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With the emergence and rapid spreading of NDM-1 and existence of clinically relevant VIM-1 and IMP-1, discovery of pan inhibitors targeting metallo-beta-lactamases (MBLs) became critical in our battle against bacterial infection. Concurrent with our fragment and high-throughput screenings, we performed a knowledge-based search of known metallo-beta-lactamase inhibitors (MBLIs) to identify starting points for early engagement of medicinal chemistry. A class of compounds exemplified by

Cr-C-Ni-diamond composite deposits with synthetic diamond particles of 50 μm in average size were electroplated onto a medium-carbon steel rod to fabricate electroplated diamond grinding rods. To make an electroplated Cr-C-Ni-diamond grinding rod with a high diamond density, three sequential electroplating processes were proposed, including Ni undercoating, Ni-diamond co-electroplating, and Cr-C strengthen-electroplating. The Cr-C strengthening deposit was prepared in an eco-friendly Cr3+-based plating bath. A composite Cr-C-Ni-diamond deposit with multi-layered diamond particles could be prepared on the steel rod substrate by repeating the proposed three sequential electroplating processes. After electroplating, some of the prepared grinding rods were annealed at 500 °C for 30 min to increase the hardness of Cr-C deposit. As-plated and annealed electroplated Cr-C-Ni-diamond grinding rods with one- and two-layered diamond particles were used to grind slots in Al2O3 plates in a depth of 5 mm to evaluate their grinding-life performances. Based on the results of grinding tests, the ground length of an electroplated Cr-C-Ni-diamond grinding rod was significantly increased after annealing at 500 °C for 30 min, and the length was further extended by electroplating two layers of Cr-Cs-Ni-diamond composite deposit. A relatively long ground length of 1320 mm was achieved from the 500 °C-annealed electroplated diamond grinding rod with two-layered diamonds, but only 30 mm from the as-plated one. It was evidenced that an anneal-hardened Cr-C deposit can serve as a competent strengthening layer in the electroplated diamond tool.

Ni–diamond and Ni–B–diamond composite deposits were electroplated with a current density of 20 A/dm2 on a steel cylinder with a diameter of 6.0 mm in a Ni-Watt bath with different tetramethylammonium borohydride (TMAB) concentrations and 300-g/L synthetic diamond particles with sizes between 30 and 50 μm. Prior to Ni–diamond or Ni–B–diamond composite electroplating, a Ni undercoating with a thickness of 50 μm was electroplated on the steel cylinder. During composite electroplating, diamond particles were intermittently stirred with different stirring cycles in the plating bath. Experimental results show the distribution of diamond particles in the Ni or Ni–B deposit depends strongly on the stirring cycle. A composite deposit with a high diamond density can be achieved with intermittent stirring by using an on the period of 5 s and an off period of 80 s. From the results of milling test, an electroplated Ni–B–diamond milling tool with a high milling ability can be achieved after annealing at 300 °C or 500 °C for 30 min.

Lysine was attached to phenylbutyric acid (PBA) to form PBA-α-Lys and PBA-ω-Lys as PBA prodrugs for treating chemotherapy-associated mucositis. Pharmacokinetic studies were conducted in Wistar rats for determining the systemic bioavailability of both prodrugs and the released PBA. The systemic bioavailability of PBA after oral administration of PBA-α-Lys or PBA-ω-Lys was higher than from i.v. administration, indicating that first pass effect is responsible for the transformation from the prodrugs to the parent drug. Lack of stability in the intestine made PBA-α-Lys unsatisfied as an oral prodrug of PBA. Oral administration of PBA-ω-Lys, on the other hand, led to a slow PBA-releasing profile in circulation. Although the AUC(subscript 0→t) of systemic released PBA from oral administration of PBA-ω-Lys was lower than from oral administration of PBA per se, MRT(subscript inf) was 5 times longer (9.64±2.16 vs 1.81±0.28 hr), t(subscript 1/2) was 4 times longer (6.18±2.09 hr vs 1.50±0.17 hr), and AUMC(subscript inf) was 2 folds higher (168.7±67.7 hr(superscript *)hr(superscript *)μg/mL vs 88.8±12.4 hr(superscript *)hr(superscript *)μg/mL). In conclusion, oral administration of PBA-ω-Lysine exhibited a sustained PBA-releasing pharmacokinetic profile in rats. The bioavailability of PBA released in inflammatory tissues and anti-mucositis activity need to be further investigated for the evaluation of PBA-ω-Lysine as an effective targetable anti-mucositis agent.

