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Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) is a perioperative management protocol used to accelerate patient recovery. This study evaluated its benefits in patients with resectable esophageal cancer.This retrospective study compared patients before (January 2013 to December 2016) and after (June 2018 to December 2020) ERAS protocol implementation in our hospital. A propensity score-matched analysis was used to compare short-term surgical outcomes between ERAS and non-ERAS groups. After propensity score matching each group included 243 patients.There were significant differences in hospital length of stay after surgery (7.40 vs 11.17 days, P.001) and hospitalization cost (¥69380 vs ¥78075, P.001) between the ERAS and non-ERAS groups. The time to chest tube removal (4.91 vs 7.16 days, P.001) and first bowel movement (2.87 vs 3.97 days, P.001) was significantly shorter in the ERAS group. However there was no significant difference in total postoperative complication morbidity (20.2% vs 25.1%, P = .193). The complication of postoperative atelectasis or pneumonia was significantly lower in the ERAS group (P = .003), but there was no significant difference in occurrence of at least grade III complications between the 2 groups (12.3% vs 11.5%, P = .889).We demonstrated that ERAS could reduce hospital stay, numerical pain scores, and hospitalization costs without increasing postoperative complication and readmission. Furthermore subgroup analyses revealed that ERAS was safe for older people (70 years old).

In this paper, some classes of Janowski type p-harmonic functions associated with the generalized Sǎlǎgean operator are introduced. Further, coefficient conditions, distortion estimates and the other properties of the classes are obtained. On the one hand, the results presented here generalize the results of Yașar and Yalcin [ 8 ]. On the other hand, we obtain some new results on sufficient convolution condition of the classes.

Background Exosomal long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been recognised as promising stable biomarkers in cancers. The aim of this study was to identify an exosomal lncRNA panel for diagnosis and prognosis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Materials and Methods Exosomes were isolated from serum by ExoQuick Solution. To validate the exosomes, exosomal markers and characterization of nanoparticle were performed. Quantitative real-time PCR was used to measure the levels of lncRNAs in exosomes from ESCC patients and healthy subjects. In the training set, exosomal lncRNA profiles from 404 samples were conducted and established new models by multivariate logistic regression. In the validation set, the diagnostic performance of the panel was further validated in 222 additional individuals with a receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC). Kaplan-Meier and multivariate Cox proportional hazards analysis were applied to assess the correlation between lncRNAs and survival rate of ESCC patients. Results A 4-lncRNA panel (UCA1, POU3F3, ESCCAL-1 and PEG10) in exosomes for ESCC diagnosis was developed by logistic regression model. The diagnostic accuracy of panel was evaluated with AUC value of 0.844 and 0.853 for training and validation stage, respectively. The corresponding AUCs for patients with TNM stage I-II and III were 0.820 and 0.935, significantly higher than squamous cell carcinoma antigen (P

In this paper, some classes of univalent harmonic functions are introduced by subordination, where the analytic parts of which are exponential starlike (or convex) functions with respect to the symmetric conjecture points. According to the relationships of the analytic part and the co-analytic part, the geometric properties, such as coefficient estimates, distortion theorems, integral expressions, estimates and growth conditions and covering theorem, of the classes are obtained.

Background Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) is a perioperative management protocol to accelerate patient recovery. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of ERAS protocols implemented in patients who underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) before minimally invasive McKeown esophagectomy. Methods This retrospective study compared the short-term clinical outcomes in esophagectomy patients from June 2018 to June 2021. Subjects were divided into two categories: those who underwent NACT (NACT group) and the non-NACT group. Results There was no significant difference in total postoperative complication morbidity between the NACT and non-NACT groups (21.2% vs. 20.7%, P=0.936). In addition, the hospital length of stay post-surgery (7.90 vs. 7.71 days, P=0.424) was not significantly longer when compared to the non-NACT group. The time to chest tube removal (5.37 vs. 5.13 days, P=0.238) and first bowel movement (2.92 vs. 3.01 days, P=0.560) was also similar between the two groups. Conclusions There was no significant difference in postoperative complications rate, postoperative hospital length of stay, and readmission rate between the two group. This study proved that ERAS protocols seemed to be safe and feasible for patients who received NACT before esophagectomy.

