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Abstract Responsive feeding serves as an important protective factor for infant growth and overall health development. This study based on self‐determination theory (SDT) aimed to assess the effects of a responsive breastfeeding (RBF) intervention programme on maternal breastfeeding and infant growth and development. A total of 110 mother–infant pairs were recruited and randomly divided into an intervention group (n = 55) and a control group (n = 55). The primary outcomes were breastfeeding motivation score, breastfeeding self‐efficacy (BSE) and exclusive breastfeeding rate; the secondary outcomes were infant physical development at 6 weeks and 3 months. A repeated measures ANOVA indicated that the intervention group had significantly higher Enjoyment scores compared to the control group at three time points: at discharge (MD: 5.28; 95% CI: 3.68 to 6.89; p

Abstract Background Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a multifactorial gastrointestinal disease with high morbidity and mortality among premature infants. However, studies with large samples on the factors of NEC in China have not been reported. This meta-analysis aims to systematically review the literature to explore the influencing factors of necrotizing enterocolitis in premature infants in China and provide a reference for the prevention of NEC. Methods PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), China Biomedical Literature Database (CBM), Wanfang and VIP databases were systematically searched from inception to February 2023. We used Stata14.0 software to perform the systematic review and meta-analysis. We used fixed or random effects models with combined odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), and quality was evaluated using the Newcastle‒Ottawa Scale (NOS). Results The total sample was 8616 cases, including 2456 cases in the intervention group and 6160 cases in the control group. It was found that 16 risk factors and 3 protective factors were related to necrotizing enterocolitis in premature infants. Septicemia (OR = 3.91), blood transfusion (OR = 2.41), neonatal asphyxia (OR = 2.46), pneumonia (OR = 6.17), infection (OR = 5.99), congenital heart disease (OR = 4.80), intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) (OR = 2.71), mechanical ventilation (OR = 1.44), gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) (OR = 3.08), respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) (OR = 3.28), hypoalbuminemia (OR = 2.80), patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) (OR = 3.10), respiratory failure (OR = 7.51), severe anemia (OR = 2.86), history of antibiotic use (OR = 2.12), and meconium-stained amniotic fluid (MSAF) (OR = 3.14) were risk factors for NEC in preterm infants in China. Breastfeeding (OR = 0.31), oral probiotics (OR = 0.36), and prenatal use of glucocorticoids (OR = 0.38) were protective factors for NEC in preterm infants. Conclusions Septicemia, blood transfusion, neonatal asphyxia, pneumonia, infection, congenital heart disease, ICP, GDM, RDS, hypoproteinemia, PDA, respiratory failure, severe anemia, history of antibiotic use and MSAF will increase the risk of NEC in premature infants, whereas breastfeeding, oral probiotics and prenatal use of glucocorticoids reduce the risk. Due to the quantity and quality of the included literature, the above findings need to be further validated by more high-quality studies.

BackgroundPreterm infants have imperfect neurological development, uncoordinated sucking-swallowing-breathing, which makes it difficult to realize effective oral feeding after birth. How to help preterm infants achieve complete oral feeding as soon as possible has become an important issue in the management of preterm infants. Non-nutritive sucking (NNS), as a useful oral stimulation, can improve the effect of oral feeding in preterm infants. This review aimed to explore the effect of NNS on oral feeding progression through a meta-analysis.MethodsWe systematically searched PubMed, CINHAL, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane databases, China's National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang and VIP database from inception to January 20, 2024. Search terms included 'non-nutritive sucking' 'oral feeding' and 'premature.' Eligibility criteria involved randomized controlled studies in English or Chinese. Studies were excluded if they were reviews, case reports, or observational studies from which valid data could not be extracted or outcome indicators were poorly defined. The meta-analysis will utilize Review Manager 5.3 software, employing either random-effects or fixed-effects models based on observed heterogeneity. We calculated the mean difference (MD) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for continuous data, and estimated pooled odds ratios (ORs) for dichotomous data. Sensitivity and publication bias analyses were conducted to ensure robust and reliable findings. We evaluated the methodological quality of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) utilizing the assessment tool provided by the Cochrane Collaboration.ResultsA total of 23 randomized controlled trials with 1461 preterm infants were included. The results of the meta-analysis showed that NNS significantly shortened time taken to achieve exclusive oral feeding (MD = -5.37,95%CI = -7.48 to-3.26, pConclusionNNS improves oral feeding outcomes in preterm infants and reduces the time to reach full oral feeding and hospitalization length. However, this study was limited by the relatively small sample size of included studies and did not account for potential confounding factors. There was some heterogeneity and bias between studies. More studies are needed in the future to validate the effects on weight gain and growth in preterm infants. Nevertheless, our meta-analysis provides valuable insights, updating existing evidence on NNS for improving oral feeding in preterm infants and promoting evidence-based feeding practices in this population.

Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common malignancies, with an ever-increasing incidence and high mortality rate. Chromobox4 (CBX4), also named hPC2, is a small ubiquitin-related modifier (SUMO) E3 ligase. Previous studies have found that high CBX4 expression is associated with tumor size, pathologic differentiation and decreased patient survival in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the expression and prognostic value of CBX4 in GC have not been clarified. In our study, ONCOMINE, UALCAN, Kaplan-Meier Plotter, cBioPortal, DAVID 6.8 and TIMER were utilized. RT-PCR, immunohistochemistry (IHC), Western blot, CCK-8 assay, cell apoptosis assay, cell cycle assay were used to further verify in GC tissue samples or cell line. The transcriptional and protein level of CBX4 in GC tissues was found significantly elevated and a significant association between the expression of CBX4 and clinicopathological parameters was found in GC patients. Low expression of CBX4 in GC patients were correlated with a significantly improved prognosis. The functions of CBX4 are primarily related to the stem cell pluripotency signaling pathway, Hippo signaling pathway, HTLV-I infection, Notch signaling pathway, and N-glycan biosynthesis. Our results may provide novel insights for the selection of therapeutic targets and prognostic biomarkers for GC.

A high prevalence of Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) infection in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has been reported in many case reports and studies; thus, the association between EBV and IBD has gained increasing attention. Patients with IBD are at an increased risk of opportunistic EBV infection owing to the common use of immunomodulators. EBV infection in IBD patients can cause various complications, including superimposed viral colitis, which is associated with chronicity, exacerbation, and poor prognosis of refractory IBD, and can induce progression to lymphoproliferative disorders, such as EBV-positive mucocutaneous ulcer (EBVMCU), lymphomatoid granulomatosis (LYG), hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). It has been suggested to screen for EBV before initiating immunosuppressive therapy and monitor the status of EBV infection in patients with IBD, especially those who are EBV-seronegative and have a risk of primary EBV infection. Clinicians should also be careful of misdiagnosing IBD and EBV-associated lymphoproliferative diseases due to similarities in both clinical symptoms and endoscopic manifestations. Withdrawal of immunosuppressants has been shown to be an effective strategy to achieve remission of disease at the time of EBV diagnosis, but antiviral therapy remains controversial. The present review aims to describe the characteristics of the complications caused by EBV infection and generalize the recent research progress on and challenges caused by EBV infection in IBD patients. The literature for writing this review was collected from ‘PubMed’ research engine. The keywords ‘inflammatory bowel disease and Epstein–Barr virus’ or ‘ulcerative colitis and Epstein–Barr virus’ or ‘Crohn’s disease and Epstein–Barr virus’ were used to collect the literature and relevant papers were collected to help writing this review.

Light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b binding (Lhc) proteins play a key role in the efficiency of the photosynthetic system of plants and participate in the regulation of plant growth, development, and the response to abiotic stress. In this study, 28 PbrLhc genes of the family were identified in the pear Pyrus bretschneideri genome database, which were distributed on 25 of the 27 chromosomes. Phylogenetic relationship analysis demonstrated that PbrLhc proteins could be divided into five subfamilies. Using MEME Suite, PlantRegMap, and Softberry, the conserved motifs, transcription binding sites, and predicated location of all PbrLhc proteins, respectively, were determined. A collinearity relationship using MCScanX software showed that there was a collinearity relationship between different PbrLhc genes. Using the hierarchical clustering method to develop a heat map of gene expression, five genes were found to be down-regulated under irrigation treatment and up-regulated under drought treatment; seven genes were up-regulated under irrigation treatment and down-regulated under drought treatment. Finally, the results of these analyses will provide theoretical basis for future study on the function and differential expression of PbrLhc genes in response to drought stress.