IrO2-Ta2O5/Ti anodes were thermally pretreated by means of baking and continuous heating, and then thermal decomposition at 450 °C for 30 min. To prepare an IrO2-Ta2O5/Ti anode, a Ti substrate was dipped in the precursor, baked at 80 or 90 °C for different periods, and then thermally decomposed at 450 °C for 30 min in the air furnace. The electrochemical properties of prepared IrO2-Ta2O5/Ti anodes were evaluated through their voltammetric charges measured in the 1 M H2SO4 solution and their performance lives tested with 2 Acm−2 in the 1 M H2SO4 + 0.5 M Na2SO4 solution. Microstructures of prepared IrO2-Ta2O5/Ti anodes were characterized with x-ray diffractometer. The chemical compositions and surface morphologies of prepared IrO2-Ta2O5/Ti anodes were analyzed with scanning electron microscope equipped with energy-dispersive x-ray spectrometer. Based on the results of x-ray diffraction, only IrO2-diffracted peaks were detected from prepared IrO2-Ta2O5/Ti anodes. A mud-crack surface structure was seen from prepared IrO2-Ta2O5 coatings. The crack density and the crack width of an IrO2-Ta2O5 coating were obviously affected by different thermal pretreatments of baking methods and heating rates. The crack width of IrO2-Ta2O5 coating increased with an increasing the baking time. A relatively high voltammetric charge can be found from the IrO2-Ta2O5/Ti anode with wide cracks and high crack density. On the other hand, long lifetime values were detected from the IrO2-Ta2O5/Ti anode with a crack width more than 2 μm. The highest voltammetric charge was detected from the IrO2-Ta2O5/Ti anode prepared through baking at 90 °C for 180 s. On the other hand, the longest lifetime was found from the IrO2-Ta2O5/Ti anode pretreated with continuous heating at a rate of 7 °C/min.

The bouncing dynamics of a nanodroplet impacting a superhydrophobic surface under a perpendicular electric field is studied through molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Using the electric field strength as a parameter, two bouncing regimes are identified: an inertial force rebounding (IFR) regime (E 0.08 V A−1). In the IFR regime, the restitution coefficient, eb, is the same as but the contact time, τc, is shorter than that without an electric field. In the EFFR regime, eb is proportional to the electric field strength, whereas τc decreases with an increase in the electric field strength. On the boundary separating the two regimes (around 0.08 V A−1), both eb and τc increase sharply due to the droplet deformation. The droplet bounces off the surface in the shape of a sphere in the IFR regime and as a long strip in the EFFR regime. A new criterion for the bouncing of nanodroplets subjected to a perpendicular electric field is proposed based on the restitution coefficient, Weber number, characteristic length, and factor Φ. The criterion demonstrates that imposing an electric field can help the bouncing of nanodroplets.

Because electric fields can significantly modify the morphology of impacting droplets, the impact dynamics of droplets subjected to external electric fields have attracted extensive attention in recent years. Owing to the enhanced viscous effect and the altered viscous dissipation mechanisms, nanodroplets show distinctly different impact behaviors from macroscale droplets. However, it is not clear how electric fields affect the impact dynamics of nanodroplets, especially when the field direction is changed. In this study, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were performed to reveal the bouncing dynamics of a nanodroplet impacting a hydrophobic surface under electric fields with various field strengths and directions. As compared with the case without an electric field, the bouncing dynamics of the nanodroplet were significantly modified in the presence of the electric fields with tilt angles of α = 0°, 30°, 45°, 60°, and 90°, especially when the field strength was higher than 0.08 V A−1. The restitution coefficient, eb, was enhanced by the electric fields at a non-zero α with strengths larger than 0.08 V A−1. Applying an electric field with α = 60° and ≥ 0.08 V A−1 would lead to the maximum bouncing velocity. The contact time was stretched by a perpendicular electric field when E ≥ 0.08 V A−1. When the impact velocity was not sufficient to make a droplet bounce off, an electric field with all directions was capable to cause the opposite.

