp. nov. and Opopaea yuhuang Tong & Li, sp. nov. from Yunnan and one newly-recorded species: Opopaea foveolata Roewer, 1963 from Hainan. Detailed diagnoses, descriptions and photomicroscopy images of new species are provided, based on specimens of both sexes. A key to species of the genus Opopaea from China is provided.

Background/objective: As the pivotal cellular mediators of bone resorption and pathological bone remodeling, osteoclasts have emerged as a prominent target for anti-resorptive interventions. Pinocembrin (PIN), a predominant flavonoid found in damiana, honey, fingerroot, and propolis, has been recognized for its potential therapeutic effects in osteolysis. The purpose of our project is to investigate the potential of PIN to prevent bone resorption in ovariectomized (OVX) mice by suppressing osteoclast production through its underlying mechanisms. Methods: The study commenced by employing protein-ligand molecular docking to ascertain the specific interaction between PIN and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) ligand (RANKL). Subsequently, PIN was introduced to bone marrow macrophages (BMMs) under the stimulation of RANKL. The impact of PIN on osteoclastic activity was assessed through the utilization of a positive TRAcP staining kit and a hydroxyapatite resorption assay. Furthermore, the study investigated the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in osteoclasts induced by RANKL using H2DCFDA. To delve deeper into the underlying mechanisms, molecular cascades triggered by RANKL, including NF-κB, ROS, calcium oscillations, and NFATc1-mediated signaling pathways, were explored using Luciferase gene report, western blot analysis, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Moreover, an estrogen-deficient osteoporosis murine model was established to evaluate the therapeutic effects of PIN in vivo. Results: In this study, we elucidated the profound inhibitory effects of PIN on osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption, achieved through repression of NF-κB and NFATc1-mediated signaling pathways. Notably, PIN also exhibited potent anti-oxidative properties by mitigating RANKL-induced ROS generation and augmenting activities of ROS-scavenging enzymes, ultimately leading to a reduction in intracellular ROS levels. Moreover, PIN effectively abrogated the expression of osteoclast-specific marker genes (Acp5, Cathepsin K, Atp6v0d2, Nfatc1, c-fos, and Mmp9), further underscoring its inhibitory impact on osteoclast differentiation and function. Additionally, employing an in vivo mouse model, we demonstrated that PIN effectively prevented osteoclast-induced bone loss resultant from estrogen deficiency. Conclusion: Our findings highlight the potent inhibitory effects of PIN on osteoclastogenesis, bone resorption, and RANKL-induced signaling pathways, thereby establishing PIN as a promising therapeutic candidate for the prevention and management of osteolytic bone diseases. The translational potential of this article: PIN serves as a promising therapeutic agent for the prevention and management of osteolytic bone diseases and holds promise for future clinical applications in addressing conditions characterized by excessive bone resorption. PIN is a natural compound found in various sources, including damiana, honey, fingerroot, and propolis. Its widespread availability and potential for therapeutic use make it an attractive candidate for further investigation and development as a clinical intervention.

Five new species and three known species of the genus Orchestina Simon, 1882 are recorded from Xishuangbanna, Yunnan Province: O. clavulata Tong & Li, 2011 (♂), O. colubrina Liu, Henrard & Xu, 2019 (♂♀), O. concava Tong & Li, sp. nov. (♂), O. menglun Tong & Li, sp. nov. (♂), O. subclavulata Tong & Li, sp. nov. (♂), O. truncatula Tong & Li, 2011 (♂♀), O. wengnan Tong & Li, sp. nov. (♂) and O. xui Tong & Li, sp. nov. (♂♀). The males of O. colubrina Liu, Henrard & Xu, 2019 is described for the first time. An identification key to species of the genus Orchestina from Xishuangbanna is provided.