Introduction: Dyslipidemia is a common intermediate aggravating factor of various cancers, but the relationship between blood lipid profiles and lung cancer remains unclear. This study was performed to assess the non-linear and linear relationships between them.Material and methods: We enrolled 1593 newly diagnosed lung cancer patients and 1593 age- and sex-matched healthy controls between 2017 and 2019. Biochemical indicators, including lipid profiles and tumor markers, were collected. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were calculated using conditional logistic regression analysis. The restricted cubic spline analysis and multiple linear regression were used to explore the non-linear and linear associations.Results: Lung cancer patients had lower values for total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). After multivariate adjustment, hyper-TC and low-HDL-C were associated with lung cancer risk. In addition, non-linear relationships were identified between lung cancer risk and TC/HDL-C. Multiple linear regression analyses showed that triglycerides were significantly associated with squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCC). As well, HDL-C was significantly associated with neuron-specific enolase (NSE), cytokeratin 19 fragments (CYFRA21-1), SCC, and tumor-associated antigen 125 (CA-125). Significant linear trends were observed between increasing triglyceride quartiles and hyper-NSE/hyper-CYFRA21-1, and between increasing HDL-C quartiles and hyper-NSE/hyper-CYFRA21-1/hyper-CA-125. Conclusions: Lipid levels were significantly lower in lung cancer patients, and there were negative non-linear associations of TC and HDL-C with lung cancer risk. In addition, there were negative linear trends across TG and HDL-C quartiles for the risk of abnormal tumor markers among lung cancer patients.

BACKGROUND: Esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) is an aggressive malignancy and accounts for the majority of cancer-related death worldwide. It is often diagnosed at an advanced stage and entails a poor prognosis for those afflicted. The mechanisms of its pathogenesis and progress remain unclear and require urgent elucidation. This study aimed to identify specific genes and potential pathways associated with the progression and prognosis of EAC using bioinformatics analyses. METHODS: EAC microarray datasets from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) databases were analyzed to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) using bioinformatics analysis. The DEGs in TCGA were then analyzed to construct a co-expression network by weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA), and module-clinical trait relationships were analyzed to explore the genes that associated with clinicopathological parameters of EAC. Gene ontology (GO) terms and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways analyses were performed for the cancer-related genes, and a DEG-based protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was used to extract hub genes through Cytoscape plugins. The consensus survival analysis for EAC (OSeac) was performed to identify the prognosis-related genes. The immune infiltration was evaluated by tumor immune estimation resource (TIMER) algorithms, and a risk score prognostic model was established using univariate, multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression, and lasso regression analysis. RESULTS: Ultimately, 190 cancer-related DEGs were identified, 6 of which were found to play vital roles in the progression of EAC, including ACTA2, BGN, CALD1, COL1A1, COL4A1, and DCN. The risk score prognostic model consisted of 6 other genes that had an important impact on the prognosis of EAC, including CLDN3, EPB41L4A, ESM1, MT1X, PAQR5, and PLAU. The area under the curve of the prognostic model for predicting the survival of patients at 1, 2, and 3 years was 0.707, 0.702, and 0.726, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: This study identified several genes with the potential to become useful targets for the diagnosis and treatment of EAC. The 6-gene-related risk score prognostic model and nomogram based on these genes may be a reliable tool for predicting the prognosis of patients with EAC.

Let S H " role="presentation"> S H S H S_{H} be the class of functions f = h + g ¯ " role="presentation"> f = h + g ¯ f = h + g ¯ f=h+\bar{g} that are harmonic univalent and sense-preserving in the open unit disk U = { z ∈ C : | z | 𝕌 = { z ∈ ℂ : | z | h , h , h, g " role="presentation"> g g g are analytic and f ( 0 ) = f z ′ ( 0 ) − 1 = 0 " role="presentation"> f ( 0 ) = f ′ z ( 0 ) − 1 = 0 f ( 0 ) = f z ′ ( 0 ) − 1 = 0 f(0)=f_{z}'(0)-1=0 in U . " role="presentation"> 𝕌 . U . \mathbb{U}. In this paper, we investigate the properties of some subclasses of S H " role="presentation"> S H S H S_{H} such that h ( z ) " role="presentation"> h ( z ) h ( z ) h(z) is a starlike (or convex) function defined by subordination. We provide coefficient estimates, extremal function, distortion and growth estimates of g " role="presentation"> g g g , growth, and Jacobian estimates of f " role="presentation"> f f f . We also obtain area estimates and covering theorems of the classes. The results presented here generalize some known results.

