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The rapid and accurate authentication of traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) has always been a key scientific and technical problem in the field of pharmaceutical analysis. Herein, a novel heating online extraction electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (H-oEESI-MS) was developed for the rapid and direct analysis of extremely complex substances without the requirement for any sample pretreatment or pre-separation steps. The overall molecular profile and fragment structure features of various herbal medicines could be completely captured within 10–15 s, with minimal sample ( 0.87, R(2)Y > 0.91, and Q(2) > 0.72), which further verified the feasibility and reliability of this comprehensive strategy for the rapid authentication of different TCMs based on H-oEESI-MS. In summary, this rapid authentication strategy realized the ultra-high-throughput, low-cost, and standardized detection of various complex TCMs for the first time, thereby demonstrating wide applicability and value for the development of quality standards for TCMs.

Controlling crystal growth and reducing the number of grain boundaries are crucial to maximize the charge carrier transport in organic-inorganic perovskite field-effect transistors (FETs). Herein, the crystallization and growth kinetics of a Sn(ii)-based 2D perovskite, using 2-thiopheneethylammonium (TEA) as the organic cation spacer, were effectively regulated by the hot-casting method. With increasing crystalline grain size, the local charge carrier mobility is found to increase moderately from 13 cm2 V−1 s−1 to 16 cm2 V−1 s−1, as inferred from terahertz (THz) spectroscopy. In contrast, the FET operation parameters, including mobility, threshold voltage, hysteresis, and subthreshold swing, improve substantially with larger grain size. The optimized 2D (TEA)2SnI4 transistor exhibits hole mobility of up to 0.34 cm2 V−1 s−1 at 295 K and a higher value of 1.8 cm2 V−1 s−1 at 100 K. Our work provides an important insight into the grain engineering of 2D perovskites for high-performance FETs.

The “signatures” of rare earth elements (REEs) in fossil bones are used as proxies for provenance, taphonomy, and palaeoenvironment evaluations. However, measuring the content of REEs requires several steps, which is highly time-consuming. An online detection approach involving sequential leaching with mass spectrometry was developed to quantify REEs in dinosaur (Yimenosaurus species) bone. Five fractions of REEs (water-soluble, exchangeable, reducible, oxidizable, and crystalline) could be detected sequentially within 1 h and consume only 1 mg of sample. Most importantly, compared with traditional methods, our method was more accurate, faster (1 h), consumed less sample (1 mg), and could provide more information regarding the spatial distribution of REEs. Our method allowed rapid analyses of REEs in different phases and had good sensitivity and accuracy.

Remote sensing satellites are playing very important roles in diverse earth observation fields. However, long revisit period, high cost and dense cloud cover have been the main limitations of satel...

Despite growing work on the positive outcomes resulting from ambidextrous leadership, limited research has examined whether ambidextrous leadership always has desirable consequences on followers. In order to achieve explorative and exploitative innovation, ambidextrous leaders are required to perform two styles of leadership behaviors, namely opening and closing leadership behaviors. The present study argues that as followers are reliant on their leaders to provide them with information and clarification about the tasks, by engaging in ambidextrous leadership behaviors to try and foster innovative behaviors amongst their followers, the leader may unintendedly increase the follower’s job stress and role ambiguity. Drawing on a sample of 416 leader–follower dyads, we established that while ambidextrous leadership contributes to the innovative behaviors of followers, it also increases followers’ job stress and role ambiguity, which subsequently reduces innovative behaviors. The results suggest that ambidextrous leadership has two faces, enabling and burdening, which can both enhance and stifle innovative behaviors.

Inverted top-emitting organic light-emitting devices (TEOLEDs) have great potential in flat-panel displays and lighting, yet poor electron injection is a key issue limiting its use in active-matrix OLED. Here, a high-performance green phosphorescent inverted TEOLEDs with ZnO and ZnS double electron injection layers (EILs) were demonstrated. The double EILs which provide a work function gradient can greatly enhance the electron-injection efficiency. For the green phosphorescent TEOLED device based on this double EILs, a high current efficiency of 33.1 cd A−1 is achieved with low turn-on voltage of 4.0 V. Results indicate that a novel pathway of electron transport to accelerate electron injection is created by applying this double EILs.