Ten new species of jumping spiders are described from China, including Attulus jimani sp. nov. (♂♀) from Yunnan, Colaxes cibagou sp. nov. (♂♀), Epeus pengi sp. nov. (♂♀), Evarcha zayu sp. nov. (♂♀), Icius zang sp. nov. (♂♀), Pancorius nyingchi sp. nov. (♂♀), Stertinius liqingae sp. nov. (♂♀), and Synagelides medog sp. nov. (♀) from Xizang, S. tianquan sp. nov. (♂♀), and Yaginumaella erlang sp. nov. (♂♀) from Sichuan. The hitherto unknown female of Phintella longapophysis Lei & Peng, 2013 is described for the first time. Diagnostic photos and the distributional maps for all species are provided. Four new combinations are proposed: Epeus dilucidus (Próchniewicz, 1990), comb. nov., and E. guangxi (Peng & Li, 2002), comb. nov. transferred from Plexippoides Prószyński, 1984, Phintella sufflava (Jastrzębski, 2009), comb. nov. transferred from Carrhotus Thorell, 1891, and Yaginumaella armata (Jastrzębski, 2011), comb. nov. transferred from Pancorius Simon, 1902.

Abstract Single-cell transcriptomics has become the definitive method for classifying cell types and states, and can be augmented with genotype information to improve cell lineage identification. Due to constraints of short-read sequencing, current methods to detect natural genetic barcodes often require cumbersome primer panels and early commitment to targets. Here we devise a flexible long-read sequencing workflow and analysis pipeline, termed nanoranger, that starts from intermediate single-cell cDNA libraries to detect cell lineage-defining features, including single-nucleotide variants, fusion genes, isoforms, sequences of chimeric antigen and TCRs. Through systematic analysis of these classes of natural ‘barcodes’, we define the optimal targets for nanoranger, namely those loci close to the 5’ end of highly expressed genes with transcript lengths shorter than 4 kB. As proof-of-concept, we apply nanoranger to longitudinal tracking of subclones of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and describe the heterogeneous isoform landscape of thousands of marrow-infiltrating immune cells. We propose that enhanced cellular genotyping using nanoranger can improve the tracking of single-cell tumor and immune cell co-evolution.

Four new genera and 11 new species of Hahniidae Bertkau, 1878 are described. The new genera are Goblinia Lin & Li, gen. nov., with the type species G. tiane Lin & Li, sp. nov. (♂♀) from Guangxi, China; Myahnia Lin & Li, gen. nov., with the type species M. kanpetlet Lin & Li, sp. nov. (♂♀) from Chin, Myanmar; Troglohnia Lin & Li, gen. nov., with the type species Tr. qiubei Lin & Li, sp. nov. (♂♀) from Yunnan, China and Typhlohnia Lin & Li, gen. nov., with the type species Ty. rongshui Lin & Li, sp. nov. (♂♀) from Guangxi, China. Seven additional new species are described: Tr. dafang Lin & Li, sp. nov. (♂♀) from Guizhou, China; Tr. shidian Lin & Li, sp. nov. (♀) from Yunnan, China; Tr. wuding Lin & Li, sp. nov. (♂♀) from Yunnan, China; Ty. banlaksao Lin & Li, sp. nov. (♀) from Bolikhamxay, Laos; Ty. kaiyang Lin & Li, sp. nov. (♀) from Guizhou, China; Ty. sondoong Lin & Li, sp. nov. (♂♀) from Quang Binh, Vietnam and Ty. suiyang Lin & Li, sp. nov. (♀) from Guizhou, China.

The genus Wuliphantes Irfan, Wang & Zhang, 2023 is a small genus in the family Linyphiidae Blackwall, 1859, with only three species: W. guanshan (Irfan, Wang & Zhang, 2022), W. tongluensis (Chen & Song, 1988) and W. trigyrus Irfan, Wang & Zhang, 2023, all distributed in China.A new species: Wuliphantes yaan sp. nov. from Sichuan Province, China is reported. In addition, we re-described the type specimens of W. tongluensis (Chen & Song, 1988) that is similar to W. yaan sp. nov.

