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Magnetic data are sensitive to both the induced magnetization in rock units caused by the present earth's magnetic field and the remanent magnetization acquired by rock units in past geologic time. Susceptibility is a direct indicator of the magnetic mineral content, whereas remanent magnetization carries information about the formation process and subsequent structural movement of geologic units. The ability to recover and use total magnetization, defined as the vectorial sum of the induced and remanent magnetization, therefore enables us to take full advantage of magnetic data. The exploration geophysics community has achieved significant advances in inverting magnetic data affected by remanent magnetization. It is now feasible to invert any magnetic data set for total magnetization. We provide an overview of the state of the art in magnetization inversion and demonstrate the informational value of inverted magnetization through a set of case studies from mineral exploration problems. We focus on the methods that recover either the magnitude of the total magnetization or the total magnetization vector itself.

Review question / Objective: This systematic review aims to comprehensively assess the efficacy and safety of full-endoscopic cervical laminectomy and decompression versus anterior cervical decompression with fusion in treating cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) patients. Condition being studied: Cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) is a degenerative disease associated with cervical cord compression, which has increased significant health-related social costs and derived disabilities. Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) is the "gold standard" for the treatment of CSM. However, the application of ACDF may cause some complications. Recently, full-endoscopic cervical laminectomy and decompression have shown potential therapeutic effects for CSM. However, no systematic review or meta-analysis has focused on the effects of full-endoscopic cervical laminectomy and decompression in the treatment of CSM. This systematic review aims to comprehensively assess the efficacy and safety of full-endoscopic cervical laminectomy and decompression versus anterior cervical decompression with fusion in treating CSM patients.

Apparent density mapping is a technique to invert the gravity anomaly for obtaining the density distribution in the subsurface layer. The conventional approach for apparent density mapping usually assumes that the top and bottom interfaces of the layer are flat and horizontal, which is not often the case in the real world. We have developed a wavenumber-domain iterative approach for mapping a density distribution of the undulant layer, whose top and bottom interfaces could be a variable relief. The wavenumber-domain approach requires that the observational surface of the gravity data is flat and horizontal. The wavenumber-domain equations for forward calculation of the gravity anomaly due to the undulant layer and its inversion are presented. A damping factor is adopted in the inversion equation for suppressing high-frequency noise in the data and stabilizing the mapping. We use an iterative algorithm for mapping to minimize the difference between the observed and calculated gravity anomalies and to optimize the density values within the layer. The presented approach is simple, fast, stable, and easy to operate. A test on the synthetic data and the real data from the Xuefengshan tectonic zone in central South China verified the feasibility of our approach with higher accuracy than the conventional wavenumber-domain mapping approaches and higher efficiency than the conventional space-domain mapping approach.

Elbow stiffness is a common complication after trauma or surgery. Surgical treatment includes arthroscopic and open arthrolysis or different types of arthroplasty procedures. Arthroscopic arthrolysis has been well developed in the past decades. This technique has the advantage of less soft tissue trauma, better visualization, and more rapid functional recovery. However, there is higher risk of nerve injury during surgery. Full recognition of major pathologic changes around elbow is essential for a successful release.

Objective To observe the effect of Huangqi-Wumei (Mongolian milkvetch-Smoked plum, HW) granule on insulin resistance in GK rats. Methods Thirty-two male 4-week-old GK rats were randomly divided into four groups (8 each): model group, positive control group (metformin hydrochloride enteric-coated tablets, 0.15g/kg), low dose HW granule group (HW granule 1.3g/kg) and high dose HW granule group (HW granule 5.2g/kg); meantime 8 male Wistar rats of eight-week-old were used as normal control group (normal saline). During 10 weeks of gavage, multiple measurements of rats' body weight and fasting blood glucose (FBG) were detected respectively on the 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 week. Fasting serum insulin (FINS) and glycosylated hemoglobin (GHb) were measured and insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) was calculated at the end of the 10th week. Rats were sacrificed by acute blood loss, and the expressions of insulin receptor (IR) and insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) protein in rats' liver were measured by Western blotting. Results Ten weeks after intervention, compared with the normal control group, no significant difference of the body weight existed in model group (P>0.05) and positive control group (P>0.05), but the body weight in HW granule groups reduced significantly (P

