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Abstract Background CADASIL(Cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy)is an inherited small vessel disease caused by mutations in NOTCH3 gene. Although NOTCH3 has numerous hotspots of gene mutations, mutations in exons 9 are rare. The p.C484T gene mutation type associated with it has not been reported in any relevant cases yet. Furthermore, CADASIL patients rarely present with acute bilateral multiple subcortical infarcts. Case presentation We report the case of a Chinese female patient with CADASIL who experienced “an acute bilateral subcortical infarction” because of“hemodynamic changes and hypercoagulability”. In genetic testing, we discovered a new Cys484Tyr mutation in exon 9, which has also been found in the patient’s two daughters. Conclusions It is important to note that this discovery not only expands the mutation spectrum of Notch3 mutations in CADASIL patients, but also examines the mechanism behind acute bilateral subcortical infarction in CADASIL patients via case reviews and literature reviews, in order to provide some clinical recommendations for early intervention, diagnosis, and treatment in similar cases in the future.

The distribution of energetic ion flux in the ring current region, such as a meteorological cumulonimbus cloud, stores up the particle energy for a geomagnetic substorm. It is helpful to study the geomagnetic substorm mechanism by using a lunar base ENA imaging simulation of the dynamic evolution of the ring current, and establishing the corresponding relationship between key node events of the substorm. Based on the previous observation experience and our simulation results of the dynamic evolution of the ring current, we propose a macroscopic model of substorms related to the dynamic evolution of ring currents and present the possibility of confirming the causal sequence of some of those critical node events of substorms with the lunar base ENA imaging measurement. IBEX, operating in the ecliptic plane, may even give examples of the telemetry of ring current ion fluxes through ENA measurements during substorms/quiets.

Abstract Background Previous studies on unilateral internal carotid artery occlusive disease have focused on the mechanisms of ipsilateral hemispheric stroke, and contralateral stroke is considered to be an accidental phenomenon. Little is known about the relationship between severe stenosis (including occlusion) of the unilateral extracranial segment of the internal carotid artery and contralateral cerebral stroke, and the infarct patterns and pathogenesis require further study. The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical characteristics and pathogenesis of contralateral acute stroke with unilateral extracranial internal carotid artery stenosis (including occlusion). Methods Thirty‐four patients were enrolled in this study, and all patients underwent routine clinical evaluation, including medical history, physical examination, laboratory tests, and various imaging evaluations. The morphological characteristics of diffusion‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging were applied to determine infarct patterns. The etiological classification was confirmed according to the TOAST classification. Results There were six distinctive lesion patterns: small subcortical infarcts (six patients), large subcortical infarcts (one patient), diffuse infarcts (eight patients), multiple anterior circulation infarcts (eight patients), multiple posterior circulation infarcts (two patients), and multiple anterior and posterior circulation infarcts (nine patients). Conclusion Diffuse and multiple infarcts were the most common topographic patterns in ischemic stroke contralateral to internal carotid artery stenosis or occlusion. Hemodynamic impairment of the contralateral hemisphere due to hypoperfusion and blood theft is regarded as the basis of stroke occurrence. Low ischemic tolerance and embolism are the main causes of acute ischemic stroke.

Abstract Background Nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) and intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis (ICAS) are major causes of ischemic stroke. Relatively few studies have focused on the risk factors and clinical features of ischemic stroke caused by NVAF combined with ICAS. Method We retrospectively evaluated NVAF and/or ICAS in patients with acute ischemic stroke admitted within 72 h after stroke. All patients with acute ischemic stroke underwent diffusion‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI), magnetic resonance angiography (MRA), computed tomography angiography (CTA), and/or digital subtraction angiography (DSA). NVAF was detected by routine electrocardiogram or 24‐h Holter examination, Doppler echocardiography, and contrast echocardiography of the right heart. Results Among the 635 enrolled patients, NVAF, ICAS, and NVAF+ICAS were diagnosed in 170 (26.77%), 255 (40.16%), and 210 (33.07%) patients, respectively. Patients in the NVAF+ICAS group were older (p

CO2-N2-mixture injection can be used for the exploitation and reformation of natural gas hydrate reservoirs. The permeability evolution of sediments in the presence of CO2-N2 hydrate is very important. In current permeability tests, hydrate-bearing sediment formed from CO2-N2 gas mixture is rarely involved. In this work, hydrate-bearing sediment was formed from CO2-N2 mixtures, and a constant flow method was employed to measure the permeability of the hydrate-bearing sediments. The effects of CO2 mole fraction and hydrate saturation on the permeability were investigated. The results show that gas composition is the key factor affecting hydrate formation. Hydrate saturation increases with increasing CO2 mole fraction in the gas mixture. The presence of hydrate formed from a CO2-N2 mixture leads to a sharp permeability reduction. The higher the fraction of CO2 in the injected gas mixture, the lower the sediment’s permeability. Our measured permeability data were also compared with and fitted to prediction models. The pore-filling model underestimates the permeability of hydrate-bearing sediments formed from a CO2-N2 gas mixture. The fitted hydrate saturation index in the Masuda model is 15.35, slightly higher than the general values, which means that the formed hydrates tend to occupy the pore center, and even block the pore throat.

