Search

Mitochondrial alternative oxidase 1a (AOX1a) plays an extremely important role in the critical node of seed viability during storage. However, the regulatory mechanism is still poorly understood. The aim of this study was to identify the regulatory mechanisms by comparing OsAOX1a-RNAi and wild-type (WT) rice seed during artificial aging treatment. Weight gain and time for the seed germination percentage decreased to 50% (P50) in OsAOX1a-RNAi rice seed, indicating possible impairment in seed development and storability. Compared to WT seeds at 100%, 90%, 80%, and 70% germination, the NADH- and succinate-dependent O2 consumption, the activity of mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase, and ATP contents all decreased in the OsAOX1a-RNAi seeds, indicating that mitochondrial status in the OsAOX1a-RNAi seeds after imbibition was weaker than in the WT seeds. In addition, the reduction in the abundance of Complex I subunits showed that the capacity of the mitochondrial electron transfer chain was significantly inhibited in the OsAOX1a-RNAi seeds at the critical node of seed viability. The results indicate that ATP production was impaired in the OsAOX1a-RNAi seeds during aging. Therefore, we conclude that mitochondrial metabolism and alternative pathways were severely inhibited in the OsAOX1a-RNAi seeds at critical node of viability, which could accelerate the collapse of seed viability. The precise regulatory mechanism of the alternative pathway at the critical node of viability needs to be further analyzed. This finding might provide the basis for developing monitoring and warning indicators when seed viability declines to the critical node during storage.

Fatigue is a complex physiological phenomenon that reflects worsening physical function and can lead to poor work performance, safety and health conditions. The research targets to obtain the degree of eye fatigue of college students in fixed sitting posture. An eye movement detection method was proposed in this paper. Using the wireless transmission eye tracker and its supporting software from the American Laboratory of Applied Sciences (ASL), three basic types of eye movements were examined, including blink, gaze, and saccade. The results show that with the increase of fatigue, participants’ blink time increased first and then decreased. During fatigue, the pupil diameter increased by about 91% and the percentage of fixation time decreased by about 31.31%. Compared with waking state, the average fixation time increased by about 9%, saccade distance decreased by about 40%. The research results can provide reference for fatigue monitoring and accident prevention.

Fully utilizing the energy generated by the explosion of pulverized coal will contribute to realize the clean and efficient exploitation of coal resources. The pulverized coal explosion characteristics will be a far-reaching and important task to explore. In this paper, ten kinds of low-quality coals such as high sulfur, high ash, and low metamorphic degree coals were investigated and the minimum ignition energy (MIE), lower explosion limit (LEL), and explosion intensity (EI) parameters under different particle sizes and coal powder concentration conditions were also analyzed combined with a 1.2-L Hartmann tube and a 20-L explosion sphere experimental system. Finally, the morphological characteristics of the exploded coal powder surface were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results show that the particle size is positively correlated with MIE. LEL shows an inverted “U”-shaped trend with the increasing degree of coal deterioration. The low-rank coal is more flammable and explosive. The maximum pressure PMax at the LEL concentration and maximum pressure rise rate (dP/dt)Max overall value is small. Here, optimum pulverized coal particle size (75μm) for explosive utilization of low-quality coal was determined. Within 50–225 g/m3 of pulverized coal concentration range, the explosion intensity increases with increasing concentration. The smaller the particle size of pulverized coal, the greater the possibility of agglomeration of pulverized coal particles. The surface of the exploded coal particles produces more developed pores. They are irregularly shaped and have more rounded edges than the original coal.

Coal spontaneous combustion (CSC) is a major disaster threatening coal mine safety; therefore, the investigation of coal spontaneous combustion and oxidation characteristics has been a hot topic in the long term. In this paper, the experimental temperature programmed system is used to carry out the simulation experiment of coal spontaneous combustion and oxidation of three kinds of coal with different metamorphic degrees under three oxygen concentrations (9%, 15%, 21%). The effects of metamorphic degree and oxygen concentration on coal oxidation characteristics were analyzed, and the variation laws of crossing point temperature, three characteristic point temperature, and apparent activation energy were qualitatively discussed. Finally, coal oxidation reaction stages were evaluated and divided. The results show that the concentrations of CO and C

In our work, fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) with higher ionic conductivity and oxidative stability has been used to replace ethylene carbonate along with 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl-2,2,3,3-tetrafluor...

