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Nodal marginal zone lymphoma (NMZL) is a type of low-grade B-cell lymphoma arising in the follicular marginal zone of the lymph nodes. It is an extremely rare disease that accounts for 1.5 %–1.8 % of all malignant lymphomas. We herein report a case of nodal marginal zone lymphoma arising in the submental region. A 45-year-old woman was referred to our hospital because of swelling of the submental region. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography revealed 2 masses measuring 25 and 10 mm in diameter in the submental region, and the inside of the masses showed uniform enhancement. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a low signal intensity on T1-weighted imaging and high signal intensity on T2-weighted images. Given these findings, the clinical diagnosis was submental tumor. We performed lymphadenectomy under general anesthesia. The histopathological diagnosis was NMZL. Subsequently, the patient was referred to the Department of Hematology, and a general examination was performed. There were no B symptoms, such as a fever or weight loss, and no lesions were found at other sites. The patient was ultimately diagnosed with Stage IA disease by Ann Arbor staging. At present, 26 months have passed, and the postoperative course has been uneventful.

The surgical technique and grafting materials used for sinus lift augmentation and simultaneous implant insertion were developed in the mid 1970s. New procedures were developed in the 1980s, in which iliac bone grafts were fixed to the residual ridge with implants. Today, less invasive techniques with lower morbidity have been developed for small bone defects, such as crestal elevation through the implant site. To treat severe atrophy and a bone height of less than 3–5 mm, other approaches are advantageous, such as the Caldwell-Luc entry. Depending on the severity of the situation, iliac crest bone block grafting guarantees high quantities of good bone for sinus augmentation. This report evaluates the usefulness of fixing the iliac crest bone block with implants. This technique significantly reduces the healing and waiting times and the number of operations.

Manual operation of the catheter is inaccurate in minimally invasive surgery, requires dexterous and efficient manipulation for the catheter and exposes the surgeons to intense radiation. A novel robotic catheter manipulating system has been developed with remote navigation to reduce the performance error and irradiation to surgeons. In addition, unlike the conventional technique which requires surgeons to manipulate the catheter using their hands, remote systems always have removed surgeons’ hands and replaced from joystick and handle, thus withdrawing their unique skills and experience. The proposed novel robotic catheter manipulating system presented that surgeon could manipulate the catheter that is same to the surgeons’ often use. The surgeon console (the master side) used to measure the axial and radial motions of input catheter transferred to the catheter manipulator (the slave side). Also, we designed the haptic device in the surgeon console and proximal measurement mechanism of resistance force in the catheter manipulator to provide the force feedback feeling and get the resistance force during input catheter. Performance evaluation of system was conducted to test both the dynamic and static performance of manipulation and synchronization between master and slave side. Finally, tele-operation has been done by endovascular evaluator (EVE) simulator. The experimental results showed the system has the ability to be a training system for neurosurgeons and to complete the clinical interventional surgery in the future.

Fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD) is a non-atherosclerotic, non-inflammatory arterial disease of unknown etiology. We report a 26-year-old woman who presented with transient ischemic attack (TIA) due to bilateral internal carotid artery (ICA) occlusion and severe basilar artery stenosis, as FMD was diagnosed by a biopsy specimen of right ICA. Imaging investigations included magnetic resonance angiography and catheter angiogram without characteristic "string of beads" pattern, before reaching a definitive diagnosis by pathologist. Anti-platelet therapy and bypass surgery of superficial temporal artery-middle cerebral artery revealed no more clinical symptoms. This case of intra- and extra-cranial FMD gives a consideration of such rare disease in the differential diagnosis of TIA or stroke in healthy young patients. The literature of FMD is reviewed including pathological findings.