We have developed highly efficient chemistry to prepare two key intermediates from a Relabactam intermediate available from the process chemistry. The new intermediates enabled us to quickly synthesize other Ralebactam derivatives such as compound 1.

IrO2-Ta2O5/Ti anodes were prepared by coating a Ti substrate with an Ir and Ta containing precursor, followed by oxidization at 450 °C for 30 min. Prior to coating the precursor, three different Ti-pretreatments including grinding with emery paper, etching in a 50 vol.% HCl solution and etching in a 19 g/L NH4HF2 + 5 vol.% HNO3 solution were performed. The cyclic voltammetry (CV) behavior of the prepared IrO2-Ta2O5/Ti anodes were tested in a 1 M H2SO4 solution, and their lifetime values were evaluated in a 1 M H2SO4 + 0.5 M Na2SO4 solution at 30 °C. The experimental results show that the lifetime of an IrO2-Ta2O5/Ti anode is strongly affected by its Ti-pretreatment method. Whereas, the CV behavior of the IrO2-Ta2O5/Ti anodes with different Ti-pretreatments were only slightly changed. A long lifetime and a relatively high voltammetric charge were detected for the IrO2-Ta2O5/Ti anode with the Ti pretreatment of etching in the NH4HF2-based solution for 30 min. Delamination of the IrO2-Ta2O5 layer from the Ti substrate was the main failure mode of an anode during the lifetime test. According to the transmission electron microscopy study, some parts of the IrO2-Ta2O5 layer were detached from the Ti substrate pretreated with mechanical grinding. A high Ir concentration was detected in the IrO2-Ta2O5 adjacent to the Ti substrate pretreated with etching in the 50 vol.% HCl solution. On the other hand, the segregation of Ir and interfacial detachment were not found in the IrO2-Ta2O5 layer near the Ti substrate pretreated with etching in the NH4HF2-based solution. This pretreatment could be suitable for use to achieve a relatively long lifetime and high voltammetric charge on an IrO2-Ta2O5/Ti anode.

We describe our optimization efforts to improve the physicochemical properties, solubility, and off-target profile of 1, an inhibitor of TarO, an early stage enzyme in the biosynthetic pathway for wall teichoic acid (WTA) synthesis. Compound 1 displayed a TarO IC50 of 125 nM in an enzyme assay and possessed very high lipophilicity (clogP = 7.1) with no measurable solubility in PBS buffer. Structure–activity relationship (SAR) studies resulted in a series of compounds with improved lipophilic ligand efficiency (LLE) consistent with the reduction of clogP. From these efforts, analog 9 was selected for our initial in vivo study, which in combination with subefficacious dose of imipenem (IPM) robustly lowered the bacterial burden in a neutropenic Staphylococci murine infection model. Concurrent with our in vivo optimization effort using 9, we further improved LLE as exemplified by a much more druglike analog 26.

To observe the effect of deep electroacupuncture (EA) stimulation at "Huantiao"(GB30) on hindlimb motor function and expression of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK ) and p53 proteins in dorsal root ganglia (DRG) in rats with chronic constrictive injury (CCI) of sciatic nerve.Forty-eight SD rats (half male and half female) were randomly divided into control, model, shallow EA (SEA) stimulation and deep EA (DEA) stimulation groups (Following modeling, the SFI were significantly decreased (Both DEA and SEA at GB30 can obviously improve the motor function in CCI rats, which may be associated with its function in down-regulating the expression of p-p38 and p-p53 proteins in L4-L5 DRGs, restraining p38 MAPK signaling. The therapeutic effect of DEA is evidently better than that of SEA.

