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Abstract Both the pyrroloindoline core and N–CF3 moiety hold significant importance in medicinal chemistry. However, to date, no instances of constructing N–CF3-containing pyrroloindolines have been reported. Herein, we present a robust and operationally simple approach to assembling such intriguing skeletons from tryptamine-derived isocyanides through a cascade sequence, which includes an oxidative trifluorination and a subsequent halogenative cyclization. Key to the success lies in the development of a facile conversion of isocyanides to N–CF3 moiety with commercially available reagents N-halosuccinimide and Et3N·HF. The protocol features mild reaction conditions, broad functional group tolerance, good to excellent yields, and high diastereoselectivities. In addition, we demonstrate that the halide substituent within the products serves as a versatile functional handle for accessing diverse C3-quaternary-substituted N–CF3-pyrroloindolines.

Abstract Background Modified furosemide responsiveness index (mFRI) is a novel biomarker for assessing diuretic response and AKI progression in patients with early AKI. However, the comparative predictive performance of mFRI and novel renal biomarkers for adverse renal outcomes remains unclear. In a single-center prospective study, we aimed to evaluate the discriminatory abilities of mFRI and other novel renal biomarkers in predicting AKI progression and prognosis in patients with initial mild and moderate AKI (KDIGO stage 1 to 2). Results Patients with initial mild and moderate AKI within 48 h following cardiac surgery were included in this study. The mFRI, renal biomarkers (including serum or urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin [sNGAL or uNGAL], serum cystatin C, urinary N-acetyl-beta-D-glycosaminidase [uNAG], urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio) and cytokines (TNF, IL-1β, IL-2R, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10) were measured at AKI diagnosis. The mFRI was calculated for each patient, which was defined as 2-hour urine output divided by furosemide dose and body weight. Of 1013 included patients, 154 (15.2%) experienced AKI progression, with 59 (5.8%) progressing to stage 3 and 33 (3.3%) meeting the composite outcome of hospital mortality or receipt of renal replacement therapy (RRT). The mFRI showed non-inferiority or potential superiority to renal biomarkers and cytokines in predicting AKI progression (area under the curve [AUC] 0.80, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.77–0.82), progression to stage 3 (AUC 0.87, 95% CI 0.85–0.89), and composite outcome of death and receipt of RRT (AUC 0.85, 95% CI 0.82–0.87). Furthermore, the combination of a functional biomarker (mFRI) and a urinary injury biomarker (uNAG or uNGAL) resulted in a significant improvement in the prediction of adverse renal outcomes than either individual biomarker (all P

Abstract Background The reactive aggressive behavior in individuals typically shows a rapid growth trend as individuals enter adolescence, and peaks during middle-school period. According to the Comprehensive Cognitive Model of Trait Anger, trait anger and hostile attribution bias play important roles in the development of reactive aggressive behavior. Based on this, current study explored the relationship between trait anger and reactive aggressive behavior in middle school students, as well as the mediating role of hostile attribution bias and interventions. Methods The current study consisted of three sub-studies. Study 1 recruited 87 middle school students with an average age of 12.367 ± 0.889 years, investigated the relationship between trait anger and reactive aggressive behavior, as well as the mediating role of trait hostile attribution bias. Study 2 recruited 62 middle school students with an average age of 13.376 ± 0.963 years, investigated the relationship between trait anger and reactive aggressive behavior, as well as the mediating role of state hostile attribution bias. Study 3 recruited 80 middle school students with an average age of 13.392 ± 0.977 years, implemented an intervention targeting trait hostile attribution bias in middle school students with high trait anger to reduce their reactive aggressive behavior. In current study, data management was performed using SPSS 22.0. Descriptive statistics, independent samples t-test, paired samples t-test, repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA), and path analysis were used for statistical analysis. Findings The results of Study 1 showed that trait anger predicted reactive aggressive behavior through trait hostile attribution bias. The results of Study 2 indicated that trait and state hostile attribution bias played mediating role intermediary, and trait hostile attribution bias had a stronger mediating effect than state hostile attribution bias. The results of Study 3 suggested that the intervention effectively decreased trait hostile attribution bias and reactive aggressive behavior. Conclusions Trait anger can predict the reactive aggressive behavior of junior high school students, with trait hostility attribution bias and state hostility attribution bias mediating this relationship. Intervening in the hostility attribution bias of high-anger junior high school students can effectively reduce their reactive aggressive behavior.

Abstract Background No reliable clinical tools exist to predict acute kidney injury (AKI) progression. We aim to explore a scoring system for predicting the composite outcome of progression to severe AKI or death within seven days among early AKI patients after cardiac surgery. Methods In this study, we used two independent cohorts, and patients who experienced mild/moderate AKI within 48 h after cardiac surgery were enrolled. Eventually, 3188 patients from the MIMIC-IV database were used as the derivation cohort, while 499 patients from the Zhongshan cohort were used as external validation. The primary outcome was defined by the composite outcome of progression to severe AKI or death within seven days after enrollment. The variables identified by LASSO regression analysis were entered into logistic regression models and were used to construct the risk score. Results The composite outcome accounted for 3.7% (n = 119) and 7.6% (n = 38) of the derivation and validation cohorts, respectively. Six predictors were assembled into a risk score (AKI-Pro score), including female, baseline eGFR, aortic surgery, modified furosemide responsiveness index (mFRI), SOFA, and AKI stage. And we stratified the risk score into four groups: low, moderate, high, and very high risk. The risk score displayed satisfied predictive discrimination and calibration in the derivation and validation cohort. The AKI-Pro score discriminated the composite outcome better than CRATE score, Cleveland score, AKICS score, Simplified renal index, and SRI risk score (all P

AIM: To identify genetic defects in a Chinese family with congenital posterior polar cataracts and assess the pathogenicity. METHODS: A four-generation Chinese family affected with autosomal dominant congenital cataract was recruited. Nineteen individuals took part in this study including 5 affected and 14 unaffected individuals. Sanger sequencing targeted hot-spot regions of 27 congenital cataract-causing genes for variant discovery. The pathogenicity of the variant was evaluated by the guidelines of American College of Medical Genetics and InterVar software. Confocal microscopy was applied to detect the subcellular localization of fluorescence-labeled ephrin type-A receptor 2 (EPHA2). Co-immunoprecipitation assay was implemented to estimate the interaction between EphA2 and other lens membrane proteins. The mRNA and protein expression were analyzed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blotting assay, respectively. The cell migration was analyzed by wound healing assay. Zebrafish model was generated by ectopic expression of human EPHA2/p.R957P mutant to demonstrate whether the mutant could cause lens opacity in vivo. RESULTS: A novel missense and pathogenic variant c.2870G>C was identified in the sterile alpha motif (SAM) domain of EPHA2. Functional studies demonstrated the variant's impact: reduced EPHA2 protein expression, altered subcellular localization, and disrupted interactions with other lens membrane proteins. This mutant notably enhanced human lens epithelial cell migration, and induced a central cloudy region and roughness in zebrafish lenses with ectopic expression of human EPHA2/p.R957P mutant under differential interference contrast (DIC) optics. CONCLUSION: Novel pathogenic c.2870G>C variant of EPHA2 in a Chinese congenital cataract family contributes to disease pathogenesis.