Patients using low-dose aspirin (LDA) have an increased risk of gastroduodenal mucosal lesions and upper gastrointestinal symptoms. We aimed to clarify the efficacy of rabeprazole for preventing peptic ulcer, esophagitis, and gastrointestinal symptoms associated with LDA.Patients with a history of peptic ulcers who were receiving LDA for cardiovascular or cerebrovascular disease were randomly assigned to receive rabeprazole at 10 mg daily, rabeprazole at 20 mg daily, or gefarnate (a cytoprotective anti-ulcer agent) at 50 mg twice daily. The primary endpoint was the development of gastric and/or duodenal ulcer at 12 weeks. The modified Lanza score (MLS) and gastrointestinal symptoms were evaluated at baseline and at 12 weeks.The full analysis set comprised 261 patients (rabeprazole 10 mg: n = 87, rabeprazole 20 mg: n = 89, gefarnate 100 mg: n = 85). The cumulative incidences of gastroduodenal ulcers at 12 weeks in the 10 mg rabeprazole group, 20 mg rabeprazole group, and gefarnate group were 7.4, 3.7, and 26.7 %, respectively (rabeprazole group 5.5 % vs. gefarnate group 26.7 %, hazard ratio [HR] 0.179; 95 % confidence interval [CI] 0.082-0.394; p0.0001). The proportions of patients with an MLS of ≥1 and erosive esophagitis were significantly lower in the rabeprazole group than in the gefarnate group at 12 weeks (gastric lesions 33.5 vs. 62.4 %, p0.0001; duodenal lesions 5.7 vs. 24.7 %, p0.0001; erosive esophagitis 5.8 vs. 19.4 %, p0.0001). Rabeprazole was significantly more effective than gefarnate for the resolution and prevention of gastrointestinal symptoms (resolution 53.6 vs. 25.0 %, p = 0.017; occurrence 9.2 vs. 28.3 %, p = 0.0026).Rabeprazole is more effective than gefarnate for reducing the risk of recurrence of peptic ulcer, esophagitis, and gastrointestinal symptoms in LDA users.

Manual operation of steerable catheter is inaccurate in minimally invasive surgery, requiring dexterity for efficient manipulation of the catheter, and it exposes the surgeons to intense radiation. The authors’ objectives are to develop a robotic catheter manipulating system that replaces the surgeons with high accuracy. Increasing demands for flexibility and fast reactions in a control method, fuzzy control (FC) can play an important role because the experience of experts can be combined in the fuzzy control rules to be implemented in the systems. They present a practical application of a fuzzy PID control to this developed system during the remote operations and compare with the traditional PID (Proportional-Integral-Derivative Controllers) control experimentally. The feasibility and effectiveness of the control method are demonstrated. The synchronous manipulation performance with the fuzzy PID control is much better than using the conventional PID control method during the remote operations.

Objectives: To investigate the efficacies of two different triple-therapy regimens (standard versus low doses), and the influence of cytochrome P450 enzyme (CYP) genetic polymorphism on these efficacies, in Japanese patients undergoing Helicobacter pylori eradication treatment. Methods: All patients received 1 week of triple therapy. Patients in group A (low-dose regimen) received omeprazole 40 mg/day + amoxicillin 1500 mg/day + clarithromycin 800 mg/day; patients in group B (standard-dose regimen) received omeprazole 40 mg/day + amoxicillin 2000 mg/day + clarithromycin 1000 mg/day. Results: A total of 225 patients (113 in group A and 112 in group B) were randomised to one of the two triple-therapy regimens. The eradication rates were 78.8% (89/113 patients; 95% CI 70.1, 85.9) in group A and 83.0% (93/112 patients; 95% CI 74.8, 89.5) in group B. Genetic polymorphism of CYP2C19, a major metabolic enzyme of omeprazole, did not affect eradication rates, while susceptibility to clarithromycin greatly affected the success of eradication. The cumulative ulcer relapse rate at 24 weeks after endoscopically documented ulcer healing (30 weeks after completion of the drug regimen) was 8.3% for group A and 12.5% for group B (log rank test: p = 0.6248). However, comparison of the cumulative relapse rate of 6.7% in patients after successful H. pylori eradication with the relapse rate of 27.3% in those who failed H. pylori eradication revealed a significant difference in the remission-time curve (log rank test: p = 0.0047). This finding suggested the existence of a relationship between H. pylori eradication failure and ulcer relapse. Both drug regimens were well tolerated. Endoscopically proven reflux esophagitis developed in about 10% of patients after eradication, but was not clinically significant. Conclusions: One week of triple therapy with a low-dose regimen provides adequate H. pylori eradication in Japanese patients. CYP genetic polymorphism is of minimal clinical significance with both triple-therapy regimens.

