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Garbage collection (GC) plays a pivotal role in the performance of 3D NAND flash memory, where Copyback has been widely used to accelerate valid page migration during GC. Unfortunately, copyback is constrained by the parity symmetry issue: data read from an odd/even page must be written to an odd/even page. After migrating two odd/even consecutive pages, a free page between the two migrated pages will be wasted. Such wasted pages noticeably lower free space on flash memory and cause extra GCs, thereby degrading solid-state-disk (SSD) performance. To address this problem, we propose a page-state-aware cache scheme called PSA-Cache , which prevents page waste to boost the performance of NAND Flash-based SSDs. To facilitate making write-back scheduling decisions, PSA-Cache regulates write-back priorities for cached pages according to the state of pages in victim blocks. With high write-back-priority pages written back to flash chips, PSA-Cache effectively fends off page waste by breaking odd/even consecutive pages in subsequent garbage collections. We quantitatively evaluate the performance of PSA-Cache in terms of the number of wasted pages, the number of GCs, and response time. We compare PSA-Cache with two state-of-the-art schemes, GCaR and TTflash, in addition to a baseline scheme LRU. The experimental results unveil that PSA-Cache outperforms the existing schemes. In particular, PSA-Cache curtails the number of wasted pages of GCaR and TTflash by 25.7% and 62.1%, respectively. PSA-Cache immensely cuts back the number of GC counts by up to 78.7% with an average of 49.6%. Furthermore, PSA-Cache slashes the average write response time by up to 85.4% with an average of 30.05%.

A novel dual-emission photoluminescent (PL) nano-materials of carbon dots-copper nanoclusters (CDs-CuNCs) nano-composites is prepared for excellent sensitivity and selectivity toward Hg2+. The nano-composites are composed of blue photoluminescent CDs and red photoluminescent CuNCs with similar excitation wavelengths through the electrostatic assembly. The red photoluminescence of CuNCs was inhibited by the nano-composites exposed to Hg2+, while the blue photoluminescence of CDs remained stable. The color of the nano-composites slowly changed from pink to blue with the added of Hg2+ concentration. The limit of detection (LOD) of the nano-composites is 0.31 nmol/L (nM) toward Hg2+ in aqueous solution, when the signal to noise ratio is 3. In addition, a visual PL test paper is prepared. When the Hg2+ solution is added, the color of test paper transforms from pink to blue immediately. Therefore, the nano-composites are very important for efficient and sensitive detection of Hg2+, which show broad application prospects in environmental analysis, food safety detection, biological detection and medical diagnosis in daily life.

This paper proposes a deduplication-based mixed page strategy, called DM-Pages, to improve the energy efficiency of disk storage systems and the cache performance. DM-Pages strives to improve the cache hit rate, simultaneously reduce the number of power-state transitions of a disk storage system and keep it in a low-power state as long as possible. DM-Pages deploys three innovative techniques. It adjusts the size of huge pages dynamically to maximize the cache hit rate. Meantime, content-aware deduplication is applied to eliminate redundant cache pages, targeting to enhance cache utilization. In addition, DM-Pages incorporates a mixed page mechanism into disk energy management to save energy. Our experimental results show that DM-Pages significantly improves the energy efficiency of disk storage systems and achieves a high cache hit rate. In particular, compared with traditional disk storage systems, DM-Pages conserves 6.59 times energy and improves the cache hit rate up to 3.36 times.

Dissimilar brazing of Ti2AlNb-based alloy and Ni-based wrought superalloy (GH536) was studied using NiCrFeSiB filler metal. The Ti2AlNb/GH536 joints were analyzed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with an electron probe micro-analyzer (EPMA), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The formation mechanism of interfacial microstructure and mechanical properties of Ti2AlNb/GH536 joints were studied. The results indicated that Ti2Ni(Al,Nb), AlNi2Ti and TiB2 reaction layers were formed in the joint adjacent to Ti2AlNb base metal. These layers resulted in high micro-hardness and the weak link of the joint. γ solid solution was formed through isothermal solidification and β1-Ni3Si phase precipitated in the γ solid solution during cooling process. Ni3B, β1-Ni3Si and CrB phases appeared in the centre of the joint. Blocky and needle-like borides formed within the diffusion affected zone of GH536 base alloy. The maximum tensile strength of Ti2AlNb/GH536 joints reached 425 ​MPa ​at room temperature and the strength value of 373 ​MPa was maintained at 923 ​K.