This paper mainly investigated the propagation dynamics of the mixed-pattern solitons in strongly nonlocal nonlinear media. The propagation expression of the mixed-pattern soliton is derived, and its propagation characteristics are analyzed, including the evolution of the on-axis light intensity, the contour intensity distributions and the second-order moment beam width. It is found that the evolution behavior of the mixed-pattern soliton is periodic, which is closely related to the incident power and the transformation factor. The evolution of on-axis light intensity can be divided into three situations (depression situation, platform situation and raised situation) depending on the incident power. The evolution of the intensity distributions at the initial position can present three cases (Gaussian-like type, platform type and four-petal type) depending on the transformation factor. A series of numerical simulations are exhibited to explain these typical propagation characteristics. Keywords: Strongly nonlocal nonlinear media, Mixed-pattern soliton, Soliton propagation

BackgroundIntracranial aneurysm is an abnormal expansion in the intracranial arteries, which is associated with growth and apoptosis of vascular smooth muscle cells. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have implicated in the progression of intracranial aneurysms. The purpose of this paper is to study the function and mechanism of circRNA dedicator of cytokinesis 1 (circ_DOCK1) in regulating proliferation and apoptosis of human brain vascular smooth muscle cells (HBVSMCs).MethodsHBVSMCs were exposed to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Cell proliferation and apoptosis were detected by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) and flow cytometry, respectively. Circ_DOCK1, microRNA (miR)-409-3p, and myeloid cell leukemia sequence 1 (MCL1) levels were examined by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction or western blotting. The target association was assessed by dual-luciferase reporter, RNA pull-down, and RNA immunoprecipitation assays.ResultsExposure to H2O2 decreased proliferation and increased apoptosis of HBVSMCs. Circ_DOCK1 expression was reduced in H2O2-treated HBVSMCs. Circ_DOCK1 overexpression rescued H2O2-caused reduction of proliferation and PCNA expression and attenuated H2O2-induced apoptosis and expression of Bcl-2, Bax, and cleaved PARP. MiR-409-3p was targeted by circ_DOCK1 and upregulated in H2O2-treated HBVSMCs. MiR-409-3p upregulation mitigated the role of circ_DOCK1 in proliferation and apoptosis of H2O2-treated HBVSMCs. MCL1 was targeted via miR-409-3p and downregulated via H2O2 treatment. Circ_DOCK1 overexpression enhanced MCL1 expression via modulating miR-409-3p. MiR-409-3p knockdown weakened H2O2-induced proliferation reduction and apoptosis promotion via regulating MCL1.ConclusionCirc_DOCK1 overexpression mitigated H2O2-caused proliferation inhibition and apoptosis promotion in HBVSMCs by modulating miR-409-3p/MCL1 axis.

In this paper, we focus on the on-axis intensity evolutions of anomalous hollow Gaussian beams in highly nonlocal nonlinear media. It is found that the evolution of on-axis intensity is always periodic and the incident power of the beams plays a key role. By selecting the different amplitude of the incident power, the on-axis intensity evolutions exhibit themselves as three different shapes in each evolution period, i.e. the protrusion situation, the platform situation and the indentation situation. We analyze the three situations in detail, and the extreme values of on-axis intensity and their positions are all given analytically. The influences of the beam ellipticity and the off-waist departure distance on the on-axis intensity evolutions are also discussed. It is found that the evolution of on-axis intensity becomes more complicated, and the on-axis intensity evolution in each period splits into two intensity peaks. Keywords: Highly nonlocal nonlinear medium, Beam propagation, On-axis intensity

Abstract Background The neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) plays a crucial role in transporting IgG and associated antigens across polarized epithelial barriers in mucosal immunity. However, it was not clear that FcRn expression in aggregated lymphoid nodules area (ALNA) in abomasum, a unique and important mucosal immune structure discovered only in Bactrian camels. In the present study, 27 Alashan Bactrian camels were divided into the following five age groups: fetus (10–13 months of gestation), young (1–2 years), pubertal (3–5 years), middle-aged (6–16 years) and old (17–20 years). The FcRn expressions were observed and analyzed in detail with histology, immunohistochemistry, micro-image analysis and statistical methods. Results The results showed that the FcRn was expressed in mucosal epithelial cells of ALNA from the fetus to the old group, although the expression level rapidly declined in old group; moreover, after the ALNA maturated, the FcRn expression level in the non-follicle-associated epithelium (non-FAE) was significantly higher than that in FAE (P

Secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody-secreting cells (ASCs) are two important cell types in the mucosal immune system. This study aimed to explore the distribution of these ASC populations in the small intestine of Bactrian camels of different ages. Twenty-four Alashan Bactrian camels were divided into the following four age groups: young (1-2 years), pubertal (3-5 years), middle-aged (6-16 years) and old (17-20 years). SIgA and IgG ASCs in the intestinal mucosa lamina propria (LP) were observed and analyzed using immunohistochemcal techniques. The results from all age groups show that both SIgA and IgG ASCs were diffusely distributed in the intestinal LP, and some cells aggregated around the crypts. Moreover, the densities of the two ASC populations gradually increased from the duodenum to the jejunum and then decreased in the ileum. Meanwhile, there were more SIgA ASCs than IgG ASCs in the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum, and these differences were significant in the young and pubertal groups (P