The spider genus Liphistius Schiødte, 1849 contains 69 species, endemic to Indochina and Southeast Asia. Only one species is currently known from the Chinese province of Yunnan: Liphistius nabang Yu, Zhang & Zhang, 2021.A new species, Liphistius liz Lin & Li, sp. nov., is described from Yunnan, China, on the basis of both sexes. Photos and a morphological description of the new species are provided.

Vappolotes Zhao & Li, 2019 is one of the troglophilous genera, with five known species. The previous description of V. tianjiayu from China was based solely on female specimens collected from caves in the Wuling Mountains in southern China without any males.The present study, deals with the first record of the male of V. tianjiayu from its type locality: Guluo Cave. The validation of species is based on the morphological characteristics of both male and female.

Three new species belonging to the kinabaluensis group of the trachelid genus Utivarachna Kishida, 1940 are reported from China and Vietnam: U. linyejiei sp. nov. (♂♀), U. tamdao sp. nov. (♂♀), and U. zhengguoi sp. nov. (♂♀). Type specimens are deposited in the Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (IZCAS) in Beijing, China and the Vietnam National Museum of Nature (VNMN) in Hanoi, Vietnam.

Four new species of the family Liocranidae are described from China and Vietnam. The new genus Sinocranum gen. nov., is erected to accommodate S. menghai sp. nov. (♂♀) from China. Further new species described include Koppe ninger sp. nov. (♀) from China, Xantharia baizilongi sp. nov. (♂♀) from China and X. cucphuong sp. nov. (♂) from Vietnam. In addition, Xantharia is transferred from Miturgidae to Liocranidae. Koppe and Xantharia are reported from China and Vietnam, respectively, for the first time.

BackgroundPneumoconiosis is the most important occupational disease all over the world, with high prevalence and mortality. At present, the monitoring of workers exposed to dust and the diagnosis of pneumoconiosis rely on manual interpretation of chest radiographs, which is subjective and low efficiency. With the development of artificial intelligence technology, a more objective and efficient computer aided system for pneumoconiosis diagnosis can be realized. Therefore, the present study reported a novel deep learning (DL) artificial intelligence (AI) system for detecting pneumoconiosis in digital frontal chest radiographs, based on which we aimed to provide references for radiologists.MethodsWe annotated 49,872 chest radiographs from patients with pneumoconiosis and workers exposed to dust using a self-developed tool. Next, we used the labeled images to train a convolutional neural network (CNN) algorithm developed for pneumoconiosis screening. Finally, the performance of the trained pneumoconiosis screening model was validated using a validation set containing 495 chest radiographs.ResultsApproximately, 51% (25,435/49,872) of the chest radiographs were labeled as normal. Pneumoconiosis was detected in 49% (24,437/49,872) of the labeled radiographs, among which category-1, category-2, and category-3 pneumoconiosis accounted for 53.1% (12,967/24,437), 20.4% (4,987/24,437), and 26.5% (6,483/24,437) of the patients, respectively. The CNN DL algorithm was trained using these data. The validation set of 495 digital radiography chest radiographs included 261 cases of pneumoconiosis and 234 cases of non-pneumoconiosis. As a result, the accuracy of the AI system for pneumoconiosis identification was 95%, the area under the curve was 94.7%, and the sensitivity was 100%.ConclusionDL algorithm based on CNN helped screen pneumoconiosis in the chest radiographs with high performance; thus, it could be suitable for diagnosing pneumoconiosis automatically and improve the efficiency of radiologists.

Three new zodariid spiders from the Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden in Yunnan, China are described. A new species of the genus Euryeidon Dankittipakul & Jocqué, 2004, E. dian sp. nov. (♂♀), and two new species of the genus Mallinella Strand, 1906, M. banna sp. nov. (♂) and M. mengla sp. nov. (♂), are described. Euryeidon is reported for the first time in China.