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is characterized by high invasion, prone metastasis, frequent recurrence and poor prognosis. Unfortunately, the curative effects of current clinical therapies, including surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy and immunotherapy, are still limited in patients with TNBC. In this study, we showed that the heterogeneous expression at the protein level and subcellular location of mesothelin (MSLN), a potential target for chimeric antigen receptor-T (CAR-T) cell therapy in TNBC, which is caused by acidification of the tumor microenvironment, may be the main obstacle to therapeutic efficacy. Alkalization culture or sodium bicarbonate administration significantly promoted the membrane expression of MSLN and enhanced the killing efficiency of MSLN-CAR-T cells both in vitro and in vivo, and the same results were also obtained in other cancers with high MSLN expression, such as pancreatic and ovarian cancers. Moreover, mechanistic exploration revealed that the attenuation of autophagy-lysosome function caused by microenvironmental alkalization inhibited the degradation of MSLN. Hence, alkalization of the microenvironment improves the consistency and high expression of the target antigen MSLN and constitutes a routine method for treating diverse solid cancers via MSLN-CAR-T cells.

The current study investigated the effects of ego-depletion in junior high school students on displaced aggressive behavior and the counteraction of the nature. Study 1 investigated the effects of ego-depletion on displaced aggressive behavior in junior high school students using a within-subject design, comparing the differences in displaced aggressive behavior between the induced ego-depletion condition and the non-induced ego-depletion condition. Results showed that junior high school students exhibited significantly higher levels of displaced aggressive behavior under the induced ego-depletion condition compared to the non-induced ego-depletion condition. Study 2 examined the role of the nature in the process of ego-depletion influencing displaced aggressive behavior. A 2 (ego-depletion: induced ego-depletion vs. non-induced ego-depletion) × 2 (picture type: blank picture vs. natural picture) mixed design was used. A picture-viewing task was inserted between the ego-depletion task and the displaced aggressive behavior task to compare the differences in displaced aggressive behavior between the group that viewed blank pictures and the group that viewed natural pictures. The results showed that under the induced ego-depletion condition, there was no significant difference in displaced aggressive behavior between viewing natural pictures and viewing blank pictures. However, after viewing blank pictures, displaced aggressive behavior under induced ego-depletion condition was significantly higher than under non-induced ego-depletion condition; after viewing natural pictures, there was no significant difference in displaced aggressive behavior between induced ego-depletion condition and non-induced ego-depletion condition. These results suggest that ego-depletion can increase displaced aggressive behavior in junior high school students, but this phenomenon is not observed after exposure to nature. The current study provides empirical evidence for investigating the effects of ego-depletion on displaced aggressive behavior.

Abstract High-quality development plays a crucial role in China’s economic progress in the new era. It represents a new concept of advancement and mirrors the increasing aspirations of the populace for an improved standard of living. In this context, the role of artificial intelligence (AI) in promoting sustainable development cannot be overemphasized. This paper explores how AI technologies can drive the transition to a green, low-carbon and circular economy. We have established an index system to measure the development level of the artificial intelligence industry and the high-quality development of the economy, which is relevant to the current state of the artificial intelligence industry and the advancement of the economy. Panel data from 2008 to 2017 has been utilized for this purpose. Global principal component analysis method and entropy value method are employed in the evaluation. Through in-depth analysis of the application of artificial intelligence and environmental protection in various provinces and cities, we clarify that artificial intelligence promotes innovation, saves resources, and is conducive to the development of green economy in the new era.

Controlling the oxidation state of constituents by tuning the oxidizing environment and materials chemistry is vital to the successful synthesis of targeted binary or multicomponent oxides. We have conducted a comprehensive thermodynamic analysis of 137 binary oxides to calculate their Ellingham diagrams. It is found that the “reactive” elements that oxidize easily are the f-block elements (lanthanides and actinides), elements in groups II, III, and IV (alkaline earth, Sc, Y, Ti, Zr, and Hf), and Al and Li. In contrast, the “noble” elements are easily reduced. These are coinage metals (Cu, Ag, and especially Au), Pt-group elements, and Hg and Se. Machine learning-based sequential feature selection indicates that the ease of oxidation can be represented by the electronic structures of pure elements, for example, their d- and s-valence electrons, Mendeleev numbers, and groups, making the Periodic Table a useful tool for qualitatively assessing the ease of oxidation. The other elemental features that weakly correlate with the ease of oxidation are thermochemical properties such as melting points and the standard entropy at 298 K of pure elements. Applying Ellingham diagrams enables the oxidation of multicomponent materials to be predicted, such as the Fe–20Cr–20Ni alloy (in wt. %) and the equimolar high entropy alloy of AlCoCrFeNi. These Ellingham diagram-based predictions are in accordance with thermodynamic calculations using the CALPHAD approach and experimental observations in the literature.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, which caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), lead to a crisis with devastating disasters to global public economy and health. Several studies suggest that the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein (N protein) is one of uppermost structural constituents of SARS-CoV-2 and is relatively conserved which could become a specific diagnostic marker. In this study, eight single domain antibodies recognized the N protein specifically which were named pN01–pN08 were screened using human phage display library. According to multiple sequence alignment and molecular docking analyses, the interaction mechanism between antibody and N protein was predicted. ELISA results indicated pN01–pN08 with high affinity to protein N. To improve their efficacy, two fusion proteins were prepared and their affinity was tested. These finding showed that fusion proteins had higher affinity than single domain antibodies and will be used as diagnosis for the pandemic of SARS-CoV-2.

The human rights and mega sport events (SMEs) discourses gain massive importance and have grown immensely in recent years. Most of the time, the sports governance bodies are responsible for administration and management of these sport mega events. Keeping in consideration the situation regarding increasing involvement, the study focuses on the field of sport along with pleasure and basic rights. Through re-evaluation the commercial factors of sports, the mega governing bodies of sport (IOC & FIFA), and researchers discuss what is referred to commonly as Ruggie Principle, and both would be applied to IOC & FIFA practices, operation, and management regarding their events. This study is essential as it emphasizes the contribution and importance of carrying out human rights impact assessments, particularly in the context of hosting rights. The survey's findings reveal that human rights and due diligence assessments are integral components of organizations such as FIFA and the IOC. This study, being an empirical investigation, allowed us to arrive at some normative conclusions that had significant implications for practices and policy issues. Additionally, it laid the groundwork for future research in the crucial area of SMEs globally.