The development of white organic light-emitting diodes (WOLEDs) holds great promise for the production of high-color-quality lighting sources. High quantum efficiencies for the conversion of electrical energy to light have been realized. The color stability and color-rendering index (CRI) become bottleneck for the commercial application of WOLEDs. Here, we employed a metal-free dimerization of 1‑phenyl‑3,5‑diamine‑triazine (DPDT) as a single non-doped emitter in WOLEDs, that exhibits mild efficiency roll-off while maintaining CRI of 92. This high CRI is attributable to the DPDT with efficient monomer and excimer emission, which together emit a relatively wide spectrum that nearly covers the entire range of visible light. The formation of the excimer can make the emission color of single-emitter based WOLEDs tunable with the applied bias over a wide range from blue to pure white.

More than 200 toxic substances (including narcotic drugs, psychotropic drugs, organic phosphorus compounds, carbamates, pyrethroids and other pesticides, veterinary drugs, rodenticides, natural toxins, and other drugs) were identified and quantified using an ion-trap mass spectrometer. The advantages of this technique-its selectivity, accuracy, precision, utilization of only small amounts of the sample, and short analysis time for a single sample (less than 30s)-render it a rapid and accurate methodology for toxin screening. Subsequently, an extractive electrospray ionization (EESI) mass spectrometry database was established by combining the Xcalibur data processing system with NIST database software. This allowed unknown toxicants in urine and blood samples, stomach contents, and liver samples, as provided by the Jiangxi Provincial Public Security Department, to be analyzed and identified. This EESI methodology and databank has the potential for widespread application to the large-scale analysis of practical samples. Graphical abstract ᅟ.

The electron-injecting layer (EIL) is one of the key factors in inverted organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) to realize high electroluminescence efficiency. Here, we proposed a novel cathode-modified EIL based on ZnS quantum dots (QDs) in inverted OLEDs, and demonstrated that the device performance was dramatically improved compared to traditional ZnO EIL. The EIL of ZnS QDs may greatly promote the electron injection ability and consequently increase the charge carrier recombination efficiency for the device. We also investigated the effects of different pH values (ZnS-A, pH = 10; ZnS-B, pH = 12) on the properties of ZnS QDs. The best inverted phosphorescent OLED device employing mCP:Ir(ppy)3 as the emission layer showed a low turn-on voltage of 2.9 V and maximum current efficiency of 61.5 cd A−1. Also, the ZnS-A based device exhibits very-low efficiency roll-off of 0.9% and 4.3% at 1000 cd m−2 and 5000 cd m−2, respectively. Our results indicate that use of ZnS QDs is a promising strategy to increase the performance in inverted OLEDs.

A novel host material featuring the characteristics of bipolarity and thermally activated delayed fluorescence, 10-(4-(5,5-dimethylbenzofuro[3,2-c]acridin-13(5H)-yl)phenyl)-10-phenylanthracen-9(10H)-one (DphAn-5BzAc), has been designed and synthesized. By employing this material as the host of green emitter Ir(ppy)2acac, we have fabricated phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes (PhOLEDs) with two hosting schemes, which are the single host system consisting of DhAn-5BzAc and the co-host system with 1,3-bis(carbazolyl)benzene (mCP). We found that the co-host based PhOLED achieved very low energy consumption values at high brightnesses, which were only 0.5, 5.9 and 94.0 mW m−2 at 100, 1000 and 10 000 cd m−2, respectively. The extremely low energy consumption for DhAn-based PhOLEDs were attributed to the excellent bipolar transport properties and thermally activated delayed fluorescence characteristics.