Ti47Cu38−xZr7.5Fe2.5Sn2Si1Ag2Pdx (x = 1, 2, 3, and 4 atomic percent, at. pct) bulk metallic glasses (BMGs) with potential for biomedical applications were fabricated by copper-mold casting. The Ti-based BMGs exhibited high glass-forming ability (GFA) with critical diameters of 4 to 5 mm and a supercooled liquid region over 50 K, though the high contents of Pd slightly decreased the GFA. The additions of 2 and 3 at. pct Pd benefited the improvement of plasticity, and the resultant BMGs showed the relatively low Young’s modulus of about 100 GPa, high compressive strengths of 2174 to 2340 MPa, and compressive plastic strain of around 4 pct. The addition of Pd also decreased the passive current density and increased the pitting potential of the Ti-based BMGs in the Hank’s solution, leading to the enhanced bio-corrosion resistance of the BMGs. Furthermore, the cell adhesion, viability, and proliferation behaviors revealed that the present Ti-based BMGs possess as good biocompatibility as that of the Ti-6Al-4V alloy. These results demonstrated the potential of the Ti-Cu-Zr-Fe-Sn-Si-Ag-Pd BMGs as biomedical materials.

In this work, a new type of ratiometric fluorescent nanoprobe with dual-emission properties is designed and constructed. The dual-emission nanoprobe is prepared from fluorescent silicon nanoparticles (Si NPs) and carbon dots (CDs). The surface of the silicon nanoparticles is positively charged while that of the carbon dots is negatively charged. Thus, the silicon nanoparticles and the carbon dots can be combined by electrostatic interactions to form a dual-emission nanoprobe. The blue-emitting silicon nanoparticles and yellow-emitting carbon dots with similar excitation wavelengths can emit the dual emission peaks under a single excitation. As a result, we obtained a novel dual-emission Si NP–CD nanoprobe. The PL intensities of our nanoprobe exhibit a high PL quenching efficiency for sensitive and selective detection of Cu2+. Upon exposure to Cu2+, the blue emission from the Si NPs is quenched, while the yellow emission from the CDs remained stable. Meanwhile, the PL color of the nanoprobe changed from white to yellow, which realized the PL and visual detection of Cu2+. The limit of detection can reach as low as 10 nM, which indicates that our dual-emission nanoprobe is an excellent PL and visual nanoprobe for environmental monitoring, chemical analysis, medical diagnosis, and food safety detection.

The present study aimed to establish a γ-glutamyl transpeptidase-to-albumin ratio (GAR)-based nomogram model to predict early recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after radical surgery.Patients enrolled in this study were randomly allocated into a train and validation cohort in a ratio of 7:3. The Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) proportional hazards model and cox regression model were combined to identify independent risk factors related to HCC recurrence. Based on these risk factors, a predictive nomogram was constructed and validated in both inner and outer test cohorts. The performance of the nomogram was evaluated by C-index, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), the calibration curve and decision curve analysis.The tumor size, tumor number, BCLC stage, microvascular invasion (MVI) and GAR value were identified as independent risk factors related to HCC recurrence and used to construct the predictive nomogram. AUC of the nomogram showed satisfactory accuracy in predicting 1-, 3- and 5-year disease-free survival. The calibration curve showed agreement between the ideal and predicted values. The risk score more than 72 as calculated by the nomogram was related to early recurrence of HCC after radical surgery. DCA plots showed better clinical usability of the nomogram as compared with the BCLC staging system in all three included cohorts.The nomogram based on the GAR value may provide a new option for screening of the target HCC cohort of patients who need anti-recurrence therapy after surgery.

