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T-shaped mortise and tenon members are the main structure of traditional Chinese furniture. In this paper, the double-dovetail joint used for face-to-face joint of rubber wood (Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg) is transformed into a new type of double-dovetail joint and rounded double-dovetail joint for T-shaped members of point joint structure. The ultimate pull-out test and bending strength test were carried out on the two structures and three structures of oval mortise, round rod mortise and right angle mortise. The results show that the ultimate pull-out force of the round double-dovetail joint is 39% higher than that of the double-dovetail joint, and the bending resistance capacity is 8.9% higher, and the strength and stability are better than those of other split mortises and tenons, which proves that this structure can be used in actual production, and also proves that the mortise and tenon connected by the surface has the possibility of transforming into a point connection structure. The concave structure of the rounded double-dovetail joint makes the mortise and tenon fit well, the tenon squeezed tight, and a good bonding effect was achieved. This structure can also provide greater friction and resistance, delay rubber adhesive failure and improve the stability.

Abstract Cephalopods can change their skin color by using high‐speed electron transduction among receptors, neural networks, and pigmentary effectors. However, it remains challenging to realize a neuroelectrical transmission system like that found in cephalopods, where electrons/ions transmit on nanoscale, which is crucial for fast adaptive electrochromic tuning. Inspired by that, hereby an ideal, rapidly responsive, and multicolor electrochromic biomimetic skin is introduced. Specifically, the biomimetic skin comprises W18O49 nanowires (NWs) that are either colorless or blue, Au nanoparticles@polyaniline (Au NPs@PANI) ranging from green to pink, and a flexible conductive substrate. As the applied voltage changes from 0.4 V to ‐0.7 V and back to 0 V, the color of the biomimetic skin transforms from green to blue and ultimately to pink. This color change is attributed to the electrically induced redox reaction of Au NPs@PANI and W18O49 NWs, triggered by the transfer of electrons and ions. Furthermore, the high versatility and adaptability of electrical stimulus enable the creation of a highly interactive electrochromic biomimetic skin system through the integration of sensitive acoustic sensors, providing a perfect environment‐responsive platform. This work provides a biomimetic multicolor electrochromic skin that depends on electron/ion transfer on nanoscale, expands potential uses for camouflage skin.

Abstract Capmatinib is a potent selective mesenchymal-epithelial transition inhibitor approved in 2020 for the treatment of metastatic non-small cell lung cancer. As real-world evidence is very limited, this study evaluated capmatinib-induced adverse events through data mining of the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System database. Four disproportionality analysis methods were employed to quantify the signals of capmatinib-related adverse events. The difference in capmatinib-associated adverse event signals was further investigated with respect to sex, age, weight, dose, onset time, continent, and concomitant drug. A total of 1518 reports and 4278 adverse events induced by capmatinib were identified. New significant adverse event signals emerged, such as dysphagia, dehydration, deafness, vocal cord paralysis, muscle disorder, and oesophageal stenosis. Notably, higher risk of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase increases were observed in females, especially when capmatinib was combined with immune checkpoint inhibitors. Compared with Europeans and Asians, Americans were more likely to experience peripheral swelling, especially in people > 65 years of age. Renal impairment and increased blood creatinine were more likely to occur with single doses above 400 mg and in Asians. This study improves the understanding of safety profile of capmatinib.

Abstract Biomimetic intelligent polymeric hydrogel actuators with cooperative fluorescence‐color switchable behaviors are expected to find great potential applications in soft robotics, visual detection/display, and camouflage applications. However, it remains challenging to realize the spatial manipulation of synergistic shape/color‐changing behaviors. Herein, we report an interfacial supramolecular assembly (ISA) approach that enables the construction of robust fluorescent polymeric hydrogel actuators with spatially anisotropic structures. On the basis of this ISA approach, diverse 2D/3D soft fluorescent hydrogel actuators, including chameleon‐ and octopi‐shaped ones with spatially anisotropic structures, were facilely assembled from two different fluorescent hydrogel building blocks sharing the same physically cross‐linked agar network. Spatially control over synergistic shape/color‐changing behaviors was then realized in one single anisotropic hydrogel actuator. The proposed ISA approach is universal and expected to open promising avenues for developing powerful bioinspired intelligent soft actuators/robotics with selective spatial shape/color‐changing behaviors.

Abstract Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) can generate insulin-producing beta cells for diabetes treatment, but residual undifferentiated cells may cause tumors. We developed a highly sensitive assay to detect these cells in islet cells derived from human chemically induced pluripotent stem cells (hCiPSCs), which are transgene-free and safer. We used RNA-seq data to find protein-coding and non-coding RNAs that were only expressed in hCiPSCs, not in islet cells. We confirmed these biomarkers by RT-qPCR and ddPCR. We chose long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) markers, which performed better than protein-coding RNA markers. We found that LNCPRESS2, LINC00678 and LOC105370482 could detect 1, 1 and 3 hCiPSCs in 106 islet cells by ddPCR, respectively. We tested our method on several hCiPSC lines, which could quantify 0.0001% undifferentiated cell in 106 islet cells by targeting hCiPSCs-specific lncRNA transcripts, ensuring the safety and quality of hCiPSC-derived islet cells for clinical use.

Blueberries are rich in a variety of functional substances and have high nutritional and health values, but they are not resistant to decline during fresh storage. Here, the effects of six Bacillus species on the storage quality of, and antioxidant levels in, the southern highbush blueberry ‘O’Neal’ fruit were investigated. Bacillus treatments reduced the fruit decay rate, slowed fruit quality decline, inhibited malondialdehyde accumulation, and increased superoxide dismutase and peroxidase activity levels. Bacillus altitudinis Y-14 had the best effect overall. Furthermore, the effects of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP), B. altitudinis Y-14, and 1-MCP + B. altitudinis Y-14 treatments on the storage quality and antioxidant of rabbiteye blueberry ‘Brightwell’ fruit were investigated, and each treatment effectively reduced the decay rate and weight loss of fruit. When stored for 25 days, the decay rate of the 1-MCP + B. altitudinis Y-14 group was only 8.33%, significantly lower than that of the control. The three treatments delayed the decline in fruit quality, inhibited malondialdehyde accumulation, and increased superoxide dismutase and peroxidase activity levels. The 1-MCP + B. altitudinis Y-14 treatment was more conducive to prolonging the postharvest storage period of blueberries and had the best effect in delaying the decline in fruit quality. Thus, combined 1-MCP and B. altitudinis Y-14 treatment may be an effective way to improve the storage quality and extend the storage period of blueberries, which provides a new way for storing and transporting blueberries to reduce costs and improve economic benefits.