Species of the family Gnaphosidae Banks, 1892 were surveyed in Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, and nine species were found including two new genera and seven new species. The new monotypic genera are Meizhelan gen. nov., with the type species Meizhelan muhong sp. nov. (♂♀) and Yuqilin gen. nov., with the type species Y. lujunyi sp. nov. (♂♀). Five additional new species are described: Allomicythus suochao sp. nov. (♂♀); Hongkongia liutang sp. nov. (♂♀); Sernokorba ruanxiaoer sp. nov. (♂♀), Synaphosus leiheng sp. nov. (♂♀) and Sy. lijun sp. nov. (♂♀). The unknown male of A. kamurai Ono, 2009 and unknown female of H. wuae Song & Zhu, 1998 are described for the first time.

The theridiid spider genus Stemmops O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1894 includes 27 extant species and is distributed in America (23 spp.) and Asia (4 spp.). Three species, S. forcipus Zhu, 1998 (♂♀), S. nigrabdomenus Zhu, 1998 (♂) and S. nipponicus Yaginuma, 1969 (♂♀), are currently known from China.Two new species of Stemmops are described from China: S. atratus sp. n. (♀, Jiangsu, Zhejiang) and S. lini sp. n. (♂♀, Fujian, Zhejiang). In addition, the previously unknown female of S. nigrabdomenus Zhu, 1998 is described. Photos and morphological descriptions are provided.

Three new genera and eleven new species are reported from Hainan Island, China. The new genera are Logunattus gen. nov., including L. dufui sp. nov. (♂), and the generotype L. libaii sp. nov. (♂♀), Qiongattus yuanyeae gen. et sp. nov. (♂♀), and Spiralembolus gen. nov., including the generotype S. yinggeling sp. nov. (♂♀), and S. yui sp. nov. (♂♀). Another six new species are Carrhotus qingzhaoae sp. nov. (♂♀), Gedea liangweii sp. nov. (♂♀), Heliophanoides moi sp. nov. (♂), Indopadilla songi sp. nov. (♂♀), Myrmarachne mixiaoqii sp. nov. (♂♀), and Nandicius shihaitaoi sp. nov. (♂♀). The unknown female of the endemic species, Pancorius hainanensis Song & Chai, 1991 is also described for the first time. Diagnostic photos of these species are provided.

The spider genus Stiphropus Gerstaecker, 1873 currently includes 21 extant species that are distributed in Africa (12) and Asia (9). Four species, S. falciformus Yang, Zhu & Song, 2006, S. myrmecophilus Huang & Lin, 2020, S. ocellatus Thorell, 1887 and S. soureni Sen, 1964, are currently known from China.The mismatched female of S. falciformus is reported as a new species: S. qianlei sp. n. (♂♀). The unknown male of S. soureni Sen, 1964 is described for the first time. Photos and morphological descriptions are provided.

Six species of the family Corinnidae Karsch, 1880 are described from China and Vietnam. Fengzhen gen. nov. is erected to accommodate F. mengla sp. nov. (♂♀) from China; Peng gen. nov. is erected to accommodate P. birmanicus (Thorell, 1897), comb. nov., P. borneensis (Yamasaki, 2017), comb. nov. and P. taprobanicus (Simon, 1897), comb. nov., transferred from Sphecotypus O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1895. Further new species described include Allomedmassa tamdao sp. nov. (♂), Echinax baisha sp. nov. (♂), Medmassa lingshui sp. nov. (♂), and Spinirta shaoguan sp. nov. (♂). The male of P. birmanicus is described for the first time.

Baiyuerius gen. nov., a new genus of the subfamily Coelotinae F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1893 is described, including five new species: B. daxi sp. nov. (♀), B. pindong sp. nov. (♂), B. tamdao sp. nov. (♀), B. zhuping sp. nov. (♂) and B. zuojiang sp. nov. (♂♀), from southern China and northern Vietnam. Our molecular phylogenetic analyses support Baiyuerius gen. nov. as monophyletic and as a sister group of the newly established genus Yunguirius Li, Zhao & Li, 2023.

