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To observe the effect of electroacupuncture(EA) on glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R)/ phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/ protein kinase B(Akt) protein pathway in the substantia nigra of mice with Parkinson's di-sease (PD)，so as to explore its underlying mechanisms in treatment of PD.Forty-eight C57BL/6 male mice were randomly divided into normal, model, EA and inhibitor groups, with 12 mice in each group. PD mouse model was established by intragastrical administration of rotenone for 4 weeks. In the EA group, EA was applied at "Fengfu"(GV16), "Taichong"(LR3) and"Zusanli"(ST36) for 30 min, once daily, for 2 weeks. The mice of the inhibitor group received gavage of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor ligliptin (10 mg·kgCompared with the normal group, the behavioral scores were significantly increased (EA at GV16, LR3 and ST36 may increase the level of TH in serum and substantia nigra by up-regulating the activity of GLP-1R/PI3K/Akt protein pathway, and improve the behavioral performance of PD induced by rotenone.

At present, how to increase insulin rapidly, availably and stably is still a conundrum in the treatment of diabetes mellitus.

Exploiting the concept of the dinuclear system, the interaction potential energy of two fragments that are quite close to each other is analyzed. A semi-classical method is used to calculate fission fragment yields using a simplified two-dimensional scission-point model. By considering the tip-to-tip orientation at the scission point of the fission process, we investigate the mass, charge, and kinetic-energy distributions of the fission fragments, for excitation energies in the 0-20 MeV range. Our results show that the fission fragment distributions are reproduced quite well, including the recent experimental results for the isotone chain [D Ramos et al. Phys. Rev. C 97, 054612 (2018)]. Thus, the simplified model is useful for multi-parameter global measurements of fission products.

Because of high cooling efficiency, simple structure and good reliability, the liquid-box self-circulation evaporative cooling system has broad applications in the field of electronic equipments. By designing and developing a set of Liquid-box self-circulating evaporative cooling system experimental platform for electronic components. We can study the influence of pipe diameter, height of liquid level and thermal conductive pad on the cooling efficiency of the system.

The self-circulation evaporative cooling system (SECS) of stator collector ring is a kind of new cooling technology, utilizing the evaporating of work fluid to cool the stator collector ring of hydro-generator. In this article, the thermodynamic processes of SECS of stator collector ring were analyzed by the second law of thermodynamics. The entropy production and power loss of isolated SECS were analyzed. Based on the distinctive characteristics of SECS, a performance evaluation function was proposed. The influence of heat load on was discussed by simulating. The conclusions provide the theory basis for the application of this new cooling technology.

With the advantage of high-security, energy-saving and high efficiency, the self-circulation evaporative cooling technology provides an ideal solution for the cooling problem of stator collector ring in hydro-generator. In this paper, the operation characteristics of self-circulation evaporative cooling system of single stator collector ring under different work conditions were analyzed by experiments. The experimental results show that the cooling performance of this new cooling system is satisfactory. The temperature distribution of stator collector ring and system pressure distribution were discussed on the basis of experimental data and those variation tendencies were concluded. The research results in this paper provide the basis for further researches and practical application of this new cooling system.

In order to verify the feasibility of the evaporative cooling technology applied in super computer stand-alone capacity of 50 kilowatts, this paper introduces the experimental platform, focusing on the PLC as control core of control system design and the meaning of building the experiment platform.

Objective To evaluate the clinical effect of acupoint injection therapy for paralysis of oculomotor nerve with Chinese herbal medicines. Methods A total number of 456 patients from 3 centers with paralysis of oculomotor nerve were randomly divided into an acupoint injection group and a control group with 228 cases each. Patients in the acupoint injection group were treated with injection of Chinese herbal medicines to Jīngming ( BL 1), Yangbai ( GB 14), Sibai ( ST 2), Tongziliao ( GB 1) on the affected side, and Gĕnshū ( BL 18) on both sides, Compound Angelica Injection was the main drug, and the corresponding acupoints and other injection drugs were also used according to differentiation of syndrome. Patients in the control group were treated with common western medicine. The treatment was given once a day, 10 times constituted one course with 3 days of interval. After 3 courses, the effect was assessed. TCM syndrome score, eyeball movement degree, the sizes of oculi rimae and pupil of the two groups were recorded before and after treatment. Results The effective rate of acupoint injection group was 91.7% (209/228), and that of the control group was 73.6% (168/228). There was statistical significance in comparing the difference between the two groups (P Conclusion Acupoint injection therapy with Chinese herbal medicines has assured effect on the treatment of oculomotor paralysis.