We investigated the role of miR-522-3p in thymoma-associated myasthenia gravis (TAMG), and the mechanism of action in T cells. The miR-522-3p expression in normal serum, non-thymoma MG patient serum and TAMG patient serum and tissues was detected by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), respectively. We assessed miR-522-3p expression in Jurkat cells and human CD4(+) T cells after activation by anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 using qRT-PCR. The viability, proliferation, cycle distribution and the levels of CD25, CD69, interleukin-2 (IL-2) and IL-10 in transfected Jurkat cells were detected by Cell counting kit-8, 5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine (EdU), flow cytometry, qRT-PCR, respectively. Targeting relationships of miR-522-3p and SLC31A1 were predicted and validated by bioinformatics analysis and dual-luciferase reporter. The viability, proliferation, cycle distribution and the levels of SLC31A1, CD25, CD69, IL-2 and IL-10 in transfected Jurkat cells were detected by above methods and western blot. The miR-522-3p expression was declined in TAMG and activated T cells. MiR-522-3p inhibitor promoted cell viability, EdU positive cells, cycle progression, and the level of CD25, CD69, IL-2 and IL-10 in Jurkat cells, while the effect of miR-522-3p mimic was the opposite. SLC31A1 was targeted by miR-522-3p, and miR-522-3p inhibited SLC31A1 expression. Overexpressed SLC31A1 reversed the inhibitory effects of miR-522-3p mimic on cell viability, EdU positive cell, cycle progression, and the levels of IL-2 and IL-10 in transfected Jurkat cells. MiR-522-3p expression was down-regulated in TAMG, and miR-522-3p inhibited proliferation and activation by regulating SLC31A1 expression in T cells.

Background: Many evidences proved important roles of microRNAs in the occurrence and development of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This work aimed to explore the effects and regulating mechanism of microRNA-665 (miR-665) in NSCLC. Methods: Here, quantitative real time PCR was used to evaluate the expression level of miR-665 in NSCLC tissues and several cell lines (H520, H1299, PC9, H358, and A549). Then, MTT, apoptosis assays and wound-healing assays were performed to study miR-665 functions on cell proliferation, apoptosis and migration. Based on bioinformatics analysis, nemo-like kinase (NLK) was predicted as a potential target of miR-665 and then a series of experiments were performed to explore miR-665 mechanism.Results: In NSCLC tissues and several cell lines, miR-665 was up-regulated and cell experiments displayed that it had abilities to promote cell proliferation and migration, and inhibit cell apoptosis. MiR-665 over-expression could reduce NLK mRNA and protein level by binding to 3′-untranslated region of NLK, which suggested that miR-665 could regulate NLK expression. Further analysis found that there was an inverse correlation f between miR-665 and NLK in NSCLC. Moreover, low-level NLK possessed same effects on cells as miR-665 over-expression, and its knockdown could partly recovery the miR-665-mediated cell proliferation, migration and anti-apoptosis, indicating that miR-665 might regulate biological behaviors of NSCLC cells via targeting NLK. Conclusion: MiR-665 probably promoted NSCLC occurrence and progression via targeting NLK, which might be a hopeful biomarker for NSCLC diagnosis or a target for treatment.

Objective. This Work is aimed at exploring the effect of microRNA (MiR)-608 on the function of nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) A549 cells and related mechanisms. Methods. Blood samples of 106 NSCLC patients (experimental group) as well as 124 normal people (control group) were selected for relevant investigation. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) as well as DNA sequencing was used to determine the genotyping of the MiR-608 rs4919510 polymorphism. MiR-608 expression in cells was detected by real-time PCR technology. Western blotting was used to detect changes in protein levels. NSCLC tissues as well as adjacent tissues were explored in 33 patients undergoing surgery. Results. MiR-608 rs4919510 does not influence the incidence of NSCLC patients. In addition, MiR-608 expression was downregulated in the tumor tissue of NSCLC patients, while the transcription factor activating enhancer-binding protein 4 (TFAP4) expression was upregulated. MiR-608 promotes DOX- (Doxorubicin-) induced apoptosis by negatively regulating TFAP4 expression in NSCLC tissue. TFAP4 can significantly inhibit the migration of A549 cells. Conclusion. The findings in this investigation can contribute to the effective treatment of NSCLC patients. Also, the investigation can provide some theoretical support for the application of new targets for NSCLC treatment.