In this work, we investigated the light-soaking effect in inverted polymer solar cells (PSCs) employing ZnO as an electron extraction layer (EEL) and demonstrated highly efficient light-soaking-free PSCs with a LiF modified ZnO (ZnO:LiF) EEL. A blend of poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) (P3HT):[6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PC61BM) was applied as the active layer. The PSCs fabricated with the LiF doped ZnO EEL showed a 21.2% increase in power conversion efficiency (PCE) from 3.35% to 4.06% as compared with the pristine ZnO-based devices. In contrast to the devices with a lithium chloride (LiCl) or lithium bromide (LiBr) modified ZnO EEL, the ZnO:LiF-based PSC devices show excellent light-soaking-free characteristics with high fill factor (FF) and short circuit current density (Jsc). More importantly, the photovoltaic devices employing a poly[4,8-bis(5-(2-ethylhexyl)thiophen-2-yl)-benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b′]dithiophene-alt-3-fluorothieno[3,4-b]thiophene-2-carboxylate] (PTB7-Th) and [6,6]-phenyl C71-butyric acid methyl ester (PC71BM) blend system as the active layer have been also fabricated, which achieved a high PCE of 8.85%. Our results indicate that the inclusion of additional LiF made for reduced oxygen vacancy defects at the metal-oxide/organic interface, which were confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and charge extraction analysis. It is shown that LiF modified ZnO as an efficient and cost-effective EEL material has the potential to open a new avenue for high performance optoelectronic devices.

Summary The design of blue fluorescent materials combining both deep-blue emission (CIEy, Graphical Abstract, Highlights • Highly efficient deep-blue luminogens BBPA and DMPA are synthesized • Low-efficiency roll-off deep-blue OLEDs with CIE coordinate Y < 0.06 • Record-high external quantum efficiency of 10.27% for deep-blue fluorescent OLEDs • Host matrix of twisted structure showing steric effect reduces intermolecular aggregation, Materials Science; Polymers; Optical Materials

There is broad consensus that many bones of extinct vertebrates contain Rare Earth Elements (REE) and other trace minerals that have been incorporated and enriched into the fossil during diagenesis. During fossilization, apatite minerals in vertebrate bones recrystallize from metastable biogenic forms to thermodynamically more stable inorganic apatite minerals while incorporating REEs from their environment. More than ∼95% of the REE in fossil bones are diagenetically incorporated post-mortem, and bones in different environments have different and distinct REE signatures, generally viewed to be controlled by sedimentological and taphonomic processes. The REE pattern in fossils is generally stable, and the normalized concentration patterns provide unique “fingerprints” or signatures that have been used for various geological and paleontological investigations. The discovery of embryos and their adults at the same site, a previously unrecorded occurrence in the fossil record, allowed us to compare for the first time the relationship between REE concentrations in the same taxon at widely differing ontogenetic stages. Here we compare REE patterns in bones from two distinct sites in Yunnan, China, both preserving embryonic and adult bones of Early Jurassic Sauropodomorpha dinosaurs. These dinosaurs are closely related to each other and close in geological age, and their bones show very similar REE patterns. However, the embryonic bones have significantly lower levels of total REEs when compared to their adult counterparts. We attribute the 10-fold La_REE difference and U concentration 5/1 ratio to the level of ossification of the bones and the dramatically lower concentration of apatites in the embryonic than in the adult bones. We conclude that the ontogenetic stage of fossil materials can have a significant impact on REE concentrations, and discuss the impact of these results on future work.

International audience; A significant enhancement in ultraviolet (UV) durable indium tin oxide (ITO)‐free flexible nonfullerene organic solar cells (OSCs) has been demonstrated using a hybrid nanostructured flexible transparent electrode (FTE), comprising a mixture of 0D silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), 1D Ag nanowires (AgNWs) and 2D exfoliated graphene sheets. The FTE possesses high optical transparency and electric conductivity, good air stability and full‐solution fabrication capability at a low processing temperature. An average power convention efficiency (PCE) of 8.15% has been obtained for the flexible nonfullerene OSCs, based on the blend of poly[(2,6‐(4, 8‐bis(5‐(2‐ethylhexyl)thiophen‐2‐yl)‐benzo[1,2‐b:4,5‐b’]dithiophene))‐alt‐(5,5‐(1’,3’‐di‐2‐thienyl‐5’,7’‐bis(2‐ethylhexyl)benzo[1’,2’‐c:4’,5’‐c’] dithiophene‐4,8‐dione)] (PBDB‐T): 3,9‐ bis(2‐methylene‐(3‐(1,1‐dicyanomethylene)‐indanone))‐5,5,11,11‐tetrakis(4‐hexylphenyl)‐dithieno[2,3‐d:2’,3’‐d’]‐s‐indaceno[1,2‐b:5,6‐b’] dithiophene (ITIC). The flexible PBDB‐T:ITIC OSCs exhibit an excellent UV durability compared to the ITO‐based control cell, realized by incorporating a FTE with a tailored absorption in wavelength < 380 nm. The novel FTE developed in this work provides a promising alternative to ITO for use in UV durable flexible OSCs, serving as a built‐in UV filter to impede an inevitable UV‐induced degradation in ITO‐based OSCs.