Five new species of the spider family Araneidae Clerck, 1757 from Vietnam are described: Araneus eugenei sp. nov. (♂♀), A. ethani sp. nov. (♀), A. liami sp. nov. (♂♀), Hypsosinga ryani sp. nov. (♂♀), and H. zioni sp. nov. (♀). Diagnostic photographs of the habitus and copulatory organs are provided. Types of the new species are deposited in the Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (IZCAS) in Beijing, China.

A new genus of the subfamily Coelotinae F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1893, Yunguirius gen. nov. is described, comprising two new species and three species previously described in Draconarius Ovtchinnikov, 1999, all from southwest China: Y. duoge sp. nov. (♀), Y. xiangding sp. nov. (♀), Y. ornatus (Wang, Yin, Peng & Xie, 1990) comb. nov. (♂♀) (the type species of Yunguirius gen. nov.), Y. subterebratus (Zhang, Zhu & Wang, 2017) comb. nov. (♀), and Y. terebratus (Peng & Wang, 1997) comb. nov. (♂♀). Molecular analyses support Yunguirius gen. nov. as a monophyletic group, with the Sinodraconarius clade as its sister group: Yunguirius gen. nov. + (Hengconarius + (Nuconarius + Sinodraconarius)).

Abstract Background Spiders comprise a hyperdiverse lineage of predators with venom systems, yet the origin of functionally novel spider venom glands remains unclear. Previous studies have hypothesized that spider venom glands originated from salivary glands or evolved from silk-producing glands present in early chelicerates. However, there is insufficient molecular evidence to indicate similarity among them. Here, we provide comparative analyses of genome and transcriptome data from various lineages of spiders and other arthropods to advance our understanding of spider venom gland evolution. Results We generated a chromosome-level genome assembly of a model spider species, the common house spider (Parasteatoda tepidariorum). Module preservation, GO semantic similarity, and differentially upregulated gene similarity analyses demonstrated a lower similarity in gene expressions between the venom glands and salivary glands compared to the silk glands, which questions the validity of the salivary gland origin hypothesis but unexpectedly prefers to support the ancestral silk gland origin hypothesis. The conserved core network in the venom and silk glands was mainly correlated with transcription regulation, protein modification, transport, and signal transduction pathways. At the genetic level, we found that many genes in the venom gland-specific transcription modules show positive selection and upregulated expressions, suggesting that genetic variation plays an important role in the evolution of venom glands. Conclusions This research implies the unique origin and evolutionary path of spider venom glands and provides a basis for understanding the diverse molecular characteristics of venom systems.

The spider genus Asceua Thorell, 1887 contains 34 species, almost entirely limited to Indochina, India, Sri Lanka and China, with a regional distribution. Eleven species of Asceua are currently only known from China, five of them are described only from one sex.Two new spider species of the genus Asceua are reported from China, A. haocongi sp. n. (♂♀, Hainan) and A. zijin sp. n. (♂♀, Jiangsu). Photos and a morphological description of the new species are provided.

Four species of the genus Ischnothyreus Simon, 1893 from Tibet, China are recognised, including three new species, I. caoqii sp. nov. (female), I. metok sp. nov. (female), and I. pome sp. nov. (male and female). Males of Ischnothyreus linzhiensis Hu, 2001 are discovered for the first time since its description. Descriptions, diagnoses, and photographs of the four species are provided.

A new genus and thirteen species of jumping spiders from northern Vietnam are reported. Zabka gen. nov. is erected to accommodate two species transferred from Euophrys Blackwall,1841, including the generotype, Z. cooki (Żabka, 1985), comb. nov., and Z. xuyei (Lin & Li, 2020), comb. nov. Twelve new species are described: Chinattus crewsae sp. nov. (♂♀), C. logunovi sp. nov. (♂♀), Eupoa maidinhyeni sp. nov. (♂♀), E. maddisoni sp. nov. (♂♀), E. ninhbinh sp. nov. (♂), E. zabkai sp. nov. (♂♀), Indopadilla cuc sp. nov. (♂♀), Synagelides ani sp. nov. (♂♀), S. mii sp. nov. (♂♀), S. pengi sp. nov. (♀), S. sancha sp. nov. (♂♀), and Yaginumaella hagiang sp. nov. (♂). The unknown male of Zabka cooki is described for the first time. Diagnostic photos of the habitus and copulatory organs are provided.