Accurate robot dynamics models are crucial for safe and stable control as well as for generalization to new conditions. Data-driven methods are increasingly used in robotics dynamics modeling for their superior approximation, with extrapolation performance being a critical efficacy indicator. While deep learning is widely used, it often overlooks essential physical principles, leading to weaker extrapolation capabilities. Recent innovations have introduced physics-inspired deep networks that integrate deep learning with physics, leading to improved extrapolation due to their informed structure, but potentially to underfitting in real-world scenarios due to the presence of unmodeled phenomena. This paper presents an experimental framework to assess the extrapolation capabilities of data-driven methods. Using this framework, physics-inspired deep networks are applied to learn the inverse dynamics models of a simulated robotic manipulator and two real physical systems. The results show that under ideal observation conditions physics-inspired models can learn the system’s underlying structure and demonstrate strong extrapolation capabilities, indicating a promising direction in robotics by offering more accurate and interpretable models. However, in real systems their extrapolation often falls short because the physical priors do not capture all dynamic phenomena, indicating room for improvement in practical applications.

Green Velvet Material (PLON), which is prepared from polyester slices, has been called a green material based on its ester composition, its ability to be degraded, and the possibility of recovering the value of used material by reprocessing. PLON is expected to be used as a material for the padding layer of upholstered furniture. This paper presented a comparative study of traditional flexible polyurethane foam and Green Velvet Material as the upholstered furniture’s padding layer. The compression mechanical properties of Green Velvet Material and flexible polyurethane foam, such as indentation force deflection, support performance, compression set, and resilience property, were analyzed. The results showed that Green Velvet Material had lower surface hardness and higher comfort compared to flexible polyurethane foam. In terms of resilience, both high-density and low-density Green Velvet Material performed better than the foam control group, but Green Velvet Material had a poorer ability to regain its shape after prolonged pressure. The 30 kg/m3 density Green Velvet Material was the closest to the compression and resilience properties of flexible polyurethane foam. The conclusions provide theoretical data for the effective and reasonable application of Green Velvet Material in upholstered furniture.

Introduction. The development of combinatorial adjuvants is a promising strategy to boost vaccination efficiency. Accumulating evidence indicates that manganese exerts strong immunocompetence and will become an enormous potential adjuvant. Here, we described a novel combination of Mn2+ plus aluminum hydroxide (AH) adjuvant that significantly exhibited the synergistic immune effect. Methodology. Initially, IsdB3 proteins as the immune-dominant fragment of IsdB proteins derived from Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) were prepared. IsdB3 proteins were identified by western blotting. Furthermore, we immunized C57/B6 mice with IsdB3 proteins plus Mn2+ and AH adjuvant. After the second immunization, the proliferation of lymphocytes was measured by the cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) and the level of IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-10, and IL-17 cytokine from spleen lymphocytes in mice and generation of the antibodies against IsdB3 in serum was detected with ELISA, and the protective immune response was assessed through S. aureus challenge. Results. IsdB3 proteins plus Mn2+ and AH obviously stimulated the proliferation of spleen lymphocytes and increased the secretion of IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-10, and IL-17 cytokine in mice, markedly enhanced the generation of the antibodies against IsdB3 in serum, observably decreased bacterial load in organs, and greatly improved the survival rate of mice. Conclusion. These data showed that the combination of Mn2+ and AH significantly acted a synergistic effect, reinforced the immunogenicity of IsdB3, and offered a new strategy to increase vaccine efficiency.

The raphe nuclei, the primary resource of forebrain 5-HT, play an important but heterogeneous role in regulating subcortical excitabilities. Fundamental circuit organizations of different median raphe (MR) subsystems are far from completely understood. In the present study, using cell-specific viral tracing, Ca2+ fiber photometry and epilepsy model, we map out the forebrain efferent and afferent of different MR Pet+ subpopulations and their divergent roles in epilepsy. We found that PetMR neurons send both collateral and parallel innervations to different downstream regions through different subpopulations. Notably, CA3-projecting PetMR subpopulations are largely distinct from habenula (Hb)-projecting PetMR subpopulations in anatomical distribution and topological organization, while majority of the CA3-projecting PetMR subpopulations are overlapped with the medial septum (MS)-projecting PetMR subpopulations. Further, using Ca2+ fiber photometry, we monitor activities of PetMR neurons in hippocampal-kindling seizure, a classical epilepsy model with pathological mechanisms caused by excitation-inhibition imbalance. We found that soma activities of PetMR neurons are heterogeneous during different periods of generalized seizures. These divergent activities are contributed by different projection-defined PetMR subpopulations, manifesting as increased activities in CA3 but decreased activity in Hb resulting from their upstream differences. Together, our findings provide a novel framework of MR subsystems showing that projection-defined MR Pet+ subpopulations are topologically heterogenous with divergent circuit connections and are diversely implicated in seizures. This may help in the understanding of heterogeneous nature of MR 5-HTergic subsystems and the paradox roles of 5-HTergic systems in epilepsy.

The chemical distribution on the lunar surface results from the combined effects of both endogenic and exogenic geological processes. Exploring global maps of chemical composition helps to gain insights into the compositional variation among three major geological units, unraveling the geological evolution of the Moon. The existing oxide abundance maps were obtained from spectral images of remote sensing and geochemical data from samples returned by Apollo and Luna, missing the chemical characteristics of the Moon’s late critical period. In this study, by adding geochemical data from Chang’e (CE)-5 lunar samples, we construct inversion models between the Christiansen feature (CF) and oxide abundance of lunar samples using the particle swarm optimization–extreme gradient boosting (PSO-XGBoost) algorithm. Then, new global oxide maps (Al2O3, CaO, FeO, and MgO) and Mg# with the resolution of 32 pixels/degree (ppd) were produced, which reduced the space weathering effect to some extent. The PSO-XGBoost models were compared with partial least square regression (PLSR) models and four previous results, indicating that PSO-XGBoost models possess the capability to effectively describe nonlinear relationships between CF and oxide abundance. Furthermore, the average contents of our results and the Diviner results for 21 major maria demonstrate high correlations, with R2 of 0.95, 0.82, 0.95, and 0.86, respectively. In addition, a new Mg# map was generated, which reveals different magmatic evolutionary processes in the three geologic units.