In order to explore how plant autotoxicity changes with climate warming, the autotoxicity of P. schrenkiana needles' water extract, organic extract fractions, and key allelochemical DHAP was systemically investigated at the temperature rising 2 and 4°C based on the data‐monitored soil temperature during the last decade in the stage of Schrenk spruce regeneration (seed germination and seedling growth). The results showed that the criterion day and night temperatures were 12°C and 4°C for seed germination, and 14°C and 6°C for seedling growth, respectively. In the presence of water extract, the temperature rise of 2°C significantly inhibited the germination vigor and rate of P. Schrenkiana seed, and a temperature rise of 4°C significantly increased the inhibition to the seedling growth (P

The gene PGRMC1 is highly expressed in the granulose and luteal cells of rodent and primate ovaries. Its role in anti-apoptosis and regulating cell-cycle progression suggests a role in regulating follicle growth. The hypothesis is supported by the study in mice and studies in Sweden. In this study, the coding exons of PGRMC1 were sequenced among 196 Chinese women with premature ovarian failure (POF) and 200 controls, and one novel missense mutation was identified (C.556C>T, p. Pro186Ser) in the POF group and one novel SNP (C.533C>T, p. Trh177Ile) was identified in both groups. The mutation is not considered causative because protein prediction did not indicate a deleterious effect. It is concluded that coding mutations of PGRMC1 do not seem to be a common cause of the disease in Han Chinese women. Future studies in larger cohorts from other ethnic groups are necessary to establish the role of PGRMC1 in POF.

We study the inversion of magnetic data acquired over a rugged observation surface and where the buried source bodies have strong remanent magnetization that leads to unknown total magnetization directions. These factors pose significant challenges for processing and inversion of such data. To tackle the challenges from both a rugged observation surface and an unknown magnetization direction, we propose a strategy through the joint use of the equivalent source technique and 3D amplitude inversion to obtain 3D magnetization strength. We use equivalent source processing to calculate the amplitude data in the space domain because the use of the wavenumber-domain method is invalid due to large variations in the data elevation. We then carried out an amplitude inversion to generate a 3D subsurface distribution of the magnitude of the total magnetization vector. The results from a synthetic example and aeromagnetic data in Daye Mine in China showed that this approach is effective and images the magnetic units whose contact zones with the limestone country rock host the mineralization. The method is general and can be applied to a variety of cases with similar challenges.

Understanding the continental margin of the Northeastern South China Sea is critical to the study of deep structures, tectonic evolution, and dynamics of the region. One set of important data for this endeavor is the total-field magnetic data. Given the challenges associated with the magnetic data at low latitudes and with remanent magnetism in this area, we combine the equivalent-source technique and magnetic amplitude inversion to recover 3D subsurface magnetic structures. The inversion results show that this area is characterized by a north-south block division and east-west zonation. Magnetic regions strike in EW, NE and NW direction and are consistent with major tectonic trends in the region. The highly magnetic zone recovered from inversion in the continental margin differs visibly from that of the magnetically quiet zones to the south. The magnetic anomaly zone strikes in NE direction, covering an area of about 500 km × 60 km, and extending downward to a depth of 25 km or more. In combination with other geophysical data, we suggest that this strongly magnetic zone was produced by deep underplating of magma associated with plate subduction in Mesozoic period. The magnetically quiet zone in the south is an EW trending unit underlain by broad and gentle magnetic layers of lower crust. Its magnetic structure bears a clear resemblance to oceanic crust, assumed to be related to the presence of ancient oceanic crust there.

The main mode of pile-soil interaction and the influence factors of pile sinking in offshore platform construction were analyzed and discusses the reasons that penetration resistance increases after stop driving and then continue. To study the drivability of piles of specified driving hammer, taking a jacket platform of Bohai Sea for instance, the results showed that continuous driving will make the open-end steel piles be driven to the designed depth, and driven-on will cause soil plug and pile driving refusal. Based on the results, the paper gives some suggestions about pile driving.

The current study analyzed the relationship of high performance work practices and firm performance in a sample of pharmaceutical companies in China. We found that the human resource management index composed of high performance work practices such as extensive training, participation, detailed job definition, result-oriented performance appraisal, internal career opportunities, and profit sharing as reported by the human resource or finance managers was significantly related to firm's market performance as evaluated by the firm's general managers or marketing directors. Results also showed that the positive effect of the HRM index on firm's performance was influence by innovation strategy in negative direction. Results extend our knowledge about strategic human resource management theory and suggest the need for further studies to identify other contingencies that may attenuate the universalistic nature of these valued practices.