Lung cancer is the first leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide. Non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common type of lung cancer. Increasing evidence shows that long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) are capable of modulating tumor initiation, proliferation and metastasis. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate whether circulating lncRNA could be used as biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis of NSCLC. Expression profiles of 14 lncRNA selected from other studies were validated in 20 pairs of tissues by quantitative real‐time PCR, and the dysregulated lncRNA thus identified were further validated in serum samples from two independent cohorts along with three tumor makers (CEA, CYFRA21‐1, and SCCA). Receiver‐operating characteristic analysis was utilized to estimate the diagnostic efficiency of the candidate lncRNA and tumor markers. Importantly, we observed an association between lncRNA expression and overall survival (OS) rate of NSCLC. The expressions of SOX2 overlapping transcript (SOX2OT) and ANRIL were obviously upregulated in NSCLC tissues and serum samples compared with normal controls (P

MicroRNAs (miRNAs/miRs) are a class of small, highly conserved non-coding RNAs that can serve either oncogenic or tumor-suppressive roles in a wide variety of tumors. miR-200c is a member of the miR-200 family whose specific role in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has not yet been elucidated. The purpose of the present study was to detect the expression level of miR-200c in NSCLC, and to analyze its association with clinicopathological factors and patient prognosis. The present study determined the expression levels of miR-200c in 110 tumor samples collected from patients diagnosed with NSCLC who underwent complete tumor resection with regional lymph node dissection, as assessed by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The association between the expression level of miR-200c and clinicopathological features and patient prognosis was also analyzed. The results showed that miR-200c overexpression was detected in 66 of the 110 cases and was significantly associated with positive lymph node metastasis (P

In the present study, the volumetric thermal capacity and thermal conductivity of hollow block wall were changed by filling soil and perlite in the cavities to improve wall thermal performance. The results show that filling soil or perlite in the cavities of hollow blocks is a feasible way of improving the thermal performance of north wall of Chinese solar greenhouses. Filling hollow blocks with soil increases the thermal capacity of wall, and more heat can be stored. Filling hollow blocks with perlite increases the thermal resistance of north wall so less heat is lost. Then, two layered composite walls (wall HB-2P4S and HB-4P2S) were designed and their performance was compared. Model simulation and experimental results suggest that the composite wall with 40 cm of hollow block filled with soil and 20 cm of hollow block filled with perlite had better thermal performance than the composite wall that was composed of with 40 cm hollow block filled with perlite and 20 cm filled with soil.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of ZHX2 on lung cancer cells proliferation and apoptosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS The mRNA and protein expression of ZHX2 were detected by qRT-PCR and western blot, respectively. The human lung cancer cells were divided into Control, NC, ZHX2, SB, and ZHX2 + Ani groups. The cell proliferation was detected by CCK-8 assay and the cell migration and invasion were detected by Transwell assay. Cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry. Apoptosis and p38MAPK signaling pathway related proteins were detected by western blot. The nude mice model of lung cancer xenograft was constructed. The tumor volume and tumor weight were measured. The expression of PCNA protein in tumor tissues was detected by immunohistochemistry. The apoptosis of tumor cells was detected by TUNEL staining. The ZHX2 and p38MAPK signaling pathway related proteins in tumor tissues were detected by western blot. RESULTS The expression of ZHX2 gene and protein in the cancer cell lines were significantly decreased. Compared with control and NC groups, the cells proliferation, migration and invasion were inhibited in ZHX2 and SB groups, while the apoptosis and apoptosis related proteins were increased (p< 0.05). Meanwhile, compared with ZHX2 group, the tumor growth rate, volume, weight, the percentage of PCNA-positive cells, and p-P38 MAPK/P38 MAPK were increased significantly in ZHX2 + Ani group, while the apoptotic index and the expression of MMP-9 protein were significantly decreased (p< 0.05). CONCLUSION ZHX2 could inhibit proliferation and promote apoptosis of lung cancer cells by inhibiting p38MAPK signaling pathway.