Liocranid spiders from the Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden in Yunnan, China are studied. Two new species of Oedignatha Thorell, 1881, O. dian Lu & Li, sp. nov. (♂♀) and O. menglun Lu & Li, sp. nov. (♂♀), are described, and the female of Jacaena menglaensis Mu & Zhang, 2020 is described for the first time. The specimens studied are deposited in the Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (IZCAS) in Beijing, China.

Eleven new species of Araneus Clerck, 1757 from Xishuangbanna, Yunnan, China are described: Araneus arcuatus sp. nov. (♂♀), A. bidentatus sp. nov. (♂♀), A. bidentatoides sp. nov. (♂♀), A. complanatus sp. nov. (♂♀), A. corrugis sp. nov. (♀), A. cucullatus sp. nov. (♀), A. minisculus sp. nov. (♂), A. ovoideus sp. nov. (♀), A. pseudodigitatus sp. nov. (♂♀), A. semiorbiculatus sp. nov. (♀), and A. tetracanthus sp. nov. (♂♀). Diagnostic photographs of the habitus and copulatory organs are provided.

The spider family Ctenidae Keyserling, 1877 has a worldwide distribution with 584 species belonging to 49 genera. Amongst these, 141 species are from Asia, including 130 species assigned to Cteninae Keyserling, 1877.Nine new species belonging to three genera of Cteninae are reported from Asia: Amauropelma krabi sp. n. (female; Krabi, Thailand), Am. phangnga sp. n. (male; Phang Nga, Thailand), Am. saraburi sp. n. (male and female; Saraburi, Thailand); Anahita medog sp. n. (male and female; Tibet, China); Bowie ninhbinh sp. n. (male; Ninh Binh, Vietnam) and B. vinhphuc sp. n. (male and female; Vinh Phuc, Vietnam) from the robustus-species group; B. borneo sp. n. (male; Sabah, Malaysia) from the chinagirl-species group; B. engkilili sp. n. (female; Engkilili, Malaysia); B. sabah sp. n. (male and female; Sabah, Malaysia) from the scarymonsters-species group. The male of An. popa Jäger & Minn, 2015 and the female of B. fascination Jäger, 2022 (robustus-species group) are described for the first time. B. fascination Jäger, 2022 is reported from China for the first time. In addition, the DNA barcodes of all the species in this study were obtained, except for B. vinhphuc sp. n.

Three cave-dwelling spider species belonging to the family Symphytognathidae Hickman, 1931, i.e., Anapistula sanjiao sp. nov. (♂♀), A. walayaku sp. nov. (♂♀), and A. panensis Lin, Tao & Li, 2013 (♂♀), are reported from southwest China. DNA sequences and detailed illustrations of the habitus, male palps and epigynes are provided, and their distributions are mapped. Their phylogenetic position within symphytognathids and relationships were tested and assessed using previously published phylogenetic analyses on symphytognathoids. The results showed that they form a clade with A. choojaiae Rivera-Quiroz, Petcharad & Miller, 2021 from Thailand.

The theraphosid spider genus Chilobrachys Karsch, 1892 contains 30 species, almost entirely limited to Indochina, India, Sri Lanka and China. Six species of Chilobrachys are currently known from China: C. dominus Lin & Li, 2022 (Yunnan), C. guangxiensis (Yin & Tan, 2000) (Guangxi, Hainan), C. hubei Song & Zhao, 1988 (Hubei, Chongqing), C. jinchengi Lin & Li, 2022 (Tibet), C. liboensis Zhu & Zhang, 2008 (Guizhou, Guangxi) and C. lubricus Yu et al., 2021 (Yunnan).A new species, Chilobrachys qishuoi Lin & Li, sp. n., is described from Guangdong, China, on the basis of both sexes. This is the easternmost Chilobrachys species known. Photos and a morphological description of the new species are provided. Type materials are deposited in the Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (IZCAS) in Beijing, China.