Abstract Background Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common respiratory disease, whose pathogenetic complexity was strongly associated with aging/smoking and poorly understood. Methods Here we performed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) analysis of 66,610 cells from COPD and age-stratified control lung tissues of donors with different smoking histories to prioritize cell types most perturbed in COPD lungs in aging/smoking dependent or independent manner. By performing an array of advanced bioinformatic analyses, such as gene set enrichment analysis, trajectory analysis, cell–cell interactions analysis, regulatory potential analysis, weighted correlation network analysis, functional interaction analysis, and gene set variation analysis, we integrated cell-type-level alterations into a system-level malfunction and provided a more clarified COPD pathological model containing specific mechanisms by which aging and smoking facilitate COPD development. Finally, we integrated the publicly available scRNA-seq data of 9 individuals, resulting in a total of 110,931 cells, and replicated the analyses to enhance the credibility of our findings. Results Our study pointed to enrichment of COPD molecular alteration in monocytes, which further induced a previously unrecognized pro-inflammatory effect on alveolar epithelial cells. In addition, aged monocytes and club cells facilitated COPD development via maintaining an autoimmune airway niche. Unexpectedly, macrophages, whose defect to resolve inflammation was long-recognized in COPD pathogenesis, primarily induced an imbalance of sphingolipids rheostat in a smoking-dependent way. These findings were validated in a meta-analysis including other public single-cell transcriptomic data. Conclusions In sum, our study provided a clarified view of COPD pathogenesis and demonstrated the potential of targeting monocytes in COPD diagnosis and treatment.

Abstract Introduction Staphylococcus aureus seriously threatens human and animal health. IsdB137‐361 of the iron surface determinant B protein (IsdB) from S. aureus exhibits the strong immunogenicity, but its immunoprotective effect is still to be further promoted. Because PEI‐PLGA nanoparticles are generated by PEI conjugate with PLGA to develop great potential as a novel immune adjuvant, the immunogenicity of IsdB137‐361 is likely be strengthened by PEI‐PLGA. Methods Here, PEI‐PLGA nanoparticles containing IsdB137‐361 proteins were prepared by optimizing the entrapment efficiency. Mice were immunized with IsdB137‐361‐PEI‐PLGA nanoparticles to assess their anti‐S. aureus effects. The level of IFN‐γ, IL‐4, IL‐17, and IL‐10 cytokines from spleen lymphocytes in mice and generation of the antibodies against IsdB137‐361 in serum was assessed by ELISA, the protective immune response was appraised by S. aureus challenge. Results IsdB137‐361 proteins loaded by PEI‐PLGA were able to stimulate effectively the proliferation of spleen lymphocytes and increase the secretion of IFN‐γ, IL‐4, IL‐17, and IL‐10 cytokine from spleen lymphocytes, and significantly enhance generation of the antibodies against IsdB137‐361 in serum, reduce the level of bacterial load in liver, spleen and kidney, and greatly improve the survival rate of mice after challenge. Conclusion These data showed that PEI‐PLGA nanoparticles can significantly enhance the immunogenicity of IsdB137‐361 proteins, and provide an important reference for the development of novel immune adjuvant.

To further clarify the impact of different rootstocks in grafted blueberry, fruit quality, mineral contents, and leaf gas exchange were investigated in ‘O’Neal’ blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum) grafted onto ‘Anna’ (V. corymbosum) (AO), ‘Sharpblue’ (V. corymbosum) (SO), ‘Baldwin’ (V. virgatum) (BO), ‘Plolific’ (V. virgatum) (PO), and ‘Tifblue’ (V. virgatum) (TO) rootstocks and own-rooted ‘O’Neal’ (NO), and differences in anatomic structures and drought resistance were determined in AO, TO, and NO. The findings revealed that fruit quality in TO and PO was excellent, that of BO and SO was good, and that of AO and NO was medium. ‘Tifblue’ and ‘Plolific’ rootstocks significantly increased the levels of leaf phosphorus and net photosynthetic rate of ‘O’Neal’, accompanied by a synchronous increase in their transpiration rates, stomatal conductance, and intercellular CO2. Additionally, the comprehensive evaluation scores from a principal component analysis based on anatomic structure traits from high to low were in the order TO > AO > NO. The P50 (xylem water potential at 50% loss of hydraulic conductivity) values of these grafted plants descended in the order NO > AO > TO, and the branch hydraulic conductivity of TO and sapwood hydraulic conductivity of TO and AO were significantly lower than those of NO. Thus, TO plants exhibited the strongest drought resistance, followed by AO, and NO, and this trait was related to the effects of different rootstocks on the fruit quality of ‘O’Neal’ blueberry. These results provided a basis for a deeper understanding of the interaction between rootstocks and scions, as well mechanisms to improve blueberry fruit quality.

Mare basalts on the lunar surface are tangible expressions of the complex thermal evolution and geological processes that have occurred within the lunar interior. These basaltic manifestations are highly important because they provide invaluable insights into lunar geological evolution. Notably, the Oceanus Procellarum region, which is renowned for its extensive and long-lasting basaltic volcanism, is a premier location to investigate late-stage lunar thermal evolution. The primary aim of this research is to elucidate the geomorphological, compositional, and temporal attributes that define the mare basalts within the Oceanus Procellarum region. To achieve this aim, we comprehensively analyzed the geomorphological features present within the region, leveraging Kaguya/SELENE TC images and digital elevation models. Specifically, these geomorphological features encompass impact craters, wrinkle ridges, sinuous rilles, and volcanic domes. Subsequently, we thoroughly examined the mineralogical attributes of basalts in the Oceanus Procellarum region, leveraging Kaguya/SELENE MI data and compositional map products. To more accurately reflect the actual ages of the mare basalts in the Oceanus Procellarum region, we carefully delineated the geological units within the area and employed the latest crater size-frequency distribution (CSFD) technique to precisely determine their ages. This refined approach allowed for a more comprehensive and accurate understanding of the basaltic rocks in the study area. Overall, our comprehensive study included an in-depth analysis of the volcanic activity and evolution of the Oceanus Procellarum region, along with an examination of the correlation between the mineralogical composition and ages of mare basalts. The findings from this exhaustive investigation reveal a definitive age range for basalt units within the Oceanus Procellarum region from approximately 3.69 Ga to 1.17 Ga. Moreover, the latest mare basalts that formed were pinpointed north of the Aristarchus crater. Significantly, the region has experienced at least five distinct volcanic events, occurring approximately 3.40 Ga, 2.92 Ga, 2.39 Ga, 2.07 Ga, and 1.43 Ga, leading to the formation of multiple basalt units characterized by their unique mineral compositions and elemental abundances. Through the application of remote sensing mineralogical analysis, three primary basalt types were identified: low-titanium, very-low-titanium, and intermediate-titanium basalt. Notably, the younger basalt units exhibit an elevated titanium proportion, indicative of progressive olivine enrichment. Consequently, these younger basalt units exhibit more intricate and complex mineral compositions, offering valuable insights into the dynamic geological processes shaping the lunar surface.