The mixture of hydrophilic [bmim][BF4] and water has been found to be a green and safe reaction medium in the synthesis of ethyl 3-amino-1-aryl-1 H-benzo[ f]chromene derivatives using domestic microwave oven.

Schizophrenia, described as the worst disease affecting mankind, is a severe and disabling mental disorder. Schizophrenia is characterized by complicated symptoms and still lacks a diagnostic neuropathology, so developing schizophrenia animal models which have quantifiable measures tested in a similar fashion in both humans and animals will play a key role in new therapeutic approaches. According to the symptoms of cognitive impairment and emotional disorder, the N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA)-receptor antagonist MK-801 was applied to induce schizophrenia-like behavior in mice. Locomotor activity and prepulse inhibition (PPI) were selected as indices and the effect of clozapine was also investigated in this model. The results showed that compared with the normal group, MK-801-treated mice exhibited significantly increased locomotor activity and impaired PPI, and pre-exposure to clozapine could ameliorate the abnormality and make it back to normal level. These findings suggest that the model we established could be a useful tool for antipsychotic drug screening.

To clone human secreted IL-16 cDNA, construct its prokaryotic expression vector and express it in E.coli DH5α.The secreted IL-16 gene fragment from the cDNA library of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) was amplified by PCR. After purified, the product was cloned into pUC18 T-vector. The recombinant plasmid was confirmed by PCR, endonuclease digestion and sequencing analysis and then subcloned into prokaryotic expression vector pMAL-C2. Then the recombinant expression plasmid pMAL-IL-16 was transformed into E.coli DH5α. The expression of secreted hIL-16 was induced with IPTG and identified by SDS-PAGE and Western blotting.Using PCR, we obtained the human secreted IL-16 cDNA fragment which was 393 bp and encoded 130 amino acids. The prokaryotic expression vector pMAL-IL-16 we constructed was successfully transformed into E.coli DH5α, and under the induction of IPTG, we found the expression of the recombinant fusion protein with relative molecular weight (M(r);) being 56 000 as expected and confirmed by SDS-PAGE and Western blotting.We successfully cloned the human secreted IL-16 cDNA and constructed its prokaryotic expression vector and expressed it in E.coli, which is helpful for further purification of human secreted IL-16 protein.

To investigate the expression of endogenous hypoxia-related markers identified as being involved in vulvar squamous cell carcinoma (VSCC).We performed immunohistochemical staining of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α(HIF-1α), glucose transporter-1 (GLUT-1), carbonic anhydrase 9 (CA-9) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), on tissue sections of 25 VSCC patients, 10 vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN) patients and 12 healthy controls.HIF-1α expression was found in all sections, with no significant difference between controls, VIN and VSCC sections (all P0.05). Glut-1 expression was found in 25% of control, 90% of VIN and 100% of VSCC sections. A significant difference between control and VIN or VSCC was observed (all P0.05), while no difference was found between VIN and VSCC sections (P0.05). CA-9 expression was negative in control sections, but it was found in 30% of VIN sections and 52% of VSCC sections with strong staining. Similarly, CA-9 expression also showed obvious differences between controls and VIN or VSCC sections (all P0.05). However, there was no significant difference between VIN and VSCC (P0.05). There were only 25% of control sections with weak VEGF expression, while strong staining was found in about 60% of VIN sections and 25% of VSCC sections (all P0.05). In addition, a difference was also found between VIN and VSCC sections (P0.05).Expression of endogenous hypoxia markers (HIF-1α, GLUT-1, CA-9 and VEGF) might be involved in the malignant progression of VSCC.

We present a case study on inverting magnetic data acquired over rugged terrain and influenced by strong remanent magnetization. These factors pose significant challenges for processing and inversion of such data. To tackle these challenges, we propose a strategy through the joint use of the equivalent source technique and 3D amplitude inversion to perform 3D magnetization inversions. Equivalent source processing is used to calculate the amplitude data in the space domain since use of the wavenumber-domain is difficult due to large elevation relief. We then carry out the amplitude inversion to generate a 3D subsurface distribution of effective susceptibility when strong remanent magnetization is present and the general magnetization direction cannot be estimated. The inversion results of aeromagnetic data in Daye Mine in China show that this approach is feasible and effective.