A series of benzimidazole analogs have been synthesized to improve the profile of the previous lead compounds tarocin B and 1. The syntheses, structure–activity relationships, and selected biochemical data of these analogs are described. The optimization efforts allowed the identification of 21, a fluoro-substituted benzimidazole, exhibiting potent TarO inhibitory activity and typical profile for a wall teichoic acid (WTA) biosynthesis inhibitor. Compound 21 displayed a potent synergistic and bactericidal effect in combination with imipenem against diverse methicillin-resistant Staphylococci.

We demonstrate significant improvement of CuO nanowire arrays as anode materials for lithium ion batteries by coating with thin NiO nanosheets conformally. The NiO nanosheets were designed two kinds of morphologies, which are porous and non-porous. By the NiO nanosheets coating, the major active CuO nanowires were protected from direct contact with the electrolyte to improve the surface chemical stability. Simultaneously, through the observation and comparison of TEM results of crystalline non-porous NiO nanosheets, before and after lithiation process, we clearly prove the effect of expected protection of CuO, and clarify the differences of phase transition, crystallinity change, ionic conduction and the mechanisms of the capacity decay further. Subsequently, the electrochemical performances exhibit lithiation and delithiation differences of the porous and non-porous NiO nanosheets, and confirm that the presence of the non-porous NiO coating can still effectively assist the diffusion of Li+ ions into the CuO nanowires, maintaining the advantage of high surface area, and improves the cycle performance of CuO nanowires, leading to enhanced battery capacity. Optimally, the best structure is validated to be non-porous NiO nanosheets, in contrary to the anticipated porous NiO nanosheets. In addition, considering the low cost and facile fabrication process can be realized further for practical applications.

High throughput screening for β-lactamase inhibitors afforded biphenyl hits such as 1. Hit confirmation and X-ray soaking experiments with Pseudomonas Aeruginosa AmpC enzyme led to the identification of an aryl boronic acid-serine complex 4, which was formed from phenyl boronic acid 8 (an impurity in compound 1) and ethylene glycol (the cryoprotectant in the soaking experiment).

A series of pyrrolo-benzo-1,4-diazine analogs have been synthesized and displayed potent Nav1.7 inhibitory activity and moderate selectivity over Nav1.5. The syntheses, structure-activity relationships, and selected pharmacokinetic data of these analogs are described. Compound 41 displayed anti-nociceptive efficacy in the rat CFA pain model at 100 mpk oral dosing.

The electrochemical corrosion behaviour of trivalent Cr-C-coated steel samples with Ni and Cu undercoatings was studied in the 0.1 M H2SO4 + 1 g/L NaCl solution. The corrosion resistance of Cr&ndash, C-coated samples depends strongly on the undercoating material and the polarised anodic potential. With a soft undercoating, the cracks and crack width in the Cr&ndash, C coating can be obviously reduced. Different corrosion potentials were measured from Cr&ndash, C-coated steel samples with Ni and Cu-undercoatings. Better electrochemical corrosion resistance of a Cr&ndash, C/Cu-coated steel sample was detected at 0 V, but it easily corroded at 0.5 V. On the contrary, the Cr&ndash, C/Ni-coated steel sample had better electrochemical corrosion resistance at 0.5 V, and poor at 0 V. The through-coating cracks in the Cr&ndash, C coating could provide active corrosion paths for dissolution of the Ni or Cu undercoating during potentiostatic tests polarised at 0 and 0.5 V. The reduction behaviour of Cu2+ ions dissolved from the Cu undercoating of the heat-hardened Cr&ndash, C-coated sample was studied and recognised by means of the immersion test in a solution composed of 200 g/L CuSO4&middot, 5H2O and 70 g/L H2SO4.