Mesenchymal chondrosarcoma is rare malignant tumor of skeletal and extraskeletal origin. This neoplasm shows aggressive local behavior and has a high metastatic potential. The long-term prognosis is poor.We report a mesenchymal chondrosarcoma occurring in the mandible of a 46-year-old man who had a painless mass in right side of the mandible, measuring 45×15 mm. Pathological examination of a biopsy specimen suggested a spindle cell sarcoma, but the diagnosis was unable to be confirmed. Mesenchymal chondrosarcoma was diagnosed on histopathological examination of the resected specimen. This tumor does not respond to chemotherapy or radiation. Complete resection is essential for a good outcome. The patient was closely observed without any additional treatment, and there has been no evidence of recurrence or metastasis 1 year 4 months after operation.

We reported a rare case of spindle cell lipoma of the tongue. A 56-year-old man was referred to our department because of a painless swelling on the right tip of the tongue. A clinical examination revealed a mobile, well-demarcated, mass of the tongue that measured 35mm in diameter. A histopathological diagnosis of a solitary fibrous tumor was made on examination of a biopsy specimen. The tumor was removed surgically with the patient under general anesthesia. Histopathological examination of the surgical specimen showed a spindle cell lipoma. There have been no signs of recurrence in the approximately 11 months since the operation.

口腔癌治療後の再発症例の初期症状について, 特に疼痛を中心とした自覚的初期症状と再発の関連について検討した。対象は1976年1月から2000年12月までに当科にて根治目的に治療した口腔癌のうち, 局所再発または頸部再発した50例とした。臨床的, または病理組織学的に再発と診断した時期より以前に発現した症状を初期症状とし, その初期症状を自覚症状と他覚症状に分けて, 症状の種類と発現時期を検討した。特に自覚症状については, 口腔癌患者のうち再発・転移ともに認めなかった50症例を対照群として, 発現率を比較した。そして, 最後に自覚症状の治療法別, および進展度による出現率の違いを検討した。結果は, 口腔癌再発症例50例のうち35例, 70%に何らかの自覚症状が発現し, そのうち32例が疼痛で, その発現時期は, 平均で再発診断日の44日前で, 他覚的症状の25日前と比較して, 有意に早期に発現していた。対照群50例と比較した場合, 再発症例は自覚症状の出現率は70%で, 対照群の14%と比較し有意に高頻度に自覚症状が発現し, その自覚症状の出現の有無は, 一次治療の方法や進展度とは関連が小さい結果となった。疼痛を中心とした自覚症状が, 治療法や進展度とは関係なく, 再発の早期発見に有効であり, 患者の訴えの要性を今更ながら再確認する結果となった。

口腔癌に対するRa針組織内照射の適応範囲を検討するため, 根治目的にRa針組織内照射を実施した口腔扁平上皮癌93例を検討した。組織内照射の適用の基準は, 長径5cm以下で深さが2cm以内とした。舌82例, 口底10例, 口唇1例に対しRa針組織内照射を実施した。Ra針全体での局所制御率は92.5%で, 後発転移率は32.3%で外科的治療に劣らない治療成績であった。5年生存率は64.9%で, 局所制御率と後発転移率の結果から考えれば満足できる結果ではなかった。この原因は, 局所再発症例の治療成績の低さによると考えられ, 局所再発と放射線潰瘍を正確に区別し, 早期に後治療を実施することが重要と思われた。初診時にリンパ節転移を認めた症例は, 局所の照射のうちに, 頸部郭清術を実施したが, N1症例の5年生存率が83.3%に対しN2以上では40.6%と大きく低下し有意差を認めた。これらの結果から長径が5cm以下で深さが2cm以内, 初診時N1までであれば, Ra針組織内照射によって, 良好な治療成績が期待できると考えられた。

Acute organoaxial gastric volvulus with paraesophageal hernia was detected by upper gastrointestinal endoscopy in a 75-year-old female patient. Endoscopic reduction of gastric volvulus was initially performed and a nasogastric tube was inserted into the jejunum. The introduction of oral intake resulted in vomiting and a barium meal study suggested recurrence of gastric volvulus. Endoscopic reduction was then performed, and a percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube was inserted to anchor the stomach to the anterior abdominal wall. The tube was removed 15 weeks later, and the patient has remained asymptomatic to date.