In order to investigate the effect of long-term located fertilization on soil fulvic acid (FA), in this study, four soil samples were taken from black soil with long-term located fertilization (about 30 year) in Harbin, Heilongjiang province. The fertilization treatments included control (CK), N, P and K fertilization (NPK), horse manure (OM), combination of organic manure and chemical fertilizations (MNPK). Soil FA was extracted from the samples and purified. The excitation, emission, synchronous, and three-dimensional-excitation emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopy (3DEEM) characteristics of the FA were determined. The excitation, emission and synchronous scan spectra all indicated that the main peaks of FA in the NPK treatment exhibited a significantly blue shift compared with CK, while those of MNPK, OM treatment caused a red shift to some extent. 3DEEM spectra of FA in all treatments exhibited four peaks (peak a, peak b, peak c, and peak d), compared with FA in CK, the wavelengths shift tendency of peak a, peak b, and peak c of FA 3DEEM in NPK, MNPK and OM treatments were similar to that of traditional spectra in FA. In order to provide quantitative information of FA humification degree in different treatments, we investigated the fluorescence index f450/500 (FI), area integration (A370-600 nm, A1 370-412 nm, A4 538-600 nm). Compared with CK, the f450/500, ratio of A1/A in NPK and A4/A in MNPK treatment increased by 4.62%, 6.12%, 7.22%, respectively. However, the f450/500, the ratio of A1/A in MNPK and A4/A in NPK treatment decreased by 3.86%, 15.31%, and 7.22% respectively. This indicated that NPK application gave a lower degree of FA humification, and combination of organic manure and chemical fertilizations would lead to a greater degree of FA aromatization in black soil with long-term located fertilization than CK.

Estrogen is known to prominently benefit neuronal syndromes and neurodegenerative diseases. Ginsenoside Rg1, an active ingredient found in a Chinese plant, ginseng root, was previously demonstrated to exert estrogen-like activity. This study was performed to assess the neuroprotective effect of ginsenoside Rg1 against apoptosis induced by β-amyloid protein 25-35 (Aβ(25-35)) in primary cultured rat hippocampal neuronal cells as well as in the underlying mechanisms.We first measured cell viability and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release from primary cultured rat hippocampal neurons. After that, the inhibition effects of ginsenoside Rg1 on neuronal cell apoptosis were evaluated with flow cytometric analysis. Furthermore, western blot analysis was used for detecting the expression of apoptosis-related proteins Bcl-2, Bax, and active caspase 3.The results show that ginsenoside Rg1 could increase neuronal viability and reduce LDH release; rescue cell apoptosis induced by Aβ(25-35); decrease the expression of caspase 3, increase the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax at the protein levels compared with the cells only treated with Aβ(25-35).Taken together, our results indicate that the apoptosis induced by Aβ(25-35) could be reversed by ginsenoside Rg1. Furthermore, this neuroprotective effect is probably mediated by up-regulating the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax that activates caspase 3.

Explore the anatomic variations of adult sphenoid sinus and delineate the precise relationship between sphenoid sinus and adjacent structures.Using multi planner reformation (MPR), the images of 260 spiral computed tomography (CT) scans were reviewed through a doctor station.The sphenoid was divided into 6 types: no development, conchal, pre-sellar, half-sellar, full-sellar and post-sellar. The prevalence was 0.19%, 1.54%, 8.08%, 22.88%, 20.58% and 46.73% respectively. And there was no difference between left and right. The prevalence of accessory septa or bone spur inside sphenoid sinus was 51.5%. With the gasification spreading, the prevalence was rising. And there was statistical significance among them. The dorsum sella was divided into three types: I, II, III. And its prevalence was 48.08%, 25.19% and 26.73% respectively. The difference of sphenoethmoid distribution among the various type sinus had no statistical significance. The prevalence of vidian canal and foramen rotundum protrusion was 39.2% and 15.8% respectively. And all occurred in pterygoid process cells. Internal carotid artery (ICA) was divided into 4 types. And the prevalence of type 0 to 3 was 13.5%, 50.0%, 26.9% and 9.6% respectively. With the gasification spreading, the prevalence of types 2, 3 was rising. And there were statistical significance among them. The prevalence of type 0 to 4 CNII was 4.4%, 19.2%, 26.0%, 29.0% and 21.4% respectively. With the gasification spreading, the prevalence of type 3, 4 CNII was rising. And the difference had statistical significance.MPR and multislice spiral CT can facilitate a precise study of anatomic variations in adult sphenoid sinus and delineate the relationships between sphenoid sinus and adjacent structures. Caution must be exercised during sphenoid and trans-sphenoid surgery to minimize the risk of inadvertently injuring the adjacent structures.