Wood composite is weak under heavy loadings, which was improved by reinforcing basalt fibres. In this study, chopped basalt fibres with different lengths (5mm, 10mm, 15mm and 20mm) were mixed with fir sawdust at 2.5%, 5%, 7.5% and 10% weight fractions to produce basalt fiber reinforced fir sawdust panels. The reinforced panels showed improved strength values. A maximum bending strength value of 44.1 MPa was obtained when the mean length of chopped basalt fiber was 15mm and the weight fraction was 2.5%. The tensile strength reached a maximum value of 17.4MPa when the mean length of basalt fiber was 10mm and the weight fraction was 10%. Compared with the unreinforced fir sawdust panel group, the reinforced panel group increased bending strength 60.7% and had a 47.5% increase in tensile strength. These findings demonstrate that basalt fibre has very promising prospects for strength improving.

Moisture absorption results in dimensional deformation, mechanical property deterioration and fungi attack in wood composite products, which may be improved by the reinforcement of waterproof material. In this study, we used basalt fibre as a reinforcement material for fir sawdust panels and investigated the influence of basalt fibre content and length on moisture absorption rate and thickness swelling. The reinforced fir sawdust panel groups largely reduced water absorption rate, and the smallest thickness swelling occurred when the content of basalt fibre was 5%. The results also indicated that the basalt fibre content played a more important role than basalt fibre length on the thickness swelling of the reinforced fir sawdust panels.

On the basis of research on the theory of the Fourier transform lens, according to the observation and test requirements of a fine particle and the geometrical optics aberration theory, a particle size measuring lens of adjustable high resolution laser beam that worked for wavelength of 660 nm is designed, the laser beam can be controlled through the aperture adjusting device of the lens, and can high definition imaging for the semiconductor fiber laser that core diameter is 4.5μm, numerical aperture N.A is 0.13, the output wavelength is 660nm. In the case of object distance for the next 129.5mm, the spot diameter approximately equal to the theoretical amplification value, the main image spot is clear and no flare.

The widespread emergence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has dramatically eroded the efficacy of current β-lactam antibiotics and created an urgent need for novel treatment options. Using an S. aureus phenotypic screening strategy, we have identified small molecule early stage wall teichoic acid (WTA) pathway-specific inhibitors predicted to be chemically synergistic with β-lactams. These previously disclosed inhibitors, termed tarocins, demonstrate by genetic and biochemical means inhibition of TarO, the first step in WTA biosynthesis. Tarocins demonstrate potent bactericidal synergy in combination with broad spectrum β-lactam antibiotics across diverse clinical isolates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococci. The synthesis and structure-activity relationships (SAR) of a tarocin series will be detailed. Tarocins and other WTA inhibitors may provide a rational strategy to develop Gram-positive bactericidal β-lactam combination agents active against methicillin-resistant Staphylococci.

The widespread emergence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has dramatically eroded the efficacy of current β-lactam antibiotics and created an urgent need for new treatment options. We report an S. aureus phenotypic screening strategy involving chemical suppression of the growth inhibitory consequences of depleting late-stage wall teichoic acid biosynthesis. This enabled us to identify early-stage pathway-specific inhibitors of wall teichoic acid biosynthesis predicted to be chemically synergistic with β-lactams. We demonstrated by genetic and biochemical means that each of the new chemical series discovered, herein named tarocin A and tarocin B, inhibited the first step in wall teichoic acid biosynthesis (TarO). Tarocins do not have intrinsic bioactivity but rather demonstrated potent bactericidal synergy in combination with broad-spectrum β-lactam antibiotics against diverse clinical isolates of methicillin-resistant staphylococci as well as robust efficacy in a murine infection model of MRSA. Tarocins and other inhibitors of wall teichoic acid biosynthesis may provide a rational strategy to develop Gram-positive bactericidal β-lactam combination agents active against methicillin-resistant staphylococci.

Chopped basalt fiber reinforced wood sawdust panels were glued using melamine modified urea-formaldehyde resin. In order to improve the interfacial property, the basalt fibers was pre-treated by silane coupling agent. The tensile and bending strengths of the wood composites were tested, which indicated that the tensile and bending strengths of wood composites both reached their maximum values, 17.359MPa and 37.331MPa respectively, when the concentration of silane coupling agent is 0.75%.