Abstract The synthesis of allenyl boronates is an important yet challenging topic in organic synthesis. Reported herein is an NHC‐gold‐catalyzed 1,3‐H shift toward allenyl boronates synthesis from simple propargylic B(MIDA)s. Mechanistic studies suggest dual roles of the boryl moiety in the reaction: to activate the substrate for isomerization and at the same time, to prevent the allene product from further isomerization. These effects should be a result of α‐anion stabilization and α‐cation destabilization conferred by the B(MIDA) moiety, respectively. The NHC‐Au catalyst, which is commercially available, is also found to be reactive in alkyne‐to‐1,3‐diene isomerization reactions in an atom‐economic and base‐free manner.

Abstract This study aimed to study 3-dimensional (3D) changes of hard and soft tissues of skeletal class II patients after 2-jaw surgery and genioplasty. 32 adult patients diagnosed with mandibular hypoplasia who underwent 2-jaw surgery of maxillary impaction, mandibular advancement and genioplasty were enrolled. Cone-beam computed tomography and 3D stereophotogrammetry was conducted 1 week before and 6 months after surgery. Dolphin imaging software was used to establish a 3D digitizing model and 3D measurement system. Paired t-test was performed to compare the values before and after surgery. Pearson’s correlation test assessed the degree of correlations between hard and soft tissue change. The mean impaction of the maxilla was 2.600 ± 3.088 mm at A. The mean advancement of the mandible was 7.806 ± 2.647 mm at B. There was a significant upward and forward movement for most landmarks of the nose and lip, while a significant decrease in nasal tip height (lateral view), upper lip height, and upper and lower vermilion height. The nose's width was significantly increased. For maxillary, Sn, Ac-r, Ac-l, and Ls demonstrated a significant correlation with A and U1 in the anteroposterior axis. However, there were no significant correlations among them in the vertical axis. For mandibular, Li demonstrated a significant correlation with L1 in the anteroposterior axis specifically for the mandible. Notably, correlations between the landmarks of the chin's hard and soft tissues were observed across all axes. The utilization of 3-D analysis facilitated a quantitative comprehension of both hard and soft tissues, thereby furnishing valuable insights for the strategic formulation of orthognathic treatment plans targeting patients with skeletal class II conditions.

Combining with the characteristics of Fe3O4 and activated carbon, magnetic granular activated carbon (GAC–Fe3O4) was prepared by chemical coprecipitation. With GAC–Fe3O4 as the adsorbent, the effects of GAC–Fe3O4 dosage, the initial pH of wastewater temperature, and the initial concentration of copper (II) and chromium (Ⅵ) on the removal performance were explored. The adsorption process of copper (II) and chromium (VI) on magnetic GAC was studied using adsorption kinetics, adsorption isotherms, scanning electron microscopy, and infrared spectroscopy. The experimental results indicate that among these influencing factors, the pH value of wastewater plays a vital role in the removal efficiency. When the pH value was 6 and 2, the initial concentration of copper (II) and chromium (VI) ions was 5 ppm, the optimum removal efficiencies of copper (II) and chromium (VI) were 99.98 and 96.39%, respectively. As to the adsorption mechanism of GAC–Fe3O4, the adsorption of copper (II) and chromium (VI) in wastewater was more consistent with the Langmuir model. The adsorption process in this study can be well explained by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. HIGHLIGHTS The preparation of a magnetically activated carbon particles loaded with ferric oxide.; Magnetic granular activated carbon (GAC) has good recoverability.; Magnetic GAC has a good treatment effect on wastewater containing copper (II) and chromium (VI).;

The inversion of radiation field distribution is of great significance in the decommissioning sites of nuclear facilities. However, the radiation fields often contain multiple mixtures of radionuclides, making the inversion extremely difficult and posing a huge challenge. Many radiation field reconstruction methods, such as Kriging algorithm and neural network, can not solve this problem perfectly. To address this issue, this paper proposes an optimized inverse distance weighted (IDW) interpolation algorithm for reconstructing the gamma radiation field. The algorithm corrects the difference between the experimental and simulated scenarios, and the data is preprocessed with normalization to improve accuracy. The experiment involves setting up gamma radiation fields of three Co-60 radioactive sources and verifying them by using the optimized IDW algorithm. The results show that the mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of the reconstruction result obtained by using the optimized IDW algorithm is 16.0%, which is significantly better than the results obtained by using the Kriging method. Importantly, the optimized IDW algorithm is suitable for radiation scenarios with multiple radioactive sources, providing an effective method for obtaining radiation field distribution in nuclear facility decommissioning engineering.

Distributionally robust optimization (DRO) is an advanced framework within the realm of optimization theory that addresses scenarios where the underlying probability distribution governing the data is uncertain or ambiguous. In this paper, we introduce a novel class of DRO challenges where the probability distribution of random variables is contingent upon the decision variables, and the ambiguity set is defined through parameterization involving the mean and a covariance matrix, which also depend on the decision variables. This dependency makes DRO difficult to solve directly; therefore, first, we demonstrate that under the condition of a full-space support set, the original problem can be reduced to a second-order cone programming (SOCP) problem. Subsequently, we solve this second-order cone programming problem using a projection differential equation approach. Compared with the traditional methods, the differential equation method offers advantages in providing continuous and smooth solutions, offering inherent stability analysis, and possessing a rich mathematical toolbox, which make the differential equation a powerful and versatile tool for addressing complex optimization challenges.

Two studies were conducted to explore the influence of bystander features of displaced aggression in provocative situations among male juvenile delinquents. Study 1 examined the differences in displaced aggression between provoked male juvenile delinquents in the presence or absence of bystanders. The results revealed that provoked male juvenile delinquents exhibited significantly higher levels of displaced aggression when bystanders were present compared to when they were not. Study 2 further manipulated the bystanders’ trigger level and investigated the differences in displaced aggression exhibited by provoked male juvenile delinquents towards highly versus lowly triggered bystanders. The results indicated that after low provocation, male juvenile delinquents exhibited significantly higher levels of displaced aggression towards highly triggered bystanders compared to lowly triggered bystanders. These findings demonstrated that male juvenile delinquents exhibited a high level of displaced aggression towards bystanders in provocative situations, particularly with highly triggered bystanders. This study supported the personality and social model of displaced aggression, emphasizing that bystanders, especially those with high triggers, were more likely to become targets of displaced aggression. The current study provides references for subsequent criminal rehabilitation and crime prevention.