Noble metal nanoclusters have attracted much attention because of their excellent fluorescence properties. In this work, we demonstrated a dual-emission fluorescent nanocomposite based on silver nanoclusters. First, we synthesized positively charged His-AgNCs, which emits intense blue light, and then Ag nanoclusters with stable red emission were synthesized using DHLA as the ligand. Thus a dual-emission fluorescent nanoprobe was successfully obtained through electrostatic self-assembly, with the advantages of good water solubility and excellent stability. Based on the intensity ratio of the two emission peaks, the nanoprobe can be used for selective and sensitive detection of copper ions, and presents a good linear relationship within a certain concentration range. In addition, we also designed a polymer film, and our dual-emission nanoprobe was successfully loaded onto it, which means that the visual detection of copper ions is possible. This indicates that our dual-emission fluorescent nanoprobe has potential application prospects in environmental analysis, medical diagnosis, biological detection, etc.

For the purpose of high-temperature service and the weight reduction in aviation engineering applications, the dissimilar joining of Ti3Al-based alloy to Ni-based superalloy (GH536) was conducted using Au-17.5Ni (wt%) brazing filler metal. The microstructure and chemical composition at the interfaces were investigated by scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscope. The diffusion behaviors of elements were analyzed as well. The results indicated that the Ti3Al/GH536 joint microstructure was characterized by multiple layer structures. Element Ni from Au-Ni filler metal reacted with Ti3Al base metal, leading to the formation of AlNi2Ti and NiTi compounds. Element Ni from Ti3Al base metal reacted with Ni and thus Ni3Nb phase was detected in the joint central area. Due to the dissolution of Ni-based superalloy, (Ni,Au) solid solution ((Ni,Au)ss) and Ni-rich phase were visible adjacent to the superalloy side. The average tensile strength of all the joints brazed at 1253 K for 5–20 min was above 356 MPa at room-temperature. In particular, the joints brazed at 1253 K/15 min presented the maximum tensile strength of 434 MPa at room-temperature, and the strength of 314 MPa was maintained at 923 K. AlNi2Ti compound resulted in the highest hardness area and the fracture of the samples subjected to the tensile test mainly occurred in this zone.

The use of biomass materials in the preparation of hydrogels has received considerable attention. In this study, arabic gum aldehyde was prepared by oxidizing o-hydroxyl group of gum arabic with sodium periodate, and then subjected to acetalization with gelatin in the presence of acrylamide to prepare IPN hydrogel. The resultant IPN hydrogel not only exhibited excellent mechanical properties and biocompatibility, but also have multifunctionality. And its healing efficiency reached 90% after 24 h of healing. Moreover, the IPN hydrogels exhibited excellent adhesion ability for a variety of surfaces. Furthermore, as indicated by MTT assay, the survival rate of cells treated with hydrogels remained above 90%; this suggests that the obtained IPN hydrogels may be used as a drug carrier. Taken together, the established hydrogels have excellent mechanical properties, biocompatibility, and versatility, thus could be employed as tissue engineering scaffolds and drug carriers, or applied in wearable devices.

In recent years, the model-based safety analysis (MBSA) has been developing continuously. The Functional Failure Identification and Propagation (FFIP) method is a graphics processing technology which supports the analysis of fault propagation paths before making costly design commitments. However, the traditional FFIP has some deficiencies. In this paper, we extend the functional failure logic (FFL) in the FFIP and introduce the concept of deviation. So, FFIP can be used to analyze the failure process of the systems and make the logical analysis of functional failure easier. Based on the extended FFL, we present a new overview of the FFIP. The FFIP is improved by using mathematical logic and Systems Modeling Language (SysML). The standard expression of FFL is realized, which is conducive to the subsequent modeling and modification. Additionally, we use the failure logic analysis in the FFIP to improve the state machine diagram (SMD) in SysML. Finally, the improved FFIP method is used to analyze the fault propagation paths of the system and Simulink is used for simulation. The fault tree is generated according to the simulation results, the minimum cut set is calculated, and the key failure parts of the system are obtained.