Chopped basalt fibers untreated and treated by silane coupling agent were used to modify cement sample, in order to reduce water absorption. After fully soaked in water, the water content went up with the increase of fiber content. When the fiber content was 2.5Kg.m-3, the water absorption ratios of the samples reinforced by fibers without and with silane treatment were 4.83% and 5.44%, which were 57.1% and 39.5% less than the control group. This indicates that the fiber content was significant to water sorption and the influence of silane treatment is unnecessary for the reduction of water sorption.

The chopped basalt fibers and basalt glass powder were individually used as the flame retardant additives, and fir sawdust and melamine modified urea-formaldehyde resin together made the composite matrices. The fireproof wood particle panel was obtained by hot compressing the mixture, which may improve the inherent flammable defect of ordinary fiberboard. The limiting oxygen index indicated that the best flame retardant property of the basalt fiber reinforced wood composite was reached when the weight fraction of the chopped basalt fiber was 10%. With and without the basalt fiber additives, the difference of flame retardant performances was 10%. The wood composite, modified by basalt glass powder alone, improved its limiting oxygen index up to 11.7% when the weight fraction of the additives was 15%.

A series of pyrazoloquinolines, possessing (hetero)arylhydroxymethyl substituents at the quinoline C-4 position were evaluated as PDE10A inhibitors. Among these, methylpyrimidyl analogue 15 was identified as having good rodent and monkey exposure, and a MED of 10 mg/kg in an in vivo model.

A series of pyrazoloquinoline analogs have been synthesized and shown to bind to PDE10 with high affinity. From the SAR study and our lead optimization efforts, compounds 16 and 27 were found to possess potent oral antipsychotic activity in the MK-801 induced hyperactive rat model.

A series of 3-pyridinyl-tropane analogues based on previously reported compound 1 have been synthesized and shown to bind to the nociceptin receptor with high affinity. From the SAR study and our lead optimization efforts, compound 10 was found to possess potent oral antitussive activity in the capsaicin-induced guinea pig model. The rationale for compound selection and the biological profile of the optimized lead (10) are disclosed.

A series of nortropane analogs based on previously reported compound 1 have been synthesized and shown to bind to the nociceptin receptor with high affinity. The synthesis and structure-activity relationships around the C-3 nortropane substitution are described. From the SAR study and hPXR screening effort, compound 15 was identified to possess potent oral antitussive and anxiolytic-like activities in the guinea pig models.

In this paper, a dual-band antenna covering both DTV and 2.45-GHz ISM bands is presented. An inset-fed monopole antenna is responsible for radiation in the DTV band. The ISM band is taken account by a strip dipole etched on backside of the monopole antenna. The antenna may also be used for dual RFID bands. Detailed design inclusive of using the inset-feed to broaden the bandwidth is discussed and experiment was done to verify the simulation. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 50: 425–428, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.23132

A fisheye lens, which contains eight glass materials and 180-degree field-of-view, has been designed. The values of MTF have over 40c/mm@216c/mm for all fields. Eight lens glasses can be divided into two groups, which are four aspheric lenses and four spherical lenses.

Two novel chemokine receptor CCR-5 inhibitors, Sch 210971 (1) and Sch 210972 (2), were isolated from the fungal fermentation broth of Chaetomium globosum by normal- and reversed-phase HPLC purifications. The structure determination of 1 and 2 was accomplished on the basis of UV, MS, and NMR spectral data analyses including COSY, NOESY, HMQC, and HMBC experiments. The structure and relative configuration of 2 were determined unequivocally by X-ray crystallographic analysis. The major component 2 demonstrated a potent inhibitory activity of IC(50) = 79 nM in the CCR-5 receptor in vitro binding assay.