Significant interest has been focused on recovery rates, recovery options, and recovery utilization when tailings impoundments are re-mined. However, the stability of the tailings dams during the recovery process is also a severe issue. Based on engineering geological surveys and laboratory tests, the evolution of the Tongling tailings impoundment’s instability characteristics under different recovery heights and diverse working conditions was analyzed by numerical simulation. Firstly, with the help of 2D software, the position of the tailings dam infiltration line and the alteration of the dam safety factor during the stoping process were calculated. Secondly, 3Dmine (2017) software was used to create the 3D surface structure of the tailings impoundment, and then a 3D numerical analysis model was established by means of Midas GTS NX software. The numerical simulation of seepage and stress analyses were conducted based on the model. Consequently, the evolution of the stability characteristics of tailings dam under different operating conditions was calculated. The research demonstrates that the dry beach length of the tailings pond gradually reduces with a decrease in the extraction height, resulting in a lower infiltration line. Under flood conditions, the saturation line has partial overflow due to the poor seepage discharge capacity of the dam. The total displacement of the dam body is inversely proportional to the retrieval height. The more extreme the analyzed working conditions, the more the safety factor will be reduced. Additionally, the plastic variation area of the dam body will be more comprehensive, which will increase the risk of a dam collapse.

Numerical models have become a useful tool for predicting the potential risk caused by debris flows. Although a variety of numerical models have been proposed for the runout simulation of debris flows, the performances of these models in simulating specific events generally vary due to the difference in solving methods and the simulation of the entrainment/deposition processes. In this paper, two typical depth-averaged models have been used to analyze a well-documented debris-flow event that occurred in the Cancia basin on 23 July 2015. The simulations with and without bed entrainment are conducted to investigate the influence of this process on the runout behavior of the debris flow. Results show that the actual runout can be reproduced only by considering bed entrainment. If basal erosion is not taken into account, part of the debris mass deviates from the main path and both models predict unrealistic bank overflows not observed in the field. Moreover, the comparison between measured and simulated inundated areas shows that both models perform generally well in the terms of simulating the erosion-deposition pattern, although the DAN3D model predicts a greater lateral spreading and a thinner depositional thickness compared to Shen’s model. A simple numerical experiment obtains similar consequences and further illustrates the possible reasons that cause these differences.

Methotrexate (MTX) is a folic acid antagonist, the mechanism of action is to inhibit DNA synthesis, repair and cell proliferation by decreasing the activities of several folate-dependent enzymes. It is widely used as a chemotherapy drug for children and adults with malignant tumors. High-dose methotrexate (HD-MTX) is an effective treatment for extramedullary infiltration and systemic consolidation in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). However, significant toxicity results in most patients treated with HD-MTX, which limits its use. HD-MTX-induced toxicity is heterogeneous, and this heterogeneity may be related to gene polymorphisms in related enzymes of the MTX intracellular metabolic pathway. To gain a deeper understanding of the differences in toxicity induced by HD-MTX in individuals, the present review examines the correlation between HD-MTX-induced toxicity and the gene polymorphisms of related enzymes in the MTX metabolic pathway in ALL. In this review, we conclude that only the association of SLCO1B1 and ARID5B gene polymorphisms with plasma levels of MTX and MTX-related toxicity is clearly described. These results suggest that SLCO1B1 and ARID5B gene polymorphisms should be evaluated before HD-MTX treatment. In addition, considering factors such as age and race, the other exact predictor of MTX induced toxicity in ALL needs to be further determined.

In locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC), an improved ability to predict prognosis before and after treatment is needed for individualized treatment. We aimed to utilize pre- and post-treatment clinical predictors and baseline magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) radiomic features for establishing prognostic models to predict progression-free survival (PFS) in patients with LARC. Patients with LARC diagnosed between March 2014 and May 2016 were included in this retrospective study. A radiomic signature based on extracted MRI features and clinical prognostic models based on clinical features were constructed in the training cohort to predict 3-year PFS. C-indices were used to evaluate the predictive accuracies of the radiomic signature, clinical prognostic models, and integrated prognostic model (iPostM). In total, 166 consecutive patients were included (110 vs. 56 for training vs. validation). Eleven radiomic features were filtered out to construct the radiomic signature, which was significantly related to PFS. The MRI feature-derived radiomic signature exhibited better prognostic performance than the clinical prognostic models (P = 0.007 vs. 0.077). Then, we proposed an iPostM that combined the radiomic signature with tumor regression grade. The iPostM achieved the highest C-indices in the training and validation cohorts (0.942 and 0.752, respectively), outperforming other models in predicting PFS (all P < 0.05). Decision curve analysis and survival curves of the validation cohort verified that iPostM demonstrated the best performance and facilitated risk stratification. Therefore, iPostM provided the most reliable prognostic prediction for PFS in patients with LARC.

Solar energetic particles (SEPs) are produced by solar eruptions and are harmful to spacecraft and astronauts. The four source function parameters of particle injection for SEP events and the magnetic turbulence level can be collectively referred to as key parameters. We reproduce the electron intensity-time profiles with simulations for five SEP events observed by multispacecraft such as ACE, STEREO-A, and STEREO-B, so we can obtain the five fitted key parameters for each of the events. We analyze the relationship among the five fitted key parameters, and also the relationship between these parameters and the observed event features. Thus, the model of key parameters are established. Next, we simulate another 12 SEP events with the key parameters model. Though the predicted electron intensity-time profiles do not fit the observed ones well, the peak flux and event-integrated fluence can be predicted accurately. Therefore, the model can be used to estimate the radiation hazards.