The novel high-entropy alloys (HEAs) with compositions of (Ti1/3Zr1/3Hf1/3)15(Nb1/2Ta1/2)x (x = 3, 5) for biomedical applications have been designed and synthesized, using the cluster formula approach. The present HEAs have a single body-centered-cubic (BCC) solid-solution structure and possess prominent mechanical properties of high compressive yield strength (834–890 MPa) and microhardness (287–293 Hv), large plasticity (>45%) under compression, as well as low Young's moduli (56–68 GPa). Also, these HEAs exhibit good bio-corrosion resistance, as revealed by a low corrosion rate at the order of 10−4 mm/year and the low passive current densities of 10−2 – 10−1 A/m2, which are attributed to the formation of passive films consisting of Ti-, Zr-, Hf-, Nb-, and Ta- oxides. The high cell viability and proliferation of bone-forming MC3T3-E1 cells on the HEAs are comparable to those on the Ti–6Al–4V alloy, indicating their good biocompatibility. The present work demonstrates the great potential of these novel Ti–Zr–Hf–Nb–Ta HEAs for biomedical applications.

Ni-free Ti-based bulk metallic glasses (BMGs) with good mechanical properties, high corrosion resistance, and good biocompatibility are potential biomaterials. For the applications as load-bearing orthopedic implant materials, excellent wear resistance is required. In the present study, tribological behaviors of the Ni-free Ti47Cu38Zr7.5Fe2.5Sn2Si1Ag2 BMG in air and a phosphate buffer saline (PBS) solution were investigated and compared with Ti−6Al−4V and Co−28Cr−6Mo alloys. It was found that the wear resistance of the Ti-based BMG in air was superior to that of the Ti−6Al−4V alloy and paralleled with that of the Co−28Cr−6Mo alloy, mainly attributing to the high hardness of the Ti-based BMG. Under the dry-sliding condition, the predominant wear mechanism of the Ti-based BMG was characterized as the oxidation and abrasive wear. Under the PBS-solution condition, although the Ti-based BMG suffered from tribocorrosion that is controlled by the combined effects of abrasive and corrosive wear, the wear resistance of the Ti-based BMG was three times lower than that of the Ti−6Al−4V alloy and slightly inferior to that of the Co−28Cr−6Mo alloy. The effect of corrosion behavior on wear resistance of the Ti-based BMG in the PBS solution is discussed.

Dissimilar joining of a Ti3Al-based alloy to a Ni-based superalloy has been conducted using Ag-21Cu-25Pd filler metal. The joint microstructures were analyzed using SEM, EPMA, XRD and TEM. The reaction behaviors between different elements were discussed. Due to the strong affinity, element Pd mainly reacted with Ti3Al substrate and formed intermetallic compounds of TiPd, Ti3Pd5 and AlPd. Elements Ni and Ti reacted with each other and caused the formation of Ni3Ti in the centre of the joint. Owing to the diffusion effect, element Ag was enriched in the joint central area as (Ag,Cu)ss. With the prolonging of the brazing time varying from 3 min to 15 min at 1253 K, the tensile strength of the joint firstly increased and then decreased. The joints brazed at 1253 K for 10 min presented the maximum strength of 404 MPa at room temperature, and the joint strength of 212 MPa was maintained at 773 K. The total fracture surface covered the most of the reaction zones from the (Ag,Cu)ss to the diffusion effect zone at the Ti3Al side.