Fully utilizing the energy generated by the explosion of pulverized coal will contribute to realize the clean and efficient exploitation of coal resources. The pulverized coal explosion characteristics will be a far-reaching and important task to explore. In this paper, ten kinds of low-quality coals such as high sulfur, high ash, and low metamorphic degree coals were investigated and the minimum ignition energy (MIE), lower explosion limit (LEL), and explosion intensity (EI) parameters under different particle sizes and coal powder concentration conditions were also analyzed combined with a 1.2-L Hartmann tube and a 20-L explosion sphere experimental system. Finally, the morphological characteristics of the exploded coal powder surface were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results show that the particle size is positively correlated with MIE. LEL shows an inverted "U"-shaped trend with the increasing degree of coal deterioration. The low-rank coal is more flammable and explosive. The maximum pressure P

Localized high-concentration electrolytes have attracted much attention of researchers due to their low viscosity, low cost, and relatively higher electrochemical performance than their low-concentration counterparts. In our work, 1.5 M (mol L-1) locally concentrated ether-based electrolyte has been obtained by adding 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl-2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropyl ether (HFE) into a 4 M LiFSI concentrated dimethoxyethane (DME)-based electrolyte. The optimal ratio is determined by density functional theory (DFT) calculation and experimental combination, and finally, DH(3/5)-1.5M-LiFSI (DME/HFE = 3:5 by volume) is obtained. The electrolyte not only has relatively good physical properties such as low viscosity and high conductivity but also shows decent electrochemical performance. Li∥Cu half-cells can maintain a coulombic efficiency of no less than 99% after circulating for 250 cycles under the condition of 1 mA cm-2 current density and 1 mAh cm-2 lithium deposition for each cycle, and the stable battery polarization voltage was about 50 mV. Furthermore, 0.15 M lithium trifluoromethyl acetate (LiCO2CF3) has been added as an additive to enhance the oxidation stability. The new electrolyte DH(3/5)-1.65M-LiFC (LiFC/LiFSI + LiCO2CF3) makes Li||NCM523 batteries maintain about 83% capacity after cycling for 250 times with a 0.5 C charge current density and a 1 C discharge current density of 160 mAh g-1 when charged to 4.3 V. Furthermore, this new additive has a little negative effect on the Li||Cu half-cell performance under the same condition as before, indicating this new type of localized high-concentration DME-based electrolyte benefits both high-voltage cathode and lithium-metal anode.

Lithium sulfur batteries have been widely studied because of their high energy density. However, their commercialization has been impeded by several problems, such as the poor conductivity of the active material sulfur and its discharge products, the volume expansion and the shuttle effect caused by the polysulfide intermediates dissolving in organic electrolytes. To address these problems well, we have constructed high sulfur content spherical sulfur-carbon nanotube-polyethylene glycol-nickel nitrate hydroxide (SCNT-PEG-NNH) composite material by using a simple ball-milling method. The conductivity of the composite material gets improvement due to the spherical conductive frame constructed by CNT, while the shuttle effect of polysulfides is well inhibited by the wrapping of the PEG and the fixation of NNH. The results of electrochemical tests have shown that the performance of cathode made by the SCNT-PEG-NNH composite material is greatly improved. Therefore, the SCNT-PEG-NNH composite material can be a promising cathode material for lithium sulfur batteries.

With the popularization of all-electric vehicles, the application of all-electric vehicles in traffic accidents is more and more. It is also difficult to solve the problems such as the selection of fire extinguishing agent for electric vehicles, the update control of high-pressure protection and emergency rescue. Based on the comparison and analysis of the normal operation of automatic sprinkling extinguishing agent and the reaction conditions inside lithium battery, this paper puts forward the updating method of selecting and controlling extinguishing agent for all-electric vehicle. And by analyzing the characteristics and danger of all-electric vehicle traffic accident, the insulation protection and power off method for all-electric fire and emergency rescue are also mentioned in this paper.