Existing studies reported that some circular RNAs (circRNAs) play vital roles in the development of pulmonary fibrosis. However, few studies explored the biomarker potential of circRNAs for pulmonary fibrosis based on population data. Therefore, we aimed to identify peripheral blood circRNAs as potential biomarkers for diagnosing silicosis and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). In brief, an RNA-seq screening based on 4 silicosis cases and 4 controls was initially performed. Differentially expressed circRNAs were combined with the human serum circRNA dataset to identify overlapping serum-detectable circRNAs, followed by validation using the GEO dataset (3 IPF cases and 3 controls) and subsequent qRT-PCR, including 84 additional individuals. Following the above steps, 243 differentially expressed circRNAs were identified during the screening stage, with fold changes ≥ 1.5 and P

Summary: Epilepsy is a circuit-level brain disorder characterized by hyperexcitatory seizures with unclear mechanisms. Here, we investigated the causal roles of calretinin (CR) neurons in the posterior intralaminar thalamic nucleus (PIL) in hippocampal seizures. Using c-fos mapping and calcium fiber photometry, we found that PIL CR neurons were activated during hippocampal seizures in a kindling model. Optogenetic activation of PIL CR neurons accelerated seizure development, whereas inhibition retarded seizure development. Further, viral-based circuit tracing verified that PIL CR neurons were long-range glutamatergic neurons, projecting toward various downstream regions. Interestingly, selective inhibition of PIL-lateral amygdala CR circuit attenuated seizure progression, whereas inhibition of PIL-zona incerta CR circuit presented an opposite effect. These results indicated that CR neurons in the PIL play separate roles in hippocampal seizures via distinct downstream circuits, which complements the pathogenic mechanisms of epilepsy and provides new insight for the precise medicine of epilepsy.

For room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) materials to reach their potential for optical applications, new materials with improved performance must be realized. Here, the authors report multi-confined carbon dots as high stability RTP materials with long afterglow lifetime & high efficiency.

Abstract The existence of walls surrounding targets leads to multi-path return at the radar receiver, which provides additional information about the target, and thus can be exploited to strengthen the quality of through-wall radar imaging (TWRI). Based on this, a multi-path exploitation method is proposed to identify the location of the multi-path ghost. An algorithm that combining the modified Green’s function with back projection algorithm is presented to associate and map the multi-path ghosts to the location of real targets. The theoretical analysis is verified according to the simulation results obtained using gprMAX software as well as practical radar measured data, and our proposed method is shown to outperform that in conventional multi-path exploitation method (Setlur et al., IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens. 49:4021–4034, 2011).

Background. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive and fatal interstitial pneumonia disease with no cure. Communication between injured cells is triggered and maintained by a complicated network of cytokines and their receptors. IL-19 is supported by increasing evidences for a deleterious role in respiratory diseases. However, its potential role in lung fibrosis has never been explored. Methods. Bioinformatic, immunohistochemistry and western blot analysis were used to assess the expression of IL-19 in human and mouse fibrosis lung tissues. CCK-8, transwell and flow cytometry assay were utilized to analyze the effect of IL-19 on biological behaviors of lung fibroblasts. Histopathology was used to elucidate profibrotic effect of IL-19 in vivo. Results. IL-19 was upregulated in fibrosis lung tissues. IL-19 promoted lung fibroblasts proliferation and invasion, inhibited cell apoptosis, and induced differentiation of fibroblasts to the myofibroblast phenotype, which could be revised by LY2109761, a TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway inhibitor. Furthermore, we found that IL-19 aggravated lung fibrosis in murine bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis. Conclusions. Our results imply the profibrotic role for IL-19 through direct effects on lung fibroblasts and the potential of targeting IL-19 for therapeutic intervention in pulmonary fibrosis.

BackgroundDue to individualized conditions of lymph node metastasis (LNM) and distant metastasis (DM), the following therapeutic strategy and diagnosis of T1–2 esophageal cancer (ESCA) patients are varied. A prediction model for identifying risk factors for LNM, DM, and overall survival (OS) of high-risk T1–2 ESCA patients is of great significance to clinical practice.MethodsA total of 1,747 T1–2 ESCA patients screened from the surveillance, epidemiology, and end results (SEER) database were retrospectively analyzed for their clinical data. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were established to screen out risk factors for LNM and DM of T1-2 ESCA patients, while those of OS were screened out using the Cox regression analysis. The identified risk factors for LNM, DM, and OS were then subjected to the establishment of three nomograms, respectively. The accuracy of the nomograms was evaluated by depicting the calibration curve, and the predictive value and clinical utility were evaluated by depicting the clinical impact curve (CIC) and decision curve analysis (DCA), respectively.ResultsThe age, race, tumor grade, tumor size, and T-stage were significant factors for predicting LNM of T1–2 ESCA patients (p < 0.05). The age, T-stage, tumor grade, and tumor size were significant factors for predicting DM of T1–2 ESCA patients (p < 0.05). The age, race, sex, histology, primary tumor site, tumor size, N-stage, M-stage, and surgery were significant factors for predicting OS of T1–2 ESCA patients (p < 0.05). The C-indexes of the three nomograms constructed by these factors were 0.737, 0.764, and 0.740, respectively, suggesting that they were clinically effective.ConclusionsThe newly constructed nomograms can objectively and accurately predict the LNM, DM, and OS of T1–2 ESCA patients, which contribute to the individualized decision making before clinical management.