To observe the histopathological finding of bone remodeling in rabbit sinusitis model at different time and the tendency, and to discuss the effect of bone in the pathogenesis of sinusitis.First, the rabbit sinusitis model was made, then the experimental animals were divided into 3 groups according to the time of infection. There were 8 rabbits in each experimental group, and 4 rabbits in the control group. The sinus specimen were collected, embedded and stained. The bone in the inoculating side and noninoculating side was scored, and the bone in inoculating side was evaluated quantitatively and semiquantitatively. The parameters included the thickness of mucosa, mucoperiosteum, the density of osteoblast, the amount of osteoclast.The average bone score in the inoculating side was 2.250, 2.875, 2.875; in the noninoculating side was 1.625, 2.250, 2.500. Between group A and the control group, the difference of all three parameters had statistical significance. Between group B and group A, the difference of the thickness of mucosa and the density of osteoblast had statistical significance. Between group C and group B, none of the three parameters had statistical significance.Bacterial sinusitis can lead to bone remodeling, obvious bone destroy can occur at the early phase, then the bone proliferation follows. These results demonstrate that bone remodeling is one of the basic histopathological characters of CRS and might be the reason to lead CRS to a constant and chronic process of inflammation.

To discuss the clinical value of functional tracheoesophageal shunt for vocal rehabilitation after laryngectomy.One hundred and twenty seven cases of tracheoesophageal shunt for vocal rehabilitation after laryngectomy in Cancer Hospital of Tianjin Medical University from 1981 to 2006 were analyzed retrospectively.Among 127 cases, 105 cases got successful phonation and the total success rate of vocal rehabilitation was 82.7%, all successful cases were followed up from 2 to 27 years had good phonation quality and no aspiration. Analyzing the reasons of failure in phonation of the 22 cases, 9 cases were because of improper operation (7 cases for narrow fistula and 2 cases for broad fistula), 13 cases were because of postoperative infection (10 cases for narrow fistula and 3 cases for broad fistula). The key to successful phonation was the size of fistula, the main causes of the failure in phonation were related to uncorrected operative procedure and postoperative infection.This method for vocal rehabilitation after laryngectomy has high success rate of vocal rehabilitation and low complications, it is relatively simple and worth popularizing in clinical treatment.

Objectives The neuroprotective effects of Bu-Wang-San (BWS) and its effects on spine synapse plasticity were investigated in ovariectomised rats. Methods Thirty-six ovariectomised rats were divided into three groups: untreated controls, treatment with 17β-estradiol or with BWS. After 3 months, spatial acquisition and spatial retention were measured using the Morris water maze. Swim time, swim distance, swim speed, quadrant time and platform crossing were recorded. Spine synapse density in the hippocampus was examined by transmission electron microscopy. The expression of synaptophysin P38 (P38) mRNA was examined by real-time PCR and the protein expression of P38 was examined by Western blot. Key findings In spatial acquisition and spatial retention, the BWS group functioned significantly better than the control group. Ultrastructural observation of the hippocampus showed that BWS significantly increased spine synapse density compared with the ovariectomised group. In addition, BWS significantly increased P38 mRNA and protein expression in the hippocampus. Thus, the positive effect of BWS on learning and memory in rats was associated with increased spinal synapse density and increased P38 mRNA and protein expression in the hippocampus following menopause-induced injury. Conclusions These results suggest that BWS could improve cognitive ability following menopause-induced impairment of learning and memory.