This study investigated the emotion regulation effect of displaced aggression among junior high school students after provocation through two experiments. Experiment 1 examined the effect of displaced aggression on the negative and positive emotions of junior high school students after low- and high-level provocation. The results showed that only after high-level provocation did individuals experience a significant decrease in negative emotions and a significant increase in positive emotions after engaging in displaced aggression. Experiment 2 explored the effect of aggressive intensity on negative and positive emotions after provocation. The results indicated that, in terms of changes in positive emotions, low-intensity aggression showed a significant increase in positive emotions after aggression. Regarding changes in negative emotions, both low-intensity aggression and high-intensity aggression resulted in significant decreases in negative emotions after aggression. In conclusion, this research showed that, in highly provocative situations, displaced aggression among junior school students, especially low-intensity displaced aggression, could increase positive emotions and decrease negative emotions. These results support the emotional regulation theory of aggression. However, considering that displaced aggression violates social norms, efforts should be made to avoid individuals regulating their emotions through displaced aggression, instead guiding them toward using more appropriate methods for emotional regulation in future research and practical applications.

Motion recognition provides movement information for people with physical dysfunction, the elderly and motion-sensing games production, and is important for accurate recognition of human motion. We employed three classical machine learning algorithms and three deep learning algorithm models for motion recognition, namely Random Forests (RF), K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN) and Decision Tree (DT) and Dynamic Neural Network (DNN), Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and Recurrent Neural Network (RNN). Compared with the Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) worn on seven parts of body. Overall, the difference in performance among the three classical machine learning algorithms in this study was insignificant. The RF algorithm model performed best, having achieved a recognition rate of 96.67%, followed by the KNN algorithm model with an optimal recognition rate of 95.31% and the DT algorithm with an optimal recognition rate of 94.85%. The performance difference among deep learning algorithm models was significant. The DNN algorithm model performed best, having achieved a recognition rate of 97.71%. Our study validated the feasibility of using multidimensional data for motion recognition and demonstrated that the optimal wearing part for distinguishing daily activities based on multidimensional sensing data was the waist. In terms of algorithms, deep learning algorithms based on multi-dimensional sensors performed better, and tree-structured models still have better performance in traditional machine learning algorithms. The results indicated that IMU combined with deep learning algorithms can effectively recognize actions and provided a promising basis for a wider range of applications in the field of motion recognition.

Macroalgal blooms (Green tides) are occurring more frequently in many regions of the world because of the combined effects of increasingly intense human activity and climate change. In the last decade, the world's largest Ulva prolifera green tide has become a recurrent phenomenon, appearing every summer in the southern Yellow Sea, China. Green tides can hurt coastal tourism and eradicate aquaculture and artisanal fishing. Eutrophication in nearshore waters is the ultimate explanation for the explosive growth of the macroalgal biomass, but the specific course of each nearshore green tide is often complex and requires in-depth and extensive research to develop effective mitigation strategies. Researchers have undertaken extensive studies on the prevention, control and mitigation of large-scale green algal blooms, and felicitated the utilization of green tide harmful biomass through bio-refining, bioconversion and other measures. However, due to the large-scale and trans-regional nature of the green tide, the government's administrative coordination measures are also essential for effective control. Nevertheless, it is becoming increasingly urgent to prevent and control the bloom at the early stage, and efficiently salvage and use these valuable raw materials.

The variational inequality framework holds significant prominence across various domains including economic finance, network transportation, and game theory. In addition, a novel approach utilizing a neural network model is introduced in the current work to address a box constrained variational inequality problem. Initially, the original problem is reformulated into a nonsmooth equation, following which the neural network model is meticulously devised to tackle this reformulated equation. This study comprehensively investigated inherent characteristics and properties of this neural network model. In addition, employing the Lyapunov function method, stability analysis of the neural network model proposed is rigorously demonstrated in the Lyapunov sense. Furthermore, the efficacy of the proposed technique is substantiated through numerical simulations, providing empirical support for its applicability and effectiveness.

This study investigated the impact of metal doping on the DeNOx and anti-poisoning performance of MnOx/m-ZrO2. The DeNOx performance increases from 96% to nearly 100% by Co or Sm doping. However, the anti-poisoning performance was enhanced more by Sm doping, and the DeNOx performance remained at 90.97% after water and sulfur compound poisoning. The improved redox performance caused by the interaction between Sm and Mn resulted in more acidic sites that aid in the adsorption of NOx and NH3, and the presence of Sm effectively inhibits the formation of sulfate and ammonium sulfate, thus enhancing the DeNOx and anti-poisoning performance.

Indolines, characterized by their diverse biological activities and structural significance, have garnered considerable attention in the realms of natural product synthesis and drug discovery. Concurrently, the incorporation of fluorine atoms into organic molecules has emerged as a powerful strategy to enhance their pharmacological properties. Herein, we report a robust and diastereoselective approach for the synthesis of 2,3-difluorinated indolines through the iodine(I/III)-catalyzed dearomatization of readily available indoles. The protocol operates under mild conditions, displaying excellent functional group tolerance and remarkable diastereoselectivity. By employing this developed protocol, vicinal-difluorinated analogues of indole-containing drugs can be efficiently accessed. Theoretical calculations have shed light on the underlying reaction mechanism, proposing the formation of a β-fluorine-substituted carbocation intermediate. It is postulated that the observed high diastereoselectivity can be attributed to the dipole-dipole interactions facilitated by the C–F bond. Crystallographic analysis has revealed the profound impact of fluorine atom introduction on the conformational preferences of the indoline core. Given the unique structural characteristics and pharmacological significance of 2,3-difluorinated indolines, we anticipate their widespread application in medicinal chemistry and drug discovery endeavors.

Abstract Electrophilic addition reaction to alkynes is of fundamental importance in organic chemistry, yet the regiocontrol when reacting with unsymmetrical 1,2‐dialkyl substituted alkynes is often problematic. Herein, it is demonstrated that the rarely recognized β‐boron effect can confer a high level of site‐selectivity in several alkyne electrophilic addition reactions. A broad range of highly functionalized and complex organoborons are thus formed under simple reaction conditions starting from propargylic MIDA (N‐methyliminodiacetic acid) boronates. These products are demonstrated to be valuable building blocks in organic synthesis. In addition to the regiocontrol, this study also observes a drastic rate enhancement upon B(MIDA) substitution. Theoretical calculation reveals that the highest occupied molecular obital (HOMO) energy level of propargylic B(MIDA) is significantly raised by 0.3 eV, and the preferential electrophilic addition to the γ position is due to its higher HOMO orbital coefficient and more negative natural bond orbital (NBO) charge compared to the β position. This study demonstrates the potential of utilizing the β‐boron effect in stereoelectronic control of chemical transformations, which can inspire further research in this area.