Ti47Cu38−xZr7.5Fe2.5Sn2Si1Ag2Tax (x = 1–4; at%, the same below) bulk metallic glasses (BMGs) with good bio-corrosion resistance and mechanical properties were fabricated by copper mold casting. Critical diameter of the Ti-based BMGs with 1 at%–4 at% Ta was 3 mm. The Ta-incorporated Ti-based BMGs exhibit higher open current potential and parallel passive current density in comparison with those of Ti–6Al–4V alloy in 0.9 wt% NaCl and Hank’s solution, implying their good corrosion resistance. The pitting corrosion potential of the Ti-based BMGs gradually increases up to about 1.25 V with Ta addition increasing up to 4 at% in 0.9 wt% NaCl solution. Among the present Ti-based BMGs, the alloy bearing 2 at% Ta exhibits the optimal integration of mechanical properties, including the compressive fracture strength exceeding 2000 MPa, relative low Young’s modulus of 98 GPa, plastic strain of 3.4% and high hardness of HV 599. The Ta-bearing Ti-based bulk metallic glasses with integration of relative high GFA, good mechanical properties and high bio-corrosion resistance are beneficial for biomedical applications.

Recent studies clarify that NiO is actually a battery material, rather than the widely considered pseudocapacitive material. Self-oxidized sponge-like nanoporous Ni-Co alloy (ss-npNi) in three-dimensions (3D) is fabricated by dealloying Mg80Ni19.2Co0.8 metallic glass ribbon in citric acid and naturally surface self-oxidizing in air. The ss-npNi is found to be a battery material in nature while exhibiting pseudocapacitive behavior. The redox reactions at the peaks are controlled by surface processes with fast charge-transfer, and the pseudocapacitive contribution of the redox current is dominant throughout the whole potential range. The pseudocapacitive behavior originates from the fast charge/discharge processes occurring on the ultrathin metal oxide surface of the three-dimensional conductive ligaments. The ss-npNi exhibits high specific capacitance of 1424 F g-1 at a current density of 1 A g−1, enhanced rate capability with ∼82.4% retention at a high current density of 40 A g−1 and excellent cycle stability with ∼95.7% retention even after 10000 continuous charge-discharge cycles at 40 A g−1. This work renders the dealloying method a promising way of endowing battery materials with pseudocapacitive behavior.

Coherent cuboidal B2 nanoprecipitation in body-centered cubic (BCC)-based high-entropy alloys (HEAs) is important for the improvement of mechanical strength. The present work primarily investigated the effect of Ti substitution for Al on the cuboidal B2 nanoprecipitates in BCC Al0.7NiCoFeCr2 HEAs. A series of (Al,Ti)0.7NiCoFeCr2 HEAs with different Al/Ti ratios were prepared by suction-cast processing, and their microstructures and mechanical properties were then characterized comprehensively. It was found that the substitution of Ti for Al can change the phase structures of ordered precipitation, from the B2-AlNi to a highly ordered L21-Ni2AlTi phase. Especially, a small amount addition of Ti (≤4.2 at.%, Al/Ti ratio ≥2/1) renders the HEAs with cuboidal L21 nanoparticles coherently precipitated into the BCC matrix, which is attributed to the moderate lattice misfit (e = 0.5–0.6%) between BCC and L21 phases. HEAs with such coherent microstructures exhibit high compressive yield strength of about 1700–1800 MPa. When the Ti content reaches up to 6.25 at.%, the matrix of the alloy will be turned into the σ phase, rather than BCC, leading to a heavy brittleness.

Ti50Zr27Cu8Ni4Co3Fe2Al3Sn3 (at%) amorphous filler metal with low Cu and Ni contents in a melt-spun ribbon form was developed for improving mechanical properties of Ti–6Al–4V alloy brazing joint through decreasing brittle intermetallics in the braze zone. Investigation on the crystallization behavior of the multicomponent Ti–Zr–Cu–Ni–Co–Fe–Al–Sn amorphous alloy indicates the high stability of the supercooled liquid against crystallization that favors the formation of amorphous structure. The Ti–6Al–4V joint brazed with this Ti-based amorphous filler metal with low total content of Cu and Ni at 1203 K for 900 s mainly consists of α-Ti, β-Ti, minor Ti–Zr-rich phase and only a small amount of Ti3Cu intermetallics, leading to the high shear strength of the joint of about 460 MPa. Multicomponent composition design of amorphous alloys is an effective way of tailoring filler metals for improving the joint strength.