International audience; A sequential fractionation procedure based on (i) water extraction, (ii) hexane extraction, (iii) saccharification, and (iv) proteolysis was developed to provide the first ever data on the molecular distribution of iron in maize. This was completed by the operational determination of the iron bioavailability using an in-vitro simulated model for gastro-intestinal digestion. The coupling of hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) and size exclusion chromatography (SEC) with the parallel detection by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and high resolution electrospray mass spectrometry (HR-ESI-MS) allowed the identification of water-soluble Fe(III)-mugineate, Fe(III)-(citrate)2, and Fe(III)2-(phytate)2. The procedures were applied to study some well characterized maize varieties having shown previously differences in iron bioavailability during cell culture and animal model feeding studies. The combined analytical methods developed in this work could unambiguously discriminate low from high Fe bioavailable seeds in these closely related maize varieties.

We develop a novel two-photon ratiometric fluorescent probe based on the conjugation of the specific recognition moiety of the γ-glutamyl group to 6-acetyl-2-aminonaphthalene, which enables highly sensitive, selective monitoring of γ-glutamyltransferase activities in human serum and imaging in living cells and cancer tissues down to a depth of 120 μm.

Three novel host materials, IpCm-PhBzAc (1,3-(4-(12,12-dimethylbenzofuro[3,2-b]acridin-7(12H)-yl)phenyl)-6-isopropyl-4H-chromen-4-one), DpAn-BzAc (2,10-(4-(12,12-dimethylbenzofuro[3,2-b]acridin-7(12H)-yl)phenyl)-10-phenylanthracen-9(10H)-one) and DpTrz-BphBzAc (3,7-(4′-(4,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)-12,12-dimethyl-7,12-dihydrobenzofuro[3,2-b]acridine) have been designed and synthesized, and their utilization as host materials for phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes (PhOLEDs) has been investigated. We have fabricated PhOLEDs using green bis(2-phenylpyridine)iridium(III) acetylacetonate as doped emitters and two hosting schemes, which are the single host system consisting of BzAc derivatives and the co-host system with 1,3-bis(carbazolyl)benzene. We found that the PhOLEDs with the co-host system of DpAn-BzAc and DpTrz-BphBzAc achieved CEs of 57.1 cd A−1 and 53.0 cd A−1, with corresponding efficiency roll-off of only 7.6% and 0.9%, respectively, from the maximum to the practical brightness of 5000 cd m−2. Extremely reduced efficiency roll-off values for BzAc-based PhOLEDs were attributed to their superior thermal stability and excellent bipolar transport properties, and a small singlet–triplet energy gap also afforded efficient reverse intersystem crossing, thus reducing the triplet density of the host for PhOLEDs.

Botrytis cinerea is the causative agent of a common and serious disease, gray mold of tomato, which can infect the flower, fruit, leaf, and stem tissues. The occurrence of gray mold account for dramatic decrease of tomato yield, threatening the food security, with rarely effective biocontrol approach. In this study, we isolated 56 bacterial strains from tomato rhizosphere, with 7 strains among which had great control effect against B. cinerea. Among the 7 identified strains, Pantoea jilinensis D25 which had the strongest inhibitory effect, was a new strain. Further we found that P. jilinensis D25 can inhibit the mycelial growth and spore production of B. cinerea, with alterations of the mycelial morphology of B. cinerea. The highest growth inhibition (83.1%) of B. cinerea occurred upon the exposure to a concentration of 5.0×105 cfu/mL of P. jilinensis D25, at pH 6 and 25 °C. The inhibitory effect against B. cinerea by P. jilinensis D25 was further validated with inoculation assay on tomato leaf tissues and tomato seedlings. The results demonstrated that P. jilinensis D25 strain from soils of tomato growing areas is a new and effective biocontrol agent against notorious tomato gray mold disease.