Background Methylxanthine, including caffeine citrate and aminophylline, is the most common pharmacologic treatment for apnea of prematurity. However, due to the lack of high-quality evidence, there are no clear recommendations or guidelines on how to choose between caffeine and aminophylline. Objective This meta-analysis aimed to assess the comparative efficacy and safety of caffeine and aminophylline for apnea of prematurity, and provide reliable evidence for clinical medication in the treatment for apnea of prematurity. Methods PubMed, Scopus, Embase, EBSCO, Web of Science, and Cochrane databases were systematically searched from May 1975 to June 2022. Results Ten studies including a total of 923 preterm infants were evaluated. Our results showed that there was no significant difference in the effective rate of 1-3days between caffeine and aminophylline (OR 1.05, 95%CI: 0.40–2.74, P = 0.914). However, for side effects such as tachycardia (OR 0.22, 95%CI: 0.13–0.37, PConclusion This meta-analysis reveals that caffeine citrate and aminophylline have similar therapeutic effectiveness on respiratory function, but caffeine has fewer side effects and should be considered first for treatment.

With the rapid growth of data scale and diversification of demand, people have an urgent desire to extract useful frequent itemset from datasets of different scales. It is no doubt that the traditional method can solve the problem. However, the relationships among datasets of different scales are not fully utilized. A fast approach proposed in this paper is as follows: the frequent itemsets on the large-scale data are directly inferred based on the frequent itemsets that are belonged small-scale datasets, instead of mined from the large-scale dataset again on condition that the frequent itemsets on the small-scale datasets have been mined. We conduct extensive experiments on one synthetic data and four UCI data sets. The experimental results show that our algorithm is significantly faster and consumes less memory than these leading algorithms.

The NONEXPRESSOR OF PATHOGENESIS-RELATED GENES 1 (NPR1) plays a master regulatory role in the salicylic acid (SA) signal transduction pathway and plant systemic acquired resistance (SAR). Members of the NPR1-like gene family have been reported to the associated with biotic/abiotic stress in many plants, however the genome-wide characterization of NPR1-like genes has not been carried out in Chinese pear (Pyrus bretschneideri Reld). In this study, a systematic analysis was conducted on the characteristics of the NPR1-like genes in P. bretschneideri Reld at the whole-genome level. A total nine NPR1-like genes were detected which eight genes were located on six chromosomes and one gene was mapped to scaffold. Based on the phylogenetic analysis, the nine PbrNPR1-like proteins were divided into three clades (Clades I–III) had similar gene structure, domain and conserved motifs. We sorted the cis-acting elements into three clades, including plant growth and development, stress responses, and hormone responses in the promoter regions of PbrNPR1-like genes. The result of qPCR analysis showed that expression diversity of PbrNPR1-like genes in various tissues. All the genes were up-regulated after SA treatment in leaves except for Pbrgene8896. PbrNPR1-like genes showed circadian rhythm and significantly different expression levels after inoculation with Alternaria alternata. These findings provide a solid insight for understanding the functions and evolution of PbrNPR1-like genes in Chinese pear.

The in vitro organoid model is a major technological breakthrough that has been established as an important tool in many basic biological and clinical applications. This near-physiological 3D culture system accurately models various biological processes, including tissue renewal, stem cell/niche functions and tissue responses to drugs, mutations or damage. Organoids have the potential value of being an accurate model for disease predictions or drug screening applications and to identify the ideal treatment for that patient. Carcinogenesis can be modeled by mutating specific cancer genes in wild-type organoids; and patient-derived organoids provide an important resource in the development of personalized cancer treatment. Organoids from cancer patients could be used to identify the ideal treatment for a specific patient by growing matched healthy and diseased organoids from human cancer patients which additionally enables clinical screens for drug combinations. Organoids could also provide autologous cells or—in the future—tissue for transplantation. In this review, we discuss the current advances, challenges and potential applications of this technique in gastrointestinal neoplasms. Keywords: Gastrointestinal neoplasms, Intestinal stem cells, Living biobanks, Personalized medicine, Stem cell niches, Wnt signaling