Background: The resection of nodules by thoracoscopic surgery is difficult because the nodules may be hard to identify. Currently, preoperative localization of pulmonary nodules is widely used in the clinic, including Computed Tomographic Imaging (CT)-guided transthoracic approach, hook-wire and coil embolization, but these methods increase radiation exposure and cause complications. Methods: In this study, we retrospectively compared electromagnetic navigation bronchoscopy (ENB) guided and CT guided localization of small pulmonary nodules before resection. Results: Total 157 patients underwent the localization procedure successfully, and the nodules were localized by CT guidance in 105 patients and by ENB in 52 patients. The nodule size of magnetic navigation localization was smaller than that of CT-guided localization (P

Background Circular RNA (circRNA) has become a new focus in the field of tumor biology research in recent years. Many circRNAs have been showed to play an important role in the progression of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). In this work, we studied the oncological role of hsa-circ-000881 in LUAD and attempted to explore the related mechanism. Methods The relative expressions of hsa-circ-000881, miR-665, and PRICKLE2 were detected by RT-qPCR or western blot. Functional assays were conducted to analyze the role of hsa-circ-000881 in the proliferation, migration, and invasion of LUAD cells. A luciferase reporter assay was performed to verify whether hsa-circ-000881, miR-665, and PRICKLE2 interact with each other. Results Circ-000881 was remarkably downregulated in LUAD. Overexpression of circ-000881 attenuated cell growth, migration, and invasion, whereas its knockdown enhanced the malignancy of LUAD cells. The results of luciferase reporter assay and bioinformatics analysis confirmed that circ-000881 served as a sponge for miR-665, and PRICKLE2 was a direct target of miR-665.Overexpression of miR-665 or silencing of PRICKLE2 abolished circ-000881-mediated inhibition of malignant tumor behavior in LUAD cells. Conclusions Circ-000881 has inhibitory effects on LUAD via a miR-665/PRICKLE2 axis, suggesting that circ-000881 may be an underlying therapeutic target for LUAD.

Selecting a solar greenhouse type that suits local conditions is an important issue for the development of protected horticulture in Northern China. In this study, type selection was treated as a multi-objective fuzzy decision-making problem. According to building features and microclimate, an assessment framework system was constructed that consisted of four levels: objective level (A), criteria hierarchy (B), sub-criteria hierarchy (C), and alternatives (D). The indicators for sub-criteria hierarchy were first quantified by a set of formulas and survey of experts. The surveyed data were classified using the Analysis Hierarchy Process (AHP) method. Next, the weights of the indicators were obtained from 15 experts. The results show that the weight of structure safety (B2) is the highest, while the aesthetic property is the lowest in the criteria hierarchy. In the sub-criteria hierarchy, the weight of structural stability (C4), useful life (C5) and land utilization (C11) are higher than others. A case study was performed for northern Jiangsu province to screen out the optimal solar greenhouse types that suit the local conditions using his methodology. The result suggests that the method of multi-objective fuzzy decision-making and classical AHP could be used to deal with the selection of solar greenhouse designs.

The conventional video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) is performed through the intercostals incisions. In this study, we reported our current experience of thoracoscopic surgery using a subxiphoid single-incision and compared it with the intercostal uniport VATS in the operation time and postoperative pain for spontaneous pneumothorax.From July 2014 to September 2015, 43 consecutive patients with spontaneous pneumothorax underwent the unilateral or bilateral bullectomy vie VATS. Among these, 22 patients were treated by the subxiphoid single-incision VATS, and 21 patients were treated using the conventional intercostals uniport VATS. The duration of operation, hospital stay days and inpatient pain scores were compared between each group.The postoperative pain scores on postoperative days (POD) 0, 1, 2 and 3 were significantly lower for patients who underwent the subxiphoid single-incision VATS than those who underwent the intercostal uniport VATS (p 0.05). However, the subxiphoid single-incision VATS needed longer surgical time than the intercostal uniport VATS (p 0.001).The subxiphoid uniport VATS could decrease the postoperative pain and was safe and effective for performing the unilateral or bilateral bullectomy, but, demanded longer surgical time comparing with the intercostal uniport VATS.Subxiphoid single-incision VATS, as a new method for bullectomy, could provide a good choice of the incision position for these young patients with spontaneous pneumothorax.

