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Supramolecular Cu(i) complexes are synthesized from 2,2′-bipyridine derivatives containing anion binding 1H-pyrazole and their applications in halogen sensing are studied.

Enhancing neurogenesis within the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) is critical for maintaining brain development and function in many neurological diseases. However, the neural mechanisms underlying neurogenesis in depression remain unclear. Here, we show that microglia transfer a microglia-enriched microRNA, miR-146a-5p, which then inhibits neurogenesis in depression via its capacity to secrete exosomes to DG regions. Overexpression of miR-146a-5p in DG regions suppresses neurogenesis and spontaneous discharge of excitatory neurons by directly targeting Kruppel-like factor 4 (KLF4). Down-regulation of miR-146a-5p expression, ameliorates adult neurogenesis deficits in DG regions and depression-like behaviors in rats. Intriguingly, circular-RNA ANKS1B acts as a miRNA sponge for miR-146a-5p to mediate posttranscriptional regulation of KLF4 expression. Collectively, these results indicate that miR-146a-5p can function as a critical factor regulating neurogenesis under conditions of pathological processes resulting from depression and suggest that microglial exosomes generate new cross-talk channels between glial cells and neurons.

Background Neuroinflammation occupies a pivotal position in the pathogenesis of most nervous system diseases, including depression. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of neuroinflammation associated with neuronal injury in depression remain largely uncharacterized. Therefore, identifying potential molecular mechanisms and therapeutic targets would serve to better understand the progression of this condition. Methods Chronic unpredictable stress (CUS) was used to induce depression-like behaviors in rats. RNA-sequencing was used to detect the differentially expressed microRNAs. Stereotactic injection of AAV virus to overexpress or knockdown the miR-204-5p. The oxidative markers and inflammatory related proteins were verified by immunoblotting or immunofluorescence assay. The oxidative stress enzyme and products were verified using enzyme-linked assay kit. Electron microscopy analysis was used to observe the synapse and ultrastructural pathology. Finally, electrophysiological recording was used to analyze the synaptic transmission. Results Here, we found that the expression of miR-204-5p within the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) region of rats was significantly down-regulated after chronic unpredicted stress (CUS), accompanied with the oxidative stress-induced neuronal damage within DG region of these rats. In contrast, overexpression of miR-204-5p within the DG region of CUS rats alleviated oxidative stress and neuroinflammation by directly targeting the regulator of G protein signaling 12 (RGS12), effects which were accompanied with amelioration of depressive-like behaviors in these CUS rats. In addition, down-regulation of miR-204-5p induced neuronal deterioration in DG regions and depressive-like behaviors in rats. Conclusion Taken together, these results suggest that miR-204-5p plays a key role in regulating oxidative stress damage in CUS-induced pathological processes of depression. Such findings provide evidence of the involvement of miR-204-5p in mechanisms underlying oxidative stress associated with depressive phenotype. Graphical Abstract

Major depression disorder (MDD) is a neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by abnormal neuronal activity in specific brain regions. A factor that is crucial in maintaining normal neuronal functioning is intracellular pH (pHi) homeostasis. In this study, we show that chronic stress, which induces depression-like behaviors in animal models, down-regulates the expression of the hippocampal Na

To compare the pharmacokinetic (PK) characteristics, investigate relative bioavailability, and provide data for potential additional bioequivalence trials between generic fidaxomicin (test (T) formulation) and the original brand (reference (R) formulation) in healthy Chinese subjects.An open, randomized, single-dose, cross-over study was conducted in 18 healthy Chinese subjects. The subjects randomly received T or R formulations and the alternative formulations were received after a 14-day wash-out period. Blood and fecal samples were collected and tested by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). PK parameters were calculated using a non-compartmental model. Relative bioavailability considering commonly established bioequivalence criteria was assessed.CDespite the differences in exposure, PK characteristics and fecal recovery of the two formulations were similar, suggesting that an effective concentration of the generic fidaxomicin could be achieved locally in the gastrointestinal tract. Fidaxomicin was a highly viable drug, thus providing reference for future clinical study design.