Moisture sorption of wood sawdust panel results in dimensional variation, deterioration of mechanical property and fungi attack, which may be improved by the reinforcement of waterproof material. In this study, the fir sawdust panel was reinforced by basalt glass particles with size smaller than 5 micron, in order to reduce moisture penetration. When the content of basalt glass powder was 15%, both the thickness swelling and 24 h water absorption rate of wood composites reached their minimum values, which were 2.7% and 11%, respectively. The thickness swelling was far smaller than the 45% upper limit of medium density fiberboard as described by standards GB/T17657-1999.

Two new secondary metabolites designated as Sch 419558 ( 1 ) and Sch 419559 ( 2 ), were isolated from the fermentation broth of Pseudomonas fluorescens . Structure elucidation of 1 and 2 was accomplished by spectroscopic data analyses including MS and NMR experiments. Both compounds were identified as lipopeptides containing valine and threonine linked with 1-amino-1-hydroxy-heptadec-9-en-2-one or 1-amino-1-hydroxy-pentadecan-2-one carbon chains, respectively. Characterization of the amino acids was further confirmed by amino acid analysis. Compounds 1 and 2 exhibited antibacterial activity against a sensitized E. coli strain with minimum inhibitory concentration of 0.3 and 0.6 μg/mL, respectively. Overexpression of RpoE in the E. coli strain increased the MIC over 60-fold for compounds 1 and 2 .

Fir sawdust panel was modified by basalt glass powder, in order to improve the stability during moisture sorption, durability under frequently wear, and fire resistance for working in high temperature conditions. The strengths of the modified panels were evaluated in this study. The maximum tensile 21.964MPa was reached when the weight fraction of basalt glass power was 15%, which was 86.58% stronger than the panel without basalt glass powder. When the content of basalt glass powder was 10%, the bending strength of the fir sawdust panel reached the maximum 37.9MPa, and was improved by 38.21%. However, the influence of the reinforcement to the elongation was negligible.

Wood fiber and lime rock powder have been used as the asphalt stabilizer and filler in highway construction. Basalt fiber and glass powder were adopted as the replacements of traditional stabilizer and filler. The experimental samples were made by tyre rubber powder modified asphalt mixture, basalt fiber, lime stone powder and basalt glass powder. The dynamic stability of the samples at 60 oC was indexed by the runs of automobile tracking. The samples with lime rock powder had the basalt fiber contents 0%, 0.2%, 0.25% and 0.3%, respectively. The corresponding dynamic stabilities were 4500 run/mm, 5300run/mm, >6000 run/mm and 5400run/mm. The samples with basalt glass powder had the basalt fiber contents 0%, 0.2% and 0.25%, respectively. The dynamic stability went above the upper limit of the tester when the basalt fiber content was 0.2%. The control group of basalt glass powder modified sample had 5600run/mm, whereas the control group of lime rock modified sample was 4500run/mm, of which the increment was 24%. We may conclude that the effect of basalt fiber reinforcement was significant. In addition, the basalt glass powder is better than lime rock powder, as the filler of asphalt composite.

Bioassay-guided fractionation of an organic extract of the cell mass from a manipulated plant cell culture of Mirabilis jalapa led to the isolation and subsequent identification of three new phenolic compounds, 1, 2, and 3. The isoflavone 1 and dehydrorotenoid 2 were identified as the principal antifungal principles from this plant cell culture with IC(50)'s of 25 and 48 microg/mL, respectively, against the test organism, Candida albicans DSY1024. The rotenoid 3 was inactive at 200 microg/mL in this assay.

Bioassay-guided fractionation of an extract of a mixture of Microphilis guyanensis and Genipa americana collected in the rainforest of Suriname yielded the known alkaloid cryptolepine (2) as the major active compound in a yeast bioassay for potential DNA-damaging agents; the same compound was later reisolated from M. guyanensis. The structure of cryptolepine was identified unambiguously by spectral data and by its total synthesis. Several cryptolepine derivatives (3-29, 32-41) were synthesized based on modifications of the C-2, N-5, N-10, and C-11 positions. Two cryptolepine dimers (30, 31) were also prepared. The structure modifications did not result in compounds with a higher potency than the parent compound cryptolepine in the yeast assay system, although some derivatives did show significant activity. Selected compounds (6, 7, 17, 22, 23, 26, and 27) were also tested for cytotoxicity in mammalian cell culture, and two compounds showed significant cytotoxic activity.