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are at the center of many physiological and pathological processes. ROS generated due to oxidative stress can potentiate both cancer initiation and progression. Rotenone, which is an inhibitor of the mitochondrial electron transport chain complex I, results in the activation of NOX2 and release of ROS, and has been shown to display anticancer activity through the induction of apoptosis in various cancer cells. The mechanistic link between rotenone-dependent activation of NOX2 and induction of apoptosis is still elusive. In this study, we used the human lung cancer A549 cells to study the molecular mechanism(s) involved between rotenone-dependent activation of NOX2 and impairment of autophagic machinery. We report that acute exposure to rotenone induced mild NOX2-dependnet oxidative stress, which impaired the autophagic flux, resulting in cytosolic accumulation of LC3 and p62/STSQM1. We further show that this induction occurs through the PI3K/Akt/mTORC1 signaling pathway. We furthermore show that chronic exposure to rotenone lead to excessive NOX2-dependent ROS generation, increases autophagy, and decreases p62 level via increased-autophagic flux. Taken together, this study is the first mechanistic elucidation of how rotenone can be used to potently target cancer cells without overhauling the entire cellular machinery. © 2016 IUBMB Life 68(5):388-393, 2016.

BACKGROUND: The triangulating stapling (TST) and T-shape stapling (TS) methods have been proposed to decrease the incidence of anastomotic leakage after esophagectomy, but few studies have compared them to the circular stapling technique (CS). This retrospective study aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of three cervical anastomosis methods after esophagectomy. METHODS: Squamous cell carcinoma patients who underwent minimally invasive esophagectomy (MIE) with CS, TST or TS anastomosis between April 2010 and June 2012 were recruited. Their clinical characteristics and short-term outcome were analyzed. Kaplan-Meier analyses compared with log-rank test were used to calculate the effect of the three types of cervical anastomosis on overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS). RESULTS: The incidence of anastomotic leakage was 21.8% in the CS group, 7.7% in the TS group and 11.9% in the TST group (P=0.029). There were significant differences in the incidence of gastroesophageal reflux among the three groups (P

DNA polymerase iota (polɩ) is a member of low-fidelity Y-family of DNA polymerases. Our previous studies have demonstrated that the overexpression of polι is associated with the poorer prognosis in lung cancer patients. Here, we designed the small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting polɩ gene (POLI) to investigate the effect of polɩ on the proliferation, apoptosis, and invasion of the lung cancer cell line A549 in order to reveal the role of polι in lung cancer progression. Our results showed that siRNA of POLI had no significant effect on the proliferation and apoptosis of the lung cancer cell line A549. However, siRNA of POLI could inhibit the migration and invasion of the lung cancer cell line A549 by upregulating the E-cadherin expression and downregulating the expressions of N-cadherin, MMP2, and MMP9. Together, our findings indicate that polι plays a positive role in lung cancer progression via promoting the migration and invasion of lung cancer cells. Therefore, polι might be a potential target for the clinical treatment of lung cancer in the future.

In this study, two new types of greenhouses have been presented with removable back walls particularly suitable for composite climate (cold days in winter and spring, as well as hot days in summer) as a replacement for conventional single-span polyethylene film covered greenhouse (SPG) in Changshu (120°58' E, 31°40' N), Jiangsu province China. One greenhouse had a fully-removable back wall (FRG) and one had a half-removable back wall (HRG). The removable back walls, made of jute fiber boards, were installed in cold days for heat preservation and removed in summer for ventilation. Experimental evaluation of two greenhouses was conducted during spring and summer months by growing a tomato crop and compared with the SPG condition. The results suggest that the air temperatures inside HRG and FRG were above 9.5°C during the spring. The average air temperatures at night (17:00-07:00 h next day) inside two greenhouses were 4.5°C (HRG) and 4.7°C (FRG) higher than SPG. In the summer, as the back wall was removed, with 50% shade net inside the FRG, a drop of 4.3°C of average air temperature during the period of 07:00-18:00 h was observed. It was observed that the micro-climatic parameters like air temperature, soil temperature, and relative humidity remained within desirable range during different stages of crop growth. The tomato yield was 21.7% (HRG) and 23.9% (FRG) higher than SPG. Therefore, two types of greenhouses with removable back walls could be an alternative to the conventional greenhouse in southern Jiangsu.