Background Neuronal injury is considered a critical risk factor in the pathogenesis of most neurological and neuropsychiatric diseases. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms and identification of potential therapeutic targets for preventing neuronal injury associated with brain function remain largely uncharacterized. Therefore, identifying neural mechanisms would put new insights into the progression of this condition and provide novel therapeutic strategies for the treatment of these diseases. Methods Stereotactic injection of AAV virus was used to knock-down the miR-26a-3p within hippocampus of rats. Behavioral changes was detected by open field test (OFT), elevated plus maze (EPM), forced swim test (FST) and sucrose preference test (SPT). The inflammatory cytokines and related proteins were verified by real-time quantitative PCR, immunoblotting or immunofluorescence assay. Golgi staining and electron microscopy analysis was used to observe the dendritic spine, synapse and ultrastructural pathology. SB203580 (0.5 mg/kg) were administered daily to prevent p38 MAPK via an intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection. Finally, electrophysiological method was used to examine the synaptic transmission via whole-cell patch-clamp recording. Results Here, we showed that miR-26a-3p deficiency within hippocampal regions leads to the activation of microglia, increased level of pro-inflammatory cytokines and behavioral disorders in rats, effects which appear to be mediated by directly targeting the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)–NF-κB signaling pathway. Specifically, we found that the enhanced glia-activation may consequently result in neuronal deterioration that mainly presented as the dysregulation of structural and functional plasticity in hippocampal neurons. In contrast, preventing p38 pathway by SB203580 significantly ameliorated abnormal behavioral phenotypes and neuronal jury resulting from miR-26a-3p knock-down. Conclusion These results suggest that the normal expression of miR-26a-3p exerts neuroprotective effects via suppressing neural abnormality and maintaining neuroplasticity to against behavioral disorders in rats. These effects appear to involve a down-regulation of p38 MAPK-NF-κB signaling within the hippocampal region. Taken together, these findings provide evidence that miR-26a-3p can function as a critical factor in regulating neural activity and suggest that the maintaining of normal structure and function of neurons might be a potential therapeutic strategy in the treatment of neurological disorders. Graphical Abstract

In this study, under the carbon cap-and-trade mechanism, the ordering cost presents a stepwise function for ordering quantity, and the optimal economic ordering quantity model aims to explore the manufacturer's total cost minimization in the finite planning horizon, in combination with the actual situation that the product will produce carbon emissions during transportation and storage. The economic order quantity (EOQ) model with stepwise ordering cost is applicable to the decision environment in which goods are utilized by sea, by rail or by air (e.g., the order cost is charged in addition to the basic fixed cost, the importer of raw materials will pay an additional freight related to delivery, such as the rent for the use of container numbers.). A heuristic algorithm is also proposed to analyze the relevant properties of the optimal solution of the model and to solve the optimal order times and quantities of the manufacturer under the constraint of carbon policy.We further compared the optimal order times with the case without carbon constraint and the order times corresponding to the manufacturer's realization of the minimum carbon emission, and obtained the conditions for the manufacturer to achieve low cost and low emission under the carbon policy.Finally, the theoretical results of the model are verified by numerical examples,and the influence of relevant parameters on the inventory strategy of manufacturers is discussed. The results show that under the carbon cap-and-trade policy, there is an optimal ordering strategy that minimizes the total cost of the manufacturer in the finite horizon. When the demand of the manufacturer is under finite horizon and the carbon policy is equal to the specific multiplier of orders, the manufacturer can achieve a win-win result of low cost and low emissions.

Curcumin is a polyphenol substance considered to be effective in the treatment of a number of neurodegenerative diseases. However, details regarding the exact mechanisms for the protective effects of curcumin in neuropsychiatric disorders, like depression, remain unknown. In the pathogenesis of major depressive disorder (MDD) it appears that dysregulation of oxidative stress and immune systems, particularly within the hippocampal region, may play a critical role. Here, we show that pre-treatment with curcumin (40 mg kg−1) alleviates depression-like behaviors in a LPS-induced rat model of depression, effects which were accompanied with suppression of oxidative stress and inflammation and an inhibition of neuronal apoptosis in the hippocampal CA1 region, and results from ultramicrostructure electrophysiological experiments revealed that the curcumin pre-treatment significantly prevented excessive synaptic loss and enhanced synaptic functioning in this LPS-induced rat model. In addition, curcumin attenuated the increases in levels of miR-146a-5p and decreases in the expression of p-ERK signaling that would normally occur within CA1 regions of these depressed rats. Taken together, these results demonstrated that curcumin exerts neuroprotective and antidepressant activities by suppressing oxidative stress, neural inflammation and their related effects upon synaptic dysregulation. One of the mechanisms for these beneficial effects of curcumin appears to involve the miR-146a-5p/ERK signaling pathway within the hippocampal CA1 region. These findings not only elucidated some of the mechanisms underlying the neuroprotective/antidepressant effects of curcumin, but also suggested a role of curcumin as a potential therapeutic strategy for depression.