In order to get optimum color reproduction results on different color devices in color management, a proper rendering intent should be selected according to color characteristics of the image. In terms of differences on color characteristics, images could be classified into synthetic graphics and natural pictures. Different rendering intent should be applied on graphics and pictures. So graphic/picture automatic classification becomes a fundamental task of color management intellectualization. Characteristics on color distribution of a large number of images have been researched in our experiments. Then it is confirmed that the essential difference between graphic and picture is the characteristics on color distribution in the neighborhood of images rather than the number of colors or the volume of image gamut. Thus, the features which have distinct ability to show the differences could be used to build classification rules. In this paper, several mathematical features of image are extracted and selected by their classification performance. Based on these features, the discriminant analysis is adopted to build up discriminated functions. Finally, the accuracy of the functions has been tested and the precision is 96.75%.

Photonic crystal fiber (PCFs) offer new possibilities of realizing highly birefringence fibers due to a higher intrinsic index contrast compared to conventional fibers. Here, based on general section structure of PCFs, we take some mend in the core configuration, and achieve highly birefringence effect. A elliptic air hole and its inscribed circular high refractive material form the core of PCFs together. Especially to mention, they are being tangent at two points. By optimally selecting parameters, the effective refractive index difference between two orthogonal directions neff can reach the magnitude of 10-2. After numerical calculation, we find that increase the size of circular solid core, or long axe size of elliptic air hole, birefringence parameter of modal field can become more highly. Moreover, by matching structure parameters appropriately, the modal field diameters can be equivalent in the two orthogonal directions. A Gaussian modal field with highly birefringence character can be acquired.

The activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) have been observed in synaptic plasticity processes of learning and memory in neuropathic pain. Cerebrospinal fluid-contacting nucleus (CSF-CN) has been identified with the onset and persistence of neuropathic pain. However, whether extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase 5 (ERK5), a member of MAPKs, in CSF-CN participates in neuropathic pain has not been studied yet.The aim of the present study was to identify the role of ERK5 in CSF-CN on the formation and development of neuropathic pain, and to investigate its possible mechanism.Controlled animal study.University laboratory.After a chronic constriction injury (CCI) model was produced, BIX02188 was dissolved in 1% DMSO and injected into the lateral ventricles LV in a volume of 3 μl with different doses (0.1 μg, 1 μg, 10 μg). Mechanical allodynia and thermal hypersensitivity behavioral test, immunofluorescence, and western blot technique were used in this research.Following CCI, mechanical allodynia and thermal hypersensitivity were developed within a day, peaked at 14 days, and persisted for 21 days. ERK5 was remarkably activated by CCI in CSF-CN. Moreover, selective inhibiting of p-ERK5 expression in CSF-CN by BIX02188 could significantly relieve CCI-induced mechanical allodynia and thermal hypersensitivity, accompanying with the decreased phosphorylation of cAMP response-element binding protein (CREB) in CSF-CN.More underlying mechanism(s) of the role of ERK5 in CSF-CN on the formation and development of neuropathic pain will be needed to explore in future research.These findings suggest activation of ERK5 in CSF-CN might contribute to the onset and development of neuropathic pain and its role might be partly accomplished by p-CREB.

Background Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) is a unique pathogenic fatty deposit, in that it is closely correlated with risk of cardiovascular diseases. The present study is to investigate the usefulness of neck circumference (NC) to indicate VAT. Methods Participants aged 35 to 75 years who had taken abdomen and neck computer tomography (CT) examination were included in this study. Neck adipose tissue, abdominal VAT and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) areas, as well as sagittal abdominal diameter (SAD) were measured by CT. Body anthropometrics and metabolic parameters including blood glucose, lipid profiles and blood pressure were also measured. Results A lower abdomen CT examination was carried out on a total of 177 patients (87 male and 90 female) with a mean age of 59 years. Of the 177 participants, 15 men and 15 women also took a neck CT examination. With a comparable age and BMI, neck adipose area was correlated with abdominal VAT area significantly in men (r = 0.57, p = 0.028) and women (r = 0.53, p = 0.041). NC is positively correlated with VAT both in men (r = 0.49, p Conclusion Significant correlation between NC and VAT was present in Chinese men and women, which may be accounted by the fact that neck fat area is significantly correlated with abdominal VAT. Meanwhile, SAD is the best predictor for visceral fat in the Chinese population.