IntroductionTo analyze the impact of yoga and music intervention on child consumers, we selected 60 eligible child consumers from yoga and music companies.MethodsThis preliminary study used a randomized controlled design to investigate whether a 16-week combined yoga and music intervention improves attention, hyperactivity/impulsivity, and oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) in 60 children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) comorbid with ODD aged 4–6 years. It also preliminarily identified which intervention is best for these children among three types: combined yoga and music, yoga-only, and musiconly interventions. We used both the parent- and teacher-rated MTA SNAP-IV ADHD Rating Scale for data collection.ResultsWe found that the combined yoga and music intervention had a positive effect on inattention, hyperactivity/impulsivity, and ODD in children with comorbid ADHD and ODD. The combined yoga and music intervention was the most effective in reducing inattention (in repeated measures ANOVA effect size, 0.9; followed by the yoga- and the music-only interventions, respectively), hyperactivity/impulsivity (effect size, 0.92), and ODD behaviors (effect size, 0.93) in children with comorbid ADHD and ODD. Thus, the combined yoga and music intervention was the most effective and had a more comprehensive effect on children with combined ADHD and ODD compared with the two other interventions (i.e., yoga- and music-only interventions).DiscussionOur findings provide preliminary evidence for the use of combined yoga and music interventions on a daily basis as a safe and effective adjunctive treatment for children with comorbid ADHD and ODD. The children in the article refer to child consumers of yoga and music companies.

Abstract Background Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is one of the leading contributors to morbidity and mortality worldwide, with a prevalence of nearly three million people, and more than one million deaths reported in the United States every year. Gasdermin D (GSDMD) is involved in the development of atherosclerosis as a key protein of proptosis. This study was designed to determine the potential relationship of GSDMD with AMI in Chinese patients. Methods One hundred patients with AMI and 50 controls were consecutively enrolled in this prospective observational study. GSDMD expression levels and other clinical variables in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were measured upon admission to the hospital. All patients were followed up for 360 days, and the endpoint was considered the occurrence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE). Results GSDMD expression levels in the PBMCs of patients with AMI were significantly higher than those in the controls. Moreover, our analysis showed that GSDMD was an independent biomarker of AMI and had a promising diagnostic ability for it. Finally, the results suggested that high expression of GSDMD and diabetes increased the risk of MACE after AMI. Conclusions This study indicated that the GSDMD expression level in PBMCs was elevated in AMI patients and was closely associated with the pyroptosis of AMI.

Abstract With the improvement of people’s living standards, they have higher requirements for indoor thermal comfort in the cold season. Solar wall utilizing solar energy for heating can reduce carbon emissions and achieve carbon neutrality. In the aspect of solar wall research, the influence of wall structure on the thermal performance of double-channel porous solar wall is limitedly investigated. In fact, the optimization design of wall structure is important for the thermal performance of solar wall and its applications. Therefore, a simplified three dimensional room model is built to study the influence of the wall structure on the thermal performance of porous solar wall by numerical simulation. With this model, different channel spacing and thickness of porous walls were used to determine the optimal design for a double-channel porous solar wall in terms of enhancing the heat storage. Moreover, the influence of the surface emissivity on the characteristics of heating and temperature field of double-channel porous solar wall are studied based on the optimal structure. The CFD simulation results indicate that the optimal structure parameters should include spacing of 0.08 m for channel 1, the porous wall thickness should be 0.08 m, and the air channel 2 spacing should be 0.06 m. The temperature of air channel 1 and air channel 2, the indoor temperature, and the heat storage of porous wall decrease with the increase of the surface emissivity of the porous wall. In order to improve the heat storage performance of double-channel porous solar wall, the outer surface of the porous wall should use a lower emissivity material. The outer surface emissivity of porous wall has a significant impact on the heat storage of the porous wall and little effect on the thermal storage wall. The temperature of porous wall is always higher than that of outdoor environment temperature.

This study adopts a data-driven methodology to address the challenge of garment fitting for individuals with diverse body shapes. Focusing on young Chinese women aged 18–25 from Central China, we utilized the German VITUS SMART LC3 3D body scanning technology to measure 62 body parts pertinent to fashion design on a sample of 220 individuals. We then employed a hybrid approach, integrating the circumference difference classification method with the characteristic value classification method, and applied the K-means clustering algorithm to categorize these individuals into four distinct body shape groups based on cluster center analysis. Building upon these findings, we formulated specific linear regression models for key body parts associated with each body shape category. This led to the development of an intelligent software capable of automatically calculating the dimensions of 28 body parts and accurately determining the body shape type for young Central Chinese women. Our research underscores the significant role of intelligent predictive systems in the realm of fashion design, particularly within a data-driven framework. The system we have developed offers precise body measurements and classification outcomes, empowering businesses to create garments that more accurately conform to the wearer’s body, thus enhancing both the fit and aesthetic value of the clothing.

Abstract Hypoxia-induced cisplatin resistance is a major challenge during non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treatment. Based on previous studies, we further explored the effect of eukaryotic initiation factor 5A2 (eIF5A2) in hypoxia-induced cisplatin resistance. In this study, we found that autophagy and cisplatin resistance were increased under hypoxic conditions in three different NSCLC cell lines. Compared with that under normoxic conditions, dramatic upregulation of eIF5A2 and hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha (HIF-1α) levels were detected under hypoxia exposure. Small interfering RNA silencing of HIF-1α resulted in decreased expression of eIF5A2, indicating that eIF5A2 acts downstream of HIF-1α. In addition, the expression of eIF5A2 was significantly higher in NSCLC tumors compared with that in normal tissues. RNA silencing-mediated downregulation of eIF5A2 decreased hypoxia-induced autophagy, thereby reducing hypoxia-induced cisplatin resistance in NSCLC cells. The roles of eIF5A2 in cisplatin resistance were further validated in vivo. Combined treatment using eIF5A2-targeted downregulation together with cisplatin significantly inhibited tumor growth compared with cisplatin alone in the subcutaneous mouse model. In conclusions, eIF5A2 overexpression is involved in hypoxia-induced autophagy during cisplatin resistance. We suggest that a combination of eIF5A2 targeted therapy and cisplatin chemotherapy is probably an effective strategy to reverse hypoxia-induced cisplatin resistance and inhibit NSCLC development.