Background Agomelatine has been shown to be effective in the treatment of depression, but the molecular mechanisms underlying its antidepressant effects have yet to be elucidated. Identification of these molecular mechanisms would not only offer new insights into the basis for depression but also provide the foundation for the development of novel treatments for this disorder. Methods Intraperitoneal injection of LPS was used to induce depression-like behaviors in rats. The interactions of the 5-HT2C reporter and Gαi-2 were verified by immunoprecipitation or immunofluorescence assay. Inflammatory related proteins, autophagy related proteins and apoptosis markers were verified by immunoblotting or immunofluorescence assay. Finally, electron microscopy analysis was used to observe the synapse and ultrastructural pathology. Results Here, we found that the capacity for agomelatine to ameliorate depression and anxiety in a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced rat model of depression was associated with an alleviation of neuroinflammation, abnormal autophagy and neuronal apoptosis as well as the promotion of neurogenesis in the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) region of these rats. We also found that the 5-HT2C receptor is coupled with G alphai (2) (Gαi-2) protein within hippocampal neurons and, agomelatine, acting as a 5-HT2C receptor antagonist, can up-regulate activity of the Gαi-2-cAMP-PKA pathway. Such events then suppress activation of the apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1) pathway, a member of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family involved in pathological processes of many diseases. Conclusion Taken together, these results suggest that agomelatine plays a neuroprotective role in regulating neuroinflammation, autophagy disorder and apoptosis in this LPS-induced rat model of depression, effects which are associated with the display of antidepressant behaviors. These findings provide evidence for some of the potential mechanisms for the antidepressant effects of agomelatine. Graphical Abstract

This paper purpose a structural design decision model by using service blueprint, failure mode effect analysis (FMEA), Fuzzy method, and the theory of inventive problem solving (TRIZ). In “service process analysis” stage, the service blueprint approach is used to analyze the potential service failure points in the service process. Then, FMEA is employed to diagnose the possible causes and effects of the service failure model in “service failure diagnosis” stage. The service failure models are prioritized according to the calculated integrated Risk Priority Number (RPN) and fuzzy number. In “innovative principle generation” stage, the innovative principles are generated by utilizing the TRIZ matrix. Finally, in “innovative solution conceptualization” stage, the TRIZ inventive principles are used to inspire the new solution for new service design. An empirical survey of home-care service agencies in Beijing is conducted to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed 2S2I model to improve home-care services, medical-equipment designs, and service delivery. The advantages, implications, and contributions of 2S2I model are also concluded.

An eight-coordinate (8C) Cu(II) heterometallic complex, displaying a distorted dodecahedral structure with an [(O2)4] donor set, has been synthesized by programmable self-assembly. Two 4-(4-carboxylatophenyl)pyrazolate di-anions coordinate to protected-Pd(II) units forming an extended right angle metalloligand as a building block, which links a Cu(II) atom to four short Cu–O(carboxy) bonds [2.052 A] and four long Cu–O(carboxy) bonds [2.766 A] in an eight-coordinated environment forming a unique 8C heteromultimetallic complex.

Several studies have reported separate roles of adenosine receptors and circadian clockwork in major depressive disorder. While less evidence exists for regulation of the circadian clock by adenosine signaling, a small number of studies have linked the adenosinergic system, the molecular circadian clock, and mood regulation. In this article, we review relevant advances and propose that adenosine receptor signaling, including canonical and other alternative downstream cellular pathways, regulates circadian gene expression, which in turn may underlie the pathogenesis of mood disorders. Moreover, we summarize the convergent point of these signaling pathways and put forward a pattern by which Homer1a expression, regulated by both cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB) and circadian clock genes, may be the final common pathogenetic mechanism in depression.