To determine the efficient cut-off points of fasting fingertip blood glucose test for undiagnosed diabetes mellitus (DM), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), and impaired fasting glucose (IFG) in community-based residents aged above 45 years old.A cluster-randomized study was conducted from May 2008 to January 2009. A total of 3250 subjects aged above 45 years in two communities of Baoding city received questionnaire investigation and tested for fingertip blood glucose. Those subjects whose capillary blood glucose level ≥ 5.1 mmol/L were subjected to 75 g oral glucose tolerance test. Undiagnosed diabetes mellitus and pre-diabetes were identified by fasting plasma glucose and OGTT. In this study, the cut-off points of fasting capillary blood glucose for detecting undiagnosed diabetes and pre-diabetes were evaluated, using receiver operator characteristic curve (ROC).Of 1351 subjects that having had oral glucose tolerance test, 230 cases were diagnosed as diabetes mellitus (7.3%), 166 cases (5.2%) as IFG, and 204 (6.7%) as IGT under fasting capillary blood glucose as test variable and state variables according to the following criteria. (1) FPG≥7.0 mmol/L or/and 2hPG≥11.1 mmol/L (2) FPG5.6 mmol/L (3) FPG7.0 mmol/L and 7.8 mmol/L≤2hPG≤11.1 mmol/L, areas under three ROC curves were 0.905, 0.633 and 0.719, respectively. The cut-off values of screening for undiagnosed DM, IGT and IFG were 6.0 mmol/L, 5.7 mmol/L, and 5.7 mmol/L, respectively. When cut-off value of screening for undiagnosed DM was 6.0 mmol/L, the maximal sensitivity was 78.0% and specificity was 89.3%. But there were both lower sensitivity and specificity in screening for IFG and IGT according to the best predicting value (5.7 mmol/L) from the ROC curves (50.3% and 28.0% vs. 60.8% and 28.0%).Fasting capillary blood glucose with the lower cut-point of 6.0 mmol/L in screening for undiagnosed diabetes mellitus alone, was relatively reliable, whereas for both IFG and IGT the fasting fingertip blood glucose tests were fallible. It was convenient and could be used in screening the DM at the community level.

Dispersion is one of main factors to limit the development of the optical fiber communication systems to be long-distance, high-speed and large capacity. In this paper, 2500km–10Gbps optical communication dispersion compensation systems based on FBG without electric regenerator are designed. Four schemes based on fiber Bragg grating (FBG) are realized through simulation: pre-compensation, post-compensation and two kinds of symmetrical compensation. The results demonstrate that: compared with pre-post compensation and two kinds of symmetrical compensation, post-compensation based on FBG shows the best performance. On the condition of full compensation, as the peak power of the input pulse grows, FBG post-compensation performs generally better than DCF post-compensation for the 10Gbps optical communication transmission systems.

We present experiments on bidirectional transmission with 2.5Gb/s for downstream and upstream data rates over 10km transmission distance to complete a WDM PON by SOA for ONU and realize the downstream optical signal is reused for upstream transmission. The results show that OAN and ONW is extincted and the extinction ratio(ER) is reduced to 0 db when the output optical of SOA pass through Scheme III module. We were able to achieve the error-free downstream transmission and achieve the error-free upstream transmission with the downstream ER of high to 15db; the Q value of the downstream transmission is about 36, the Q value of the upstream transmission is about 61.1.

An optimization scheme of long-haul optical communication systems based on dispersion compensation fiber Bragg grating (FBG) was presented. Employing FBG for the dispersion compensation in modern communication system has certain upgrade issues. According to the optimization scheme, the performance of the 2500km-10Gbps optical communication systems were simulated with the key system parameters, such as the modulation format, the duty cycle, the input power, the amplifier span length and the range of FBG bandwidth. The simulation results show that the optimal system parameters in optimization scheme improve the transmission performance effectively.