We report an electrically controlled micro-flow of liquid on Au-patterned glass surfaces with a driving voltage lower than 10 volts. The Joule heating produced by electrical current passing through the Au layer activates the selective wetting of liquids, performing complicated micro-flow control over pre-designed circuits. Transportation and serial dilution of the dye molecules in the liquid are further demonstrated.

We have developed a novel organic–inorganic hybrid color conversion electrode composed of Ag NWs/poly[2-methoxy-5-(2-ethylhexyloxy)-1,4-phenylenevinylene] (MEH-PPV) via a solution process, which is the first report on a color conversion electrode for applications in flexible optoelectronics. Using the Ag NWs/MEH-PPV composite film as the anode on polyethylene terephthalate substrate and combined with a blue organic light emitting devices (OLEDs) unit employing bis(3,5-difluoro-2-(2-pyridyl)phenyl-(2-carboxypyridyl)iridium(III)) (Flrpic) in 1,3-bis(carbazol-9-yl)benzene (mCP) as the emitting layer, a highly efficient and chromaticity-stable color-conversion flexible white OLEDs (WOLEDs) is achieved with a maximum current efficiency of 20.5 cd A−1. To the best of our knowledge, this is the highest efficiency reported for color-conversion based flexible WOLEDs. Our work provides an approach to achieving high-performance flexible WOLEDs devices and demonstrates great potential for lighting and display applications.

White organic light-emitting diodes (WOLEDs) with higher performance, which have enjoyed application in high-quality lighting sources, are here demonstrated with improved optical and electrical properties. The integration of a novel transparent distributed Bragg reflector (DBR), which consists of periodically alternating layers of atomic layer deposition-fabricated ZrO2/Zircone films and sputtered tin-doped indium oxide into OLEDs microcavities were studied to obtain four-peak electroluminescence (EL) spectra. Three types of OLEDs with two-peak, three-peak, and four-peak EL spectra have been developed. The results of the two-peak spectra show that the DBR structures have an outstanding effect on carrier capture, as a result, the device exhibits a stronger stability in color at various applied voltages. The Commission Internationale de L&rsquo, Eclairage (CIE) coordinates of the two-peak device at 5&ndash, 13 V shows few displacements and a negligible slight variation of (&plusmn, 0.01, &plusmn, 0.01). In addition, the four-peak WOLED also yields a high color purity white emission as the luminance changes from 100 cd m&minus, 2 to 10,000 cd m&minus, 2.

International audience; Lasso peptides are attracting increasing attention due to their broad range of biological activities. The knot topology of lasso peptides, which contains an isopeptide bond-bridged macrocycle threaded by its C-terminal tail, has been proven to be an important structural feature for their bioactivities. The preparation of lasso peptides has been achieved by biosynthetic methods; nevertheless, a chemical synthesis of lasso peptides has not been described so far. Herein, a cryptand-imidazolium complex is designed as a multi-linker support and applied in the chemical synthesis of the lasso peptide BI-32169. Furthermore, the chiral switching of the support and the introduction of d-amino acids enable the synthesis of the d-enantiomer of BI-32169, which shows not only a strong glucagon receptor antagonist activity, but also a much higher enzymatic stability compared to the l-lasso peptide