The Ni-free Ti-based bulk metallic glasses (BMGs) with high glass-forming ability (GFA) can be synthesized in the (Ti, Cu, Zr)92.5Fe2.5Sn2Si1Ag2 alloy system over a wide composition range by copper-mold casting. Especially, the Ti48Cu37Zr7.5Fe2.5Sn2Si1Ag2 glassy alloy can form the BMG rod with a diameter up to 6 mm and showed a high compressive strength of ~ 2.05 GPa, elastic modulus of ~ 100 GPa, and microhardness of ~ 571 Hv. The Ti-based BMGs presented good bio-corrosion resistance in a simulated physiological environment attributed to the formation of Ti-, Zr-, Si-, and Fe-enriched passive films. The biocompatibility of the Ti-based glassy alloys was systematically investigated by both indirect cytotoxicity test and direct cell-culture experiments. The Ti-based BMG extracts had no cytotoxic effects on the proliferation of the cells. The good cell adhesion, proliferation, differentiation, and mineralization of bone-forming MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblasts on the BMGs were parallel to those on the Ti–6Al–4V alloy. These results manifested that the present Ti-based BMGs are promising candidates as biomaterials.

In recent years, with the increasing complexity of equipment, system design and safety analysis for the equipment are becoming more and more difficult. In this paper, we make a more comprehensive analysis of the hierarchical relationship of the system from the vertical and horizontal angles and put forward the 3 × 3 Hierarchical Model. Then, we propose a failure propagation analysis method based on 3 × 3 Hierarchical Model. At the same time, SysML is used to build the models, which is convenient for different people to learn and modify the models. Finally, a hydraulic transmission system is taken as an example to illustrate the feasibility of the method.

Enhancement of glass-forming ability (GFA) and surface properties are important for the application of Zr-based bulk metallic glasses (BMGs), and surface oxidation is an effective strategy for surface strengthening. In this paper, the effects of rare earth element Lu addition on GFA and oxidation properties of a Zr 50 Ti 2 Cu 38 Al 10 bulk metallic glass were studied. The tribological properties of Lu-free and Lu-doping BMGs before and after oxidation were also investigated. It is found that 2 at.% Lu addition in this alloy significantly enhance the critical diameter ( d c ) from 5 mm to 20 mm. The oxidation rate of 2 at.% Lu-doping alloy is higher than Lu-free alloy, indicating that the addition of Lu facilitates the formation of oxidized scale on the surface of Zr 50 Ti 2 Cu 38 Al 10 alloy. Moreover, surface oxidation treatment remarkably improves the wear resistance of Zr 50 Ti 2 Cu 38 Al 10 and (Zr 0.5 Ti 0.02 Cu 0.38 Al 0.1 ) 98 Lu 2 . This study is beneficial for the improvement of surface properties and further application of Zr-based BMGs.

Pulsed electrical discharge (PED) treatment was applied as a novel method to synthesize amorphous or amorphous/crystalline composite layers on the surfaces of Zr-, Fe-, Ti- and Al-based crystalline alloys. The formation of amorphous or amorphous/crystalline composite layers was investigated in terms of the significant disparity in glass-forming ability of the alloys. The influences of PED processing parameters on the surface glass formation of Zr 55 Al 10 Ni 5 Cu 30 alloy were further discussed and the PED-treated alloy exhibited a gradient structure: amorphous surface, amorphous/crystalline composite region and crystalline substrate from surface to inside. Besides, effects of processing parameters on the microhardness and corrosion behavior of the treated Zr 55 Al 10 Ni 5 Cu 30 alloy were investigated and the results revealed that the PED treatment could improve the microhardness and corrosion resistance of the crystalline substrate alloy. This PED treatment is a promising method to synthesize amorphous or amorphous/crystalline composite layers for novel mechanical, physical or chemical applications.