To recognize the main risk factors and to provide evidence for prevention and intervention of type 2 diabetes chronic complications.A hospital-based frequency matched case-control study including 200 type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) chronic complications cases and 200 controls without T2DM chronic complications was carried out in Baoding city. Relationships between factors and T2DM chronic complications were analyzed by non-conditional uni-variate and multivariate logistic regression methodologies.High C-reactive protein (CRP) (OR = 5.568), dyslipidemia (OR = 4.400), high blood urea nitrogen (BUN) (OR = 4.399), high low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) (OR = 3.594), time of hospitalization (OR = 2.612), grease food intake before developing DM (OR = 2.300), high HbA1c% (OR = 1.747), lack of exercise after the development of DM (OR = 1.672), duration of DM (OR = 1.509), mental stress (OR = 1.427), high-quality sleep (OR = 0.606), well control of blood glucose (OR = 0.517), well control of blood fat (OR = 0.299), insulin injections (OR = 0.155) etc. were all significantly associated with T2DM chronic complications.The main risk factors of T2DM chronic complications seemed to be related to high CRP, dyslipidemia, high BUN and high LDL-C. The main protective factors were insulin injections, well control of blood fat and blood glucose, good-quality of sleep, while the unique risk factors of cardiovascular disease seemed to be high LDL-C and mental stress. The unique risk factors of neuropathy were lack of exercise after developing DM and the amount of sweet food intake. The duration of DM appeared to be the common risk factor and the common protective factor on those three complications was insulin injection.

Aim: To describe the rates and patterns of unintentional injuries among primary and middle school students in China. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in Maanshan City of the Anhui Province in eastern China. All students attending six primary and four middle schools, selected randomly, were asked to report unintentional injuries occurring in the 12-mo period before the survey. The occurrence of unintentional injuries that resulted in medical attendance was summarized by study grade, sex, month and external causes. Results: The annual event-based injury rate per 100 students was higher among boys (21.7) than girls (17.6). Only 1.9% of the episodes resulted in hospitalization, and 17.8% resulted in missing school. The most frequent injuries were falls (38.2%) and transportation-related injuries (19.6%). The risk of injury was lower in middle schools than primary schools. Distribution by month of occurrence showed two peaks in boys during spring and autumn, but no clear peak was observed in girls. Conclusion: The descriptive epidemiology of unintentional injuries among students in China provides useful information on the distributions in person, place and time, which in turn provide hints for the further exploration of possible risk factors that are important in planning strategies for future prevention.

Objective To describe the rate and pattern of unintentional school injuries among primary and middle school students and to explore the major risk factors involved. Study design A cross-sectional survey of more than 10,000 students attending 6 primary and 4 middle schools selected randomly from all schools in Maanshan City of Anhui Province in eastern China was conducted to collect information on school injuries occurring in the 12-month period before the survey. Rate ratios for risk factors were estimated using the negative binomial regression analysis. Results The annual person-based school injury rate was 5.22 (95% CI: 3.90–6.53) percent. The annual event-based injury rate was 5.40 (95% CI: 4.04–6.76) per 100 students. Most injuries in school were relatively mild and only 1.53% (9/590) of the episodes resulted in hospitalization. The most frequent injures were falls (73%), and the most commonly injured sites were the upper limbs (46%). Male sex, primary school grades, poor health status, poor ability to concentrate, bad risk-taking behavior and high study-related stress were important risk factors. Conclusion This study provided useful baseline information on school injuries in China and identified important risk factors that would be important in planning prevention strategies.

To probe into the effects of familial factors on injury-related behaviors in children.Injury-related behaviors and familial factors of 6884 children were investigated with Family Questionnaire and Child Behavior Checklist. Multi-nominal logistic regression analysis was performed.There were 1670 (24.26%) children having serious injury-related behaviors and 3683 (53.50%) children having moderate injury-related behaviors. Factors contributing to children's injury-related behaviors would include punishment or indifference as well as the mode of parents' education; reintegral type of family; the level of parents' cognition on injuries; unfit location of medicine at home and careless attitudes of parents.There was close relationship between children's injury-related behaviors and familial factors. To avoid injury-related behaviors and to prevent injury occurrence, the importance of familial factors must be stressed.