This study focuses on the impact of carbohydrate metabolism and endogenous polyamines levels in leaves of cucumber seedlings under salt stress by exogenous BRs. The effects of 24-epibrassinolide (EBL) on carbohydrate metabolism and endogenous content of polyamines were investigated in cucumber seedlings (Cucumis sativus L. cv. Jinyou No. 4) exposed to salinity stress [80 mM Ca(NO3)2]. Spraying of exogenous EBL partially enhanced the enzyme activities of sucrose phosphate synthase, sucrose synthase and acid invertase; thus, raising the level of sucrose, fructose and total soluble sugars. The amylase activity was also increased by EBL, companied by the rising of sucrose level. These results indicated that EBL improved the carbohydrate metabolism of cucumber under Ca(NO3)2 stress. Moreover, EBL raised the levels of soluble conjugated and insoluble bound polyamines while lowered the free polyamines content, particularly putrescine. Our experiment demonstrated that exogenous EBL elevated stability of cellular membrane and positively improve the carbohydrate metabolism in cucumber growing under Ca(NO3)2 stress.

A simulating model was used to simulate and improve the thermal performance of solar greenhouses. Simulations with the weather conditions of Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province show that the greenhouse with clay brick wall (0.6 m thick) insulated with polystyrene boards (0.1 m) and the greenhouse with soil wall (3 m thick) perform better than the one with hollow concrete block wall (0.6 m thick). The lowest air temperature increases with thermal resistance and thermal inertia index of north wall. The thermal performance of the solar greenhouse with hollow concrete block wall can be improved by increasing the density and reducing the thermal conductivity of north wall. The soil wall can be conceptually divided into three layers from inside to outside: energy-storing layer, thermal stable layer, and thermal insulating layer. Thermal stable layer shrinks with the reduction of the size of north wall and it would disappear when the wall is reduced to a certain size. A trapezoidal soil wall with a top of 0.5 m and a base of 1.7 m appears to be a proper design if the air temperature is to be maintained above 10 °C under the weather conditions of Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province of China.

The objective of this study was to identify the effects of exogenous putrescine on photosynthetic performance and heat dissipation capacity in cucumber seedlings under salt stress. The stress of 75 mM NaCl for 7 days caused a significant decrease in net photosynthetic rate (P N ). The experiment employed a chlorophyll fluorescence imaging technique and demonstrated that the maximal quantum yield of photosystem II photochemistry (Fv/Fm) and the actual photochemical efficiency of photosystem II (ΦPSII) were reduced by salt stress. Moreover, salt stress markedly reduced the photochemical quenching coefficient (qP) and non-photochemical quenching coefficient (qN), and significantly increased non-regulated heat dissipation (ΦNO). However, stressed plants supplied with exogenous putrescine exhibited higher P N and ΦPSII, which indicated that putrescine can alleviate the detrimental effects on photosynthesis induced by salt stress. Putrescine sprayed on stressed plants significantly enhanced the regulated energy dissipation (ΦNPQ) and decreased ΦNO. Application of exogenous putrescine also changed the levels of xanthophyll cycle components and further enhanced the de-epoxidation state of xanthophyll cycle pigments under salt stress. Under control conditions, putrescine exerted little influence on the photosynthetic parameters in cucumber leaves. In conclusion, the application of exogenous putrescine may improve the heat dissipation capacity by promoting the xanthophyll cycle to reduce the damage caused by excess excitation energy, thus enhancing the salt tolerance of cucumber seedlings.

Lysosome-associated protein transmembrane-4β (LAPTM4B) is a novel cancer-related gene that is upregulated in many tumors, and which plays important roles in carcinogenesis. It has two alleles, LAPTM4B 1 and LAPTM4B 2. LAPTM4B 1 contains only one copy of a 19-bp sequence in the first exon, whereas LAPTM4B 2 contains two tight tandem segments. Previous studies have shown that LAPTM4B 2 is a risk factor for susceptibility and prognosis of many tumors. The present study investigated the relationship between LAPTM4B polymorphism and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) susceptibility and prognosis. We identified LAPTM4B genotypes with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in peripheral blood samples. In the adjusted multivariate logistic regression analysis, we found that LAPTM4B 1/2, LAPTM4B 2/2 exhibited 1.48-fold [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.076-2.037] and 2.855-fold (95%CI, 1.722-4.734) increases in the risk of developing NSCLC compared with non-LAPTM4B 2 carriers. Furthermore, our results showed that overall survival time and disease-free survival time of patients with LAPTM4B 2 were significantly shorter than in patients carrying LAPTM4B 1 (P=0.001 and P=0.001, respectively). In addition, multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that LAPTM4B 2 was also an independent prognostic factor for NSCLC. These results suggest that LAPTM4B polymorphisms may be a prospective marker for evaluating the risk and prognosis of NSCLC.