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The most common tissue matrix polysaccharide that is seen in the connective tissues, skin, synovial joints, as well as other tissues in abundance, is hyaluronic acid (HA). HA is a natural polysaccharide (glycosaminoglycan) and an anti-inflammatory agent, utilized in different medical fields including dermatology, orthopaedics, dentistry, and ophthalmology. In this review, we collected information from the various online databases, to study the application of HA in treatment of periodontal diseases and as healing agent of oral tissues. The data collected was analysed and presented in this review, elaborating its role as an antiinflammatory, antibacterial and healing agent, specifically in diseases of the periodontium. HA has been established for its tissue-healing, repair and regeneration properties and hence has been widely used in the management of periodontal diseases as an adjuvant. It has also been used in other specialties of dentistry due to its properties of pain-alleviation, socket healing, clot stabilization, etc. In this review, a detailed structure of HA, its properties, functions, safety and its adverse effects, along with its efficacy as a treatment modality in periodontal disease are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) is common in children and adolescents. Respiratory disorders during sleep are of particular importance during childhood. The pediatric sleep questionnaire (PSQ), developed by Chervin et al. (2000), investigated the presence of childhood sleep-related breathing disorders and prominent symptom complexes, including snoring, daytime sleepiness, and related behavioral disturbances. Pediatric dentists are well positioned to screen patients at risk for sleep disorders and, when adequately trained, contribute to their correction. PSQ is a valid and reliable instrument that can be used to identify SDBs or associated symptom constructs in clinical research when polysomnography is not feasible, can be used over a broad age range, and provides a more comprehensive assessment than other questionnaires. Occlusal disorders are risk factors for developing sleep and breathing disorders. Objectives: To assess sleep problems through screening questionnaire and the association of SDB with Angle's molar relationship in permanent dentition in 8-13-year-old children. Methodology: One hundred and three children aged 8-13 years reporting to the department were assessed for developing malocclusion using angle classification. Their parents were administered prevalidated PSQ for assessing SDB by a single, calibrated examiner. Primary outcomes were SDB score and angle class of malocclusion. Modifying variables assessed were age and gender. Results: SDB is associated with angle class II and class III malocclusion. Conclusion: Pediatric dentists can observe and guide the developing dentition and also explore and treat the cause as much as intercepting the problem as early as possible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present study we have evaluated the immunopotentiating activity of Rhodiola aqueous extract (RAE) in rats. The efficacy of RAE was determined by using strong antigen tetanus toxoid (TT) and weak antigen Ovalbumin (OVA). The dynamic changes in humoral and cell-mediated immune response were measured. The results indicated that the TT specific immunoglobulin levels were significantly enhanced by RAE and were at par with complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA). The level of OVA induced antibody response was also enhanced by RAE. It was observed that TT and OVA in combination with CFA or RAE could evoke a significant delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) response, confirming its potential to generate strong cell-mediated immunity (CMI). The anti-inflammatory or immunosuppressive effect of RAE was evaluated in adjuvant-induced arthritis model (AIA). RAE could not suppress the swelling response. Therefore, this study suggests that RAE has adjuvant/immunopotentiating activity in terms of humoral as well as cell-mediated immune response against strong antigen like TT and weak antigen like OVA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Periodontitis is a prevalent condition significantly affecting oral health. Comorbid conditions, such as diabetes, can heighten the severity of periodontal disease and overall oral health. Therefore, to enhance oral health and manage comorbid conditions, comprehensive periodontal care is essential. This approach could involve using toothpaste containing antimicrobial ingredients in routine oral care. This paper presents the results of an in vitro study analysing the antimicrobial properties of the test formulation containing zinc citrate, alum, sodium fluoride, and xylitol-based toothpaste (Stolin-R). These ingredients work together to help in providing comprehensive oral care by controlling growth of bacteria majorly responsible for periodontal disease and thus maintaining optimal oral hygiene., Aim: To determine the antimicrobial properties of zinc citrate, alum, sodium fluoride, and xylitol-based toothpaste formulation against key periodontal pathogens through in vitro analyses., Materials and Methods: The antimicrobial efficacy of test formulation is evaluated through minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), and time-dependent antibacterial assessment against key periodontal pathogens, including Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Prevotella intermedia, Streptococcus mutans , and Bacteroides fragilis ., Results: The test formulation demonstrated potent antimicrobial effectiveness against Bacteroides fragilis, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, Streptococcus mutans , and Tannerella forsythia , by exhibiting low MIC and MBC. Additionally, significant bacterial reduction, exceeding 99.99%, was observed within five minutes, emphasising its potential as an effective adjunct in combating periodontal infection., Conclusion: Zinc citrate, alum, sodium fluoride, and xylitol-based toothpaste formulation demonstrates significant antimicrobial activity against key periodontal pathogens, suggesting its potential as an effective agent for maintaining oral health and combating gingival infection., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright © 2024, Shukla et al.)