In order to explore the effect of residual stress state on the mechanical properties of BMGs, we utilized the laser surface melting to tune the residual stress distribution via changing the processing angle between the laser scanning direction and the axial direction in the Zr55Al10Ni5Cu30 BMG. It was found that the laser processing angle has a significant effect on the plasticity of the treated specimens. The improved plastic strains of the specimens treated by 60° and 90° laser processing angles are almost twice those of 0° and 30° treated specimens. Via finite element analysis, the variation of residual stress distribution with the processing angle was characterized, and the correlation between the residual stress state and the plasticity was discussed. This study could be expected to aid in the wide application of surface treatment for improving the mechanical properties of BMGs.

Appreciable tensile plasticity is obtained in monolithic Cu-Zr-based BMG with a sandwiched structure introduced by laser surface melting. The sandwiched structure is derived from the evaporation of element Cu in the near-surface zone. It is found that the near-surface and the nether zones are still amorphous structures but possess different elastic moduli and mechanical properties. The tensile results demonstrate that the unique structure can facilitate the formation of multiple shear bands and effectively retard the propagation of shear bands into cracks under tensile loading, thus yielding an appreciable plasticity.

Background Most intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) patients experienced tumor recurrences even after curative resection, but the optimal cut-off time point and the specific risk factors for early and late recurrences of ICC have not been clearly defined. The objective of the current study was to define specific risk factors for early and late recurrences of ICC after radical hepatectomy. Methods Included in this study were 259 ICC patients who underwent curative surgery at our hospital between January 2005 and December 2009. Recurrences in these patients were followed-up prospectively. Piecewise regression model and the minimum P value approach were used to estimate the optimal cut-off time point for early and late recurrences. Then, Cox’s proportional hazards regression model was used to identify specific independent risk factors for early and late recurrences. Results Early and late recurrences occurred in 130 and 74 patients, respectively, and the 12th month was confirmed as the optimal cut-off time point for early and late recurrences. Cox’s proportional hazards regression model showed that microvascular invasion (HR = 2.084, 95% CI 1.115–3.897, P = 0.021), multiple tumors (HR = 2.071, 95% CI 1.185–3.616, P = 0.010), abnormal elevation of serum CA19-9 (HR = 1.619, 95% CI 1.076–2.437, P = 0.021), and the negative hepatitis B status (HR = 1.650, 95% CI 1.123–2.427, P = 0.011) were independent risk factors for early recurrence, and HBV-DNA level > 106 IU/mL (HR = 1.785, 95% CI 1.015–3.141, P = 0.044) and a hepatolithiasis history (HR = 2.538, 95% CI 1.165–5.533, P = 0.010) contributed to late recurrence independently. Conclusion Specific risk factors and mechanisms may relate to early and late recurrences of ICC after curative resection.

The effects of the Cr content on microstructure, corrosion behavior, and mechanical properties of the Al0.3CrxFeCoNi high-entropy alloys (HEAs) were studied. The Al0.3CrxFeCoNi alloys with x = 0–1.0 exhibited the single face-centered-cubic (FCC) structure, and the alloys with x = 1.5–2.0 consisted of the FCC and disordered body-centered-cubic (BCC)/ordered BCC (B2) structure. In the 3.5 mass% NaCl solution, the Al0.3CrxFeCoNi alloys are spontaneously passivated, and the pitting resistance of the alloys was improved with increasing the Cr content in the alloys. It is notable that the Al0.3CrxFeCoNi (x = 1.5–2.0) alloys with Cr-rich FCC and BCC phases demonstrated excellent pitting-corrosion resistance and low corrosion rates of less than 10−3 mm/year due to the formation of the protective surface films enriched in Cr2O3. Moreover, the Al0.3CrxFeCoNi (x = 0–1.0) alloys with the FCC structure exhibited relatively-low tensile strength and large elongation. The further increase in the Cr content to x = 1.5–2.0 improved the strengths and hardness of the alloys due to the increase in BCC/B2 phases. The Al0.3CrxFeCoNi (x = 1.5–2.0) alloys with high corrosion resistance presented good mechanical properties, including tensile strengths of 640–1078 MPa and tensile elongations of 11–44%. It is also demonstrated that increasing the Cr content of Al–Cr–Fe–Co–Ni HEAs is an effective approach for tailoring corrosion-resistant HEAs.