BackgroundFor different lymph node metastasis (LNM) and distant metastasis (DM), the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of T1-2 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are different. It is essential to figure out the risk factors and establish prediction models related to LNM and DM.MethodsBased on the surveillance, epidemiology, and end results (SEER) database from 1973 to 2015, a total of 43,156 eligible T1-2 NSCLC patients were enrolled in the retrospective study. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the risk factors of LNM and DM. Risk factors were applied to construct the nomograms of LNM and DM. The predictive nomograms were discriminated against and evaluated by Concordance index (C-index) and calibration plots, respectively. Decision curve analysis (DCAs) was accepted to measure the clinical application of the nomogram. Cumulative incidence function (CIF) was performed further to detect the prognostic role of LNM and DM in NSCLC-specific death (NCSD).ResultsEight factors (age at diagnosis, race, sex, histology, T-stage, marital status, tumor size, and grade) were significant in predicting LNM and nine factors (race, sex, histology, T-stage, N-stage, marital status, tumor size, grade, and laterality) were important in predicting DM(all, P< 0.05). The calibration curves displayed that the prediction nomograms were effective and discriminative, of which the C-index were 0.723 and 0.808. The DCAs and clinical impact curves exhibited that the prediction nomograms were clinically effective.ConclusionsThe newly constructed nomograms can objectively and accurately predict LNM and DM in patients suffering from T1-2 NSCLC, which may help clinicians make individual clinical decisions before clinical management.

Flavonoids have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties, and may alleviate food allergic reactions and intestinal inflammation induced by ω-5 gliadin, a main allergen of wheat food allergy in children. In this study, a human basophil KU812 cell degranulation model and a Caco-2 monolayer cell model were constructed in vitro to evaluate the effects of four flavonoids on the allergenicity of ω-5 gliadin peptides and ω-5 gliadin peptide-induced barrier damage in Caco-2 intestinal epithelial monolayers. The results show that baicalein, luteolin, isorhamnetin and naringenin can significantly inhibit the degranulation of KU812 cells stimulated by ω-5 gliadin-derived peptide P4 and the release of IL-6 and TNF-α. In addition, the four flavonoids significantly inhibited the ω-5 gliadin-derived peptide P4 to induce the release of IL-6, IL-8 in Caco-2 cells, inhibited the release of zonulin, and significantly increase the expression of tight junction proteins Occludin and ZO-1 in the Caco-2 cell monolayer. In conclusion, baicalein, luteolin, isorhamnetin and naringenin inhibit degranulation stimulated by wheat allergen and enhance intestinal barrier functions, which supports the potential pharmaceutical application of the four flavonoids treatment for wheat food allergy.

To expand the application range of fast-growing poplar, a modification method of poplar impregnated with nano-SiO2 and urea-formaldehyde resin was proposed in this study. Taking the mass ratio of nano-SiO2 mass to the solid content of urea-formaldehyde resin impregnation solution (W), high-temperature (H), and high-temperature time (T) as influencing factors, the effects of impregnation high-temperature heat treatment modification on the physical and mechanical properties of fast-growing poplar were explored. At the same time, the weight loss rate, oven-dry density, dry shrinkage properties, swelling properties, modulus of rupture (MOR), and modulus of elasticity (MOE) of the modified poplar were measured. The research results show that both the weight loss rate and the coefficient of variation of the oven-dry density have a high correlation with the temperature; the high-temperature immersion heat treatment can reduce the dry shrinkage and swelling of poplar, improve the dimensional stability, MOR, and MOE. W is 0–1%, H is 160 °C, and T is 2–4 h. The impregnated heat-treated wood has good MOR and MOE. Therefore, the combination of nano-SiO2 and urea-formaldehyde resin impregnation and heat treatment to modify poplar can improve some physical and mechanical properties of fast-growing poplar, expand the use of poplar, increase its added value, and realize high-value utilization.

In situ resource utilization (ISRU) is required for the operation of both medium and long-term exploration missions to provide metallic materials for the construction of lunar base infrastructure and H2O and O2 for life support. The study of the distribution of the lunar surface elements (Fe, Ti, Al, and Si) is the basis for the in situ utilization of mineral resources. With the arrival of the era of big data, the application of big data concepts and technical methods to lunar surface chemistry inversion has become an inevitable trend. This paper is guided by big data theory, and the Apollo 17 region and the area near the Copernicus crater are selected for analysis. The dimensionality of the first-order differential spectral features of lunar soil samples is reduced based on Pearson correlation analysis and the successive projections algorithm (SPA), and the extremely randomized trees (Extra-Trees) algorithm is applied to Chang’E-1 Interference Imaging Spectrometer (IIM) data to establish a prediction model for the lunar surface chemistry and generate FeO, TiO2, Al2O3, and SiO2 distribution maps. The results show that the optimum number of variables for FeO, TiO2, Al2O3, and SiO2 is 17, 5, 8, and 30, respectively. The accuracy of the Extra-Trees model using the best variables was improved over that of the original band model, with determination coefficients (R2) of 0.962, 0.944, 0.964, and 0.860 for FeO, TiO2, Al2O3, and SiO2, and root mean square errors (RMSEs) of 1.028, 0.672, 0.942, and 0.897, respectively. The modeling feature variables and model preference methods in this study can improve the inversion accuracy of chemical abundance to some extent, demonstrating the potential of IIM data in predicting chemical abundance and providing a good data basis for lunar geological evolution studies and ISRU.

Plywood has poor sound insulation due to its insufficient areal density, which cannot satisfy the demands of an indoor acoustic environment. This report proposed to use furfuryl alcohol to impregnate poplar veneer as a raw material for plywood and explored the sound insulation potential of furfuryl alcohol-modified poplar veneer. The effect of different formulations on the sound insulation performance of modified veneers was discussed, such as furfuryl alcohol concentrations, catalyst categories, and solvent categories. The weight percent gain (WPG) and areal density (AD) were used to evaluate the impregnation effectiveness of furfuryl alcohol modification. The sound insulation was measured by the impedance tube method. The results showed that the WPG of the furfuryl alcohol-modified veneers was evident, and the AD was effectively improved. Furthermore, the average sound insulation of furfuryl alcohol-modified poplar veneer was 25.68~40.10 dB, which increased by 10.8~19.1% compared with that of unmodified veneer. The modified veneer with 50% furfuryl alcohol concentration, taking isopropanol as a solvent, and maleic anhydride as a catalyst, had the optimal sound insulation performance. At the same time, the cell microstructure and chemical components were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) theory to explain the sound insulation mechanism further. The results showed that the distortion of cell walls was improved, suggesting a change in the mechanical properties of the cell wall. At the same time, more micropores formed since the filling of furfuryl alcohol resin, yielding a tortuous propagation pathway, so the sound insulation performance improved. Finally, it demonstrated the potential of furfuryl alcohol-modified poplar veneer as raw material to prepare plywood with excellent sound insulation.

FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3)-internal tandem duplication (FLT3-ITD) mutations occur in about 25% of all acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients and confer a poor prognosis. FLT3 inhibitors have been developed to treat patients with FLT3-mutated AML and have shown promise, though the acquisition of resistance occurs, highlighting the need for combination therapies to prolong the response to FLT3 inhibitors. In this study, we investigated the selective Mcl-1 inhibitor AZD5991 in combination with the FLT3 inhibitors gilteritinib and MRX-2843. The combinations synergistically induce apoptosis in AML cell lines and primary patient samples. The FLT3 inhibitors downregulate c-Myc transcripts through the suppression of the MEK/ERK and JAK2/STAT5 pathways, resulting in the decrease in c-Myc protein. This suppression of c-Myc plays an important role in the antileukemic activity of AZD5991. Interestingly, the suppression of c-Myc enhances AZD5991-inudced cytochrome c release and the subsequent induction of apoptosis. AZD5991 enhances the antileukemic activity of the FLT3 inhibitors gilteritinib and MRX-2843 against FLT3-mutated AML in vitro, warranting further development.

Abstract To investigate the associations between the functional single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the miR‐125 family and the survival of non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients, we systematically selected six functional SNPs located in three pre‐miRNAs (miR‐125a, miR‐125b‐1, miR‐125b‐2). Cox proportional hazard regression analyses were conducted to estimate the crude and adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Reporter gene luciferase assay was performed to examine the relationship between the SNPs and transcriptive activity of the miRNAs. The expression of miRNAs in different cells was detected using quantitative real‐time PCR assay. We found that rs2241490 (upstream of miR‐125b‐1, G > A, adjusted HR = 1.24, 95%CI = 1.05‐1.48, P = 0.014, in dominant model; adjusted HR = 1.18, 95%CI = 1.03‐1.35, P = 0.014, in additive model), rs512932 (upstream of miR‐125b‐1, A > G, dominant model: adjusted HR = 1.25, 95%CI = 1.05‐1.48, P = 0.013) and rs8111742 (upstream of miR‐125a, G > A, dominant model: adjusted HR = 0.84, 95%CI = 0.71‐1.00, P = 0.047) were associated with the prognosis of 1001 Chinese NSCLC patients. The combined analysis of the three SNPs related the number of risk alleles (rs2241490‐A, rs512932‐G and rs8111742‐G) to death risk of NSCLC in a locus‐dosage mode (P for trend

To improve the dispersion of graphene oxide particles in wood for better thermal conductivity, this paper proposes the feasibility of obtaining graphene oxide with a smaller particle size using ball milling and its application in melamine resin-modified poplar veneer. The median diameter of multilayer graphene oxide was measured to learn the effects of different ball milling conditions on the particle size of graphene oxide, and the optimum ball milling process was chosen. In addition, the microscopic characterization of graphene oxide under the optimum ball milling process was carried out to investigate the microstructural changes in multilayer graphene after ball milling. Furthermore, the thermal conductivity of the graphene oxide/melamine resin-impregnated mixture modified veneer with the optimum ball milling process was also tested. The results show that, under the optimum ball milling process conditions of SDS wet ball milling with a vibration frequency of 30 Hz for 60 min, the particle size of the multilayer graphene was the smallest, and the median diameter could be reduced to 124 nm. Simultaneously, the thermal conductivity of the melamine resin-modified poplar veneer enhanced by the ball-milled graphene reached 0.405 W·m−1·K−1. In addition, it revealed that the number of graphene oxide layers was reduced to four after ball milling. However, the multilayer graphene was partially oxidized, the lamellar structure was destroyed and the crystallinity was reduced.

Alisma orientale (Sam.) Juzep (A. orientale) is a traditional herb that is often used to treat disease including edema and hyperlipidemia. However, the molecular mechanism by which Alisma orientale (Sam.) Juzep exerts its hypolipidemic effects remains unclear. In this study, a diabetic rat model was established by feeding a high-fat and high-sugar diet combined with a low-dose streptozotocin injection (HFS). Then the rats were treated with an A. orientale water extract (AOW), an A. orientale ethanolic extract (AOE) or metform (MET). The gut microflora and liver transcriptome were analyzed by high-throughput next-generation sequencing. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole-mass spectrometry was employed to analyze the major compounds in the AOE. The results showed that the serum total cholesterol (TC) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels in rats of the AOE group (2.10 g/kg/day, 14 days) were significantly lower than those in the HFS group (p

The combination of natural wood and graphene can provide a new type of material with excellent mechanical properties and thermal conductivity. However, it is difficult for graphene to uniformly penetrate the wood due to the anisotropy of natural wood and the agglomeration of graphene. In this work, poplar veneer was treated with low-energy-density microwave to expand the entry pathways for the graphene steering liquid. The porosity, weight percent gain, and chromatic aberration were used to examine the impact of the microwave time and power. We tested the mechanical properties, thermal conductivity of the graphene/polyvinyl alcohol-modified poplar veneer to evaluate its properties. At the same time, SEM, XRD, and FT-IR were used to characterize its physical and chemical structure. The results showed that low-energy-density microwave treatment increased the weight percentage gain (WPG) and porosity without affecting the mechanical properties of the poplar veneer. The graphene-modified poplar veneer with the optimal overall performance was obtained by microwave treatment at 100% microwave power for 50 s. Indeed, the micro-characterization also revealed that the microwave treatment mostly attacked the wood rays but had little effect on the materialized structure. Therefore, low-energy-density microwave treatment could be an energy-saving and efficient way to improve graphene-impregnated veneers.

The triggering threshold is one of the most important parameters for landslide early warning systems (EWSs) at the slope scale. In the present work, a velocity threshold is recommended for an early warning system of the Gapa landslide in Southwest China, which was reactivated by the impoundment of a large reservoir behind Jinping’s first dam. Based on GNSS monitoring data over the last five years, the velocity threshold is defined by a novel method, which is implemented by the forward and reverse double moving average of time series. As the landslide deformation is strongly related to the fluctuations in reservoir water levels, a crucial water level is also defined to reduce false warnings from the velocity threshold alone. In recognition of the importance of geological evolution, the evolution process of the Gapa landslide from topping to sliding is described in this study to help to understand its behavior and predict its potential trends. Moreover, based on the improved Saito’s three-stage deformation model, the warning level is set as “attention level”, because the current deformation stage of the landslide is considered to be between the initial and constant stages. At present, the early warning system mainly consists of six surface displacement monitoring sites and one water level observation site. If the daily recorded velocity in each monitoring site exceeds 4 mm/d and, meanwhile, the water level is below 1820 m above sea level (asl), a warning of likely landslide deformation accelerations will be released by relevant monitoring sites. The thresholds are always discretely exceeded on about 3% of annual monitoring days, and they are most frequently exceeded in June (especially in mid-June). The thresholds provide an efficient and effective way for judging accelerations of this landslide and are verified by the current application. The work presented provides critical insights into the development of early warning systems for reservoir-induced large-scale landslides.