Luminescent organic molecules are of important realistic significance to the human health and ecological environment due to their fascinating applications. Here we report the design and synthesis of luminescent organic-molecules by introducing two or four NH-pyrazolate groups as mercury-binding moieties to aromatic cores. Interestingly, the new aromatic tetraphenylene-bridged multi-NH-pyrazoles exhibit strong fluorescence in both aggregate and solid state and constitutes highly selective proof-of-concept luminescent sensor for Hg(II) ion among various competitive transition-metal ions in both organic and mixed solutions via metal-nitrogen binding. Especially, the present sensor including two NH-pyrazolyl groups showed an extremely high sensitivity with low limit of detection of 7.26 and 3.67 nM. The proposed design strategy provides a wide scope for the construction of unique turn-on sensors with substantial potential in the sense of heavy metal pollution in enviromental water samples.

Correction for ‘Self-assembly of tripyrazolate-linked [M6L2] cages for the selective sensing of HSO3− and gaseous SO2 by turn-on fluorescence’ by Peipei Wang et al., Dalton Trans., 2023, https://doi.org/10.1039/d3dt00083d.

International food trade necessitates the existence of effective anti-tampering systems to protect against food toxins, thus making this kind of contamination difficult to get around. Due to a short growing season, fresh fruits and vegetables are easily damaged by spoilage and can lose much of their value. Being transported and stored is dangerous. Due to these risks, food prices will continue to rise for fresh produce. They are in such short supply that the fresh products will have a dramatic and urgent need for the supply chain. The journey to food and nutrition protection starts with a thorough examination of the problems that must be addressed in order to establish appropriate solutions. As a result, decision-making is defined as the process of selecting the best option from a set of options. The Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) continues to work well among various multi-criteria decision-making models. Based on the TOPSIS method, this study focuses on the risk level of a food production enterprise.

Depression is a neuropsychiatric disease associated with neuronal anomalies within specific brain regions. In the present study, we screened microRNA (miRNA) expression profiles in the dentate gyrus (DG) of hippocampus and found miR-26a-3p was markedly down-regulated in the rat model of depression, whereas up-regulation of miR-26a-3p within DG regions rescued the neuronal deterioration and depression-like phenotypes resulting from stress exposure, effects which appear to be mediated by the PTEN pathway. The knock-down of miR-26a-3p in DG regions of normal control rats induced depression-like behaviors, effects which were accompanied with an activation of PTEN-PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and neuronal deterioration via suppression of autophagy, impairments in synaptic plasticity and the promotion of neuronal apoptosis. In conclusion, these results suggested that a miR-26a-3p deficits within the hippocampal DG mediated the neuronal anomalies contributing to the display of depression-like behaviors. This miRNA may serve as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of depression.

The main target of the current study is to review the latest developments in accurate, reliable, and low-cost non-contact or remote techniques, including the usage of artificial intelligence (AI)-based methods, image processing (IP) system, and sensor technology for quality assessment in the food industry (FI). The IP systems and AI can be used for various purposes, such as classifying products based on size and shape, detecting product defects, the presence of microbes, and grading food quality. The sensor technology is now highly developed to assess food products' quality and safety due to the dramatic growth of nanotechnology and biotechnology. Also, in this paper, it was tried to examine the role of robots in the FI and discusses the advantages and disadvantages of using them in the FI.

With numerous promising cases in image processing, voice recognition, target detection, and other fields, deep learning (DL) have proven to be an advanced tool for big data analysis. It's been used in food science and engineering recently as well. This is the first food-related study that we are aware of. We gave a brief overview of DL in this paper, as well as comprehensive descriptions of the structure of some common deep neural network (DNN) architectures and training approaches. We looked at hundreds of publications that used DL as a data processing method to address problems and issues in the food domain, such as food identification, calorie estimating, fruit, potato, meat, and aquatic commodity quality detection, food supply chain, and food pollution. Each study looked at the particular challenges, datasets, preprocessing techniques, networks and systems used, the efficiency achieved, and comparisons with other common solutions. We examined the degree to which big data is being used in the food safety domain and found some positive developments in this article. According to our study results, DL outperforms other approaches such as manual attribute extractors, traditional machine learning algorithms, and DL as a promising technique in food quality and safety inspection.