Thirteen spider species belonging to the family Mysmenidae Petrunkevitch, 1928 are reported from Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden (XTBG), Menglun Township, Mengla County, Yunnan Province of China. One genus and five species are documented as new to science: Mengmena banna gen. nov. et. sp. nov. (♂♀), Mengmena yulin sp. nov. (♀), Mosu heguomu sp. nov. (♂♀), Mysmena luosuo sp. nov. (♂♀), and Mysmena dai sp. nov. (♀). One species is proposed as a new combination: Mosu zhengi (Lin & Li, 2008) comb. nov. (♂♀, ex Mysmena Simon, 1894). The females of Microdipoena menglunensis (Lin & Li, 2008), Mysmena arcilonga Lin & Li, 2008, Mysmena furca Lin & Li, 2008, and Mysmena rostella Lin & Li, 2008 are described for the first time. Three known species are re-examined and photographed: Gaoligonga taeniata Lin & Li, 2014, Mysmena biangulata (Lin & Li, 2008), and Mysmena cornigera (Lin & Li, 2008). Morphological diagnoses and illustrations are provided for these thirteen mysmenid species.

A new mysmenid genus, Chimena gen. nov., is reported from China. Two new species: C. qiong sp. nov. (Hainan, ♂♀, the type species) and C. nantou sp. nov. (Taiwan, ♀) are illustrated and described in detail. A new combination is suggested: Chimena taiwanica (Ono, 2007) comb. nov. (Taiwan, ♂♀, transferred from Mysmena Simon, 1894). The molecular phylogeny and morphological characters were used to discuss the taxonomy and circumscription of the newly erected genus.

The spider family Ctenidae Keyserling, 1877 has a worldwide distribution with 580 species belonging to 49 genera, of which 109 species of six genera are distributed in Southeast Asia.Four new species of ctenid spiders are described from Southeast Asia: Anahita menglun sp. n. (Yunnan, China), Bowie haiphong sp. n. (Hai Phong, Vietnam), Bowie mengla sp. n. (Yunnan, China) and Bowie zhengi sp. n. (Yunnan, China). In addition, the female of Sinoctenus zhui Marusik, Zhang & Omelko, 2012 (Hainan, China) is described for the first time.

The genus Ibana Benjamin, 2014 was established, based on the type species Ibana senagang Benjamin, 2014 from Borneo, Malaysia. No species of this genus has been recorded from China.A new species of Ibana is described and illustrated, representing the first record of the genus for China. Ibana gan sp. n. differs from its congener by the yellowishbrown longitudinal band on the abdomen and the round, contiguous spermathecae. The distribution of the new species in Jiangxi Province is mapped.

Abstract Small modular reactors (SMR) have an exceptionally wide range of applications due to their flexibility. But the reactivity of SMR is more susceptible to disturbance than that of large commercial reactors, which may cause the core power to deviate from the set value, and the limited internal space makes it difficult for SMR to compensate or adjust for reactivity disturbance by setting a sufficient number of control rods as in large commercial reactors. Therefore, in order to improve the operational stability of SMR, a method is proposed to indirectly change the nuclear fuel temperature by adjusting the coolant flow rate and thus compensate the reactivity disturbance by the Doppler effect of nuclear fuel resonance absorption. Simulation experiments show that the method can effectively eliminate reactive disturbances that cannot be completely eliminated by control rods under the conditions of restricted SMR space and limited number of control rod sets, thus providing operational stability of SMR.