1978年から1994年までに都立駒込病院口腔外科でRa針組織内照射を実施した舌癌N0症例53例を対象とした。Ra針に外部照射または化学療法を併用することの有効性を検討するため, 対象をRa針単独群, 外部照射を平均26.1Gy併用した外部照射併用群, CDDP, BLM, MTXなどを併用した化学療法併用群の3群に分けて, 後発転移, 局所再発, 放射線障害, などについて検討した。Ra針単独群は34例 (T1: 8, T2: 24, T3: 2) , 外部照射併用群8例 (T1: 1, T2: 6, T3: 1) , 化学療法併用群11例 (T1: 4, T2: 6, T3: 1) であった。後発転移はRa針単独群が34例中9例, 外部照射併用群が8例中1例, 化学療法併用群が11例中3例で外部照射併用群が良好であった。局所再発はRa針単独群が34例中2例, 外部照射併用群が8例中1例, 化学療法併用群が11例中1例と併用効果は認められなかった。放射線障害は, Ra針単独群が34例中2例, 外部照射併用群が8例中2例, 化学併用群で11例中0例で外部照射併用群が障害が多い傾向を認めた。

Manual operation of steerable catheter is inaccurate in minimally invasive surgery and requires dexterity for efficient manipulation of the catheter meanwhile exposes surgeons to intense radiation. In this paper, our objective is to develop a remote control system that replaces the manipulation of surgeons with high accuracy and precision. The system identification for nonlinear discrete time is presented by NARX (Nonlinear ARX) method. Input force signal and output displacement signal have been measured experimentally as the reference item to identify the system dynamic equation by using Matlab toolbox. After analyzed and compared with 3 kinds of typical system mathematical model, the dynamic characteristic of system was shown that the system could be locally described in terms of a suitable NARX model and it guarantees local stability and robust.

Manual operation of steerable catheter is inaccurate in minimally invasive surgery and requires dexterity for efficient manipulation of the catheter meanwhile exposes the surgeons to intense radiation. In this paper, our objective is to develop a remote control system that replaces the manipulation of surgeons with high accuracy. Increasing demands for flexibility and fast reactions in control method, fuzzy control can play an important role because the experience of experts can be combined in the fuzzy control rules to be implemented in the systems. We present a practical application of fuzzy PID controller for this developed system during the remote operations and compare with the traditional PID control experimentally. The feasibility and effectiveness of the control method are demonstrated. The performance using the fuzzy PID control is much better than using the conventional control method.

In this paper, a novel robotic catheter system was proposed, which can be used to assist surgeon to do the operation of vascular interventional surgery (VIS), the robotic catheter system can measure the contact force and friction between catheter and blood vessel, we used load cell to measure the friction between catheter and blood vessel, the friction can be transmitted to the operator's hand as feedback force, and this method was not paid attention in the past research, furthermore, we used an optical fiber force sensor to measure the contact force between catheter tip and blood vessel, the contact force information can be transmitted to the operator as visual information in real time. Meanwhile, the optical fiber force sensor is through inside the catheter as a guide wire, which is served to lead catheter forward. We did the simulation experiment (“In Vitro”) by using endovascular evaluator (EVE), the experimental results indicated that the developed robotic catheter system works well, and they can effectively assist surgeon to do the operation and improve safety during VIS.

This paper presents a novel robotic catheter system for MIS (minimally invasive surgery), we developed a PID controller to the robotic catheter system for improving the stability and consistency, and also, we do the experiment to evaluate the feasibility of developed PID controller, the developed robotic catheter system can be used for training unskilled surgeons to do the operation of intravascular neurosurgery. The novel robotic catheter operating system has good maneuverability, it can simulate surgeon's operating skill to insert and rotate catheter. The characteristic evaluations (rotating motion and inserting motion) have also been done to verify the validity of the system, the experimental results indicated that the stability and responsibility of system were good, the robotic catheter system was fitting to be used for training unskilled surgeons to do the operation of intravascular neurosurgery.

Manual operation of intracardiac steerable catheter is inaccurate, requires dexterity for efficient manipulation of the catheter, and exposes the surgeons to intense radiation. This paper presents a robot-assisted catheter manipulation system with force feedback, monitor and a master-slave tele-operation system. We developed the mechanical system and applied it in the slave side to guarantee the manipulation safety in intravascular neurosurgery applications. The force information can be obtained from the load cell. When the catheter contacted to the vascular, the surgeon can feel the force feedback and avoids the damage. The experiments indicate that the proposed force feedback robotic catheter system can work well and facilitate the manipulation, avoid potential damages.