Abstract Background This study aimed to identify potential biomarkers, by means of bioinformatics, affecting the occurrence and development of septic shock. Methods Download GSE131761 septic shock data set from NCBI geo database, including 33 control samples and 81 septic shock samples. GSE131761 and sequencing data were used to identify and analyze differentially expressed genes in septic shock patients and normal subjects. In addition, with sequencing data as training set and GSE131761 as validation set, a diagnostic model was established by lasso regression to identify key genes. ROC curve verified the stability of the model. Finally, immune infiltration analysis, enrichment analysis, transcriptional regulation analysis and correlation analysis of key genes were carried out to understand the potential molecular mechanism of key genes affecting septic shock. Results A total of 292 differential genes were screened out from the self-test data, 294 differential genes were screened out by GSE131761, Lasso regression was performed on the intersection genes of the two, a diagnostic model was constructed, and 5 genes were identified as biomarkers of septic shock. These 5 genes were SIGLEC10, VSTM1, GYPB, OPTN, and GIMAP7. The five key genes were strongly correlated with immune cells, and the ROC results showed that the five genes had good predictive performance on the occurrence and development of diseases. In addition, the key genes were strongly correlated with immune regulatory genes. Conclusion In this study, a series of algorithms were used to identify five key genes that are associated with septic shock, which may become potential candidate targets for septic shock diagnosis and treatment. Trial registration Approval number:2019XE0149-1.

Background: Adverse eating behaviors and a high rate of obesity have been identified among children diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). In this study, we investigate the relationships between eating behaviors and body fat mass among children with ADHD. Methods: All participants were recruited from the Children's Health Care Department of the Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from June 2019 to June 2020. ADHD was diagnosed according to the diagnostic criteria of the 5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) by psychiatrists. Core ADHD symptoms defined by the DSM-5 were inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity. The anthropomorphic indices defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) were utilized in this study (body mass index [BMI], underweight, normal body mass, overweight, obesity, short stature). Body fat mass, fat mass percentage (FM%), skeletal muscle mass, skeletal muscle mass percentage (SMM%) were tested via body composition meter, and eating behaviors were assessed by parents using the Chinese version of the Children's Eating Behavior Questionnaire (CEBQ). The CEBQ was comprised of subscales related to food avoidant behaviors (satiety responsiveness, slowness in eating, fussiness, and emotional undereating) and food approach behaviors (food responsiveness, enjoyment of Food, desire to drink, and emotional overeating). The associations among ADHD, obesity and adverse eating behavior were tested through correlation analysis, and a mediating effect model was established to explore the effect of eating behaviors. Results: A total of 548 participants aged 4–12 years were recruited. Among them, 396 were diagnosed with ADHD, with the remaining 152 enrolled in a control group. Compared with the control group, the ADHD group had higher incidences of overweight (22.5% vs. 14.5%) and obesity (13.4% vs. 8.6%) (p

Abstract Acid-washing low-rank coal samples were loaded with different content of iron catalyst and then pyrolyzed. FT-IR, Raman spectra, and temperature-programmed experiments were used to investigate the influence of iron on the coal char. The FT-IR results revealed that iron catalyst rises the number of –OH, –CH3, and –CH2 functional groups. The Raman spectra results showed that partial large polyaromatic ring structures transform into small polyaromatic ring structures after the addition of iron. The results of temperature-programmed desorption indicated that the number of surface active sites is increased due to the addition of iron. For low-rank coal char with 3% Fe, the number of active sites increased with the increase of adsorption temperature until 800 °C and then start to decrease. At 750 °C, the adsorption capacity of CO2 increased with the increase of time and reached saturation state after 45 min. The results of the char-steam isothermal gasification experiment suggested that the iron catalyst enhances the gasification reactivity of low-rank coal. It is verified that iron catalysts can improve the gasification reactivity of low-rank coal by increasing the number of surface active sites.

The extensive use of fossil fuels and global climate change have raised ever-increasing attention to sustainable development, global food security and the replacement of fossil fuels by renewable energy. Several C4 monocot grasses have excellent photosynthetic ability, stress tolerance and may rapidly produce biomass in marginal lands with low agronomic inputs, thus representing an important source of bioenergy. Among these grasses, Sorghum bicolor has been recognized as not only a promising bioenergy crop but also a research model due to its diploidy, simple genome, genetic diversity and clear orthologous relationship with other grass genomes, allowing sorghum research to be easily translated to other grasses. Although sorghum molecular genetic studies have lagged far behind those of major crops (e.g., rice and maize), recent advances have been made in a number of biomass-related traits to dissect the genetic loci and candidate genes, and to discover the functions of key genes. However, molecular and/or targeted breeding toward biomass-related traits in sorghum have not fully benefited from these pieces of genetic knowledge. Thus, to facilitate the breeding and bioenergy applications of sorghum, this perspective summarizes the bioenergy applications of different types of sorghum and outlines the genetic control of the biomass-related traits, ranging from flowering/maturity, plant height, internode morphological traits and metabolic compositions. In particular, we describe the dynamic changes of carbohydrate metabolism in sorghum internodes and highlight the molecular regulators involved in the different stages of internode carbohydrate metabolism, which affects the bioenergy utilization of sorghum biomass. We argue the way forward is to further enhance our understanding of the genetic mechanisms of these biomass-related traits with new technologies, which will lead to future directions toward tailored designing sorghum biomass traits suitable for different bioenergy applications.

BackgroundNumerous studies have suggested that ferroptosis plays a significant role in the development of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), but the mechanism remains unclear.MethodsIn this study, we explored the role of ferroptosis-related genes in the pathogenesis of PCOS using a comprehensive bioinformatics method. First, we downloaded several Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets and combined them into a meta-GEO dataset. Differential expression analysis was performed to screen for significant ferroptosis-related genes between the normal and PCOS samples. The least absolute shrinkage selection operator regression and support vector machine–recursive feature elimination were used to select the best signs to construct a PCOS diagnostic model. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis and decision curve analysis were applied to test the performance of the model. Finally, a ceRNA network-related ferroptosis gene was constructed.ResultsFive genes, namely, NOX1, ACVR1B, PHF21A, FTL, and GALNT14, were identified from 10 differentially expressed ferroptosis-related genes to construct a PCOS diagnostic model. Finally, a ceRNA network including 117 lncRNAs, 67 miRNAs, and five ferroptosis-related genes was constructed.ConclusionOur study identified five ferroptosis-related genes that may be involved in the pathogenesis of PCOS, which may provide a novel perspective for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of PCOS.

Cadmium (Cd) causes serious damage to plants. Although calcium (Ca) signal has been found to respond to certain stress, the localization of Ca and molecular mechanisms underlying Ca signal in plants during Cd stress are largely unknown. In this study, Ca2+-sensing fluorescent reporter (GCaMP3) transgenic duckweed showed the Ca2+ signal response in Lemna turionifera 5511 (duckweed) during Cd stress. Subsequently, the subcellular localization of Ca2+ has been studied during Cd stress by transmission electron microscopy, showing the accumulation of Ca2+ in vacuoles. Also, Ca2+ flow during Cd stress has been measured. At the same time, the effects of exogenous glutamic acid (Glu) and γ-aminobutyric (GABA) on duckweed can better clarify the signal operation mechanism of plants to Cd stress. The molecular mechanism of Ca2+ signal responsed during Cd stress showed that Cd treatment promotes the positive response of Ca signaling channels in plant cells, and thus affects the intracellular Ca content. These novel signal studies provided an important Ca2+ signal molecular mechanism during Cd stress.