Reservoir filling can affect the landslide stability and cause the landslide deformation within the reservoir area. In this paper, a physical model test and a series of numerical analyses were combined to investigate the landslide deformation and stability under reservoir filling. The surface deformation, deep displacement, and pore water pressure were recorded during the physical model test. In the model test, the increasing period of the pore water pressure inside the landslide is proposed to be a critical period for the landslide subjected to the reservoir filling. During this period, large landslide deformation occurred. The numerical analyses show that a greater factor of safety (FOS) appeared under a higher water level rising rate or a lower permeability coefficient during the water level rising stage when other variables are fixed, due to the domination of the reservoir buttressing effect which can increase the landslide resistance. During the reservoir maintaining stage, the reservoir water infiltrated into the landslide continuously to cause the matric suction dissipation and pore water pressure increase, which reduced the landslide shear strength and then decreased the landslide stability.

The cumulative displacement-time curve is the most common and direct method used to predict the deformation trends of landslides and divide the deformation stages. A new method based on the inverse logistic function considering inverse distance weighting (IDW) is proposed to predict the displacement of landslides, and the quantitative standards of dividing the deformation stages and determining the critical sliding time are put forward. The proposed method is applied in some landslide cases according to the displacement monitoring data and shows that the new method is effective. Moreover, long-term displacement predictions are applied in two landslides. Finally, summarized with the application in other landslide cases, the value of displacement acceleration, 0.9 mm/day2, is suggested as the first early warning standard of sliding, and the fitting function of the acceleration rate with the volume or length of landslide can be considered the secondary critical threshold function of landslide failure.

In this study, the effects of the addition of Tween 80 and acetone on secretion, structure and antioxidant activities of Lentinus tigrinus exopolysaccharides (EPS) were investigated. It was found that Tween 80 and acetone displayed a stimulatory effect on EPS secretion. The EPS obtained by the addition of Tween 80 (EPS-T), acetone (EPS-A) and control (EPS-C) were purified by Sepharose CL-6B gel filtration chromatography and molecular mass of purified fractions was estimated to be 22.1, 137 and 12 kDa, respectively. Monosaccharide composition analysis indicated that EPS-T, EPS-A and EPS-C were mainly composed of glucose and mannose. Congo Red test indicated that EPS-T and EPS-A had a highly ordered conformation of triple helix, while EPS-C had a random coil conformation. Furthermore, EPS-A exhibited higher DPPH scavenging and antiproliferative activities than EPS-C and EPS-T, which might be attributed to the molecular mass.

Previous meta-analysis has not shown different effects of miR-608 rs4919510 polymorphism in specific cancer types and reported no significant association between rs4919510 and cancer risk among Chinese. However, more recent findings have been inconsistent. Therefore, we performed an updated meta-analysis to examine whether this polymorphism is associated with cancer risk based on ethnicity and type. A total of 18 case-control studies, comprising 12,517 cases and 15,624 controls, were included in our study. Surprisingly, in contrast with previous meta-analysis, a significant association between the rs4919510 polymorphism and cancer risk was observed in Chinese (CG vs CC: odds ratio = 1.11; 95% confidence interval = 1.04–1.19). In further stratified analyses based on cancer type, rs4919510 was significantly associated with an increased risk of papillary thyroid cancer (CG vs CC: odds ratio = 1.25; 95% confidence interval = 1.01–1.54) and exhibited borderline significant associations with increased risk of gastric cancer (GG vs CC: odds ratio = 1.27; 95% confidence interval = 1.00–1.62) and lung cancer (CG vs CC: odds ratio = 1.14; 95% confidence interval = 0.99–1.32), but a decreased risk of colorectal cancer (GG vs CC: odds ratio = 0.74; 95% confidence interval = 0.60–0.91). Moreover, the RegulomeDB database indicated that rs4919510 may affect the expression of two nearby genes ( SEMA4G and MRPL43 ), and the Cancer Genome Atlas database revealed that the expression level of SEMA4G was significantly lower in colorectal cancer and lung cancer tissues than that in adjacent non-tumour tissues, while the expression level of SEMA4G was significantly higher in gastric cancer tissues than that in adjacent non-tumour tissues. These findings provide evidence that the miR-608 rs4919510 polymorphism may modify cancer susceptibility in a type-specific manner. Furthermore, SEMA4G may function as an oncogene or tumour suppressor to regulate tumour development in a type-specific manner. Further studies with experimental evaluations are warranted.

In this study, a novel guar gum-bentonite composite was synthesized and its efficiency for removal of the Pb(II) species from wastewater was evaluated. The results from adsorption experiments showed that the material achieved maximum adsorption of the Pb(II) ions at pH value of 4 and contact time of 120 min. The composite material was characterized by TEM, SEM, EDX, XRD, FTIR, and TGA. Kinetic studies were carried out based upon pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second order models, as well as intraparticle diffusion model, in which pseudosecond-order model exhibited optimal fitting results, confirming that chemisorption plays the role as rate-determining step in the adsorption process. Besides, the intraparticle diffusion model demonstrates that adsorption of the Pb(II) ions on guar gum-bentonite composes of three steps. The test results were fitted with Langmuir, Temkin, Sips as well as Freundlich isotherm models. The best fitting was observed with the Freundlich isotherm model, which implies a multilayer adsorption of Pb(II) on this material. For Langmuir isotherm model, maximum adsorption capacity was found to be 200.23 mg·g−1. Thermodynamic studies have shown that this process is spontaneous, heat-absorbing as well as stochastic increasing chemisorption process. The material was regenerated using 0.15 M HCl and the regeneration could reach the fifth cycle. The composite was also successfully used for removing heavy metals from the battery manufacturing wastewater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]