Neuronal injury within specific brain regions is considered a critical risk factor in the pathophysiology of depression. However, the underlying mechanisms of this process, and thus the potential for development of novel therapeutic strategies in the treatment of depression, remain largely unknown. Here, we report that Il-6 protects against neuronal anomalies related with depression, in part, by suppressing oxidative stress and consequent autophagic and apoptotic hyperactivity. Specifically, we show that IL-6 is downregulated within the CA1 hippocampus in two animal models of depression and upregulated by antidepressants. Increasing levels of IL-6 in the CA1 region result in pleiotropic protective actions including reductions in oxidative stress and modulation of autophagy, anti-immuno-inflammatory activation and anti-apoptotic effects in CA1 neurons, all of which are associated with the rescue of depression-like behaviors. In contrast, IL-6 downregulation exacerbates neuronal anomalies within the CA1 region and facilitates the genesis of depression phenotypes in rats. Interestingly, in addition to attenuating oxidative damage, the antioxidant, N-acetylcysteine (NAC), is also associated with significantly decreased neuronal deficits and the display of depressive behaviors in rats. These results suggest that IL-6 may exert neuroprotection within CA1 neurons via pleiotropic mechanisms and may serve as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of depression.

Findings from recent studies have revealed that microRNAs (miRNAs) are related to numerous neurological disorders. However, whether miRNAs regulate neuronal anomalies involved in the pathogenesis of depression remain unclear. In the present study, we screened miRNA expression profiles in the CA1 hippocampus of a rat model of depression and found that a specific miRNA, microRNA‐211‐5p, was significantly down‐regulated in depressed rats. When miR‐211‐5p was up‐regulated in these rats, neuronal apoptosis within the CA1 area was suppressed, effects which were accompanied with an amelioration of depression‐like behaviours in these rats. These neuroprotective effects of miR‐211‐5p in depressed rats appear to result through suppression of the Dyrk1A/ASK1/JNK signalling pathway within the CA1 area. In further support of this proposal are the findings that knock‐down of miR‐211‐5p within the CA1 area of normal rats activated the Dyrk1A/ASK1/JNK pathway, resulting in the promotion of neuronal apoptosis and display of depression‐like behaviours in these rats. Taken together, these results demonstrate that deficits in miR‐211‐5p contribute to neuronal apoptosis and thus depression‐like behaviours in rats. Therefore, the miR‐211‐5p/Dyrk1A pathway may be critically involved in the pathogenesis of depression and serve as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of depression.

Emerging evidence has shown that microRNAs (miRNAs) contribute to the pathogenesis of depression, a potentially life-threatening and disabling mental disorder caused by the interaction of genetic and environmental factors. However, the specific miRNAs and their underlying molecular mechanisms as involved in the pathogenesis and development of depression remain largely unknown. In the present study, we screened miRNA expression profiles and found that miR-211-5p was significantly down-regulated within the dentate gyrus (DG) hippocampus in the chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) induced rat model of depression. Deficits in miR-211-5p were accompanied with reductions in neurogenesis and increased apoptosis in these CUMS rats. In contrast, an up-regulation of miR-211-5p within the DG area in CUMS rats promoted neuronal neurogenesis, reduced neuronal apoptosis via suppression of the Dyrk1A/STAT3 signaling pathway and relieved depression-like behaviors in these CUMS rats. In rats subjected to a knock-down of miR-211-5p in the DG there was an increase in neuronal apoptosis and a decrease in neuronal regeneration, effects which were accompanied with an induction of depression-like behaviors. Taken together, the results of our study reveal that altered levels of miR-211-5p in the hippocampal DG area exert a significant impact on neurogenesis, apoptosis and thus depression-like behaviors in rats. These findings suggest that the miR-211-5p/Dyrk1A pathway plays an important role in the pathogenesis of depression and may serve as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of depression.