Sterilization is the process of killing all microorganisms, while disinfection is the process of killing or removing all kinds of pathogenic microorganisms except bacterial spores. Biomaterials involved in cell experiments, animal experiments, and clinical applications need to be in the aseptic state, but their physical and chemical properties as well as biological activities can be affected by sterilization or disinfection. Decellularized matrix (dECM) is the low immunogenicity material obtained by removing cells from tissues, which retains many inherent components in tissues such as proteins and proteoglycans. But there are few studies concerning the effects of sterilization or disinfection on dECM, and the systematic introduction of sterilization or disinfection for dECM is even less. Therefore, this review systematically introduces and analyzes the mechanism, advantages, disadvantages, and applications of various sterilization and disinfection methods, discusses the factors influencing the selection of sterilization and disinfection methods, summarizes the sterilization and disinfection methods for various common dECM, and finally proposes a graphical route for selecting an appropriate sterilization or disinfection method for dECM and a technical route for validating the selected method, so as to provide the reference and basis for choosing more appropriate sterilization or disinfection methods of various dECM.

Abstract Aims/Introduction To examine the performance and identify the optimal threshold of vibration perception threshold (VPT) for diagnosing diabetic polyneuropathy (DPN) in a Chinese population according to multiple definitions of DPN as gold standards. Materials and Methods VPT was determined in 421 Chinese individuals with type 2 diabetes, who simultaneously completed a questionnaire of neuropathic symptoms, and underwent the assessment of signs of peripheral neuropathy and electromyography tests. Three definitions of DPN (i.e., clinician‐diagnosed DPN, abnormal nerve conduction and confirmed DPN) were taken as reference gold standards. Results Vibration perception threshold was a specific measure for all three groups of DPN outcomes, with the highest specificity noted for clinician‐diagnosed DPN (85.1%). The specificity for abnormal nerve conduction and confirmed DPN was 77.0 and 76.6%, respectively. The sensitivity of VPT was 67.0% for clinician‐diagnosed DPN, 66.5% for abnormal nerve conduction and 67.2% for confirmed DPN. The optimal cut‐off threshold for abnormal nerve conduction, as well as confirmed DPN, was VPT >14.9 V. The specificity and sensitivity of VPT >14.9 V as the cut‐off value for clinician‐diagnosed DPN were 85.6 and 66.2%, respectively. When taking clinician‐diagnosed DPN as the gold standard, the performance of VPT for diagnosing DPN was best with an area under the curve value of 0.804. Conclusions VPT measured using the neurothesiometer had relatively high specificity and best performance for diagnosing DPN when clinician‐diagnosed DPN rather than abnormal nerve conduction was taken as the gold standard in a Chinese population. A VPT value of ≥15 V might be equally applicable for diagnosing DPN in a Chinese population.

ObjectiveNumerous studies have demonstrated that religious belief is associated with prosocial behavior. However, how do they maintain cooperation in societies with a predominating atheist population, such as China? Different primings (explicit, subliminal, implicit) and a quasi-experiment are used to examine the link between communist authority and prosocial behaviors among college students in China.Materials and methodsIn Study 1 (N = 398), the subjects’ communist authority in the university lab was primed by a communist-authority video. In Study 2 (N = 296), we compared the priming effects of communist authority and religion on prosocial intention. Study 3 (N = 311) investigated the priming effect of communist authority on prosocial behaviors by employing a scrambled sentence task in the university lab. A quasi-experiment was conducted in Study 4 (N = 313).ResultsResults showed that communist-authority, a reminder of secular authorities, increased prosociality among college students. And empathy moderated the relationship between secular authorities and prosociality in Study 3 and Study 4.DiscussionCommunist authority, a secular authority prime, has a positive effect on promoting prosocial behaviors. These results provided a feasible yet novel way to reveal the mechanism of the relationship between secular authorities and prosociality in China.

Harsh parenting can be regarded as a harsh behaviors, feelings, and attitudes toward children in the process of parenting. According to the theory of intergenerational transmission of violence, harsh parenting is an important factor affecting children’s aggressive behavior, but the theory does not clarify the specific action path between harsh parenting and aggressive behavior. In order to reveal the relationship between harsh parenting and the aggressive behavior of juvenile delinquents, 604 male juvenile delinquents (N = 604; Mage = 16.57 years; SD = 0.612 years) were investigated using the Harsh Parenting Questionnaire, the Buss–Perry Aggression Questionnaire, the Multidimensional Peer Victimization Scale, and the Word Sentence Association Paradigm for Hostility in Chinese. Analysis using structural equation modeling procedures showed that (a) all variables were positively associated with each other; (b) the partial indirect effect of harsh parenting on aggressive behaviors was determined through the mediators of peer victimization and hostile attribution bias independently; and (c) the partial indirect effect was determined through the mediators of peer victimization and hostile attribution bias sequentially. The results suggest that harsh parenting can explain the highly aggressive behavior of male juvenile delinquents. Moreover, harsh parenting may also predict the risk of peer victimization and hostile attribution bias, thereby predicting the development of highly aggressive behaviors.

Ortho functionalisation of phenols can be achieved using N-phenoxy amide directing groups. Here a method for chemodivergent C-H alkenylation, alkylation, carboetherification, or [3 + 2] annulation is presented, with product selectivity determined by the choice of solvent.

An alcohol consumption model with health education and three time delays is formulated and analyzed. The alcoholism generation number is defined. Two steady states of the model are found. At the same time, the corresponding global dynamics of the model are analyzed respectively in four cases with different time delays. Then, the effects of health education and three time delays in controlling the alcohol problem are discussed. Some numerical simulation results are also given to support our theoretical predictions.

Abstract Background “Loss-of-only-child family” refers to the family in which the only child died and the mother has passed her child-bearing age. The parents who are unable to reproduce or do not foster other children are known as “shidu parents” in China. This study aimed to estimate the quality of life (QOL) and the mediating role of social support between perceived stress and QOL in Chinese shidu parents. Methods 502 shidu parents were recruited in Shenyang city. Shidu parents were asked to complete a questionnaire including the MOS item short from health survey (SF-36), the perceived stress scale-10 (PSS-10) and the functional social support questionnaire (FSSQ). Hierarchical linear regression was performed to assess the associations among perceived stress, social support and QOL. Asymptotic and resampling strategies were used to explore the mediating role of social support. Results The mean score of PCS and MCS was 64.83 ± 22.66 and 59.36 ± 21.83, respectively. Perceived stress was found to be negatively associated with both PCS (β = − 0.21, p

This paper considers the trajectory tracking problem for a class of automatic straddle carriers (ASCs) with external interferences and the overturning constraints. First, the steering and the dynamics of the ASC are analyzed and the mathematical model of the ASC is established. Then, considering the impact of external interferences on the trajectory tracking accuracy, an improved dynamic Kalman filter is designed in order to obtain the state estimation of the ASC. Based on the obtained state estimation, a model-predictive control method is proposed which takes the anti-overturning constraints into account. In addition, the improved Kalman-filter-based model-predictive control (iKFMPC) algorithm is summarized for the considered ASC to travel smoothly along the given trajectory while meeting the overturning resistance. Finally, simulation analyses demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed method.