All-solution-processed flexible organic solar cells (FOSCs) with high power conversion efficiency (PCE) are the prerequisite for application in low-cost, large-area, flexible, photovoltaic devices. In this work, high-performance, top-illuminated FOSCs using ultrathin Ag-modified graphite-coated poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) substrates are demonstrated. The ultrathin Ag-modified graphite/PET substrates have excellent electric conductivity, mechanical flexibility, and easy processability for FOSCs. A PCE of 5.31% for FOSCs, based on the blend system poly[4,8-bis(5-(2-ethylhexyl)thiophen-2-yl)benzo [1,2-b:4,5-b′]dith-iophene-co-3-fluorothieno[3,4-b]thiophene-2-carboxylate]: [6,6]-phenyl-C7l-but-yric acid methyl ester, having a bilayer of MoO x /Ag upper transparent anode is demonstrated. Top-illuminated FOSCs with a transparent upper electrode of solution-processed Ag nanowires also yielded a PCE of 3.76%. All-solution-processed FOSCs exhibit excellent mechanical flexibility and retain >81% of the initial efficiency after 500 cycles of bending test. Furthermore, graphite-based electrodes demonstrate good heat-insulation properties. The outcomes of this work offer an alternative to fabricate high-performance, all-solution-processable, top-illuminated FOSCs, providing a commercially viable approach for application in large-area solar cells that can be prepared by printing and roll-to-roll fabrication processes.

Top-emission flexible organic light-emitting devices (TE-FOLEDs) are highly suitable for next generation display due to their numerous assets including top-emitting configuration and mechanical flexibility. One major challenge in TE-FOLEDs is to prepare a deformable and reflective bottom electrode capable of effective carrier injection. In this paper, a new strategy for efficient and foldable TE-FOLEDs is demonstrated. It is based on a highly conductive Ag-nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) modified graphite that is used as a flexible bottom electrode. The good reflectance to full-color emission (>59% over the whole visible wavelength range), ultralow sheet resistance (

A disposable blood sampler, which is consisted of a sub-microliter whole blood collector and a graphene filter, loading graphene sheet to selectively capture hemoglobin from sub-microliter whole blood, was developed for both qualitative and quantitative characterization hemoglobin by internal extractive electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (iEESI-MS). The blood collector was elegantly fabricated in syringe-like fashion for precisely sampling tiny amounts (1.0 μL - 2%) of whole blood, which was immediately diluted by water inside the syringe and was then pressed through the graphene filter placed between the waste outlet and the syringe reservoir to capture the hemoglobin in the blood sample. Then the graphene with hemoglobin was directly eluted by a charged (+2.5 kV) solution (mathanol/water/formic acid, 48/48/4, v/v/v) to produce the hemoglobin ions for mass spectrometric analysis. Low detection-of-limit (19.3 mg L−1 (89.5 picomol)), acceptable linear response range (300–1500 mg L−1, R2 = 0.998), relative standard deviation (0.5–6.5%, n = 3), low sample consumption (≤1.0 μL) and a relatively high speed (≤4 min per sample, including the sample loading) were achieved, demonstrating that the graphene based iEESI-MS was an alternative choice for direct detection of hemoglobin in whole blood with minimal sample consumption.

A novel one-step synthesis of PMDA–ODA polyimide at ambient temperature was reported for the first time, in which a polyimidization reaction was rapidly accomplished in 99% yield in an imidazolium-based ionic liquid containing a non-nucleophilic base. The base–ionic liquid medium showed good reusability. The high molecular weight product could be isolated by direct filtration.

Nano-silica was introduced to enhance the mechanical strength of polymer hydrogels obtained via the crosslinking of polyacrylamide (PAM) and chromium acetate. Rheological properties, compression strength and compressive stress–strain of both nanocomposite and normal hydrogels without nano-silica were investigated by HAKKE rheometer, compression strength test device and electronic universal material testing machine. Moreover, environmental scanning electronic microscopic (ESEM) was adopted to observe the three-dimension network structure of nanocomposite and normal hydrogel, as well as the distribution of nano-silica. The results demonstrated that elastic moduli (G′) and viscous moduli (G″) of nanocomposite hydrogel were both improved with increasing nano-silica concentration. Especially when silica content reached 10 wt%, G′ and G″ of nanocomposite hydrogel increased over one hundred times higher than those of normal hydrogel. The original compression strength of hydrogel was 70.8 kPa m−1, while the resulting strength of nanocomposite was enhanced to be 196.64 kPa m−1. When the hydrogel were sheared, the normal hydrogel was fractured under low strain, whereas nanocomposite hydrogel was not broken under high strain, and it quickly recovered its original shape after the release of load. In addition, the ESEM images indicated that a large quantity of silica particles aggregated and attached around the polymer chains, and others aggregated to fill into the three-dimension network of hydrogel, which induced the compaction of the space between the network layers and reduced the flowing of free water wrapped in the network, therefore the mechanical strength of hydrogel was enhanced.