In this paper, a new master-slave robotic catheter system for minimally invasive surgery (MIS) has been proposed, it can be used for training unskilled surgeons to do the operation of intravascular neurosurgery. Comparing with the previous catheter operating systems, the new master-slave robotic catheter operating system has good maneuverability. The new master-slave robotic catheter operating system can simulate surgeon's operating skill to insert and rotate catheter. The characteristic evaluations (rotating motion and inserting motion) have also been done to verify the validity of the system, the evaluated results indicated that the stability and responsibility of system were good, the robotic catheter system was fitting to be used for training unskilled surgeons to do the operation of intravascular neurosurgery.

Catheter-based interventions are a type of minimally invasive operation which can reduce hospitalization time and greatly decrease patient morbidity compared to traditional methods. The accuracy of catheter manipulation is limited by the doctor for operating over the length of the catheter. Traditional catheters with master-slave operating system can potentially provide the desired manipulation of a catheter, but hysteresis makes it difficult to control the actuators. A method to integrate high-precision, compliant sensors on the master-slave operation system to provide position feedback for control would greatly improve the viability of transmitting catheters. In this work, we described the design of a novel robotic catheter system, in addition, made the simulation and experiments of the catheter operating system in master side with PID controlling method. The master side exhibited excellent stability over the operating range and are designed to be easily operated when the doctors use it to do the surgery.

Cytomegalovirus infection is an opportunistic infections that occurs at an incidence of 40% in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. It is very rare in the oral cavity. We describe the case of a 39-year-old man who had cytomegalovirus gingivitis. At presentation, the patient complained of pain of the left side of the upper and the right side of the lower gingiva. We found large depressions and edematous granulation tissue at these sites. Large bone defects appeared on panorama X-ray film. Clinically, malignant lymphoma was suspected, but pathological examination revealed cytomegalovirus gingivitis. Ganciclovir was prescribed for 4 weeks, and the right lower third molar was extracted. After treatment, edematous guanulation and gingival pain disappeared. Cytomegalovirus had apparently invaded the endothelium of blood vessels, inducing circulatory failure, which resulted in the formation of large bone defects.

To evaluate the accuracy of imaging diagnosis, we compared cervical lymph nodes with clinical evidence of metastasis on palpation, computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The subjects comprised 28 patients with oral cancer who underwent radical neck dissection. The clinical criteria for positive lymph nodes was a diameter of 15mm or more in the submental and submandibular region, or 10mm or more in the deep cervical region. Lymph nodes with ring-like or heterogeneous enhancement on CT or MRI and those that were hard on palpation was also considered positive.Histopathologically, 55 lymph nodes were confirmed to have metastasis. Among these 55 positive nodes, 27 were diagnosed positive by palpation, 35 were diagnosed positive by CT, and 38 were diagnosed positive by MRI. There was a significant difference between palpation and MRI (p

The objective of this research is to develop the small-size and light weight window cleaning robot. The prototype of window cleaning robot has been developed. The dimensions of prototyped robot are approximately 300mm x 300mm x 100mm and its weight is approximately 3 kg. The prototyped robot consists of two independently driven wheels and an active suction cup. The control system which includes traveling direction controller using accelerometer and traveling distance controller using rotary encoder and edge sensors ware installed for autonomous operation. This paper includes background and objectives of this research, prototyped mechanical systems, moving control system, experimental result of basic traveling control and window wiping motion by comparing to with or without of motioned control system, some discussions in each experiment and a conclusion.

The purpose of this research is to develop the window cleaning robot for cleaning a single large windowpane such as a show window. It requires the following demands to apply the window cleaning robot for the practical use: 1) Clean the corner of window because fouling is left there often. 2) Sweep the windowpane continuously to prevent making striped patterns on a windowpane. The keys of mechanisms are the rotatability of the mobile part around the other parts and the continuous locomotion in order to achieve the above points. The former enables the robot to change the direction with keeping its position and attitude at the corner of window. The latter is necessary for preventing leaving the striped pattern on a windowpane. We designed the continuous motion using two-wheel locomotion with adhering on the windowpane using a suction cup. The dimensions of prototype are approximately 300 mm times 300 mm times 100 mm and its weight is approximately 3 kg. In order to achieve autonomous operation, attitude control system has been developed and its effect has measured on the vertical window with prototyped robot. Result of some experiments, the robot trajectory has been recorded, and effects has discussed. This paper includes five chapters. The first chapter mentions background and objectives of this research, and also introduces the concept of window cleaning robot. The second chapter illustrates prototyped mechanical systems used for experiments and moving path of window cleaning. The third chapter explains statics model of the window on the vertical window and developed moving control system. The fourth chapter shows experimental result of basic traveling control and window wiping motion by comparing to with or without of motioned control system and says some discussions in each experiment. The fifth chapter gives a conclusion