Background: Previous studies have focused on the associations between core symptoms and dietary intake in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, few studies have explored how dietary patterns and behaviors relate to the risk of ADHD. The aim of our study is to explore the associations between dietary patterns and behaviors and the risk of ADHD, which could provide evidence for follow-up and treatments for children with ADHD. Methods: We conducted a case–control study, including 102 children diagnosed with ADHD and 102 healthy children. The food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and the children’s eating behavior questionnaire (CEBQ) were used to investigate food consumption and eating behaviors. We applied exploratory factor analysis for constructing dietary patterns, and the factor scores were adopted for log-binomial regression to assess the associations between how dietary patterns and eating behaviors affect the risk of ADHD. Results: We extracted five dietary patterns with a cumulative contribution rate of 54.63%. Processed food–sweets scores revealed positive associations with an increased risk of ADHD (OR = 1.451, 95% CI: 1.041–2.085). Moreover, processed food–sweets tertile 3 was associated with an increased risk of ADHD (OR = 2.646, 95% CI: 1.213–5.933). In terms of eating behaviors, the group with a higher score relating to a desire to drink was also positively correlated with the risk of ADHD (OR = 2.075, 95% CI: 1.137–3.830). Conclusions: In the treatment and follow-up of children with ADHD, dietary intake and eating behaviors should be considered.

Abstract Background The repair of large-scale full-thickness skin defects represents a challenging obstacle in skin tissue engineering. To address the most important problem in skin defect repair, namely insufficient blood supply, this study aimed to find a method that could promote the formation of vascularized skin tissue. Method The phenotypes of ASCs and EPCs were identified respectively, and ASCs/EPCs were co-cultured in vitro to detect the expression of dermal and angiogenic genes. Furthermore, the co-culture system combined with dermal extracellular matrix hydrogel was used to repair the full-scale skin defects in rats. Result The co-culture of ASCs/EPCs could increase skin- and angiogenesis-related gene expression in vitro. The results of in vivo animal experiments demonstrated that the ASCs/EPCs group could significantly accelerate the repair of skin defects by promoting the regeneration of vascularized skin. Conclusion It is feasible to replace traditional single-seed cells with the ASC/EPC co-culture system for vascularized skin regeneration. This system could ultimately enable clinicians to better repair the full-thickness skin defects and avoid donor site morbidity.

Abstract Background Recurrence after the healing of a foot ulcer is very common among patients with diabetes mellitus. Novel diabetic therapeutic footwear consisted of merino wool, vibration chip, and orthopedic insoles is designed to influence multifaceted mechanisms of foot ulcer occurrence. The aim of this study is to examine the effect of the optimally designed therapeutic footwear on preventing ulcer recurrence in patients with a history of diabetic foot ulcers (DFU). Methods/design The trial is designed as a two arms, parallel-group, open-label randomized controlled intervention study. The Log-rank Test was used for calculating sample size based on the latest national multicenter survey data of DFU in China. Three hundred and twenty participants will be recruited from the Diabetic Foot Care Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University. Adults with diabetic peripheral neuropathy, healed foot ulceration in the 3 months prior to randomization, and aged ≥18 years, will be recruited. Participants will be randomized to receive novel diabetic therapeutic footwear (n = 160) or their own footwear (n = 160). The primary outcome will be the incidence of ulcer recurrence. The secondary outcome will be measurements of barefoot dynamic plantar pressures, the influence of footwear adherence on ulcer recurrence, and the incidence of cardiovascular events. Assessment visits and data collection will be obtained at baseline, 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months. The intention-to-treat principle will be applied. A cox regression model will be used to calculate the hazard ratio for the incidence of ulcer recurrence. The change of barefoot dynamic plantar pressures will be assessed using repeated measures ANOVA. The study protocol has been approved by the Ethics Committee of The Biomedical Research Ethics Committee of West China Hospital, Sichuan University (Reference No. 2019(96)). Discussion This clinical trial will give information on the ability of novel diabetic footwear on preventing ulcer recurrence in patients with a history of diabetic foot ulceration. If the optimally designed therapeutic footwear does work well, the findings will contribute to the development of innovative treatment devices for preventing foot ulcer recurrence in high-risk patients. Trial registration Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ChiCTR1900025538 . Registered on 31 August 2019.

Energy storage systems are widely used in various fields such as renewable energy generation, hybrid electric vehicle, power grid, etc. However, the difference in characteristics among energy storage cells is one of the bottlenecks faced by large-scale application of energy storage systems, and the voltage imbalance among cells will gradually increase due to nonuniform characteristics. To solve this problem, this paper proposed a transformer-less voltage equalizer based on multi-stacked type converters for series-connected energy storage cells. Only two switches controlled by same driving signals are required and all cell voltages become uniform automatically without current sensor, voltage sensor and closed-loop control. Compared with the conventional single-switch voltage equalizer, the proposed equalizer not only inherits the current limit characteristic of conventional equalizer in discontinuous conduction mode operation but also obtains higher equalization speed and reduced current ripple. Operation principles and characteristics analysis of proposed equalizer are introduced, and the experimental verification are carried out to verify the effectiveness and superiority of proposed equalizer.

Today’s development focuses on the integration of affective meaning into products and services. Kansei Engineering (KE) is a technology that establishes the relationship between customers’ kansei and design elements to optimize the design for customers. This study aims to identify the research status and emerging trends in KE research by using visualization analysis with CiteSpace. We retrieve 2830 articles from the core collection of the Web of Science (1995–2021). First, based on the chronological distribution and background of research institutions, journals, literatures, countries and core authors, this study analyzes the main contributions, knowledge sources, interdisciplinary characteristics and major research domains of KE. Second, the research hotspots and cutting-edge technologies are intuitively presented and analyzed to reveal the knowledge structure and research frontier. Finally, this research expounds upon the evolution and developmental process of each stage and proposes the emerging trends of KE research, which are the use of big data in the Internet era, multidisciplinary cooperation, and the integration of multiple mathematical algorithms to serve multiapplication practice. This is also the orientation for further research on KE in the succeeding stages.