Lithium-metal batteries have attracted extensive attention due to the increasing demand for storage devices with high energy density. For the modification of lithium-metal battery, how to effectively inhibit the growth of lithium dendrites has become a key challenge. Ether electrolytes have been widely used owing to their good compatibility with lithium metal. However, they are still difficult to be applied in high-voltage battery systems because of the poor cathodic stability. In this work, we have dissolved the lithium carboxylate, LiCO

Transition metal sulfides are widely used in energy storage and conversion due to their exclusive physical and chemical performance. In this work, FeSx/C/CNT composites have been prepared by spray drying assisted and then calcined in an Ar atmosphere. As lithium-ion battery anodes and electrode material for supercapacitor, the FeSx/C/CNT composites display the excellent reversible capacity, capacitance and cycle stabilities. Cyclic voltammetry at different scan rates indicate that the Faraday electrochemical reaction and surface capacitance behavior occur simultaneously when the FeSx/C/CNT composites act as anode material for lithium ion battery. Cycling under 200 mA g−1 current density for 100 times, the Coulomb efficiency is still about 99% while the capacity is about 630 mAh g−1. At the current density of 1, 2, 3 and 5 A g−1, the specific capacitances of the FeSx/C/CNT composites are 617.5, 508.0, 436.1 and 365.0 F g−1, respectively. Thus, as-prepared FeSx/C/CNT composites are expected to become anode materials for high-performance lithium-ion batteries and electrode materials for high-performance supercapacitors.

We have found that the formation of passivation film plays a major role in the negative shift of the decomposition voltage in the hydrogen-generating process. Both the hydrolysis of weak acid ions and the decarboxylation reaction of carboxylate can make the LiCO2CH3 produce a passivation film to inhibit the water decomposition to a certain extent. As for the LiCO2CF3 without hydrolysis of weak acid ion, it can be highly possible to facilitate the introduction of CO2 via its carboxylate specific decarboxylation reaction, and further produce lithium carbonate passivation film as well. However, the water decomposition voltage in the oxygen-producing process is more dependent on the properties of lithium salt anions. Those with strong electron-absorbing groups such as the trifluoromethyl are more likely to effectively endue the aqueous electrolyte with a high oxidative decomposition potential. Moreover, the concentration of LiCO2CF3 aqueous electrolyte can reach up to 28 mol kg−1, and hence the electrochemical stability window of this water-base electrolyte can be expanded to about 3.0 V. This work provides a new idea for the selection of high concentration lithium salt.

Flexible benefits cannot be ignored in the promotion of the employee's work well-being. On the basis of introducing the concept of flexible benefits and work well-being, this paper analyzes the relationship between flexible benefits and work well-being, and proposes the research hypothesis, establishes the theoretical model, and takes the new generation staff as the research object, and uses the method of stepwise multiple regression to test the hypothesis. The final result shows that the influence of education and training welfare, sports and entertainment welfare, holiday welfare and housing and transportation welfare on the work well-being of the new generation staff is significant, and the effect of safety and health welfare, family allowance and holiday allowance is not obvious, which provides the direction for the construction of flexible benefits.

In this paper, a diagnosis plan is proposed to settle the detection and isolation problem of open switch faults in high-speed railway traction system traction inverters. Five entropy forms are discussed and compared with the traditional fault detection methods, namely, discrete wavelet transform and discrete wavelet packet transform. The traditional fault detection methods cannot efficiently detect the open switch faults in traction inverters because of the low resolution or the sudden change of the current. The performances of Wavelet Packet Energy Shannon Entropy (WPESE), Wavelet Packet Energy Tsallis Entropy (WPETE) with different non-extensive parameters, Wavelet Packet Energy Shannon Entropy with a specific sub-band (WPESE3,6), Empirical Mode Decomposition Shannon Entropy (EMDESE), and Empirical Mode Decomposition Tsallis Entropy (EMDETE) with non-extensive parameters in detecting the open switch fault are evaluated by the evaluation parameter. Comparison experiments are carried out to select the best entropy form for the traction inverter open switch fault detection. In addition, the DC component is adopted to isolate the failure Isolated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT). The simulation experiments show that the proposed plan can diagnose single and simultaneous open switch faults correctly and timely.

In order to investigate the function of arbuscular mycorrhizae in Tibetan Plateau Alpine meadow ecosystems, experiments were carried out to evaluate the influence of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi on inter-specific competition between the poisonous plant, Ligularia virgaurea, and the grazing grass, Elymus nutans, at different relative densities. Our results showed that the biomass of L. virgaurea significantly declined in AM treatments while the biomass of E. nutans increased in our inter-specific competition system. Relative yields and root/shoot ratios of these two species indicated that AM fungi had a significant influence on the growth of L. virgaurea and E. nutans. This implies that arbuscular mycorrhiza do not benefit both plant species equally but rather contribute to the growth of E. nutans more than L. virgaurea. We thus provide evidence that AM fungi could regulate plant interactions and influence the plant community structure in the Tibetan Plateau Alpine meadow ecosystem.