Objective: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the common malignant tumors worldwide. Chromobox (CBX) family proteins are important components of epigenetic regulation complexes and are implicated in the development of multiple cancers by blocking differentiation and promoting proliferation. However, little is known about the function of distinct CBX proteins in colorectal cancer.Methods: Oncomine, Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA), Kaplan-Meier plotter, cBioPortal, GeneMANIA, and TIMER were utilized to analyze differential expression, prognostic value, genetic alteration and immune cell infiltration of CBXs in colorectal cancer patients.Results: The expression levels of CBX1/2/3/4/5 and CBX8 were significantly elevated in CRC tissues, whereas the expression levels of CBX6/7 were reduced. CBX3 was significantly associated with the clinical cancer stage and short disease-free survival (DFS) in CRC patients. High mRNA expression of CBX5/6 was associated with short overall survival (OS) in rectal cancer patients. CBX3/5/6 could be potential prognostic biomarkers for the survival of CRC patients. Moreover, the functions of the differentially expressed CBXs were primarily related to the SUMOylation of DNA methylation proteins and chromatin organization and may regulate the pluripotency of stem cells. The expression of CBXs were significantly correlated with the infiltration of diverse immune cells, including six types of CD4+ T cells, macrophages, neutrophils, B cells, CD8+ T cells, and dendritic cells in colon cancers and rectal cancers.Conclusions: Our study may provide novel insights for the selection of prognostic biomarkers of CBX family in colorectal cancer.

Although Phosphatidylethanolamine-binding protein (PEBP) genes have been identified in several plants, little is known about PEBP genes in pears. In this study, a total of 24 PEBP genes were identified, in which 10, 5 and 9 were from Pyrus bretschneideri genome, Pyrus communis genome and Pyrus betuleafolia genome, respectively. Subsequently, gene structure, phylogenetic relationship, chromosomal localization, promoter regions, collinearity and expression were determined with these PEBP genes. It was found that only PbFT from PEBP genes of P. bretschneideri was relatively highly expressed in leaves during flower bud differentiation. Whereas, expression patterns of TFL1 homologues, gene23124 and gene16540, were different from PbFT in buds. The expression pattern and the treatment of reduction day-length indicated that the expression of PbFT in leaves were regulated by day-length and circadian clock. Additionally, the phenotype of transgenic Arabidopsis suggested that PbFT played a role in not only promoting flower bud differentiation, but also regulating the balance between vegetative and reproductive growth. These results may provide important information for further understanding of the evolution and function of PEBP genes in pears.

Objective: Osteosarcoma often requires multidisciplinary treatment including surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy. However, tumor behavior can vary widely among patients and selection of appropriate therapies in any individual patient remains a critical challenge. Radiomics seeks to quantify complex aspects of tumor images under the assumption that this information is related to tumor biology. This study tested the hypothesis that a radiomic signature extracted from Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance images (DWI-MRI) can improve prediction of overall survival (OS) compared with clinical factors alone in localised osteosarcoma. Materials/Methods: Pre-treatment DWI-MRI were collected from 112 patients (9–67 years of age) with histological-proven osteosarcoma that were treated with curative intent. The entire dataset was divided in two subsets: the training and validation cohorts containing 76 and 24% of the data respectively. Clinical data were extracted from our medical record. Two experienced radiotherapists evaluated DWI-MRIs for quality and segmented the tumor. A total of 103 radiomic features were calculated for each image. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression was applied to select features. Association between the radiomics signature and OS was explored. Further validation of the radiomics signature as an independent biomarker was performed by using multivariate Cox regression. The Cox proportional-hazard regression model was also used to analyze the correlation between the prognostic factor and the survival for the clinical (C) model after the univariate analysis. Radiomics (R) model identified radiomics signature, which is the best predictor from the radiomic variable classes based on LASSO regression. Harrell's C-index was used to demonstrate the incremental value of the radiomics signature to the traditional clinical risk factors for the individualized prediction performance. Results: Cox proportional-hazard regression model shows that: Tumor size, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) status before treatment and number of courses of chemotherapy were proven as the dependent clinical prognostic factors of osteosarcoma's overall survival time. The radiomics signature was significantly associated with OS, independent of clinical risk factors (radiomics signature: HR: 5.11, 95% CI: 2.85, 9.18, P

In China, caregivers for family members with schizophrenia play an important role in treatment and recovery but may experience stigma and discrimination simply because of their family relationship. The object of this study was to measure the degrees and correlates of stigma and discrimination experiences among this group. Four hundred twenty-seven caregivers participated in this hospital-based and cross-sectional study in Ningbo and Guangzhou, China. Data were collected by trained interviewers using fixed questionnaires. Stigma and discrimination experiences were measured by the Modified Consumer Experiences of Stigma Questionnaire (MCESQ). Caregivers' social support was measured by the Social Support Rating Scale. Parametric analysis, nonparametric analysis and multivariate linear regression were used. The mean (SD) score of MCESQ was 2.44(0.45), 2.91(0.71) for stigma experiences and 1.97(0.37) for discrimination experiences on a five-point score ("1 = never" and "5 = very often"). Approximately 65% of caregivers reported that they tried to conceal their family members' illness, and 71% lacked the support of friends. The experience of stigma was significantly negatively associated with the perceived social support of caregivers (standard β = -0.2,p