Depression is an inflammatory-related condition, with the progression in neuronal damage resulting in major depression disorder. Ginsenoside-Rg1, a sterol extract from the herb Panax ginseng, has been shown to exert neuroprotective effects upon neurodegeneration disorders. However, whether ginsenoside-Rg1 confers antidepressant-like effects on neuroinflammation as associated with depression, as well as the possible mechanism involved in these neuroprotective effects, is currently unclear. In the present report, we show that treatment with ginsenoside-Rg1 (40 mg/kg, i.p.) significantly ameliorated depressive-like behaviors as induced by chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) in a rat model of depression. Moreover, these CUMS rats treated with ginsenoside-Rg1 showed reductions in the levels of the oxidative stress products and the activity in the antioxidant stress kinase. Furthermore, CUMS rats treated with ginsenoside-Rg1 showed ameliorated neuroinflammation and associated neuronal apoptosis along with a reduction in dendritic spine atrophy and display of depressive behaviors. Taken together, the results of this study suggest that ginsenoside-Rg1 produces antidepressant-like effects in CUMS-exposed rats; and one of the mechanisms for these antidepressant-like effects of ginsenoside-Rg1 appears to involve protection against oxidative stress and thus the neuronal deterioration resulting from inflammatory responses. These findings provide evidence for the therapeutic potential of ginsenoside-Rg1 in the treatment of stress-related depression.

A series of regioisomeric luminophores L1–L8 with 1H-pyrazol-3-yl or 1H-pyrazol-4-yl substituents at the different positions of anthracene core have been synthesised and characterised. According to the photophysical properties and related frontier orbital features of these compounds, the ‘site-effect’ of pyrazolyl substituent on an anthracene unit can be found, demonstrating the dependence of the properties of the compound on the position of substitution of the pyrazolyl moieties connecting to the anthracene core. Moreover, the target luminophores present reversible mechanochromism properties. The most significant mechanochromism luminescence is achieved for luminophores L1 and L2 with pyrazolyl substituents at the 9-and 10-positions of the anthracene unit. Upon grinding the pristine powder sample, a colour change from light yellow to yellow-green is observed. In addition, the target luminophores L2, L4, L6 and L8 demonstrate sensing properties of Hg2+ ions with high selectivity and exceptional sensitivity. These findings suggest that these anthracene-centred luminophores are promising functional platforms with fluorescence and selective heavy metal sensor arrays.

The reaction of ligand (H2L) named 3-(3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)pentane-2,4-dione and Cu(NO3)2 produces two types of supramolecular homometallic complexes well-controlled by stepwise deprotonation. With lower NaHCO3 concentrations as the base, the product [Cu(HL)2]4 (1) exhibits a two-dimensional (2D) rhombus with Cu/(HL) = 1:2. When NaHCO3 is further employed on complex 1, however, the product [Cu(HL)(L)]n (2) with Cu/(HL)/(L) = 1:1:1 displays a zigzag one-dimensional (1D) chain. The ditopic ligand is used also for the programmable self-assembly of a zero-dimensional (0D) mononuclear complex [Fe(HL)3] (3) and one-dimensional (1D) heterometallic multinuclear complex [AgFe(HL)3(NO3)]n (4). Complex 3 readily forms upon reaction of H2L with Fe(NO3)3 and NaHCO3 as the base. The reaction of 3 with the second metal salt yielded the complex 4 with a porous ladder structure. Complexes 1, 2, 3, and 4 were investigated by a combination of X-ray crystallography, powder X-ray diffraction, elemental analysis, therm...

Metal-directed self-assembly approaches led to the formation of two novel boat-shaped palladium(II)-based metallacalixarenes 1 (1 a, 1 b and 1 c) and 2 (2 a, 2 b and 2 c), by using the two new ligands 2,6-bis(1H-naphtho[2,3]imidazol-1-yl)pyridine (L1 ) and 1,3-bis(1H-naphtho[2,3]imidazol-1-yl)benzene (L2 ) with cis-coordinated PdII precursor (tmeda)Pd(ONO2 )2 (tmeda=N, N, N', N'-tetra-methylethylenediamine), repectively. All complexes with different counterions were systematically characterized in solution, and their structures were determined by X-ray single crystallography analyses in the solid state. The crystal architectures were subtly regulated among different anions through two types (inter- and intra-)molecular C-H hydrogen bonding interactions and other weak interactions. The anion complexation with the two metal-assembled anion receptors were further investigated in solution.