A new genus and eight new species of jumping spiders from Hainan Island, China are reported. Pengmarengo gen. nov. is erected to accommodate the type species P. yangi sp. nov. (♂♀). Further Pengmarengo gen. nov. species including P. chelifer (Simon, 1990), comb. nov. (transferred from Philates Simon, 1900), P. elongata (Peng & Li, 2002), comb. nov. (transferred from Tauala Wanless, 1988), and two species transferred from Indomarengo Benjamin, 2004: P. yui (Wang & Li, 2020), comb. nov., and P. wengnan (Wang & Li, 2022), comb. nov. Another seven new jumping spider species are described from Hainan: Irura liae sp. nov. (♂), I. mii sp. nov. (♂♀), Marengo ganae sp. nov. (♂♀), M. zhengi sp. nov. (♂♀), Nungia tangi sp. nov. (♂♀), Philates zhoui sp. nov. (♂♀), and Toxeus hainan sp. nov. (♂♀). The unknown female of the endemic species, Irura pengi Guo, Zhang & Zhu, 2011 is also described for the first time.

One new genus and eight new species from Xishuangbanna, China are described and diagnosed: Bocusoides zhaoi gen. and sp. nov., Euochin mii sp. nov. (♂♀), E. tangi sp. nov. (♀), Eupoa logunovi sp. nov. (♂♀), Indomarengo wengnan sp. nov. (♀), Laufeia zhangae sp. nov. (♂♀), Simaetha huigang sp. nov. (♂♀), and Synagelides cheni sp. nov. (♀). The unknown sexes of three endemic species, Chalcovietnamicus lii (Lei & Peng, 2010) comb. nov. (ex Chalcoscirtus Bertkau, 1880), Indomarengo yui Wang & Li, 2020, and Rhene triapophyses Peng, 1995 are described for the first time.

Edelithus gen. nov. is described based on the discovery and description of two new species from Xishuangbanna, Yunnan Province, China: E. puer sp. nov. and E. shenmiguo sp. nov. Both species are described in detail and illustrated. Types are deposited in the Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (IZCAS) in Beijing, China.

Amauropelma Raven, Stumkat & Gray, 2001 currently contains 24 species. It is distributed in Australia, India, Indonesia, Laos and Malaysia. This genus has not been found in China. Ctenus Walckenaer, 1805 comprises 213 known species. This genus is distributed worldwide. Currently, only two species, Ctenus lishuqiang Jäger, 2012 and Ctenus yaeyamensis Yoshida, 1998 are known to occur in China.Three new species of ctenid spiders are described from Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden in Yunnan Province, China: Amauropelma yunnan sp. nov., Ctenus banna sp. nov. and Ctenus yulin sp. nov. Amauropelma and Ctenus robustus Thorell, 1897 are reported from China for the first time.

The biography of Dr Yuri Mikhailovich Marusik is presented, and his scientific life illuminated on the occasion of his 60th birthday. Yuri is a renowned specialist of spiders. He has described 718 new species, 57 new genera, and two new subfamilies of order Araneae. Twenty-five species and one genus have been dedicated to him. Facts and impressions are given as well as a bibliography of his 545 publications.

Troglomorphism is rare known in Mygalomorphae. Only three troglomorphic mygalomorphs have been recorded in China: Raveniola beelzebub Lin & Li, 2020, R. lamia Yu & Zhang, 2021 and Sinopesa gollum Lin & Li, 2021.A new troglobiontic species of the genus Raveniola is described from China: R. yangren sp. n. (female) from Hunan. Photos and morphological description of the new species are given.This new species has elongated appendages and degenerated eyes in order to adapt to the cave environment. It can be distinguished by the stubby, unbranched spermathecae from other Raveniola.

Haplocosmia Schmidt & von Wirth, 1996 is a small genus distributed in the Himalayas that includes two species. This genus has not been found in China (Li et al. 2021, Yao et al. 2021, Zhao et al. 2022).A new species of the genus Haplocosmia is described from China: Haplocosmia sherwoodae sp. n. from Tibet. Photos and a morphological description of the new species are given. The type specimen of the new species is deposited in the Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences in Beijing (IZCAS).