A new clonal selection immune algorithm with perturbation guiding search and non-uniform hypermutation (nCSIA) is proposed based on the idea of perturbed particle swarm algorithm and non-uniform mutation. The proposed algorithm proportional clones antibody based on the affinity, adaptively adjusts the searching steps of antibodies with hypermutation according to the adaptive variation rule of non-uniform mutation and chooses the promising antibody based on the affinity by clonal selection principle. In order to keep the balance of exploration/exploitation better, perturbation guiding search strategy is presented, which is actually an elitist learning mechanism and is borrowed from the perturbed particle swarm algorithm. In order to validate the effectiveness of nCSIA, comprehensive experiments and analysis are done based on fifteen unimodal or multimodal benchmark functions. Compared with standard and the recent algorithms, it indicates that the proposed algorithm is feasible, effective and has better performance in terms of convergence, accuracy and stability. More evident predominance emerges from further experimental comparisons with expanding search space and increasing dimensions.

The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic has precipitated a surge in mask usage around the world. This situation could spur environmental consequences which when not well managed, may compound waste and waste management, and further drive the spread of viral infections. Therefore, this study explores the antecedents of mask waste separation behavior in Ghana using an integrated model composed of the theory of planned behavior and the norm activation model. With the use of the questionnaire survey approach, data was drawn from 570 respondents, and further analyzed using the structural equation modeling technique. Results revealed that the relationship between awareness of consequences and other constructs, except attitude, and the relationship between ascription of responsibility and other constructs, except attitude, are significant. Moreover, significant relationships between subjective norm and attitude, subjective norm and personal norm, and subjective norm and perceived behavior control were validated. However, no significant relationship exists between awareness of consequences and attitude, and between awareness of responsibility and attitude. On the basis of the study findings, insightful implications for policy and suggestions for future research are presented., Author(s): Vincent Ekow Arkorful [sup.1] , Benjamin Kweku Lugu [sup.2] , Zhao Shuliang [sup.3] Author Affiliations: (1) Department of Government and International Studies, HongKong Baptist University, , Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, [...]

As global governments continue to inoculate populations in the aftermath of the SARS-CoV-19 epidemic, health protection and related problems such as vaccination reluctance have sparked conflicting emotions and discourses. Stakeholder concerns about vaccination promotion have arisen in this context. Consequently, this research investigates vaccination uptake behavior using an integrated framework that includes protective motivation theory and an extended version of the theory of planned behavior. Except for perceived severity, empirical study results based on the structural equation modeling technique demonstrated a positive relationship between PMT factors (i.e. perceived vulnerability, reaction efficacy, self-efficacy, and cost response) and intention to vaccinate. TPB factors (attitude, perceived behavior control, subjective norm, personal moral norm, and descriptive norm) were also found to have a positive connection with intention. The model's utility and suitability are indicated by the predictive and explanatory potency score (R2 =.415). Study implications for COVID-19 vaccine uptake promotion and ideas for future investigations are explored in light of our findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The recent perennial spate of flooding in Ghana has over the years caused hemorrhagic loss to lives and properties. In view of the inundation phenomenon, issues of waste management have been shot into prominence. The key among dominant suggestions to counteracting the situation has essentially converged around waste separation, which is an under researched area in Ghana. Against this background, the research seeks to investigate household waste separation behavior using an integrated theory of planned behavior and the norm activation model as the theoretical framework. Data were drawn using the questionnaire survey method and further analyzed using the structural equation modeling technique. The empirical results of data analysis drawn from 707 households confirmed a significant relationship between awareness of consequences and attitude, and subjective and personal norms. Subjective norm is significantly related to attitude and perceived behavior control. Moreover, attitude has a positive relationship with behavioral intention, whereas the relationship between perceived behavior control and behavioral intention is not significant. Finally, personal norm has a significant relationship with behavioral intention. The results also confirmed that the integrated model is useful and appropriate for predicting behavior. From the results, implications for pursuing and forging household waste separation behavior and suggestions for future research are outlined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]