The self-assembly of (tmen)Pd(NO3)2 (where tmen = N1, N1, N2, N2-tetramethylethane-1,2-diamine) and 4,7-phenanthroline rigid ligand (L) in aqueous solution affords positively charged [Pd3L3]6+ Pd-based molecular bowls (1a·6NO3− and 1b·6BF4−). Their structures were characterized by 1H NMR, electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Interestingly, X-ray diffraction analysis of 1a·6NO3− and 1b·6BF4− revealed that an anion was bound inside the cavity of the bowl-shaped structure by multiple C H···O hydrogen bonds in 1a·6NO3−, while multiple C H···F hydrogen bonds in 1b·6BF4−. The interactions between [Pd3L3]6+ molecular bowl and a variety of anions were investigated via NMR titration and fluorescent studies, respectively.

A novel heterometallic diPdII -diCuII grid-chain, {[(bpy)4 Pd4 Cu2 L4 ](NO3 )4 }n (2; bpy=2,2'-bipyridine), was synthesized through a programmable self-assembly approach from the molecular corners [(bpy)2 Pd2 (HL)(L)](NO3 ) (1) as linkers with CuII nitrate by using the bifunctional H2 L ligand featuring primary (pyrazole) and secondary (benzoic acid) groups. Structural analysis revealed that 1D structure 2 consists of one [Cu2 (O2 CPh)4 ]n unit as a bridge and two [(bpy)2 Pd2 L2 ]n corners. Additionally, the catalytic effect of the heterometallic synergy on the Suzuki coupling reaction by using 2 was further explored.

A series of polynuclear complexes (2–5, 7) and dinuclear complex (6) of first row transition metals have been synthesized by the reaction of β-diketonate metal complexes including Mn(II), Zn(II), Co(II) and Cu(II) with the fluorescent anthracene ligand 9,10–Bis(4-pyridyl)anthracene (bpanth). All complexes were characterized by single-crystal X-ray structure analysis, FT-IR, UV–vis and fluorescence spectroscopy. Distrinct and interesting luminescent properties of 2–7 were investigated in the solution state.

A series of capsule-like anion receptors (1: {[(bpy)2Pd2]2L12}4+, 2: {[(bpy)2Pd2]2L22}4+, 3: {[(bpy)2Pd2]3L32}6+ and 4: {[(bpy)2Pd2]3L42}6+) have been successfully self-assembled by coordinating the flexible amide based polypyrazole ligands (H2L1: N1,N4-di(1H-pyrazol-5-yl)terephthalamide, H2L2: N1,N4-bis(3-methyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)- terephthalamide, H3L3: N1,N3,N5-tri(1H-pyrazol-5-yl)benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxamide and H3L4: N1,N3,N5-tris(3-methyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxamide) with dipalladium corners ([(bpy)2Pd2(NO3)2](NO3)2, where bpy = 2,2′-bipyridine) in aqueous solution. These complexes were characterized by 1H NMR, 19F NMR, 31P NMR, 2D 1H–1H NOSEY spectra, ESI-MS and single crystal X-ray diffraction. Interestingly, the NMR spectra measured in solution and structure analysis carried out in the solid state consistently confirmed that one nitrate anion was unsymmetrically accommodated in the cavity of capsules 1 and 2 via N-H···anion hydrogen bonding and other multiple weak interactions. Furthermore, 1H NMR titrations for competitive anion exchange indicated that complexes 1•4NO3− and 2•4NO3− show high selectivity for the encapsulation of NO3– in dimethyl sulfoxide.