The cytotoxic potential and structure activity relationships of several indole metabolites obtained from feeding experiments using Streptomyces staurosporeus, a staurosporine producer, are described. 6-Fluoro-tryptamine and N b -acetyl-tryptamine-5- O -a-L-rhamnopyranoside, a metabolite obtained from the feeding experiment, demonstrated greatest activity with KB cells in culture, by means of an unknown mechanism.

A 1:1 mixture of two epimers of an unusual linear diterpene, lingulatusin, was isolated from the whole plant of Aster lingulatus . The structure was determined on the basis of IR, MS and extensive NMR spectral studies, and X-ray crystallographic data.

Bioassay-guided fractionation of Eschweilera coriacea collected in the lowland wet forest of Suriname yielded the new but only weakly active ellagic acid derivative eschweilenol A (1) and the two new but inactive ellagic acid derivatives eschweilenol B (2) and eschweilenol C (3). The four known compounds, sucrose, ellagic acid, 3-O-galloylepigallocatechin, and epigallocatechin, were also isolated. The structures of the three new compounds were determined by spectrometric methods, primarily from the HMQC, HMBC, NOESY, and ROESY NMR techniques, and chemical methods, including methylation and triethylsilylation. The location of a hydroxyl group in one ellagic acid derivative was determined by a new technique involving an NOE correlation of the protons of a triethylsilyl derivative with a proton on a neighboring aromatic ring.

A new 5-alkenylresorcinol Sch725681 (1) was isolated and identified from the culture of an Aspergillus sp. The structure elucidation of 1 was accomplished based on extensive NMR spectroscopic analyses. Compound 1 showed inhibitory activity against Saccharomyces cerevisiae (PM503) and Candida albicans (C43) with MICs of 16 and 64 microg/ml, respectively.

The wide-angle lenses, which apply four pieces of glass lenses with the angle of view 100 degree, the distortion controlled within 40%, and MTF in the angle of view above 40lp/mm

A further investigation of Aster lingulatus has led to the isolation of two additional novel triterpene saponins, asterlingulatoside C [3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-3 beta, 16 alpha-dihydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid 28-O-beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1--4)-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1--2)-alpha- L- arabinopyranoside] (1) and asterlingulatoside D [3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-3 beta,16 alpha-dihydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid 28-O-beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1--3)-beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1--4)-alpha-L- rhamnopyranosyl-(1--2)-alpha-L-arabinopyranoside] (2). Elucidation of the structures of 1 and 2 was mainly based on FABMS and 1D and 2D homonuclear and heteronuclear NMR techniques. Compounds 1 and 2 showed good inhibitory activity against DNA synthesis in human leukemia HL-60 cells with IC50 values of 8.8 and 6.1 microM, respectively.

The roots of Ononis spinosa subsp. leiosperma (Leguminosae) afforded a new glycoside, spinonin (1), possessing a novel skeleton, in addition to the known isoflavonoid glycoside, ononin [7beta-(glucosyloxy)formononetin] (2) and the known pterocarpan, 7-demethoxy-7-D-(glucosyloxy)homopterocarpin (3). The structure of the new isolate was elucidated by spectral methods including 1H and 13C NMR, COSY, APT, HETCOR, HMBC, NOESY, CD, FABMS, HRMS, EIMS, CIMS, and some chemical reactions. Spinonin was inactive against a number of human cancer cell lines and HIV-1 reverse transcriptase. The compounds 1 and 3 showed weak activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, whereas 2 was active against beta-hemolytic Streptococcus.

Two tetracyclic diterpene polyesters, paralinones A and B, with a new carbon framework, were isolated from an acetone extract of the whole plant of Euphorbia paralias. The structures of the compounds were elucidated by high field spectroscopic methods, including 2D NMR techniques and X-ray crystallography.