To investigate the correlation of Her-2 overexpression with endocrine status and response to tamoxifen treatment in patients with breast cancer.Immunohistochemistry was used to measure the expression of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), Her-2, p53, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in 4773 consecutive in-hospitalized patients with primary breast cancer confirmed by pathological examination of the resected specimens, all females, aged 50 (15 - 92), and were followed up for 42 months on average. 1090 if then received tamoxifen (TAM), an anti-estrogen agent, post-operationally. The correlation of Her-2 overexpression with other factors was analyzed.(1) The Her-2 overexpression rate was 26.6%. Her-2 overexpression was significantly negatively correlated with expressions of ER and PR (both P0.01). (2) The general 3-year disease-free survival (DFS) rate of those treated with TAM was 92.7%; and the 3-year GFS rate of the subgroup of the TAM-treated patients with Her-1 overexpression was 91.2%, significantly lower than that of those without Her-2 overexpression (93.4%, P = 0.004). (3) The 3-year DFS rate premenopausal patients with Her-2 overexpression was 91.8%, not significantly different from that of those without Her-2 overexpression (92.6%, P0.05), however, the 3-year DFS rate of the postmenopausal patients with Her-2 overexpression was 90.4%, significantly lower than that of those without Her-2 overexpression (92.6%, P = 0.010). (4) The 3-year DFS rate of the axillary lymph node-positive patients with Her-2 overexpression was 89.1%, significantly lower than that without Her-2 overexpression (92.3%, P = 0.037). (5) In the premenopausal patients there was no significant difference in the 3-year DFS rate between the lymph node-negative patients with and without Her-2 overexpression (P0.05). However, in the postmenopausal lymph node positive patients the 3-year DFS rate of those with Her-2 overexpression was 88.7%, significantly lower than that of those without Her-2 overexpression (92.2%, P = 0.0069).ER and PR are independent factors of Her-2 expression. Her-2 overexpression signifies resistance to TAM treatment. The response to TAM is not influenced by the Her-2 expression and axillary lymph node metastasis status in the premenopausal patients, and is not influenced by the Her-2 expression level in the postmenopausal patients.

To express and evaluate the immunogenicity of ectodomain and its subdomains of Plasmodium berghei apical membrane antigen I (PbAMA-1).Sequence of PbAMA-I gene was isolated from the genome of P. berghei, and was redesigned and divided into three overlapped fragments according to its subdomain structure. The codon-optimized DNA fragments of PbAMA-1 were synthesized and inserted into vector pET32a for expression in E. coli and the recombinant proteins were purified by Ni-NTA column, followed by refolding in vitro. Mice and rabbits were immunized with the recombinant proteins formulated with Freund adjuvant. Titer of the specific antibodies was detected by ELISA and IFA. The immunized mice were challenged by P. berghei to evaluate protective efficacy in vivo.The sequence of the PbAMA-1 gene was shown to be identical to that published before. PbAMA-1 sequence was redesigned via codon optimization and synthesized. Both ectodomain and its subdomains of PbAMA-1 were successfully expressed in E. coli after induction. The proteins were isolated with the purity of more than 90% after Ni column purification and refolding in vitro. Immunization of mice with the recombinant proteins induced high level of specific antibodies. The antibody titer to ectodomain E after the 3rd immunization showed a strong immunogenicity at (34.4+/-0.15) x 10(-4). The antibodies interacted with the parasites by indirect fluorescence. The immunized mice were partially protected from the challenge of P. berghei.The recombinant PbAMA-1 is highly immunogenic and induces protective immunity against the challenge of P. berghei.

The mixture of hydrophilic [bmim][BF 4 ] and water has been found to be a green and safe reaction medium in the synthesis of ethyl 3-amino-1-aryl-1H-benzo[flchromene derivatives using domestic microwave oven.

Ethnopharmacological significance Bu-Wang-San (BWS) is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine for the treatment of learning and memory impairment. The effect of BWS on neuroprotection and how BWS increases CA1 dendritic spine synapse density in menopaused women was investigated in the model of ovariectomized (OVX) rats. Materials and methods Sixteen OVX rats were divided into two groups, the OVX group and OVX + BWS group. After 3 months, Morris water maze was used to assess spatial acquisition and spatial retention. Swim time, swim distance, swim speed, quadrant time and platform crossing were recorded. The ultrastructure of the pyramidal cell and spine synapse density were examined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Results In the spatial acquisition and spatial retention phase of testing, BWS group functioned significantly better than control group. Ultrastructural observation of the hippocampal CA1 region of OVX group showed swelling of mitochondria, the broken and reduced cristas and even crista dissolution; however, the mitochondria were protected well in BWS group. In addition, BWS significantly increased spine synapse density. Conclusions These results suggested that BWS could improve cognitive ability of menopause-induced learning and memory impairment. The positive effect of BWS on rat learning and memory was associated with increase of spinal synapse density and protection of mitochondrial function of the pyramidal cell in hippocampal CA1 region from menopause-induced injury.