Solitary rectal ulcer syndrome (SRUS) is a benign disorder that is sometimes misdiagnosed as malignant, which leads to unnecessary surgical treatment. On the other hand, SRUS is also difficult to distinguish from inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which is at high risk for developing colorectal cancer. In this regard, the diagnosis of SRUS associated with IBD is more complicated than that of each disease alone. We herein report the first case of SRUS associated with ulcerative colitis (UC).

This paper proposes a novel master-slave robotic catheter operating system with force feedback and visual feedback for vascular interventional surgery (VIS). The robotic catheter system has good manoeuvrability, it can transmit the surgeon’s skill to insert and rotate the catheter and avoids danger during VIS using force and visual feedback. In addition, it can be used to train unskilled surgeons to perform VIS. We performed a simulation experiment to validate our system using an endovascular evaluator (EVE). The experimental results demonstrated that the stability and response of the system were good. The robotic catheter system is suitable for performing VIS.

An arteriovenous malformation of the pancreas is a very rare disease, but its presentation is distinct and unique. In this report, we describe a patient who presented with this malformation which was localized in the tail of pancreas and demonstrated by abnormal angiography findings. The patient was a 60-year-old male with severe left hypochondralgia. Angiography revealed an increased blood volume in the tail of the pancreas with arteriovenous shunting. Secondary pancreatitis caused by the arteriovenous malformation was suspected by abnormal laboratory data, and confirmed by histology from the resected tail of the pancreas. This is a very rare report in which pancreatic arteriovenous malformation involving a pancreatico-venous fistula was confirmed by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP).

The absorption, distribution, and urinary excretion of 1-(5-oxohexyl) theobromine (BL 191) after oral administration (400 mg/kg) or intravenous injection (25 mg/kg) were studied in rats, using thin-layer chromatography and colorimetry. At the same time, identification of the chemical structure on 4 metabolites of BL 191 in the urine was made. Plasma BL 191 levels reached a maximum within 10 min-1 hr after the oral administration and declined linearly thereafter. BL 191 was no longer detected in plasma 24 hr after the administration. After the intravenous administration, BL 191 was rapidly eliminated from plasma and could not be found 6 hr after the administration. The experiment in rats with the ligated pylorus revealed that a considerable amount of BL 191 administered was absorbed from the stomach as well as from the duodenum and the small intestine after the oral administration. In the organs like the brain, heart, liver, lung, and kidney and the skeletal muscle examined, BL 191 was found to approximately the same extent 10 min after the oral administration and showed the time-course similar to that of plasma levels. BL 191 and its metabolites were rapidly excreted largely in the urine. The total amount excreted in the urine was 1.3% and 68.3% of the dose administered as unchanged BL 191 and as the metabolites, respectively, and most of the excretion was carried out within 24 hr after the administration. 1-(4, 5-Dihydroxyhexyl) theobromine and 1-(3-carboxypropyl) theobromine were main urinary metabolites of BL 191.

The chemical composition distribution (CCD) of a high-conversion sample of styrene–methyl acrylate statistical copolymer was determined by thin-layer chromatography (TLC). The CCD was compared with the CCD determined by cross fractionation and also with that calculated theoretically in our previous work. The agreement among the three CCD’s was sutisfactory.

The anti-tumor activity of endotoxin (LPS), derived from E. coli O127, on the subcutaneous tumor MH134 inoculated into C3H/He mice in vivo was examined. On repeated examination, LPS administration of 50-100 micrograms/head induced a 50% complete cure rate. However, pretreatment with K76COONa inhibited the anti-tumor activity of LPS, and no case of cure could be found. These results showed that the main anti-tumor activity of LPS administration consisted of complementary activation, mainly from the C5 step. The fact that the intraperitoneal administration of human complement activated serum with agar apparently inhibited the tumor growth in vivo certified these phenomena.