Two novel bis-(β-diketonate) ligands, 1,1′-(anthracene-1,8-diyl)bis(butane-1,3-dione) (H2L1), 1,1′-(anthracene-1,5-diyl)bis(4,4,4-trifluorobutane-1,3-dione) (H2L2) have been designed and synthesized for self-assembly of the luminescent supramolecular coordination compounds with transition and lanthanide metals. Two neutral dinuclear supramolecular assemblies Cu(II)-bis-β-diketonate macrocyclic complex [Cu2(L1)2](CH3OH)2 (1·2CH3OH) and Eu(III) bis-β-diketonate triple-stranded complex [Eu2(L2)3](CH3OH)4 (2·4CH3OH) have been characterized by various spectroscopic techniques. Their photophysical properties were further investigated. X-ray single crystal structural analysis revealed that complex 1·2CH3OH adopts a 1D chain arrangement which is constructed with a pitch of 1.951 A through intermolecular hydrogen bonds along the b axis. The slightly distorted parallelogram of 1 is a neutral [M2L2]-type macrocycle with a size of 5.40 A × 8.40 A. The triple-stranded helicate CPK (Corey-Pauling-Koltun) diagram was calculated using Scigress 2.6 program.

Fault location is an effective way to ensure quickly power recovery after a failure in power distribution system. Bad operation environment of FTU, damaged elements or lost information usually cause variations in fault information for correlation analysis in fault location of power distribution system. A data mining (DM) correlation analysis model based on rough sets (RS) theory and immune algorithm (IA) is proposed in this paper. Firstly, using RS theory to extract domain knowledge, a set of the given variant fault pattern is converted into a decision table in RS. Secondly, an attribute reduction of the decision table is made by using the IA theory, and the intrinsic correlation rules between input vector (condition attribute) and output vector (decision attribute) are mined. Then, the data mining method is used to deal with the distortion of FTU real-time input information. According to the current limit information sequence of section switches, line fault states in each section are judged to realize the fault location in power distribution network. Finally, the feasibility and effectiveness of the fault location model of distribution network based on RS-IA data mining model is verified by simulation.

A bifunctional ligand H2L featuring primary (pyrazole) and secondary (acetylacetone) coordination sites was preferentially reacted with dimetallic [M2(NO3)2](NO3)2 linkers at the pyrazolyl end of H2L, giving rise to dimetallic corners. Subsequently, the corners serve as the secondary site with M′ to form water-soluble organo-heterometallic [M12M′4L12] cages in a stepwise mode.

Three hexametal-organic cages [(N^N)6Pd6L2]6+ with syn, syn, syn conformation were synthesized via the coordination of tris(4-(1H-pyrazol-3-yl)phenyl)amine ligands and [(N^N)2Pd2(NO3)2](NO3)2 dimetallic corners (N^N = 2,2′-bipyridine for 1; 4,4′-dimethylbipyridine for 2; 1,10-phenanthroline for 3). These hexametal-organic cages exhibit anion sensing toward HSO3− in aqueous solution via fluorescent titration and NMR spectroscopy studies.

The electropolymerized films of poly(L)n on an indium-tin oxide (ITO) electrode was prepared by anodic electrooxidation of a dichloromethane solution of a triphenylamine-carrying organic molecule L and were characterized/studied by ultraviolet-visible absorption spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, and photoelectrochemical measurements. Poly(L)n films were found to show surface-controlled TPA•+1/0 associated quasi-reversible redox and exceptionally high photocurrent generation properties. At a zero external bias potential and under 100 mW/cm2 white light irradiation, a photoelectrochemical device composed of a poly(L)1-modified ITO as the working electode, a platinum disk counter electrode, and saturated calomel electrode reference electrode in a 0.1 M Na2SO4 aqueous solution exhibited a significant cathode photocurrent density of 2.2 μA/cm2, which could be switched to be anodic and outperform most previously reported molecule-based modified ITO electrodes under similar experimental conditions. The results indicate that poly(L)n films offer a number of future perspectives ranging from organic photovoltaic to photoelectrochemical catalysis and sensing.

Due to a wide variety of physical parameters for designing metallic glasses (MGs), it is difficult to fabricate them without performing time-consuming and costly experiments. To tackle this problem, we proposed an artificial intelligence approach, i.e. machine learning model, to predict the inherent features of MGs with promising alloying compositions. As a case study, Mg-Cu-Y ternary system was examined for engineering potential MG compositions. To make better glass forming ability (GFA), some elements such as Ag, Pd and Ni were minor added into the ternary system. The results indicated that the added elements significantly change the glass formation behavior of ternary system and shift the maximum GFA based on their interaction with the elemental constitutes of alloying composition.