Identify the significance of variants in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), the role of extracellular matrix (ECM), MMPs, cell adhesion molecular (CAM) and cytokine in lymphatic metastasis in PTC and the value of PET-CT in diagnosis of thyroid carcinoma.Five hundred and five cases of PTC which had complete medical records and followed up surveys were selected from the files. Clinical biological characteristic of the histological variants was investigated. Sixty cases of PTC were selected. As the important parts of micro ecosystems, ECM, MMPs, CAMs and cytokine were investigated in use of tissue chip and method of immunohistochemistry. In addition, a group of cases of thyroid carcinoma including PTC was analyzed, follicular thyroid carcinoma and medulla thyroid carcinoma (MTC) and their reports of PET-CT as the initiation.The variants could be divided into three groups in terms of the rate of cervical lymph node metastasis. The high-metastases group included diffuse sclerosing variant, tall cell variant, column cell variant and diffuse follicular variant. The low-metastases group included macrofollicular variant and papillary microcarcinomas. Others are included in the moderate-metastases group. The rate of cervical lymph node metastasis of each group were 83.0% , 55.5% and 34.1% (P0. 05), respectively. The 10-year-survival were 75.3% , 95.8% and 100.0% , respectively. The 20-year-survival were 31.2%, 80.3% and 87.5%, respectively. The positive rate of LN, FN, MMP-2, MMP-9, TIMP-2, CD, Integrinbeta-1, ICAM-1, EGFR, TGFR-beta, VEGF-C and E-Cad in metastasis ranged from 51.6% (Integrinbeta-1) to 98.3% (CD), and that in primartumor ranged from 46.7% (FN) to 98.3% (ICAM-1). The expression of E-cad in primartumor was lower than that in normal tissues (P0.05). The sensitivity of PET-CT was 100% and the specificity was 85.7%.The characteristic has significant difference among the variants. Individual treatment should be performed in terms of different variants. Furthermore, some molecules play an important role in the lymph node metastasis of PTC and may be considered as the focus of future study. In addition, compared with CT and Bus, PET-CT is more sensitive and has its unquestionable advantage as a whole body examination, especially for staging and detecting micro metastases, though it requires a high expense.

In the paper, the reaction of CaO-HF and fluorine removal mechanics at high temperature by blending calcium-based sorbents with coal during coal combustion were discussed, and test results about fluorine retention during coal combustion in fluidized bed and chain-grate furnace were reported. The results identified that lime and calcium-based sorbets developed can restratin the emission of fluorine during coal combustion. The efficiency of fluorine removal can reach 66.7%-70.0% at Ca/F 60-70 by blending lime with coal in fluidized bed combustion, and the efficiency of fluorine removal are between 57.32% and 75.19% by blending calcium-based sorbets with coal in chain-grate furnace combustion. Blending CaO or lime with coal during coal combustion can remove SO2 and HF simultaneously.

In this paper, radial basis functions are used to obtain the solution of evolution equations which appear in variational level set method based image segmentation. In this method, radial basis functions are used to interpolate the implicit level set function of the evolution equation with a high level of accuracy and smoothness. Then, the original initial value problem is discretized into an interpolation problem. Accordingly, the evolution equation is converted into a set of coupled ordinary differential equations, and a smooth evolution can be retained. Compared with finite difference scheme based level set approaches, the complex and costly re-initialization procedure is unnecessary. Numerical examples are also given to show the efficiency of the method.

Combining moving least square approximations and boundary integral equations, a meshless Galerkin method, which is the Galerkin boundary node method (GBNM), for two- and three-dimensional infinite elastic solid mechanics problems with traction boundary conditions is discussed. In this numerical method, the resulting formulation inherits the symmetry and positive definiteness of variational problems, and boundary conditions can be applied directly and easily. A rigorous error analysis and convergence study for both displacement and stress is presented in Sobolev spaces. The capability of this method is illustrated and assessed by some numerical examples.