International audience; Flexible conductive electrodes are essential components for organic optoelectronic devices (OODs). One of the main challenges in the development of flexible OODs is to achieve an optimal combination of photoelectrical properties, enhanced flexibility and stability in transparent conductive electrodes (TCEs). In this work, high-performance flexible nonfullerene organic solar cells (OSCs) and polymer light-emitting diodes (PLEDs) based on TCEs of silver nanowires (AgNWs) encapsulated with an ultra-thin atomic layer deposited aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3) have been demonstrated. The hybrid AgNWs/Al 2 O 3 composite electrodes with enhanced thermal, ambient and mechanical stabilities enable an efficient flexible transparent electrode with high transmittance and conductivity, which can synergistically optimize the device performance of nonfullerene OSCs and PLEDs. The maximum power conversion efficiency value of 7.03%, as well as a current efficiency of 7.26 cd A À 1 for flexible OSCs and PLEDs are achieved, respectively. Notably, excellent flexibility, long-term atmospheric and thermal stabilities have been systematically investigated and demonstrated. These results provide a new design platform for the fabrication of high-performance, flexible transparent electrodes, which can be further explored in a wide range of organic optoelectronics field.

Correction for ‘Cryptand-imidazolium supported total synthesis of the lasso peptide BI-32169 and its d-enantiomer’ by Ming Chen et al., Chem. Commun., 2019, 55, 3323–3326, DOI: 10.1039/C8CC10301A.

Blue organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) play an important role in OLED display and lighting applications, but short lifetime and low efficiency are still their two key issues in the commercialization. Here, we manage to address the two issues at the same time by simply inserting an ultrathin aluminum (Al) interlayer between the indium tin oxide (ITO) cathode and the electron injection layer of an inverted pure blue OLED. Current efficiency (CE) and external quantum efficiency were improved by optimizing the thickness of the Al interlayer. It has been approved from current-voltage characteristics, impedance spectra and an ultraviolet photoelectron spectrum that 1 nm thick Al interlayer is an effective work function modifier for the ITO cathode and can help to enhance electron injection from the ITO cathode to the electron transporting layer. The Al interlayer contributed also to extend dramatically the lifetime of the inverted pure blue OLED. A long operation lifetime (T80 > 83 h) with the maximum CE of 7.9 cd A−1 was achieved after adding 1 nm Al interlayer.

International audience; In this work, an atomic layer deposited (ALD) $Al_{2}$$O_{3}$ ultrathin layer was introduced to passivate the ZnO-nanoparticle (NP) buffer layer of inverted polymer solar cells (PSCs) based on P3HT:PCBM. The surface morphology of the ZnO-NP/$Al_{2}$$O_{3}$ interface was systematically analyzed by using a variety of tools, in particular transmission electron microscopy (TEM), evidencing a conformal ALD-$Al_{2}$$O_{3}$ deposition. The thickness of the $Al_{2}$$O_{3}$ layers was optimized at the nanoscale to boost electron transport of the ZnO-NP layer, which can be attributed to the suppression of oxygen vacancy defects in ZnO-NPs confirmed by photoluminescence measurement. The optimal inverted PSCs passivated by ALD-$Al_{2}$$O_{3}$ exhibited an ~22% higher power conversion efficiency than the control devices with a pristine ZnO-NP buffer layer. The employment of the ALD-$Al_{2}$$O_{3}$ passivation layer with precisely controlled thickness provides a promising approach to develop high efficiency PSCs with novel polymer materials.